2279.Image: protuberance: karn.aka a prominence; a handle; karn.ika_ a knot, round protuberance; karn.in an arrow furnished with knots (Skt.lex.)

2280.Image: brim of a vessel: krn.aka projection on the side of a vessel, handle (S'Br.); kano rim, border (S.); ka_n.a_ brim of a cup (B.); ka_no (G.)(CDIAL 2831). ka_n.i_ ornamental swelling out in a vessel (B.)(CDIAL 2849). karn.a ear, handle of a vessel (RV.); kan.n.a ear (Pali.Pkt.); tip (Pali); ka_n. ear, rim of a vessel, edge of river (A.); karn.e_ aside (Skt.); pi krn.e_ from behind (RV.)(CDIAL 2830). Image: rim: kano rim, border (S.); kanna_ edge, rim, handle (H.); ka_nu end of a rope for supporting a burden (N.); ka_n.a_ brim of a cup (B.); kan.n.aka having ears or corners (Pali); karn.aka projection on the side of a vessel, handle (S'Br.) (CDIAL 2831). Image: handle of vessel: karo, pl. kara_ rings of a vessel by which it is lifted (N.); kara_ handle of vessel (Bi.)(CDIAL 2629). kat.akam vessel with a kind of spout; kat.ai-va_y corner of the mouth (Kampara_. Na_t.t.up. 10); kad.ava_yi (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) cf. karuvi instrument, tool (Ta.)(DEDR 1290). Image: projection on the side of a vessel: kar.u handles on a box or trunk by which to lift it (Santali.lex.) karn.aka handle or projection on the side of a vessel (TS. i.5.7.6)(Vedic.lex.) karn.a-tarda tying the yoke with poles; the nail that unites the poles (Vedic.lex.) karn.a having long ears (Vedic)(Skt.lex.) karai border of a cloth (Kalit. 111)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Border of a cloth: karai coloured border of a cloth (Ma.); karayan striped cloth (Ma.); kar coloured woven stripes on end of cloth (Ko.); coloured woven stripes on end of cloth (To.); kare border of a cloth (Ka.); coloured border of a cloth (Tu.)(DEDR 1293).

2060.Murmur: {Echo word}: kun.ukun.u to whine, murmur, grumble (Ta.); gun.ugu to murmur (Ka.Coorg); gun.a, gun.u, gon.a a sound in imitation of grumbling (Ka.); gun.ugun.u, gunugunu murmuring, muttering (Tu.); guniyu to grumble (Tu.); kunkunare to murmur (Malt.) gun'na_ to fret (Kur.)(DEDR 1685). gangan murmur (N.); gangana_unu to grumble (N.); gan.agan.a murmur (Or.); gan:gan. (G.); gan:gan.n.e~ (M.); gungun (H.)(CDIAL 4013). galgal to murmur (Santali.lex.)

2061.Panicum antidotale: gunara (H.); ghamur (P.); dusto (G.); smoke of the burning plant: used to fumigate wounds, and as disinfectant in small-pox; habitat: Punjab, Upper Gangetic Plains and western Peninsula (GIMP, p.185). layo gundli a cultivated millet, panicum antidotale (Santali.lex.)

2062.Dream: kukmu~ a dream, to dream; kukmu~iako ninda people dream at night; tehen ninda kukmu~ten ramketmea I saw you in a dream last night (Santali.lex.) kunchukna dream; gansk- to dream (Go.); kirk- to dream (Ga.); kancka_na_ to dream, cry out in one's sleep; kansksta_na_ to send a dream (of god); kansk-, kanjka_na_, kanisk- to dreak; kanjkar. dream (Go.); kala dream (Kond.a); kr.e_nj- (kr.e_nc-) to dream; kr.e_ckond. dream (Pe.); kr.i_nja (kr.i_nji-) to dream; n. dream; kr.i_spa (kr.i_st-) to cause to dream, reveal in a dream (Kui); xandrna_ to sleep (Kur.); qandre id.; qanqe sleep (Malt.); kelay- to dream; keyalkud. dream (Pa.); kala dream (Nk.Kol.); kars- (karast-) to see a dream (Kol.); kala dream; kala~ganu to dream (Te.); kana dream (Tu.); kenaci dream (Kod..); kan-a_, kan-avu dream, sleep; kan-avu (kan-avi-) to dream (Ta.); kina_vu, kanavu, kana_vu dream; kanavuka, kana_vikkuka to dream (Ma.); kancn dream (Ko.); konof (obl. konot-) id. (To.); kana, kanasu, kanasa id.; kanavarisu to dream (Ka.)(DEDR 1407).

2063.Arum campanulatum: ce_n-ai amorphophallus campanulatus (Ta.); ce_na yam, arum campanulatum (Ma.); ke_ne tahiti arrowroot, an itchy root (Ka.); ke_n a kind of yam, arum campanulatum [amorphophallus campanutalus = arum campanulatum](DEDR 2022). Amorphophallus campanulatus: arsaghna (Skt.); jungli suran (M.); ol (B.); zaminkand (H.); karnaikilangu (Ta.); kanda (Te.); chena (Ma.); tuber: stomachic, tonic, restorative, carminative, in piles and dysentery, when fresh acts as an acrid stimulant and expectorant and much used in acute rheumatism (GIMP, p.16).

2064.Image: buffalo race: kambal.a a buffalo race (Ka.); kambula, kambul.a a buffalo race in a rice field (Tu.)(DEDR 1239). kampo, gampo a swampy field (Tu.lex.)

2065.Coarse woollen blanket: kampal.ai,kampal.am ram of the fleecy kind (Ta.lex.) kampal.i, kampal.am coarse woollen blanket (Ta.); kampil.i woollen cloth, blanket (Ma.); kabeyl., kabel.g, kabi.l.g blanket (Ko.); kambala, kambal.i id. (Ka.); kambil.i id. (Kod..); kambol.i id. (Tu.); kambal.amu, kambal.i, kambad.i id., rug, woollen cloth (Te.); kambra blanket (Pa.); kambal id. (Ga.Br.); kamr.a id. (Go.Kur.); kamri id. (Malt.)(DBIA. 76). kampala woollen blanket, rug; carpet; ceyyakampalam virittena : Ci_ka_l.t.. Pu. Na_n-muka. 108)(Ta.lex.) camparam cloth, garment, a_t.ai (Ta.lex. < ambara ); ambara cloth, upper garment (Pali); clothes (MBh.); am.bara cloth, garment (Pkt.); a_mbara expensive clothes (OG.) ambara clothing (Si.)(CDIAL 573). kambala woollen blanket or upper garment (AV.); kambala id. (Pali.Pkt.); kamli_, ka_mri_, kambal id. (H.); kambalika_ a woollen cloth (Pa_n..); kamalu (Sh.): kamalⁱ (K.); kamari (S.); kammal fine blanket (L.); kammal, kamli_, kambal, kambli_ coarse blanket (P.) > kambal, kammal blanket (H.); ka~bari_ (Aw.); ka~_bl.o loosely woven woollen stuff (G.)(CDIAL 2771 < ?Austro-as.).kamr.a, kamr.a_, kama_r.a, kama_r.a_ a blanket made of hair, camel's hair, sheep's wool etc. and worn by Munda men as an overall, in contrast to bana_t a blanket made of some fibrous or fleecy substance resembling hair (Mu.); kammal (Skt.)(Mu.lex.) Image: caterpillar; working man: kambalin having a woollen garment (Pali); kam^aria_ a working man (Mth.); ka~_bl.iya_ common labourer (M.)--Poss. belong here ka_ml.iyo hairy caterpillar (G.); kamla_ caterpillar (H.); kapana_ worm, caterpillar (RV.)(CDIAL 2773). Caterpillar: ka_ml.iyo hairy caterpillar (G.); kamla_ id.(H.); < kapana_ worm, caterpillar (RV.)(CDIAL 2773). sun:g hair of caterpillar (B.); sun:ga_ id. (Or.)(CDIAL 12599).

2066.Leap-frog: kavat.i game of leap-frog (Ta.); jumping play of children (Ma.)(DEDR 1321). Image: frog: kappa frog (Te.Kuwi); kappe id. (Ka.Kod..Tu.Go.); kepak frog, toad (Ko.)(DEDR 1224). cf. kacchapa frog (Skt.lex.) taval.a frog, chiefly in the grass (Ma.); taval.ai animals of the frog and toad variety (Ta.); tappal.ai, tavakkal.ai frog (Ta.); tavaka_, tavakkey id. (Ta.)(DEDR 3110). kepak frog, toad (Ko.); kopin frog (To.); kappe, keppe id. (Ka.); kappe toad (Kod..); kappe frog (Tu.Go.); kappa id. (Te.Kuwi); kapoki id., biceps (Kond.a)(DEDR 1224). Wink; jump: jhampa jump (Skt.); jhapo pounce (S.); jhapan.u to snatch at (S.); jhappan. to seize (L.); jhapp quickly (P.); jhapp pounce (WPah.); suddenly (Ku.); jhappa, jha_p-jhuppa all at once (N.); zapan. sound of suddenly plunging into water (A.); jhap, jhapa_n. splash; jhap-jhap quickly (B.); jhap hastily (Or.); at once (Mth.); jerk (H.); suddenly (G.); jhapa_jhap scuffle (G.); jhap-jhap suddenly (M.); jhapakn.a_ to wink (P.); jhapkn.u_ to flash (WPah.); jhapakna_ to spring at; jhapak blast (H.); jhapakka suddenly (N.); jhapkan.a smartly (M.); jhapat.n.a_ to pounce on (P.); jhapt.an.o (Ku.); jhapt.anu (N.); jhapat.a scampering (Or.); jhapat. swoop (Mth.); jhapat.na_ to run quickly (H.); jhapa_t. quickness (H.); jha_pt.u~ sharp shower of rain; jhapat. spring; jhapet.vu~ to beat (G.); jhapa_t.n.e~ to accomplish smartly; jhapet. swoop (of a bird)(M.); jhapa_s, jha_pas violent rainstorm (Mth.); jhapa_s (H.); jhabb quick (L.); jhapph swoop (of a bird); jhapphn.a_ to catch (P.); jhamb rain blown by wind; jhamban. to card cotton (L.); jambhn.a_ to shake, card cotton (P.); jambhn.a_ to dust (WPah.); za~_p jump; za~_piba to jump (A.); jha~_p, jha~_pa_ (B.); jha_mpa, jha_mpiba_ (Or.); jha~_p (Mth.); jhampna_ to pounce on (H.); jha~pa_vvu~ to throw headlong (G.); jha~_p stoop (of a bird)(M.); jhamt.anu to assault (N.); jha~_bad.n.e~ to snatch (M.)(CDIAL 5336). jamda quick (Bshk.); jhammn.a_ to throw on the ground; jhama_jham heavily (of rain)(P.); jhamma quite; jham-jham in torrents (of rain)(N.); zam-zam cry caused by burning (A.); jham-jham pattering (B.); sound of heavy rain (H.); jhamt.an.o to pounce on (Ku.); jhamt.anu (N.)(CDIAL 5339). Suddenly: kavakn suddenly; gabakn, gubakn noise of jumping into water, of fire blazing up (Ko.); gappane suddenly, all at once (Ka.); gabagaba quickly, swiftly; gabakkuna, gaba_luna suddenly; gabi_luna all at once (Te.); gapene quickly, suddenly; gapne_ quickly, greedily (used of eating only); gapne quickly (Go.); khapp'ana_, khapp'le_ at one stroke, abruptly, unawares (Kur.)(DEDR 1320). cappuna quickly, at once, promptly (Te.); japne, jhap, jappe, japi quickly (Go.); capna_ to hurry (Kur.)(DEDR 2336). kopp-en-al onom. expr. of moving quickly, swiftly or suddenly; kupp-en-al expr. signifying suddenness (Ta.); gobbuna quickly, swiftly, at once (Te.); gupna, gopna fitfully, suddenly, hastily (Kui)(DEDR 2112). Lightning; fire: khi_van.u to flash (S.); khimman. to flash (L.); khi_van.i lightning (S.); khevan., kheun. lightning flash (P.)(CDIAL 3682).(CDIAL 3683). kiccu fire (Ta.); ticci id. (Kurub.); tic id. (Ko.); tit id. (To.); kic id. (To.); kiccu, kircu id. (Ka.); titti id. (Kod..); kittu lightning; kiccu, kicci, kicce fire, envy, indigestion (Tu.); kicci jealousy (Kor.); ciccu fire, flame; ciccar-a, ciccur-a fiery; kittu fire (Te.); kis id. (Kol.); kicc (c = ts) id.; kic (c = ts) id. (Nk.); kic id. (Pa.); kis, kiccu id. (Ga.); kismul fireplace (Ga.); kis fire (Go.); sisu id. (Kond.a); siso vad.i a flint (vad.i stone)(Kui); hi_cu_, hiccu fire (Kuwi); cicc id. (Kur.); cicu id. (Malt.); cicci_ fire (Pkt.)(DEDR 1514).

