Tiruvalymoli: A Translation

Who possesses the highest, unsurpassable good? That one; who graciously gives the good that clears the mind? That one; who is the chieftan of the unforgetting immortals? That one; so bow down at those radiant feet that destroy affliction and then rise up, my mind.

He is beyond the scope of the understanding of minds which blossom and rise up when impurity is banished, he is not within the understanding of the senses; this one is all good and understanding, there is no one like him, past, present, or future; he is my good life, there is no one greater than him.

He is hard to know if you think, "he lacks that," "he has this;" he bears all forms in earth and heaven, but has no form; with the senses yet not of the senses; unlimited, all pervading, the incomparable one who has the good: to him we draw near.

We here, that man, this man, the other in-between, that woman, this woman, that other in-between, whoever, those people, these people, and the others in-between, that thing, this thing, and the other in-between, whichever, those things dying, these things, the others in-between, bad things, good things, things to be, things that were: that one became all of them.

Each of them by his own manner of knowing has his own lord, and so reaches his feet, and each one's lord is a lord without fault; that each might get there in his own right way, He stood there.

"He sat, he stood, he lay down, he moved about;" "he didn't sit, he didn't stand, he didn't lie down, he didn't move about:" he is hard to know if you think he has one nature; thus always is his nature, my steadfast one.

Steadfast sky, fire, wind, water, earth, everything spreading forth from them - he becomes all this soul in the body, though hidden, he pervades everything, he is within; his is within the radiant scriptures, he has eaten everything, that bright one.

First cause for everything beginning with the sky which the gods find hard to know, this highest one ate it all; "the destroyer of the three forts," "the giver of knowledge to the gods" - you talk thus of Hara and Ayan; but destroying the world, making it, he is within.

If you say "he is," he is, and his form is all these forms; If you say "he is not,"his non-form is all these non-forms; "He is," "he is not:" if he has these qualities, he exists with both natures, without limit he pervades everything.

He is within the waters in the broad, cool ocean, he pervades it all; this broad world, earth and sky without limit, every small hidden place and every thing shining there - everywhere he hides, pervading all, he is within, he eats all this, strong one.

These ten verses from the artfully composed thousand sung by Shatakopan of Kuruhur at the feet of that highest one who abides as wide sky, fire, wind, water, earth, as subtle sound, vigor, strength, cool affection, patience - these ten verses are your freedom.

By Shatakopan, "Nammalvar"
8th century CE, Tamil Nadu




Francis X. Clooney, SJ is a scholar of Mimansa, Vedanta and Nyaya in the Sanskrit traditions and in the Tamil