2067.Image: dice: kavar-u dice, gambling (Ta.); die (Ma.)(DEDR 1329). Image: indent on a blade: kaur.o indent on a khukri blade (N.)(CDIAL 2740). cf. karuv-id.u to put bosses or raised figures, mould, model (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Big cowry: gavva a cowrie (?Te.)(DEDR 1342). kavad.d.a big cowry (Pkt.)(CDIAL 2740). Cowry: kavat.i cowry (Tiruva_lava_. 38,47)(Ta.lex.); id. (Ma.); kavit.i cypraea moneta (Ma.); kavad.i, kavad.ike, kavad.e cowrie (Ka..); kavd.i id. (Kod..); kavad.i, kavad.ige, kavad.e id.. (Tu.); gavva id. (Te.)(DBIA 80). kavar-u dice; arumpor- kavar-an. kurul.a (Ci_vaka. 927); gambling (Kur-al., 920); kavar-a_t.al gambling (Nal.a. Kalito. 39)(Ta.lex.) kaparda, kapardika_ cowrie (Skt.); kavad.d.a, kavad.d.ia_ id. (Pkt.); kaur.i_ id. (H.); kod.u shell hung round neck of cattle (S.); kod.o a kind of shell (S.); kod.i_ cypraea moneta or cowry (S.); small cowry (G.); kaud. conch (L.); kaud.i_ cowry (used as money or as ornament for animals)(L.); cowry (P.) kaud. a large shell (P.); kaud.a_ tortoise (P.); kaud.d.i_ cowry (P.); kaur.ie a game played with cowries (WPah.); kaur.i_ cowry (Ku.Or.Marw.); kaur.i cowry (N.); kar.a_ cowry (A.B.); kar.i_ B.); kaur.a (Or.); kaur.ⁱ (Mth.); kod.u~ sea-shell (G.); kavd.a_, kad.i_ (M.); kod.o large cowry (G.); kavd.i (Konkan.i); kavad.iya (Si.); kawa_r. small piece (Pas'.)(CDIAL 2740). kod.yaru seller of cowries (S.)(CDIAL 2741). kaur.iya_ wearing cowries (H.)(CDIAL 2742). kaud.a_ tortoise, a large shell (P.)(CDIAL 2740). kaud.ia_ a slave brought for a cowry (P.); kaur.ia_ valuable (Or.); kaur.iya_ wearing cowries (H.)(CDIAL 2743). kod.yaru seller of cowries (S.)(CDIAL 2742). kaparda, kapardaka, kapardi_, kapardika_ a cowrie-shell used as a coin (EI 1, 9, 14, 21; CII 4; IEG.); kapardaka- pura_n.a, a pura_n.a (of silver) counted in cowrie-shells; kapardaka-vod.i (EI 23.IEG.) a cowrie-shell used as a coin. [cf. od.i division or ricefields (Tu.)(DEDR 948).] s'ambu bivalve shell (Skt.); s'ambuka id. (Skt.); sambuka a shell (Pali); sa_mba oyster shell (Or.); sam.bukka a shell (Pkt.); sa_muk bivalve shell, snail, cockle (B.); sa_muka_ bivalve, snail (Or.)(CDIAL 12316). kava_t.t.i oyster (J.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

2068.Vessel for sacred ashes: kappaccu a blacksmith's tool; kapparai vessel for keeping sacred ashes in temples (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.) kambeci a steel plate with holes for drawing wires (Tu.lex.) Coinage, mint: kampat.t.am coinage, coin ((Ta.); kammat.t.am, kammit.t.am coinage, mint (Ma.); kammat.a id. (Ka.); kammat.i coiner (Ka.)(DEDR 1236). kampat.t.a-k-ku_t.am mint; kampat.t.a-k-ka_ran- coiner; kampat.t.a- mul.ai die, coining stamp (Ta.lex.) [cf. the nasal in ka~pr.aut. jeweller's crucible made of rags and clay (Bi.)(CDIAL 2874)]. ka~pr.aut., kapr.aut. jeweller's crucible made of rags and clay (Bi.); kapr.aut.i_ wrapping in cloth with wet clay for firing chemicals or drugs, mud cement (H.)[cf. modern compounds: kapar.mit.t.i_ wrapping in cloth and clay (H.); kapad.lep id. (H.)](CDIAL 2874). kapar-mat.t.i clay and cowdung smeared on a crucible (N.)(CDIAL 2871).

2069.Image: bat: kappad.e, kapat.e, kabat.e, kappad.i, kappat.e, kabbat.e, gabbila_yi bat (Ka.); gabbid.a_ya, gabbila_yi, gabbilamu id. (Te.); kapat.e cricket (or a kind of bird)(Nk.); kapt. butterfly, moth (Ko.)(DEDR 1216).

2071.Image: gate: kavun.i gate or fort of a city (Ta.); gavanu gate of a fort (Te.)(DEDR 1339). gavi a (covered or sheltered) place of resort; a gate (Ka.Te.)(Ka.lex.) kava_t.am door (Tiv. Iyar-. Periya. Ma. 73)(Ta.lex.) Image: watch-tower; shed with a flat roof: kaval.igemane a house with a gable-roof; kaval.ige-su_ru a coupled or gable-roof (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ka_van.am shed with a flat roof, pandal (Pa_rata. Kirut.. 56)(Ta.lex.); grove, tope (Ka_cika. Viya_tan-.)(Ta.lex.); ka_van.a shade, shed, pandal (Ka.)(DEDR 1486). ka_van.appatti ornamental roof of a mansion (Ko_yilo. 14); ka_val surrounding wall, fortification (Te_va_. 1087,10); ka_val-ma_l.ikai watch-tower, a small turret where sentinels or watch-guards are stationed (Ta.); ka_val-ma_l.ika (Ma.); ka_val-ar-ai public treasury, as guarded (Tiruva_lava_. 25,4)(Ta.); watch-house (Ta.); ka_valar-a id. (Ma.); ka_vali police duty; ka_var-kan.ikai a class of dancing-girls (Cilap. 5,50)(Ta.lex.) kapa_t.a, kava_t.ika_ leaf of a door (MBh.); kavat.i_ id. (Skt.); kavas.a opened (of the legs)(Skt.); kavas. open (of the leaves of a door (AitBr.) [prob. < Drav.]; kava_t.a leaf of a door, door (Pali.); kava_d.a, kava_la, kappha_d.a, kivid.i_ id. (Pkt.); kava_r., kava_r.a_ leaf of a door (P.); kava_r.i_ window, door (P.); kewa_r.i_ door (B.Mth.); small door (H.); keba_r., keba_r.i_ leaf of a door, door (Mth.); kiwa_r., kiwa_r.a_, kiwa_r, kewa_r., kewa_r.a_ id. (H.); kiwa_r.i_ small door (H.); kiba_r.i door (OMarw.); kava_d., ka_va_d. door (M.)(CDIAL 2963). kavad. cupboard (Konkan.i); kama_r. door (G.); kavul.uva window (Si.)(CDIAL 2963). kaula_ part of a wall between two doors (P.); side wall, armful (H.); kapala part, half (Skt.)(CDIAL 2743). kava_d. door (M.P.H.); kaba_t. (EB.); kavul.uva window (Si.); kava_t.a (P.); kapa_t.a, kava_t.a (Skt.)(Bloch, p. 312). {Metath.}: katavam, katavu door (Ta.); katavu, kataku , door-leaves, corner of a door (Ma.); kada, kadavu, kadahu leaf of a , door (Ka.)(DEDR 1187). gava_ks.a round window, loop-hole, air-hole (R.); gava_ks.aka (MBh.); gavakkha round window (Pali.Pkt.); gaukh portico; gokha_ skylight; gawa_kh (H.); gau~kha window (OG.); gokh balcony (G.)(CDIAL 4098).

2072.Tomb: kabara a muhammadan tomb (Ka.M.H.); kabara-stha_na a cemetery (Ka.H.)(Ka.lex.)

2073.Careful: kabaruda_ru skilful, clever, careful; attention! take care! mind! (Ka.); khabarada_ra (M.H.); kabaru news, information (Ka.); khabara (M.H.); kabaru attention! heed! (Ka.H.)(Ka.lex.)

2074.Roast meat: kaba_bu a ragout; a made dish of roast meat (Ka.Te.H.)(Ka.lex.)

2075.Buffalo: kavari < gavala buffalo (Kalla_. 53,30)(Ta.lex.) gavala wild buffalo (Pkt.Skt.); gauri ga_i (N.)(CDIAL 4096). Buffalo's horn: gavala a buffalo's horn (Ka.Skt.lex.)

2076.Image: braid of hair: kabari, kavari a braid or fillet of hair; a knot of braided hair; kabari-yagra the point of a braided hair (Ka.lex.) kapardin having braided hair (RV.)(CDIAL 2743).

2077.Yak; lion's tail raised over its head: kavari-ma_n- yak (Perun.. Ucaik. 50,20)(Ta.); kavarima_ (Kur-al., 969); kavarima_n--mayir chowrie or bushy tail of the camari, the Tibetan yak (bos grunniens) set in a decorated handle, used as a fly-flap or fan before an idol or a great personage (J.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.)< camari (MBh.) yak bos grunniens; caur lion's tail raised over its head (P.); co~_r yak's tail (used for fanning idols and great personages)(CDIAL 4677)(Ta.lex.)

2078.Image: copulation; being contained: kavavu being contained (Tol. Col. 357); the contents of anything (Maturaik. 626); embracing, copulation (Tol. Po. 173); kavarvu desire (Tol. Col. 362); kavar to have sexual connection with (Kalit.94,33); kavarcci captivation, attraction (Ta.lex.) Images: to seize; copulation: kavar to seize, grasp (Ta.); kavarvu captivation, attraction (Ta.); kavavu to desire, embrace, copulate; n. copulation (Ta.); kavar-r-u to attract (Ta.inscr.); kavar to take away by force, seize, strip (Ka.); kamucu to hold, seize (Te.); kavayu to embrace, copulate (Te.); kavaraki_ a captive female prisoner (Skt.)(DEDR 1326). Seizing: katuvu to seize, grasp, take more than a proper share of (Ta.); kadubu to seize or hold firmly (Ka.); kadumu to seize (Te.)(DEDR 1200).

2079.Waterlift: kavalai a kind of waterlift (Ta.); kapile (Te.); kapali (Ka.); kappi (Ma.); kapi (Tu.); kavalai-c-ca_l large leather bucket for kapilai waterlift; kapilai waterlift consisting of a large hemispherical leather or iron bucket, worked with bullocks (Ta.lex.) kapali, kapale, kapile, kavile, kavule an apparatus for raising water, consisting of pulley, rope and leathern bucket, worked by oxen on an inclined plane (Ka.M.); kappi a pulley (Ta.Ma.Te.); qabb (Arabic); kapi (Tu.); kapali hod.e to draw water by means of the kapali (Ka.); kappi balikke (Ma.); kapali ba_vi a well fitted with the kapali (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) kappi < qabb (U.) pulley, kayir-ir..ukkun. karuvi (Ta. Naut.); id. (Ma.); block and wheel in a loom (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) kavantam water (Pa_rata. Patin-a_r-a_m. 58)(Ta.lex.) kavalai-y-e_r-r-am a kind of waterlift (Ta.lex.)

2080.Jaw; cheek: kapo_la cheek (Ya_j.Pali); kavo_la (Pkt.)[Prob. < Austro-as., poss. < Drav.]; kapola, kapula cheek, jaw (Si.); -- with metath. bogul cheek (Tor.)(CDIAL 2755). gavla, galva jaw (Pe.); kavul. jaw of elephant (Pur-ana_. 30,8); temple of elephant (Kur-al., 678); cheek (Ta.); kavil. cheek (Ma.); kaul.u the cheek (Tu.); kavun.d.rasa, kavud.rasa cancer of the cheek (Tu.); gauda the cheek (Te.); ku_lu cheek (Kui)(DEDR 1337).

2081.Image: forking: kavalai branch, forking of branches, fork (Pin..); kavarpu differing (Ja_n-a_. 66,13); kavarppu forking, bifurcation, ramification (Ci_vaka. 1212, Urai.); kavarir-ukki fork of a branch planted at the mouth of a fence, path etc., to prevent animals from entering fields, houses etc. (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) Images: fork, crab's claws; crab having forked claws: kavar fork, bifurcate; bifurcated branch, as of a tree or river (S.I.I. iii,45); divergence of branches, roads, rivers (Ci_vaka. 1212); prong (Ta.); kavat.u branch of tree, forked branch, separation, division (Ta.); kavat.t.i, kavat.t.ai fork of a branch, branching root; kavai division, cleavage (as of hoof, a crab's claws)(Akana_. 393); forked stick (Akana_. 34); kavai-k-ka_l forked post; kavai-k-kul.ampu cloven hoof; kavai-k-kompu forked branch; antler; kavai-t-ta_l. forked, divaricated claws (Perumpa_n.. 208); crab, having forked claws; kavai-y-at.i cloven foot (Man.i. 6,125)(Ta.lex.) Claw hammer: kavari-c-cuttiyal claw hammer; kavar to catch; kavar-t-tat.i forked stick, used as a pitchfork (Ta.lex.) kavaittal to fork, as a branch (Pur-ana_. 98); to join with, embrace (Kuricip. 185); crossroads (Ta.); kavvu fork of a branch or horn (Ta.); kavat.i pitchfork (Ma.); kafy double-peak of a hill (To.); kavad.u, kave = kaval bifurcation, forked stick, divided state (Ka.)(DEDR 1325). kappu cleavage, cleft (Kampara_. Etir. 2)(Ta.lex.) kappu forked branch; branch, bough (Ta.lex.) *grava branch? (Skt.); gro~_ branch (Wg.); lawa_ (Pas'.)(CDIA 4358). ka_vu, ka_mpu, ka_mu (Tadbhava of kad.amba, kadamba, karamba, kalamba) a stalk, a culm, a stem; a handle (Ka.); ka_mpu (Ta.); kar..ambu, ka_du, ka_mpu (Ma.)(Ka.lex.)

2082.Prong of a trident; groove: kavar tine, as of a trident (Ta.); kava (Te.Tu.Ma.); kaval (Ka.); groove or a kind of mortise on the top of a gate or door-post to receive a beam; kavat.u (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Image: notch; rung of a ladder: khop rung of a ladder (orig. 'notch in a plank or trunk used as a ladder')(A.); dint (M.); khupiya_ notch to place the foot on (A.); khopani pressing the toes in to prevent slipping (A.)(CDIAL 3937).

2083.Image: sling, catapult: kavan., kavan.ai, kavan.t.i, kavan.t.u sling (Ta.); kavan.a, kavin.a sling, bow to throw stones; kavan. sling, catapult (Ma.); givn.d.y gal sling (Ko.); tifin.y id. (To.); kavan.e id. (Ka.); kavan.e, kappanda id. (Tu.)(DEDR 1322). gophan. sling for stones (G.); guph string; gum.phan.a sling for stones (Pkt.); gu~phn.i_ (H.); gumphana, gumphana_ winding (a garland), stringing (Skt.)(CDIAL 4206). ko_va, ko_rva what is strung together; ko_mpu string of pearls (Ma.); ko_vai, ko_rvai string of ornamental beads (Ta.); ko.v- (ko.t-) to string, thread (Ko.); k(r)o_va a string, as of pearls, etc. (Te.)(DEDR 2176). Pearl: kavat.u-vat.t.am a kind of pearl (Cilap. 14,196, Urai)(Ta.lex.)

2084.Image: pair; separation: kavat.u separation, division (Malaipat.u. 34)(Ta.lex.) kava pair, couple (Te.); kavalu twins (Te.); kapli a pair of branches, horns or antlers (Malt.)(DEDR 1325). [cf. kupli mound of earth (Pe.)(DEDR 1731-a).] Images: interstice between fingers; cutting; streak, line: kalpa capable (S'Br.); kappa rule, rite, age (Pali.Pkt.); kapp cut, breach (L.); kap half (Br.); ka_p interstice between fingers (N.); ka_p cutting a nib, pen nib (B.); ka_p cutting, slice (H.); cut, wound (G.); slice of fruit (M.); ka_po cutting, slit, streak, line (G.); ka_plo a cutting of cloth (G.); ka_pli_ clippings (G.); kraph, krapas chopping, cutting (K.)(CDIAL 2941). For semant. 'cloth' cf. ka_p small piece of cloth covering the privities (Pa.); ka_pa diaper (Kui)(DEDR 1452). ka_pn.em. to cut (M.); ka_p (G.); kap (S.Si.); kapp (P.); ka_m.p slice (H.); kapp (Pali.Pkt.); kalp (Skt.)(Bloch,, p. 314). Barber's knife: ku_pi a barber's knife (Ka.)(DEDR 1898). kalpana cutting (VarBr.S.); kalpana_ arranging (Mn.); making (Sus'r.); kalpani_ scissors (Skt.); kappana arranging, preparing (Pali); kappan.a cutting; kappan.a_ arranging; kappan.i_ shears (Pkt.); ka_pn.i_ reaping a field, goldsmith's clip (G.); ka_pan. shaving; ka_pn.i_ reaping (M.)(CDIAL 2943). kalpayati sets in order (RV.); trims, cuts (VarBr.S.); kr.pa_n.a knife (Pa_n..); kappe_ti causes to fit, prepares, trims (Pali); kappe_i makes, arranges (Pkt.); kapan.u to cut (S.); kappan. to cut, reap; kappun. (L.); kappn.a_ to cut, kill (P.); kapnu to carve, chisel (N.); ka_pvu~ to cut (G.); ka_pn.e~ to cut, shave (M.); ka_ppu_ka to cut (Konkan.i); kapanava_ to cut, cut off, reap (Si.)(CDIAL 2944). kawa_r. small piece (Pas'.); kaur morsel, bit (L.)(CDIAL 2960). Image: to splice: gopan.u to splice (S.); gopnu to pierce, stab (N.); ghop den.a_ to thrust into (P.); ghopnu to pierce (N.); ghopa_ deep set (A.)(CDIAL 4296). Image: half, slice; interstice between fingers: kapaya in the middle of (Pas'.); kapu knife (S.); kapp cut, breach (L.); kap half (Br.); ka_p interstice between fingers (N.); cutting, slice (H.); cut, wound (G.); slice of fruit (M.); cutting a nub, pen nib (B.); ka_pa mask, false appearance (Or.); kapa an age (Si.); kalpa an age (MBh.); cable (S'Br.); rule, practice (RV.); kappa rule, rite, age (Pali.Pkt.)(CDIAL 2941). kalpuva_ barber (Si.); kalpaka id. (Skt.)(CDIAL 2942). kalpana cutting (VarBr.S); kappan.a cutting (Pkt.); kappan.i_ shears (Pkt.); ka_pan. shaving (M.); Reaping: ka_pn.i_ reaping (M.)(CDIAL 2943). Grain half-ground: kampu grain half-ground (Ta.); kappi grits in flour, grain half ground; gravel, road-metal (Ta.); kappi coarse part of rice (Ma.)(DEDR 1220). Image: stride: kavat.u-ta_kki pace, as a measure; kavat.u-vaittal to pace, straddle, stride; kavat.u-pat.ugal to slope down on either side, as the belly of a ya_r.. (Poruna. 4); to be separated, divided (Ta.lex.) Image: fork of the legs: kavat.t.ai fork of a branch, branching root (Ta.); kavate_ (Ka.); kava (Ma.); kavat.t.i (Ta.); kavat.t.u-k-ka_l bandy legs; kavar-k-ka_l forked prop; tree with forked branches; branch channel, in irrigation; kavar-t-tat.i forked stick, used as a pitchfork; kavut.t.i space between thighs (Ta.lex.) kavat.a (Te.) branch of a tree; fork of the legs (Ta.lex.) Images: space between the legs; crossroads: kavarppu forking, bifurcation (Ta.); kavalai forking of branches, place where several ways meet (Ta.); kava forked branch, space between the legs (Ma.); kavala place where two roads meet (Ma.); kaval to become birfurcated; n. bifurcation, couple, pair (Ka.); kaba space between the fingers (Tu.)(DEDR 1325). kavarttal to branch off, as roads (Cilap. 11,73); kava (Te.Ma.); kavalu (Ka.); kavarttal to fork, bifurcate; kavartal to separate into various channels (Pur-ana_. 35,8); kavar-ner-i fork in a road; kavar-pat.utal to be forked, as a road (Ta.lex.) kabar kai a bifurcated branch; kabar a forked or lateral branch; kabarko_l.u a fork cut out of a branch of a tree and used mostly for handling thorny plants and creepers (Tu.le .)

2085.Image: junction: kavalai place where several ways meet (Mullaip. 30); diverging roads (Cilap. 14,214); cf. kavar bifurcated branch (S.I.I. iii,45); kavar-var..i fork in a road (Ta.lex.) kappad.i-san:gama name of the confluence of the rivers Kr.s.n.a and Mala_pahari, and of a village there (Ka.lex.)

2086.Image: look-out; spy: kompa_l. man engaged in watching from a tree; a look-out, spy; kompu bough, branch, twig (Man.i. 24,86)(Ta.lex.) Hidden: go_payati guards (S'a_n:khS'r.); hides (Mn.); go_ve_i protects, hides (Pkt.); goeb to hide (Mth.); goi_ pp. hidden (OAw.); gowna_, gona_ to hide (H.); govai (OG.); go~dhvu~ to shut up, detain (G.)(CDIAL 4291). kohval cowherd (Go.)(DEDR 2218). gupi the act of grazing cattle; the fact of cattle being grazed (Mu.); gopa_l (H.); gopi fem. cowherd (H.)(Mu.lex.) guppa to be hidden (Pkt.); gupha_ cave (S.); hermit's cave (L.P.N.); goph cave, hole (K.); guph cave, ravine, pass (B.)(CDIAL 4204). guha_ hiding place, cave (VS.Pali.Pkt.); guh id. (RV.); goh cave (G.)(CDIAL 4220). kevi deep valley, cave (Ta.); gavi cave; gambu cave of wild animals (Ka.); gavi cave, hole, cell (Tu.); cavern (Te.)(DEDR 1332). To hide: gupun to hide (K.); go_pyate_ is preserved (MBh.)(CDIAL 4297). Guarded: go_via kept, hidden (Pkt.); go_pita guarded (MBh.Pali); gohi_ hiding, secret (H.)(CDIAL 4295). Protection: gutti (Vedic gupti) protection, defence, guard; watchfulness--(a) literally of a city; (b) figuratively of the senses in indriya_nan gutti. guttika a guardian, one who keeps watch over, in nagara-guttika the town-watchman, the chief-constable; gutta (Skt. gupta, pp. of gupt] guarded, protected; nagaran guttan a well-guarded city; devinda gutta protected by the lord of gods; gutta dva_ra with guarded doors, always in combination with indriyesu gutta-dva_ra (Pali.lex.) go~dhvu~ to shut up, detain (G.)(CDIAL 4291). nagaran guttan a well-guarded city; gutta guarded, watchful, constrained; gutta-dva_ra with guarded doors; gutti protection, defence, guard, watchfulness (Pali.lex.) ko_vuramu ambush, lying in ambush (Te.)(DEDR 2218). ko_p- (ko_t-) to tend (cattle)(Pa.Go.); ko_pal, kopa_l cowherd (Go.); ko_pa_l term of abuse applied to Gaiki graziers; ko_pe (pl. -hk) cowherdess; koh- to tend cattle (Go.); ko_pa (ko_pi-) to tend, herd (cattle, sheep); n. tending, herding (Kui)(DEDR 2218). go_pa cowherd, guardian (Mn.RV.Pali); go_pi_, go_pika_ (BhP.); go_paka (Pali); go_pika_ (Pali); go_va, go_vaa, go_vi_, vo_via_ (Pkt.); goi female of cowherd caste (Or.); govuva_, govva_, f. geviya_ cattle-keeper, herdsman (Si.)(CDIAL 4289). go_pa_la cowherd (VS.Pali); go_pa_laka (MBh.); go_pa_laka (Pali); govala (NiDoc.); go_va_la, go_va_laa, go_va_liya, go_va_li_, go_va_liya_, go_va_lin.i_, go_alla_, go_va_liya, go_va_lin.i_ (Pkt.); gawa_li_ cowherd (Dm.); go_wa_l (Pas'.); gua_l shepherd (K.); gava_ru cowherd (S.); go_va_l (L.); gava_l, gava_la_, gua_l, gua_lla_ (P.); gua_l, gua_l.u_ (WPah.); gwa_w, gwer (Ku.); gwa_lo, gwa_lini (N.); guwa_l buffalo-keeper, goya_la_, goya_lni_, gayla_ (A.); goa_l.a, gua_l.a, goa_l.a_, goa_lun.i_ (Or.); gwa_r (Bi.); goa_r, goa_rin (Mth.); goa_l, gua_l, gua_la_, gwa_lan, gwa_lini_ (H.); gwa_l (Bhoj.); guva_lau (OMarw.); gova_l., gova_l.iyo, gova_l.an., gova_l.n.i_ (G.); go_va_l.a_, go_vl.a_ cowherd (M.); gavl.i_ caste of herdsmen; govl.an. (M.); gavl.i_ cowherd (Konkan.i); gurwal (Sv.); ghe_iwal (Phal.); goya_l cowshed (B.); go_val. (M.)(CDIAL 4293). indra-go_pa having Indra as protector (RV.)(CDIAL 1573). Herdsman: ko_van- herdsman, king (ko_va n-iraimi_t.t.an-n- : Ci_vaka. 455); ko_valar herdsmen, men of the sylvan tract (kruntan. kan.n.i-k- ko_valar : Ain:kuru. 439); ko_varttan-ar, ko_vintar herdsmen (Ta.)(Ta.lex.). gopana_ protecting, protection, care, watchfulness; gopaka a guardian, watchman; go_pita protected, guarded, watched; gopeti to watch, guard (Pali.lex.) X go_pya to be taken care of (Ya_j.); guppa to be hidden (Pkt.); gum.pha hiding (Pkt.); goph cave, hole (K.); gupha_ cave (S.P.N.H.G.M.); hermit's cave (L.); guppha_ cave (L.WPah.); guph cave, ravine, pass; gopha_ cave (B.); gu~pha_ cave, sylvan retreat of a hermit (M.)(CDIAL 4204). cf. guha_ secretly (RV.)(CDIAL 4221). gona_, gowna_ to hide (H.); go_payati guards (S'a_n:khS'r.)(CDIAL 4291). Image: shepherdess: ko_vi < go_pi shepherdess (Tiv. Periyati. 2,1,4)(Ta.lex.) go_pita protected, hidden, concealed; go_pi a cowherd's wife, especially applied to the cowherdesses of vr.nda_vana, the companions of Kr.s.n.a's sports (Ka.lex.) go_pa_laka a cowherd; go_pa_li-han.a a kind of gold fanam (Ka.lex.) cf. ko_pa tending, herding (Kui)(DEDR 2218).

2087.Image: place for feeding cattle: kava_d.iga a man of the cowherd caste; kava_d.agatti a cowherdess; kava_d.igage_ri a street of cowherds (Ka.lex.) gaun.d.a_, gon.d.a_, go~r.a_ cowpen, sheepfold, cowherd station (H.); gova~_dru~, ga~_dru~, go~dru~; n. ga~_dro, go~dro village pasture, confines of a village (G.); va~_vadar, ga_vadri_ village precincts (M.)(CDIAL 4331). kavan.ai place for feeding cattle (Ta.); kavan.amu id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.) govada, govuda cowpen, cowshed (Si.); go_vraja cowpen (Mn.)(CDIAL 4332). gwa_r. cattle shed (Ku.); gawa_ri_, gowa_ri_, gua_ri_ cowhouse, dwelling house, family (H.); guva_r.o cowshed (Marw.); go_va_t.a hurdle for cattle (Hariv.); go_va_d.a (Pkt.); gu_wa_r station of herdsmen (K.); gua_r. temporary hut (WPah.)(CDIAL 4327). Richly manured land: gavyu_ti a pasture (RV.); go_yu_ti (Pa_n.. Va_rtt.)(CDIAL 4150). gor.a a field on high ground, in contras to loeon a low field and piri uplands, high ground (Mu.); gor.ha_ fields near a village (H.); gor.a-ar.a, gor.a-har.a collective noun for the cultivated clearances in the forest; gor.a-jonra the second earliest variety of Indian corn or maize, so called because it ripens at the same time as the gor.a baba, the coarser kind of rice growing on high ground (Mu.lex.) goe~r., goe~r.a_, go~r.ha_, gau~r.ha_ belt of land nearest homestead (Bi.); goe~r., goe~r.a_ richly manured land near houses (Mth.); gaun.d.a_, gon.d.a_ road to a village, field near a village (H.); go~ir. neighbourhood of a village (Brj.); gova~d., go~d. cow path (esp. over hill pasture), gathering spot of pasturing herds in the morning, cleft through a hill, lane in village between enclosures; gurdan.d. cattle track esp. over hill pasture (M.); gau~r.o path, short cut, narrow pass; gawan.d.a_ ditch (Pas'.)(CDIAL 4283). gohana track, path (OAw.); go_dhana cow station (R.); herd of cows (MBh.)(CDIAL 4285). gohari herd of cows (S.); gohar cattle path out of a village (P.)(CDIAL 4340). gavedhuka coix lachryma-jobi (Car. Su. 25.40). gave_d.u, gave_dhu, gave_dhuka_ a kind of grass eaten by cattle (Skt.lex.) Bull; cattle: ga_va ox (Pali); gava (NiDoc.); ga_a (Pkt.); ga_ (Gaw.Mai.); ga_u bull, bullock (H.)(CDIAL 4147). gava bullock (Si.); (in cmpd.) cow or bull (Skt.); cattle (Pkt.); gava_ cow (Pkt.); -gavi_- in cmpd.: e.g. stri_gavi_ milch-cow (Pa_n.. com.); gava- in cmpd. e.g. gava_ssa cows and horses (Pali); go horned reddish wild animal like a cow (WPah.); go_. bull (Tir.); go_ (Pas'.Tor.Sh.Bshk.); ga_ bull (Pas'.); gu_, pl. gu_wa (Phal.); gavum., gavam. (Pali); gau, gua (Pkt.); gau~ (S.L.); gau_ (P.Aw.H.); gau, gauwa_ f. (N.); gau cattle (Or.); gau bull (H.G.M.)(CDIAL 4093). gavaya bos gavaeus (RV.); gavaya species of ox (Pali); gavaya, gaua species of wild ox (Pkt.); gava, gahu_ bos gavaeus (M.)(CDIAL 4095). ga_o (g!) pertaining to cows (Kal.); ga_va_ adj. herd of cows (L.); ga_va_ ma_l property consisting of cows (L.)(CDIAL 4148). kavayam, kavayal bison, wild cow, bos gaveus; kavaya-ma_ (avaiya mit.t.an- kavaya-ma_) (Ce_tupu.Can:kara.19)(Ta.lex.) Cow: ga_vi_ cow (Skt.Pali.Pkt.); ga_i_ (Pkt.); ga_i (D..N.A.B.Bi.Mth.Aw.); ga^y (Bshk.); gah_u, ghe_yi_ pl. (Phal.); ga~_i (g!) (S.); ga~_, pl. ga~a_ (L.); ga_i_ (P.); ga_ (WPah.G.); goi~ pl. (WPah.); ga_i_ (Or.H.M.); ga_y (G.); ga_yi (Konkan.i); gawala cow (Pas'.); gavli_ affectionate term for a cow (M.); gaur.i_ cow (Garh.); ga_vr.i_ affectionate term (G.)(CDIAL 4147).

2088.Writer; settlement; guard: ka_viti ancient title bestowed on Ve_l.a_l.as by Pa_n.d.ya kings (Tol. Po. 30, Urai.); title conferred on Vais'ya ladies (Perun.. Ila_va_n.a. 3,144); minister (Tiva_.); accountant caste (Cu_t.a_.); collector of revenues (Ta.); ka_vitippuravu land bestowed upon the king's ministers (Nan-. 158, Mayilai.); ka_vitippu_ gold flower, the badge of the title ka_viti (Tol Er..ut. 154, Urai.); ka_vitimai accountant's work (S.I.I. ii,277)(Ta.lex.) ka_yastha, ka_yata a man belonging to the writer-caste; a tribe of bra_hman.as whose employment is writing (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) kat, kaitha the Hindu caste, kayasth (Santali.lex.)

2089.Lord, master: kha_vand, kha_vanda_ lord, master (Kon.lex.) ka_vantu, ka_pantu < kha_wand (U.) careful protection (Ta.lex.) cf. ka_val defence, protection, preservation, keeping (Man.i. 22,209); id. (Ma.); ka_vali id. (Te.); ka_val dominion of a king as protected by him (Pur-ana_. 5,6)(Ta.lex.) Image: guard: ka_hi, ka_yi a person who tends, watches or guards (Ka.); ka_haka a guard, a guardian; ka_hu, ka_pu preserving; protection; watching; guard; custody (Ka.lex.) Tax to preserve forests: -ka_val- : ari-p-padi-k-ka_val a levy (Ta.)(SII 12.IEG.) ka_d.-ka_val tax for the preservation and maintenance of forests (Ta.) (SITI.IEG.) ka_val-per.u name of a tax; ka_val-ka_ni the right to guard temples (Ta.)(SII 12. IEG.) Uproarious man: ga_vila (Tadbhava of gra_mi_n.a) a villager, a rustic; a rude man; a blockhead; the headman of a village; gra_man.i; ga_val.iga an uproarious man (Ka.); ga_vara, ga_val.i sound, noise, tone, outcry; ga_va, ga_ve (Tadbhava of gra_ma) village (Ka.lex.) kavate_ cries out (Dha_tup.); kavi_ti (Skt.); kauti, kuvate_ (Dha_tup.); kavai makes a noise (Pkt.); kua_van. to call, summon (L.); ku_n.a_ to speak, say (P.); k noise (L.); ku_ cry out (Skt.)(CDIAL 2962). ku_vutal to call out, whoop, halloo; to cry out for help (Kantapu. Maka_ka_l.ar. 6); to call, summon (Tiv. Periya_r... 1,4,5); ku_val crying aloud, bawling, crowing (Kampara_. Cat.a_yuvuyir. 31)(Ta.lex.) cf. kupan:khi crow (N.); kovarnis raven (Lith.); xa_wara_, kawaro_ crow (Pas'.)(CDIAL 3107). kuva_kya censorious speech (Skt.); kowk^u, kowoc^u abusive, foul-mouthed (K.)(CDIAL 3359). kava an imitative sound of angry language (Ka.); kavvai abusive language (Ta.); kavaca a loud sound, a proclamation; a kettle-drum (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) gavuji, gavuju noise; hubbub (Ka.); gavagava (Tu.M.); gavur, gavuru, gavuri a loud, shrill, harsh sound (Ka.); gaure (Te.); gavuru-ka_l.e a kind of harsh-sounding ka_l.e or bullock (Ka.); gaureka_l.elu (Te.); ga_varisu to sound, to make a noise (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) gava_ra, gama_ra rustic, clownish (Ka.); gam.va_ra (M.H.)(Ka.lex.)

2090. Head of a village: kavt.a_ head of a village (Ta.); ga_vad.a_ id. (M.)(Ta.lex.) kavun.t.an- a caste title of certain Tamil and Kanarese folk, as kon:kave_l.a_l.an-, an-uppan-, ka_ppiliyan-, pal.l.i, cempat.avan-, u_ra_l.i, ve_t.t.uvan-; gavud.a id. (Ka.); kavun.t.an- man of the lowest caste, can.d.a_l.a; kavun.iyan- one born in the kaun.d.inya go_tra (Pur-ana_. 166)(Ta.lex.) ka_ra_vara a man of a mixed and low caste, employed in working in leather and hide (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) gra_maku_t.a, gra_maku_t.aka chief of a village (of S'u_dra caste)(Skt.); ga_maku_t.a sycophant (Pali); ga_mau_d.a, ga_mad.a village headman (Pkt.); ga_vd.a_ village official (M.)(CDIAL 4369). gra_man.i_ leader of a troop (RV.); ga_man.i_, ga_man.ika village headman (Pali); ga_man.i_ (Pkt.); gmun.u nom. prop. (Si.)(CDIAL 4370). kira_man.i headman of a village; leader or chief (Ku_rmapu. A_tavar. 4); title of some sha_n.ar and kaikko_l.as (Ta.lex.) kira_mam village in an agricultural tract (Man.i. 13, 102-3); kira_ma-me_rai allowance of a portion of the crop to the village officers and servants (C.G.)(Ta.lex.) gra_mastha belonging to a village (Skt.); ga_mt.hi_ rustic (G.); ga_vt.ha_ (M.)(CDIAL 4373). gavud.a, gaud.a, gavad.a (a formation from ga_va = gra_ma) the (generally S'u_dra) chief officer of a village, (though occasionally not so powerful as the s'a_nabho_ga)(Ka.); ga_m.vad.a_ (M.); gavud.a a title of honour among peasants; a good caste of peasants (Ka.); gavud.i, gavud.iti (a rustic female); a female servant; gavud.ike the business of a gavud.a (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: dealer in glass bangles: kavar-ai Balija caste among the Telugus (Ta.); kavar-a a tribe trading with glass bracelets, baskets, etc. (Ma.); gavar-iga a man of the basket- and mat-maker caste (Ka.)(DEDR 1330). kampae a kind of basket loosely made of simply juxtaposed haulms or some kind of long grass (Mu.); kapae (Sadani)(Mu.lex.) cf. kavar-u dice (Ta.Ma.)(DEDR 1329). kaead, kead, ked abrus precatorius (Mu.lex.) kurve, kurvea_ basket (larger than kurpa_n.o)(Kon.lex.) lakhera_ one who gathers gum-lac (P.); lahera_ lac-bangle maker (Bi.)(CDIAL 11001). kham.d.ua bracelet (Pkt.); khat.u~_, khat.ve~ wrist ornament (M.); ornament worn on wrist or ankle (Skt.); khad.u_, khad.atu_ id. (Skt.); khad.d.uka_ id. (Skt.); khar.u_a_ wrist ornament (H.); khaluya anklet; khad.ua_ pearl (Pkt.); khar.u bracelet, anklet (Or.); kha_ru bracelet (A.); kha_ruwa_ large iron ring (A.)(CDIAL 3775). kha_ru bracelet (A.); khar.ura_ caste of bracelet-makers (Or.)(CDIAL 3776). Village: gra_ma troop, village (RV.); ga_ma, ga_maka village (Pali); ga_ma (As'.); grama (KharI.); gama (Dhp.); grame pl. (NiDoc.); ga_ma collection, village (Pkt.); gav village, town (Gypsy); ; glam village (Ash.); grom (Kt.); gem (Pr.); gram (Dm.); la_, la_ma, lo_m, dlo_m (Pas'.; la_m (Nin:g.Shum.); ga_m (Wot..); la_m (Gaw.); grom (Kal.); gram (in cmpds. and place names)(Kho.); la_m (Bshk.); ga_m (Tor.); ga~_ (Mai.); gao~ (Gau.); gra_m (Sv.); gro_m (Phal.); giro_m cowpen (Sh.); giram clan, village (Bur.); ga_m village; ga_o~ (Sh.) < kut.i_; ga_m village (K.); ga~_u (S.); gira~_ (L.); gra~_, gira~_, gira_u~ (P.); d.l.a_u~, gra~_, gira~_ field (WPah.); gyeu~ village; gra~o (WPah.); gau~, go~ (Ku.); ga_u~ (N.A.); ga~_ (B.Or.); ga~_w (Bi.); ga~_o, ga_m (Mth.); ga~_u (Bhoj.Aw.H.); ga~_v (Marw.); ga_m (G.); ga~_v, ga_v (M.); ga~_vu (Konkan.i); gama (Si.); gra_mat.ika_ wretched village (Skt.); ga_mad.a (Pkt.); ga_mr.u~ small village (G.)(CDIAL 5368). gra_ma_nta border of a village (S'Br.); gra_ma_nti_ya place near a village (Mn.); gra_ma_ntika (Skt.); ga_manta in cmpd. 'neighbourhood of a village'(Pali); ga_mam.tiya living on the edge of a village; n. border of a village (Pkt.); ga~_va~_di_ neighbour (L.); gaa~tia_, gatia_ village headman (Or.)(CDIAL 4375). ga_maddha part of a village (Pkt.); gava~_d.h, gava_d.h neighbourhood (L.); gava~_d.h (P.); goya_r.a_ vicinity of a village (Bhoj.); ga~_vdhe~ hamlet, business in another village (M.); gava~_d.hi_, gava~_va_d.hi_, gava_d.hin. neighbour (L.); gava~_d.hi_, gava~_dhan. (P.)(CDIAL 4376). gra_min surrounded by a village (TS.); villager (BhP.); gra_mika (Skt.); ga_mika governor of a village (Pali); ga_mia village headman, villager (Pkt.); gmi_ adj. of a village (K.); gira_i~_ villager (L.); gara_ya~_ (P.); gaya~_ fellow-villager (A.); ga~_i, ga~_iya_, ge~ye belonging to a village (B.); ga_mi_ owner of a village (G.); gmiya_ villager (Si.); gra_mya of the village (Pa_n..)(CDIAL 4377). kira_ma-c-celavu village contribution for the performance of public functions like festivals (M.M. 331)(Ta.lex.)

2091.Image: turning round: kaval.i a turning or whirling round (Ka.)(DEDR 1340). kavantam oil-press (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) cf. kavvam churning stick (Ta.); kavvamu (Te.); kavva-k-kun-r-u Mt. Mandara with which the gods churned the sea of milk (W.)(Ta.lex.) kavvamu churning stick (Te.); kava id. (Go.); kavam, kavvam churning stick (Ta.); kavar to churn (Ta.)(DEDR 1325). Image: churn: karappu churn, mattu (Ta.lex.) korn:ga a Hindu caste of wood turners (Santali.lex.) Image: churning-stick; agitation: kava-k-kun-r-u, kavva-k-kun-r-u Mt. Mandara with which the gods churned the sea of milk (Ta.lex.) kavar to churn (Ta.); kavvare, kavval.e, kauvare, ko_vari, kaval.i a turning or whirling round, agitation, confusion (Ka.); kapparamu agitation of mind, confusion (Te.); kappara-pad.u to be confused, agitated (Te.)(DEDR 1340).

2092.Perfume: gavulu, gavalu, gavul.u a fetid smell, as that of sweat or of oil on the body (Ka.); ko_la-dala a kind of perfume; Synonym: nakhi; takko_lada bon:ke resin of takko_la; ko_laka, kakko_laka a kind of perfume, gavalakacu_ra (a kind of bad-smelling kaco_ra)(Ka.lex.) gaja-bhaks.ye is a synonym of the tree boswellia serrata; tadiku the gum olibanum tree, boswellia thurifera; taduku id. (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) {It is probable that the construction: gaja-bhaks.ye was related to the synonym: gavulu kaco_ra = kakko_laka, ko_laka, berries from which a perfume is prepared}. Bdellium: kautika a fragrant gum, bdellium; kaus'ika bdellium; guggul.a; kaunti a sort of perfume; kunda olibanum, the resin of boswellia thurifera; one of Kube_ra's nine treasures (Ka.lex.) kavikam black dammar, resin; kukkilmarappicin- (Ta.lex.) kaus'ika bdellium (Skt.lex.) Incense: kapica, kapis'a incense, storax or coarse benzoin; agilu (Ka.); kapija, kapis'a (Skt.)(Ka.lex.) kapija, kapija-tailam storax or benzoin; kapija-lo_man a kind of perfume (Skt.lex.) Olibanum: kapi embilica officinalis, a species of the tree pongamia glabra, olibanum (Skt.); kapika_ vitex negundo (Skt.); kapila_ name of two plants (Pali); kaya_ edible pine cone (Pas'.)(CDIAL 2747). cf. kaya olive (Pas'.)(CDIAL 2747). Smell; a kind of perfume: kavul fetid odour; bad smell (Ta.); gavulu (Ka.); gaulu (Te.)(Ta.lex.) kavuru, kavut.u, kamaru, kavval the disagreeable, stifling smell arising from burnt oil, fish, raw meat, eggs, ulcers, ghee, hair etc. (Ka.); kamaru id. (Te.); kavar (Ma.); kapul, kavul (Ta.); gauru, gaulu, gaul.u (Te.); kavurid.u to create a bad smell; kavure_r.. a bad smell to arise (Ka.); kavacu, kaucu, kausu (Te.); kaviccu (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) kavul, kaul fetid odour, bad smell (Ta.); kavar, kaur offensive smell of the body (Ma.); kamat.u, kamut.u rankness, rancidity, fetid smell, esp. of dirty clothes; the disagreeable smell of burnt oil or ghee; kavut.u the disagreeable smell of burning oil, fish, raw meat, eggs, ulcers, etc.; kavuru, kavval a strong or bad smell; gavulu, gavalu, gavul.u a fetid smell, as that of sweat or of oil or the body (Ka.); kaun.t.u rancidity; rancid; kaun.t.uni, kaun.d.uni to become rancid; kaul.u odour, scent, smell, a kind of perfume, stench (Tu.); gaulu an offensive odour, stink or stench; kavucu, kaucu fish-smell, stench (Te.)(DEDR 1334). kapile a sort of perfume, re_n.ukabi_ja (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) cf. kapittam a plant that yields an odoriferous medicinal oil (Tailava.)(Ta.lex.) kapo_ta_n:ghri a kind of perfume (Skt.Ka.lex.) kapis'a incense, storax or coarse benzoin; cf. kapica = kapis'a; kapis'a, kapija (Skt.); agilu, incense, storax or coarse benzoin (Ka.lex.)

2093.Image: fish: kava_yi_, kavika_ the fish cojus cobojus (Skt.); ka_wai the fish anabus (A.); kai, kayi_, koi the climbing fish (B.); kai, kau the fish anabus scandens (Or.)(CDIAL 2959). Fisherman: kaivarta a fisherman (Skt.Ka.lex.) kaviccu stench of fish, of raw flesh, of rotten eggs (Ta.); kautsu (Te.); kavut.u (Ka.); kaviccu-k-kat.ai fish-stall (Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

2094.Image: pack-saddle: kavican-ai wrapper, envelope, cover, sheath (Ma_r-an-ala. 120,248, Urai.); saddle-pad, saddle; ce_n.am (Can. Aka.)(Ta.); kaviyan (Ma.); gavisena (Te.); kavucan-ai wrapper, envelope, cover (Or..ivi. Yo_kak. 8); saddle; kavucan-am piece of cloth just sifficien to cover man's privies; ko_van.am (Ta.); kavaca, kabaca armour, mail, a coat of mail; a jacket (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) kavdy saddle, cloth put on pack-animal's back under load (Ko.); kavanti, kavantikai quilted cover made of rags to keep off cold (Ta.); kavanti (Tiruva_ca. 40,1) (Ta.lex.); kavad.ike, kavad.u an ornamental, small stitched binding of a do_tra; such a binding between the extremity and the selvedge of a cumly (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) kavantikai (Tiruvicai. Karuvu_. Tirucca_t.. 3)(Ta.lex.) Image: quilt: cf. kavanti quilted cover made of rags to keep off cold (Tiruva_ca. 40,1)(Ta.lex.) Sheath: khopuva sheath, scabbard (Si.); khopnu to pierce (N.)(CDIAL 3937). kha_p layer (A.); cover (Mth.); sheath (H.)(CDIAL 3816). Image: saddle: kavdy saddle, cloth put on pack-animal's back under load (Ko.); kavadi, kavidi, kavudi quilted cover for the night, quilted rags used as a bed or as a saddle (Ka.)(DEDR 1324). kavul.ud.e a cushion, a pillow (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Bullock-load: kava_t.am a bullock-load of wood or grass or straw (Ta.); kaba_d.amu id. (Te.); kava_t.akka_ran- one who conveys burdens on bullocks (Ta.lex.) kaba_d.a, kava_d.a a bullock or horse-load of grass, wood etc. (Ka.M.Te.); kaba_d.i a person who brings and sells kaba_d.as (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Bundle; pack of betel leaves: kaval.i pack of betel leaves, its number varying in different places; bundlle, as of books (Ce_tupu. Ira_mati_r. 49; kaval.ikai id. (Ta.lex.) kavale, kavaled.u, kavalige (Te.Ka.) a pack of written leaves; palm leaves prepared for writing accounts (CITD.IEG.) kaval.ige, kaval.ika a quantity embraced: a pack or bundle of betel or plantain-leaves (Ka.); kaval.i_ (M.); kaval.ika a pack of written palm-leaves (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Bundle; double-handful: kavl.a_ quantity embraced, armful (M.); kauli_ armful, embrace (P.); armful, bundle of corn given to a village servant (H.); kapat.i_ measure equal to a double-handful (Skt.); kaval. loppings of bushes (M.); kapala part, half (S'a_n:khS'r.); kaula_ part of a wall between two doors (P.); side wall (H.)(CDIAL 2743).

2095.Image: monkey: kapi a monkey (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) kapittha_syah- a kind of monkey (Skt.lex.) kavi ape, monkey (Kampara_. Urukka_t.. 29)(Ta.lex.)

2096.Image: fist: kavittam hand with tightly closed fingers, fist (Kantapu. Ka_viri. 40); kavikai inverted palm of the hand, liberality, munificence, bounty (Pu. Ve. 9,29); kapittam a gesture with one hand in which the tips of the thumb and of the forefinger are closely joined while the other three fingers are held loose, one of 33 in.aiya_-vin-ai-k-kai (Cilap. 3,18, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)

2097.Feronia elephantum: kavat.h, kavam.t.h feronia elephantum (M.); kavit.u (S.); kat.hbel, kaith (H.); kai_t. (O.); kavitha, kavit.t.ha (Pkt.); kapittha (Skt.)(Block, p. 312). Wood-apple: kapittha the elephant or wood-apple tree, feronia elephantum (Ka.Skt.); bel.aval, bel.avalagid.a (Ka.lex.) kapittham fruit of the wood-apple tree (Skt.lex.) kapittam wood-apple (Pin..); a plant that yields an odoriferous medicinal oil, kot.t.ikkir..an:ku (Tailava.)(Ta.lex.)

2098.Image: headless trunk: kabandha, kavandha big barrel (RV.)(CDIAL 2758). kavantam < kabandha headless body (Ci_vaka. 2310)(Ta.lex.) banda body (Si.); kavanda headless trunk (Si.); kandh evil spirit without a head (A.) (< kau~dh?); kavandha headless (Pali); kabam.dha, kavam.dha, kayam.dha, kamam.dha, kapam.dha id. (Pkt.); kavandha headless trunk (R.); kabandha, kavandha belly (Nir.) [perh. with Austro-as. prefix connected with group of ban.d.a.](CDIAL 2758). [cf. ban.d.a maimed (in hands, feet or tail)(AV.)[Munda or Drav. origin]; van.t.a is poss. an IA.deformation of Indo.ir. vanta in Khot. vanda short; gwand (Dardic)[cf. kun.t.ha ~ Pers. kund) associated with similar Munda or Drav. words.](CDIAL 9124).

2099.Image: pole for carrying burdens: ka_vat.i pole for carrying burdens (Ta.); id. (Ma.); ka_vad.i id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.) Shoulder: khavaya shoulder (Pkt.); khava_ (Pkt.); khawa_ id., shoulder-blade (H.); khava_ shoulder-blade (M.); khavo shoulder (Konkan.i); kha_m (G.); khabho shoulder (G.)(CDIAL 3852). khambhu, khambho plumage; khambhur.i wing (S.); khabbh, khambh shoulder-blade, wing, feather; khamb wing; khambhar.a_ fin (L.); khambh wing, feather (P.); kha_m, khabho shoulder (G.)(CDIAL 13640). kappu shoulder (Tiv. Periya_r... 3,1,5)(Ta.lex.) Image: hunch-backed: khavva hunch-backed, dwarfish (Pkt.)(CDIAL 3832). ka_vad. bamboo for transport of loads on the shoulders (M.G.); ka_va_t.hi_ (S.); ka_m.var (H.); kamat.ha (Skt.)(Bloch, p. 315). khava_ articulation of shoulder (M.); khabho (G.); khava_ (P.H.); khavao skandhah- (OM.); ?kaphan.i elbow (Skt.)(Bloch, p. 321). To bend: kawge to curve, bend (Malt.); kawgre to be bent, stoop (Malt.); kawgro bent, curved (Malt.)(DEDR 1344). kaviⁿ-, (kaviⁿv-, kavⁿij-) to bend or lie face downwards (Kod..); kabbe, kabya topsy-turvy, upside down (Tu.); gap murung- to fall back (Go.); kap- to bend the head down (Kuwi); kavuru to capsize; kamur to be upside down (Ta.)(DEDR 1335). ko_t.i bend, curve (Tiruva_ru_. 134)(Ta.lex.) kabba_ left-hand (L.); kabb crookedness (P.); kabba_ crooked, perverse, obstinate (P.); ko_r left-hand (Bshk.); kavva_d.a right hand (Pkt.)(CDIAL 2995). Curved knife: ka_mpu-c-cattakam iron-handled curved knife, used in basket-making (Ta.lex.) cf. cattakam curved knife, small bill-hook; s'astraka (Skt.)(Ta.lex.)

2100.To cultivate a field from generation to generation: kami_-au to cultivate a field and hand it down from generation to generation in the same family (Mu.lex.)

2101.Land measure: kamma, kamba, kambha (Ka.< ?stambha, skambha) a land measure = 1/100 of a mattaru or nivartana.(IE 8-6.EI 12,19.IEG.) Grant of village for wife: kammattam zemindar's or inamdar's land which he cultivates with his own labourers; grant of a village for a wife's pocket expenses (M.M. 249)(Ta.lex.) kampatta-k-ka_ran- one who owns landed property (Ta.); kammatamu (Te.); kampattam agriculture, cultivation by the owner with his own stock; agricultural land (Ta.); kammatamu (Te.); kampal.am, kampal.atta_n- the Tot.t.iya caste; man of the Tot.t.iya caste (Ta.); kampal.ar men of the Tot.t.iya caste (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) kampat.i plot of land on the outskirts of a village set apart for growing bulrush millet (G.Tn.D. i,159)(Ta.lex.) Swampy ground: javal.u, javul.u, javugu, jo_gu swampy ground (Ka.); javuku, jauku to be marshy (Te.)(DEDR 2398). Inhabitants of an agricultural tract: kampalai agricultural tract (Ta.); kampal.ar inhabitants of an agricultural tract (Ta.); men of Tot.t.iya caste (Ta.lex.) kampal.atta_yi female demon worshipped by the Tot.t.iya caste; kampal.am the tot.t.iya caste (Tan-ippa_. i,339,51); kammava_r a Telugu agricultural caste (Ta.); kammava_ru id. (Te.); kama-t-tor..il tillage, cultivation; kamam cultivation, agriculture; field, farm (Ta.lex.) kampu-kat.t.i one who irrigates (Ce_kkir..a_r. Pu. 4)(Ta.lex.) kampan.a a district (Ka.); kampan.amu an administrative division (Te.): kampala, kampan.a an administrartive division (ASLV); kampan.a (IE 8-4.IEG.) a small territorial unit like a Pargana_. kampanah. (Skt. Mayrhofer)(DEDR 1237). kampal.ar inhabitants of an agricultural tract (Ta.)(DEDR 1237). ka_mpili, ka_mpiliyam name of an ancient kingdom in N. India (ka_mpili-k-ka_van-man-n-an- (Ci_vaka. 611); kampili a city in Northern India (Kalin.. 190, Putup.)(Ta.lex.) ka_mbiru coming from Ka_mbar, epithet of a particular kind of rice; ka_mbar a town in Ca_ndika_ (S.); kampilla a town in Punjab (Pkt.); ka_mpi_la name of a town (VS.); ka_mpilya a city of Paca_las (MBh.); ka_mpilla a country in the NW of India (Skt.)(CDIAL 3047). Peasant: ka_p Parja (i.e. speaker of Parji)(Go.); ka~_pu a cultivator, farmer; pertaining to the farmer, rustic (Te.); ka~_pata, ka~_pudi a peasant woman (Te.); ka~_pu~danamu the peasantry (Te.); ka~_puramu residence, abode, domicile (Te.); ka_ppiliyar [cf.ka_mpiliya] a caste of Kanarese cultivators, found chiefly in Madura and Tinnevelly districts, using the title kavan.d.an (Ta.lex.) ka_pu a cultivator, farmer; pertaining to the farmer, rustic (Te.); ka_p Parja (i.e.speaker of Parji)(Go.); ga_mpa, ga_n.pa a rustic; a simpleton, vulgar or vile man (Ka.)(DEDR 1456). Fisherman; toddy-drawer: kabbila huntsman, fowler, rustic; kabbiliga, kabbeya boatman, fisherman (Ka.); kabbili toddy-drawer; gamal.l.ava~_d.u man of the toddy-drawer caste; gavun.d.lava~_d.u a toddy-drawer (Te.)(DEDR 1227). Agriculture: kamam cultivation, agriculture; field, farm (Ta.); cf. karman (Skt.); kamampulam lands and fields (Ta.); kamava_ram share of the produce of land given in return for agricultural implements loaned for its cultivation (Ta.lex.) kaman, khamna forest; kamna t.a_li nilgai (Go.); kaman forest (Pe.); kaman. id. (Mand..); kambor.i, kamboni forest, jungle (Kui); kamn.a park, grove; forest (Kuwi); kambare uncultivated ground (Malt.)(DEDR 1228). ka_maru_a name of a people in West Assam (Pkt.); ka_maru_pa (Skt.); ka_m.varu_ (OB.); ka_n.ura (MB.); ka_u~ri (Or.); kawa~ru_ (Bhoj.); ka_m.varu_ name of a country famous for its magic: pop. etym. from ka_maru_pa assuming any shape at will (MBh.)(CDIAL 3043). Female demon: kampalai-ma_ri female demon worshipped especially by Veddahs; termagant, scold (Ta.lex.) cf. gumma bugbear, devil (Ka.); gumm id. (Tu.); ku_s'ma, ku_s.ma n. of an imp or goblin (Skt.)(DEDR 1758).

2102.Image: pillar, post: kampam < khamba (Pkt.) post, pillar; lamp-stand, candlestick; kampu pole for measuring wet lands = 2ft. + 1 span (Ta.lex.) kampu post for tying elephants; stake (Te_va_. 1092,4); kambu id. (Te.); kampu pole, rod, stick (I_t.u, 4,1, Pra.); pole for measuring wet lands = 2 ft. + 1 span (Ta.lex.) kha~_bn.i_ small post (M.); kha_mn.iyu~ one of the ropes with which the bucket is let down in a well (i.e. from the post?)(G.); khaman.a pit, hole, water-channel, lowland at foot of mountain (Or.); kha_mn.u~ small depression to stand round-bottomed vessel in, basin at root of a tree for water (G.)(CDIAL 13644). iskow peg (Kal.Kho.)(CDIAL 13638). skambha prop, pillar (RV.); khambha prop (Pali); kham.bha post, pillar (Pkt.); is'kyop, us'kob bridge (Pr.); khabba_, khambba_ stake forming fulcrum for oar (L.); khambh, khambha_, khammha_ wooden prop, post (P.); kham a part of the yoke of a plough (WPah.); kha_mba_ beam, pier (WPah.); pillar, post (B.); kha_mo a support (Ku.); kha_m pillar (of wood or bricks)(Ku.); post, stake (B.); post, pillar, mast (H.); pillar (G.); kha_ma_ post of brick-crushing machine (Bi.); kha~_bo pillar, post (N.); kha_mhi_ support of betel-cage roof (Bi.); khamhiya_ wooden pillar supporting roof (Bi.); kha_mh, kha_mhi_ pillar, post (Mth.); khamha_ rudder-post (Mth.); khambha_ pillar (Bhoj.OAw,); khambhiya_ prop (Bhoj.); kha_m.bhe pillars (OAw.); khambh pillar, pole (H.); kha~_bhⁱ, kha~_bⁱ post (G.); kha~_b (M.); kha_mbho, kha_mbo (Konkan.i); kap (Si.)(CDIAL 13639). X stha_n.u obstacle, stump (RV.); tree-root, lopped tree (AV.); kha_n.u post, stump, lopped tree (Pkt.); khan.n.u, khan.n.ua small post, peg (Pkt.); kan.u pillar (OSi.); kanu-va post, pile (Si.); t.ha_n.u lopped tree, post (Pkt.); t.ha_nu clump of bamboos (N.); tha_n.u stump of tree, pollard (Or.)(CDIAL 13750). kamha_r., kamhar., kamhan.d.a_ wooden frame suspended from roof which drives home the thread in a loom (Bi.)(CDIAL 13642). cf. sthu_n.a_ post, pillar (RV.)(CDIAL 13774). kam < ka water; pukat.t.utal to insert, introduce; to infuse, instil; to feed; to pour down the throat, as milk (Pirapulin.. Tuti. 11); pukut.i backwater, estuary; gate, doorway (Ta.lex.) One who irrigates: kampukat.t.i prob. kam + pukat.t.u one who irrigates (Kat.al varun.an kampukat.t.i : Ce_kkir..a_r. Pu. 4); pukat.utal to throw (Kampara_. Na_kapa_ca. 146); pukat.u ridge of an oven (Ta.lex.); pukar tawny coloured cow or bull (Kalit. 105); tawny colour (Ta.); id. (Ma.); pogaru id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.) puku to attain, enter, reach (Kur-al., 346)(Ta.lex.) cf. kampat.i plot of land on the outskirts of a village set apart for growing bulrush millet (G.Tn.D. i,159)(Ta.lex.) cf. kam < karman act, operation, employment (Tol. Er..ut. 328); smith's work (Nan-. 223, Virut.)(Ta.lex.)

2103.Work: kami diligence at one's work (Mu.); ka_m work (H.)(Mu.lex.)

2104.Workshop: kamhala workshop (Si.); kammala smithy (Si.); kammasa_la_ (Pkt.); karmas'a_la_ workshop (MBh.)(CDIAL 2896). cf. karuman-, karumakan- blacksmith (Ta.lex.) Blacksmith; labourer: kamarsa_ri_ smithy (Mth.); kamarsa_yar id. (Bi.)(CDIAL 2899). karuman- blacksmith (Ta.); karu-makan- id. (Kampara_. Pampa_. 37)(Ta.lex.) karma_ra blacksmith (RV.); kamma_ra worker in metal (Pali); kamma_ra, kamma_raya blacksmith (Pkt.); kama_r (A.); ka_ma_r (B.); kama_ra blacksmith, caste of non-Aryans, caste of fishermen (Or.); kama_r blacksmith (Mth.); kam.bura_ (Si.)(CDIAL 2898). karmakr.t performing work, skilful in work (AV.); one who has done any work (Pa_n..); workman (Skt.); kam.bul.a doing menial work (Si.)(CDIAL 2891). karmaka_ra doing work without wages (Ka_s'.); karmaka_raka one who does any work (Pa_n..); kammaka_ra hired labourer, workman (Pali); kammaga_ra servant (Pkt.); kamma_riya_ female servant or slave (Pkt.); ka_mar slave (Sv.); kama_ra_ servant (L.); kama_ro slave (Ku.N.)(CDIAL 2888). karmakara workman, hired labourer (MBh.); kammakara (Pali); kammayara servant (Pkt.); kamera_ hired labourer (H.); kam.buranava_ to serve as a menial or slave (Si.)(CDIAL 2887). karmaka_ra_payati causes to work as a servant (Skt.); kama_ra_in.u to cause to work (S.)(CDIAL 2889). ka_rma active, laborious (Pa_n..); kamma connected with work (Pkt.); ka_m^u, ka_mo slave (K.); ka_mma~_, ka_ma_ farm servant (P.); ka_ma_, ka_mo servant (WPah.)(CDIAL 3074). ka_rmika engaged in action, name of a partic. Buddhist sect (Ya_j.); Public officer: ka_mi_ public officer (S.); servant (WPah.)(CDIAL 3076). Work: karman act, work (RV.); kamma (Pali); kramam., kramane, kam.ma (As'.); kama (NiDoc.Si.); kamman, kamma, kamma_ (Pkt.); kam work, esp. smith's work (Gypsy); ga_m (Shum.Gaw.Bshk.); kam (Wot..K.); krum (Kal.); korum (obl. kormo)(Kho.); kam work, thing, booty (Gypsy); ka_m (Mai.Tor.Ku.); id. (N.A.B.Mth.Bhoj. H.Marw.G.M.); k^eram (Sv.); krom (Sh.D..); kom (Sh.); kom^u (K.); kamu (S.); kamm (L.P.WPah.); ka_ma (Or.Konkan.i); ka_m^u (Aw.); ka_mu~ an office, administration (G.); krem, kam, klem (Ash.); s.lam (Ash.Wg.); kram (Dm.Tir.Phal.); la_m, s.am, kur.u_m, ga_m, plo_m (Pas'.)(CDIAL 2892). Fatigue: s'rama labour (RV.); fatigue (S'Br.AV.); sama fatigue (Pali); samam. energy (As'.); sama fatigue, effort (Pkt.); seu~ worry (WPah.); mehe-ya, me_-ya work, service (Si.)(CDIAL 12683). sammati is weary (Pali); s'ramyati is tired (RV.); sammai (Pkt.); s'amu_na to become tired (D..); s.omoiki, s.omo_nu (Sh.)(CDIAL 12693). santa tired (Pali); s'ranta wearied (RV.); sam.ta (Pkt.); s'a_ndn.u to tire (WPah.)(CDIAL 12692). Labourer: ka_mat.h, ka_mi_t. busy, diligent (M.); karmis.t.ha very active (Skt.)(CDIAL 2901). kama_t.hi_, kamet.hi_ beating (P.)(CDIAL 2890). ka_ma_t.t.i labourer, one who works with a hoe, digger of earth (Ta.Ma.); ka_ma_t.i (Te.Ka.); ka_ma_t.e (Tu.); ka_ma_t.hi (M.)(Ta.lex.) kamaveti causes to work, works (NiDoc.); kamma_ve_i earns, works (Pkt.); kama~_wun to work, earn, smelt (metal)(K.); kama_in.u to work, earn, slaughter (S.); kama_van. to work, earn (L.); kama_un.a_ (P.); kuma_n.a_ (WPah.); kamu_n.o to work, cultivate (Ku.); kama_unu (N.); ka_ma_na to earn, shave (B.)[cf. kammai does barber's work (Pkt.); kramoi_ki to use, employ, spend (Sh.)(CDIAL 2894)]; kama_iba to work, earn (Or.); kama_eb to serve, weed (a field)(Mth.); kama_vai earns (OAw.); kama_na_ (H.); kama_vvu~ to help to earn (G.); kama_vu~ to earn (G.); kama_vin.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 2897). kramo_nu hardworking; labourer, farmer (Sh.); kamun.a artisan (Si.)(CDIAL 2893). kra_mi_n low-caste labourer such as a D.om (Sh.); karmi_n.a competent (S'Br.); kami_n. labourer (man or woman)(WPah.); ka_min.a_ labourer (MB.)(CDIAL 2902). kammika overseer (Pali) kammi, kammia industrious; evildoer (Pkt.); i_yema blacksmith (Pr.); i_ma slave (Pr.); kami_ labourer (S.); kammi_ village labourer, menial (L.P.); ka_mi blacksmith (N.); ka_mi_ day labourer (Or.); industrious (H.M.); ka_mia_ servant who works in repayment of interes on money borrowed by his master (Or.); kamiya~_ agricultural labourer who works on advances (Bi.); ka_miya_ labourer (H.); kami artificer (OSi.); kamiya_ worker (Si.); ka_min.i female labourer (Or.); kamyul^u farm labourer who lives in (K.); kamilo ant (N.); kamila_ useful (A.)(CDIAL 2900).

2105. Straining through cloth: kapr.aut.i_ straining through cloth (H.); a few folds of cloth (P.)(CDIAL 2873). Menstrual flow: kappr.a_ menstrual flow (P.)(CDIAL 2871). Coarse red cloth: kha_rva_ coarse red cloth (P.); kharuwa_ a coarse cloth (N.); kha_ruwa_ coarse red cotton cloth (A.); kha_ruya_ (B.); kha_ru_a_ (Or.); coarse red cloth (H.); kha_rua~_ (Bi.); kharua_ grey cloth (Bhoj.); kha_rwa_ coarse red cloth (H.); kha_rvu~ red cloth (G.); kha_rui_ garment worn by widows (G.); kha_rva_ coarse red cloth (M.); kha_rve~ loin-cloth made of it (M.)(CDIAL 3877). ka.yv sannya_isi's dress of orange cloth (Ko.); ka_vi cloth dyed with red ochre (Ka.); a reddish cloth (Te.); red ochre (Ta.Ma.Ka.Tu.); red (Tu.); colour of red chalk, reddishness (Te.); ka_vir-a_yi red chalk, reddle (Te.); gavarana redness (Te.)(DEDR 1490). Ascetic: ka_rpat.ika pilgrim (Skt.); kappad.ia beggar (Pkt.); ka_pir.i_ one of a caste of faqirs (S.); ka_pr.i_ a faqir on pilgrimage to Hi_ngla_j (P.); ka_par.i ragged beggar (Or.); ka_pr.i_, ka_pr.iyo ascetic (G.); ka_pd.i_ one of a class of mendicants (M.)(CDIAL 3071). {The semantic content of the element: pu_s-, pa_s- (in some forms with -s'-) in these compounded etyma provides a clue to a constituent morpheme providing the sense of: 'light green`. The initial element kar- is related to the kar- in: karpat.a- cloth (CDIAL 2871)}. Soiled: kappad.e dirty (Tu.); qape to touch filth, be soiled (Malt.)(DEDR 1217). Cloth: karpat.a patched garment, rag (Pacat.); kappat.a dirty torn rag (Pali); kappad.a old garment, garment, cloth (Pkt.); kapar-mat.t.i clay and cowdung smeared on a crucible (N.); kapr.a_ cloth, clothes (H.L.); kapar.u coarse cloth (S.); kapur cotton cloth (K.); kapr.u cloth (WPah.); ka_pro piece, bit (Ku.); ka_par, ka_por cloth, garment (A.); ka_par. (B.); ka_par.a_ (Or.); ka_para clothes (OAw.); kapr.o garment (Marw.); ka_par. cloth (G.); ka_pr.u~ bodice (G.); ka_pad. cloth (M.); ka_ppad.a (Konkan.i); ka_pur.iya_, ka_pur.e clothseller (B.); kapr.iyo id. (G.); ka_par.i_, ka_pur.ia_ (Or.)(CDIAL 2871). kapr.a~_dh smell of burnt cloth (P.); kapr.ahand (H.)(CDIAL 2872). Clothing: kappat.am < karpat.a clothing in rags, tatters; te_vaca_ti kappat.an. kat.t.i-k- kon.t.u cella (I_t.u, 6,4,5); cloth for wear; araiyir- ku_t.t.uma-k- kappat.am (Patin-o. Nampiya_n.. Tirutton.. 80)(Ta.lex.) Rag; parched garment: karpat.a parched garment, rag (Skt.)[< Austro-as. prefixed form of pat.a- of which -pa_sa- in karpa_sa is dial. form J. Przyluski] (CDIAL 2871). ka_rpa_si_ gossypium barbadens (Car. Ci. 7.96); the cotton plant; karpa_sa, karpa_si_ id. (Skt.lex.) cf. karpa_sa the cotton plant gossypium herbaceum (Sus'r.); cotton (Skt.); kappa_sa the silk-cotton tree; cotton; kappa_sa-at.t.hi a cotton seed; kappa_sa-pat.ala the film of the cotton seed; kappa_sa-picu cotton; kappa_sa-maya made of cotton; kappa_sika made of cotton; cotton stuff (Pali); kappa_sa-pan.n.a the leaf of the cotton tree, used medicinally; kappa_sa-sukhuma fine, delicate cotton stuff; kappa_si_ cotton (Pali.lex.) Raw cotton: kappa_cu prob. karpa_sa raw cotton (G.Tn.D.i,161)(Ta.lex.) kadsom, kasom, katsom, karsom, kaskom, kaksom gossypium herbaceum, the cotton shrub; to raise and gather a large or small crop of cotton (Mu.); kabsi (Oraon)(Mu.lex.) Coat: kuppa_cam coat, bodice, jacket (Ta.); kuppa_yam jacket, gown, robe (Ma.); kupa-cm (kupa.ct-) coat, men's special dancing dress with full skirt (Ko.); kuposm (kupost-) coat (To.); kuppasa, kub(b)asa, kubusa jacket (Ka.); kuppia Coorg man's coat (Kod..); kuppasa petticoat, bodice (Tu.); kup(p)asamu, kubusamu, ku_samu half-jacket, woman's bodice (Te.); kubasam bodice (Kol.); kubas'am id. (Nk.); ku_rpasa cuiras, quilted jacket worn as armour; ku_rpa_saka bodice, jacket (worn esp. by women), cuirass, corselet (Skt.); kuppa_sa, kuppisa id. (Pkt.)(DBIA.106). kuppa_camit.t.u-k-kur-ukke_ kavacamit.t.u (Tamir..na_. 192). kuppa_cam slough, cast-off skin of sepent (Ta.lex.); ven:ka n.o_-k-kir- kuppa_ya mile_ccan-ai (Ci_vaka. 431)(Ta.lex.)[Perhaps, ku_rpasa is a transform of ka_rpa_sa made of cotton influenced by: < kappu to cover (Ta.)(DED 1221) X ku_rca bunch, bundle of grass (TS.); ku~_c weaver's brush (H.)(CDIAL 3408)].

2106.Army: kampana, kampa_na (IE 8-3.IEG.) the army (in ancient Kashmir); kampan-a_dhipati (HD) commander-in-chief (in ancient Kashmir); same as kampanapati, kampanes'a, kampan-odgra_haka etc. (Ra_jatarangin.i_, V.447; VII.1362, 1366.) kavan-am war; army; perplexity, bewilderment; heat (Ta.lex.) cf. kadana (Skt.)

2107.Handle of tool: ka.v handle (Ko.); ko.f handle of tool (To.); ka_ma stem, stalk, handle (of axe, hoe, umbrella, etc.), shaft (Te.); ka_n butt of axe (Ga.); ka_me_ stalk of a spoon; ka_me handle of ladle (Go.); kamba, ka_mba handle (Kuwi)(DEDR 1454). ka_mpu bamboo (Ta.Ma.); ke.mbi (Kod..)(DEDR 1455). kamma-k-kut.am pot made by a smith (Nan-. 222, Mayilai.)(Ta.lex.)

2108.Image: conch-shell: kampu conch-shell (Iraku. Ilavan.a. 75); kampul. id. (Ta.lex.)

2109.Image: vibration, shaking, trembling: kampam < kampa vibration, shaking, motion (Man.i. 17,63); kampitam quivering, quaking, trembling, shaking (Tiruva_ta. Pu. Man.cumanta. 56)(Ta.lex.) kampan-am motion, vibration, shaking; quaking, trembling with fear (Ka_cippu. Tar..uvak.); kampalai trembling, quivering, quaking; uproar, tumult, quarrelling; kampittal to shake, toss (Kampara_. Paracura_map. 8); to tremble, quake (Tiruva_ca. 4,61); to shake, vibrate (Pirapo_ta. 23,12) (Ta.lex.) kampa tremor (MBh.); kam.pa tremor (Pkt.); ka_m trembling (N.); kampa_ id. (Or.); ka~_p (H.); shivering (G.M.)(CDIAL 2765). kampaka trembling (Pali)(CDIAL 2766). kampate_ trembles, shivers (MBh.); kampati (Pali); kam.pai (Pkt.); ka~_p (Dm.); kambu_m I shiver (Phal.); kamun (K.); kamban.u (S.); kamban. (L.); kambn.a_ to shiver (P.); ka_mn.o (Ku.); ka_mnu (N.); ka~piba (A.); ka~_pa_ (B.); kampiba_ (Or.); ka~_pal (Bhoj.); ka~_pab (Mth.Aw.); ka~_pna_, ka_pna_ (H.); ka~_pvu~ (G.); ka~_pn.e~ (M.); kapuma trembling (Si.); kam.pa_ve_i makes tremble (Pkt.); kamba_un.a_ (P.); kama_unu (N.); ka~pa_iba_ (Or.); kampa_iba (A.); kapa_eb (Mth.); ka~pa_na_ (H.); kapavuma trembling (Si.)(CDIAL 2767). kampana trembling (Sus'r.); tremor, earthquake (Pali); kam.pan.a trembling (Pkt.); kambin.i_ (S.); kambr.i~_ (L.); kamn.a~_ (L.); ka~pani (A.); ka~_pan, ka~_pani (B.); ka~_pan (Mth.)(CDIAL 2768). kampra trembling (Pa_n..); agile (Skt.); kam.pira trembling (Pkt.); ka~_pra_ given to trembling (M.); ka~_pra_, ka~_pre~ trembling (M.)(CDIAL 2769). kampa-va_tam shaking palsy, paralysis agitons (Ta.lex.) tun.ukkam trembling, palpitation of the heart through fear (Kampara_. U_rte_t.u. 97); vibration; tun.un:ku-tal to fear (Ta.lex.)

2110.Cultivator's contract: gapa a particular contract by which a cultivator having but one bullock or buffalo, obtains from another the loan of a pair to his own animal on condition that he ploughs the field of that other one day after having ploughed his own 2 days (Mu.lex.)

2111.Landlord's share: kuppattam Mirasdar's share of the produce or yield (C.G.); kuppattamu id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.) Tribute: koppo, kappo, koppea_ tribute (Kon.lex.) kappiya suitable (Pali.Pkt.); Tribute: kapa suitable (esp. for offering to god or demon), an offering (Si.)(CDIAL 2945). kappa (EI 33. IEG.) (Ka.Ta.Te.Ka.) same as Skt. s'ulka or kara; periodical and customary payments by persons engaged in some professions. kappam tribute (Ta.); tribute, taxes (Ma.); kappa tribute (Ka.); id., an offering (Tu.); kappu tribute (Ka.); kappamu tribute, tax, subsidy (Te.); kappa tribute, tax, ransom (Apabhram.s'a)(DEDR 1218).

2112.Land tenure: kabu_l, kabu_la agreeing to; consent (Ka.); kabula (M.H.); kabu_la_ti an agreement, written or oral (Ka.); kabula_ta, kabula_yata (M.H.)(Ka.lex.) cf. kampalai agricultural tract (Ta.)(DEDR 1237). cf. kappa, kappu tribute (Ka.Te.); id. (Ta.Ma.Tu.); kappa a ring of gold or silver-wire for the wrist or foot, worn as an ornament or as the sign of a vow (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) kavul favourable tenure of land; agreement whereby land is held for rent either perpetually or for a term of years (G.Sm.D. ii,22); qaul (U.); kavul-ta_r ryot holding lands on kavul; kavul-na_ma_ written agreement showing terms on which a land is held; kavul-va_n:kutal to take waste lands for rent either perpetually or for a term of years (Ta.lex.)

2113.Acceptance of a proposal: kabul, humani acceptance of a proposal, acknowledgement, affirmation; ka-p-abul to accept each other's proposal, to acknowledge each other; kabul-o to be accepted or acknowledged (Mu.lex.)

2114.Image: person with bent body: kabur.-kabur., kabur.u-kabur.u adj. with horo a man who has the habit of walking jerkily with bent body; to walk or run jerkily on all fours or with bent body (Mu.lex.)

2115.Daily provisions: ko_ppu daily provisions allowed by kings to their officers (J.)(Ta.lex.) Junket: komu junket (Si.); kumma_sa junket (Pali); grain such as beans slightly wetted (Pkt.); kulma_s.a half-ripe barley (ChUp.); sour gruel of fruit juice or rice (Sus'r.)(CDIAL 3349). Bulrush millet: kampu, kapu a sheathed flowering or fruiting spike as that of jondra, maize and keoraba_ (Mu.lex.) cf. kampu bulrush millet; Italian millet (Ta.lex.)[Semant. kampu, kompu branch of a tree; kampam-pul stalk grass, bulrush millet, panicum grossarium (Ta.lex.)] kommai a variety of kambu, sown in Purat.t.a_ci and harvested in Ma_rkar..i (G.Sm.D.I. i,219); thin and immature grain in the husk, chaff; kumma_yam well-boiled dhal (Man.i. 27,185); lime, mortar (Ta.Ma.)(Ta.lex.) cf. kamp-ari holcus spicatus (Ma.); kampu, kampam-pul bulrush millet, Italian millet (Ta.); kampu id. (Ma.); kampam a grain (Ma.); kambu holcus spicatus (Ka.Tu.); kambu_ = kuruvinda (Skt.)[pennisetum typhoideum = panicum spicatum = holcus spicatus](DEDR 1242). kumpa_l.ai a paddy growing solely with the help of rain (G.Tj.D. 95); kampacampa_ a kind of paddy resembling bulrush millet; kampan:ko_rai bulrush, typha elephantina (Ta.); kamapan:kal.i porridge made of the flour of bulrush millet; kamparici husked grain of bulrush millet (Ta.lex.)

2116.Scent: kub, in: ku(b) bat-- (two calves) take on the smell (from a mixture of scented plants in mud)[cf. pat-- to catch (To.)(DEDR 4034)]; kumpi slough or mire emitting stinking smell (Ta.); gumma stench, stinking (Tu.); gummi mire, deep mud (Te.)(DEDR 1748). To rub: ho_mb- to rub, stroke (Kui); hombali, ho_mbinai to scour, scrub (Kuwi)(DEDR 2879). Fragrance: kumbha a fragrant resin, guggulu, dhu_pada gid.a; kumbhaka stopping the breath by shutting the mouth and closing both nostrils with the fingers of the right hand; kumba-sa_ka a vapour bath: sitting well wrapt up over a chafing dish (Ka.Te.)(Ka.lex.) kumbham a fragrant resin, guggula (Skt.lex.) kumbhin a sort of fragrant resin, guggula (Skt.lex.) kumpakam < kumbha, kumbhaka (Yoga phil.) retention, holding in of breath, suspension of breath, a part of pira_n.a_ya_mam (Tiruman. 468); kumpi mud, mire or slough emitting stinking smell (Pin..); gummi id. (Te.); kumpi hot ashes (Ta.); kummu (Te.)(Ta.lex.) kumpu-tal to become overburnt, charred, smoked, as food when boiled with insufficient water (Ta.lex.) kumba synonym of dhu_pada gid.a, guggil.ada gid.a or incense tree or guggulu tree; dhu_pa, du_pa incense, frankincense, perfume; aromatic vapour or smoke that proceeds from fragrant gum or resin (Ka. Skt.) (Ka.lex.) guma guma anu, guma-guma_yisu to send forth a fragrant odour (Ka.); gumaguma fragrance, fragrantly; guma_yincu to spread, as an agreeable odour; guba_l.incu to emit fragrance, spread as fragrance; gubulu fragrance; gubbulu-konu to spread as fragrance, emit fragrance (Te.)(DEDR 1247b). Fragrance: kamm-en-al emitting of fragrance; kamakama (-pp-, -tt-) to be very fragrant; kamakamav-en-al fragrant smell; kamar.. (-v, -nt-) to emit fragrance (Ta.); gaml good smell (of food, incense); gamgam in- to be fragrant (Ko.); kamma, kampu bad smell, a pleasant smell, fragrance; n. fragrance; kampisu to be odoriferous; kammage, kammane fragrantly; fragrance; gama a term expressive of diffusedness and strength of a fragrance; gamana odour, fragrance; gampu fragrance; gabbu, garbu bad smell (Ka.); gamana smell (Kod..); kammena, kamyana smell, fragrance; gammu good or bad smell; gamagama fragrance, odour; gamasu id.; stink, stench; gamasuni to smell, scent, stink; gama_yisuni to be fragrant, odoriferous (Tu.); kampu smell, odour, stink; stinking, fetid; kamma sweet, delicious, pleasant (in taste or odour); kammana, kamma_tanamu deliciousness of taste or odour, sweetness; kammani delicious, sweet, pleasant; gabbu stink, stench; gamagama sweetly, fragrantly (Te.); kam, kamp a smell (Kol.); kap smell, odour (Nk.); kampu bad smell (Ga.); gabbu stink (Go.); kampu, kapu smell (Kond.a); gamgamrna_ (flowers) send forth a pleasant scent; gamgam-amba'ana_ to perfume, impregnate with a sweet odour; gamak smell, scent (< IA); gamka_rna_ to give forth a smell (pleasant or otherwise)(< IA)(Kur.); gamak fragrance (H.)(DEDR 1247a). cf. kamar-u (kamar-i-) to feel a pungent sensation as that produced by chillies on the fire (Ta.)(DEDR 1231). kammuval.a that is full of perfume: wind; kampuga_ti a woman who has a fragrant smell; kammuvad.e to get fragrance; kammitu, kammittu that which is fragrant; fragrance; kammida a fragrant man; kammidal. a fragrant woman; kammu breath to be fragrant; kammu a delicate smell, fragrance; kammagagre a species of basil with small leaves, ocymum sanctum; kammalar a fragrant flower; kammage fragrantly; deliciously; fragrance (Ka.); ghamaghama a term expressive of diffusedness and strength of fragrance (M.); gamagamana_r-u to smell strongly and sweetly (Ka.); guma fragrance (Ka.); gume gume fragrantly (Te.); gumaguma_yisu to send forth a fragrant odour (Ka.lex.)

2117.Aromatic: kumbhi the plant kat.phala (Ka.lex.) cf. kat.phala a small tree found in the north-west of India, the bark and seeds of which are used in medicine, and as aromatics; the fruit also is eaten; the common name is ka_yaphal; kir-iya sivani_, kir-iya si_vanni id. (Ka.lex.) sivanni = sivahonni, si_vanni the tree gmelina asiatica (Ka.lex.) si_vanni, sivanni, sivahonni, si_vani, si_vane (Tadbhava of s'ri_parn.i) gambha_ri, sarvato_bhadre, ka_s'mari, madhuparn.ike, bhadraparn.i, ka_s'marya, kumudike, kumbhi, kait.arya (Ka.lex.) Gmelina arborea: gambhari, kr.s.n.a vrindaka, shriparni, kasmari (Skt.); gambhara, kambhar, gumbhar, kambari (H.); gamari, gaenari, gumar, gumbar (B.); shevan (G.); shivanasal (M.); kumhar, gumhar (P.); gumar-tek, pedda-gomru (Te.); gumuadu-teku, gumadi (Ta.); kumbula (Ma.); kashmiri-mara, shivanni-gida (Ka.); kasmar (Santal); yamanai (Burm.); habitat: the lower Himalayas, the Nilgiris, the East and West coast of India; parts used: root, bark, fruit and leaves; root is an ingredient of the dasamula of the vaidyas. Gmelina asiatica or gmelina parviflora: biddari (Skt.); badhara (H.); lahan-shivan (M.); nilakkimnizh, nila-cumal (Ta.); challagumudu, shirigumudu (Te.); kumatha (Ka.); sivni (Konkan.i); gatta-demata (Si.); a species met with in Travancore and Coromandel coast, fairly common near Madras and Guindy; used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, dyrusia and catarrh of the bladder (Indian Materia Medica, pp. 584-586).

2118.Resinous juice of a tree: kumbhala_ the plant sphaeranthus hirtus (the flowers of which are compared with those of nauclea cadamba)(Skt.); kumbal.u the tree ailantus malabarica (Si.)(CDIAL 3313). cf. -pa_l suffix in: mat.t.i-ppa_l, mat.t.i-ppa_lai ailantus malabarica (Ta.); mad.d.i id. (Ka.); mad.d.i-pa_lu the resinous juice of ailanthus malabarica (Te.)(DEDR 4665). cf. gulgulu bdellium (TS.); guggulu (AV.); guguru the tree balsamodendron roxburghii and its gum bdellium (S.); gogul-dhup the tree ailanthus grandis (N.); gugul.a lignum aloes (Or.); guggal.i_ the plant argyreia speciosa (M.); gugulu bdellium, the tree moringa pterygosperma (Si.)(CDIAL 4215). Gum-plant: kumpai dikmali gum-plant, gardenia gummifera; white emetic-nut, gardenia lucida (Ta.); tikka_malli id. (Ta.); dikka_malli (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) kumbhi_ka the punna_ga tree (Skt.lex.)

2119.Agitated: gubu gubu e_r..u to stand up in a tumultuous or noisy manner; guba_ru noise of a crowd (Ka.); gubagubalu hubbub, tumult; gubagubal-a_d.u to be in great excitement or uproar (Te.); guba_r outcry (H.)(DEDR 1738). cf. kumur-u to resound, trumpet (Kampara_. Varaik. 34); have confused uproar (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 6,5,1)(Ta.); kumur-a-k-ka_ytal to be boiling hot, as oil heated to a degree; to boil up (Ta.); kumur-uka to make thundering sound (Ma.)(DEDR 1744). kumutam uproar, confusion (Tiruppu. 948); cf. tumula (Skt.)(Ta.lex.) kupyati is agitated (Sus'r.); is angry (MBh.); kuppati shakes, quivers, is angry (Pali)(CDIAL 3299). cf. kup shake, be angry (Skt.); ko_pa anger (MBh.Pali)(CDIAL 3516). koppai is angry (Pkt.); kopiba_ (Or.); kopai (OAw.)(CDIAL 3520). ko_pam anger, wrath, rage, fury, exasperation (Ta.lex.)

2120.Kurumba village; hut: koppa hut of the lowest grade of pariahs called ma_rimans'eru (Tu.); kombe Kurumba village (Ka.); kumba log-hut (Kur.); kompa house (used only in contempt)(Te.); kumbu house (balnce word of id.u id.)(Kui); kompe small village or hamlet, hut (Ka.); kuppam village, small village of fishermen and other low-caste people; kumpai settlement (esp. of pacamas)(Ta.); kuppamu small village or hamlet (Te.); kuppi hut (Kol.)(DEDR 1732). koppa, koppal a small village (Ka.); kuppam (Ta.); koppa a hut (Tu.); koppa frequently used in village-names; koppal a small hamlet; koppal.a name of villages (Ka.lex.) Cover for granary; shed on threshing floor; hut: kho~p cover of a granary (Bhoj.); hut (M.); kho~pr.i_ shed on threshing floor (Bi.); kho~p, kho~pi_ house for storing chaff (Bi.); kho~p hut, nest (Mth.); khop, khopi_ cottage, hut (M.); khop^ur^u ruined thatched mud hut (K.); khopr.o hovel (Ku.); khopro slave's house (N.); khupari small dark room (A.); khop^ar.i_ hut (Mth.); khopd.i_ (M.); khopt.u~ cottage, hut (G.); khopat., khopt.i_ (M.)(CDIAL 3938).

2121.Image: notch; rung of a ladder: khop rung of a ladder (orig. 'notch in a plank or trunk used as a ladder')(A.); dint (M.); khupiya_ notch to place the foot on (A.); khopani pressing the toes in to prevent slipping (A.)(CDIAL 3937).

2122.Image: stringing; moustache; hair-combings: gumpha stringing a garland, a whisker (Skt.); guppha_ wreath, tassel, bunch (H.); go_pha_ twining (Aw.); go_ph moustache (A.); go~p(h) moustache; go_p-ha_r a sort of necklace (B.); gu~ph hair combings (M.)(CDIAL 4203). ko_ (-pp-, -tt-), ko_r (-pp-, -tt-) to string (as beads, flowers), arrange, reduce to order; ko_ppu stringing, threading, inserting; ko_vai, ko_rvai stringing, filing, arranging, string of ornamental beads; ko_tai garland (Ta.); ko_kka, ko_rkka to string together (as a garland, pearls, beads), thread a needle; ko_ccil what appears like a string, pod, legume; ko_ppu order, arrangement; ko_va, ko_rva what is strung together; ko_rmpal, ko_mpu string of pearls, bunch of things (Ma.); ko.v- (ko.t-) to string, thread; ko.d long strip of dried meat (Ko.); ko_ (ko_d-, ko_t-) to string (pearls, beads, etc.) upon a thread, thread; be threaded, be entered (Ka.); koya- (koyap-, koyat-) to string (Kod..); ko_p a string of fruits, fish etc.; go_puni to hold fast, join; go_pu a thin girdle; go_mp a string of fruits, fish etc. (Tu.); k(r)o_va a string as of pearls etc. (Te.); ko.nz- (ko.nst-) to string, thread; go_nzeng to thread (Kol.); ko_nj (j = dz) to string, thread (Nk.); ko_p- (ko_t-) to string (Pa.); ka_c- to thread needle, to string (garland, beads); ka_s- to string beads (Go.); kunye (kunc-) to string (as beads)(Malt.)(DEDR 2176).

2123.Skylark: kampul. a kind of water-fowl (Maturaik. 254); Indian sky-lark (Ta.lex.) Peacock: cubba_ peacock (Kur.); cuwe id. (Malt.)(DEDR 2676).

2124.Image: chignon: kopel, kopela_ chapel; crown for children (Kon.lex.) kupar, kupari chignon (Go.); koppu chignon, coil of hair (Ta.); female's hair tied in a tuft (Ka.); chignon (Te.); kudashpar. topknot of hair (Go.); koopagai the tuft of hair left on the head (Go.); kopu hair (Kond.a); kopa coil of a woman's hair (Kui); kupuli crest of a bird, tuft of feathers (Kui); ku_bbu_ coiffure (female)(Kuwi); kubbu chignon, woman's hair-bun (Kuwi); khopa_ young people's back hair when raised and folded up, chignon (Kur.); xoppa_ chignon (Kur.)(DEDR 2110). khop bunch of woman's hair tied unplaited at back of head (N.); khopa_ hair-knot (A.Or.H.); kho~pa_ (B.H.M.)(CDIAL 3939).

2125.An ornament worn on plaited hair; ear-ring: koppu women's ear-ornament worn at top of helix (Ta.); upper ear-ring of women (Ma.); ornament for the upper part of the ear, worn by women (Ka.); koppumbi long straight ornament worn through top of ear (Kod..); koppu a female's ear-ring (Tu.); kuppe an ornament worn by women on the plaited hair (Te.)(DEDR 2111). To work cotton with the hands: gon.a_ to work cotton with the hands, knead (P.); gutthi_ bundle (L.); guthli_ bundle, bag (P.); guthn.a_ to be tightly plaited or strung (P.); guthnu to wind round, to thread (N.); gu_th round ball of cotton (H.); gu_thna_ to plait; guthna_ to be entwined (H.); guthai strings, threads (OMarw.); gu_th knot (M.); gotanava_ to plait, knit, attach (Si.); gutti tying (Pkt.); gutan.u to plait, string tightly (S.); gutta_ tied, strung (L.); gutt plait of hair hanging down woman's back (L.); guttn.u_ to plait the hair (WPah.); gutnu to wind round, thread (N.); gutna_ to be threaded or strung or entwined (H.); gundan. to plait (L.); gundun. to braid hair (L.); gundn.a_ to weave, plait (WPah.); gundhan. to plait (L.); gundhan.u (S.); gu_thnu to string, thread (N.); gunthiba_ to string together (Or.); gu~_thna_ to plait (h.); gu~thvu~ to knit, plait (G.); gum.dhai plaits, strings (Pkt.); gumhan. to plait loosely (L.); gunnhn.a_ to braid, knead (P.); gu~_dhna_ to plait, mix, knead (H.); ghun.ai plaits (OMarw.)(CDIAL 4205). Twining: go_pha_ twining (Aw.)(CDIAL 4298).ko_vai, ko_rvai stringing, filing, arranging (Kampara_. Varaik. 1); ko_rva, ko_va (Ma.); ko_va (Te.); ko_vai series, succession, row (Ta.lex.) guppha_ wreath, tassel, bunch (H.); gumpha stringing a garland, a whisker (Skt.)(CDIAL 4203). guphati strings together (Pa_n.Ka_s'.); khuv to plait, weave, spin (Gy.); gubhai, guhai strings (Pkt.); guhna_ to thread, twist, ravel (H.); o_gumphe_ti strings, covers, dresses (Pali); gum.phai, gumhai strings (Pkt.); gu~phn.e~ to plait (M.); govn.e~ to string, thread, embarrass (M.); gon.a_ to work cotton with the hands, knead (P.)(CDIAL 4205). ko_-ttal to clasp, join, interlock (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 6,4,1); to unite, merge (Ta_yu. Porul.va. 3)(Ta.lex.)

2126.Image: leveller: koppir (pl. koppihk) leveller (for breaking sods)(Go.); kopur id. (Pe.)(DEDR 2109). ka_ipul, ka_ipula_ rake (Kon.lex.) Image: scraper: khavn.a_ large scraper; khavn.i_ scraping, scraper; khavan.n.e~ to scrape out (M.); skavana picking in danta-skavana picking the teeth (Skt.)(CDIAL 13647). Rammer: koban.u to beat ground level; kobo rammer (S.); koba_ wooden or iron beater for leather (P.); wooden hammer (Or.); kob blow with a striking or cutting instrument (A.); koba_iba to strike, whip (A.); koba_-kobi_ mutual beating (Or.); kubaln.e~ to beat (M.); kopa_na to strike, dig, cut, chop (B.)(CDIAL 3522). To cram in: ko~bn.e~, komn.e~ to thump, thrust, force in, cram in (M.)(CDIAL 3522). To stuff, pierce: cubukna_ to pierce (H.); cobnu to sink in, pierce (N.); hobanava_ to press, imprint (Si.); co~bn.e~ to stuff in (M.); coman. penis (M.)(CDIAL 4866). To sew: cumb to sew (Pas'.); combun to pierce, bore (K.); suma_iba to thrust into, cause to enter (A.)(CDIAL 4872). skauti picks, pokes (S'Br.); co_s.ku_yate_ collects (RV.); khavn.e~ to scrape or scoop (kernel of coconut, pulp of melon etc.)(M.)(CDIAL 13646). khub(h)an., khubb(h)an. to prick, penetrate, stick in the mud (L.); khubbun. to stick in (L.); khubbhun.a_ to sink into, penetrate, affect; khobhn.a_ to pierce; khubbhan., khobha_ marshy ground (P.); khubhna_, khubna_ to pierce, enter, affect, adorn (H.)(CDIAL 13657). cf. kompu horn (Ta.lex.) khu~pvu~ to pierce (G.); khupn.e~ to prick; kho~p hole from a blow (M.)(CDIAL 13658). khupiba_ to penetrate a little (Or.); khupa_in.u to drive in (S.); khuppai plunges in (Pkt.); khu_pvu~ to fix, settle (G.); khopn.e~ to be pricked (M.); khopnu to pierce (N.)(CDIAL 13656). khutti_ hole in the ground in a game with cowries (P.); khutt depression in earth or wall, hollow eyes (P.); sku pick, poke, press, cover (Skt.)(CDIAL 13655).

2127. Earth: ks.am earth; ks.ama in the earth, on the floor (RV.); khama_ the earth (Pali); khama_, chama_ (Pkt.); sama_ earth (Si.); tshomm earth (Kal.)(CDIAL 3656). ks.ma_ earth (RV. i.55.6)(Vedic.lex.) ks.me_, ks.ma the earth; ks.ma_m.s'a ground, the surface of the earth (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.)

2128.A tribe, a nation, a sect, a caste: kom < qaum (Arabic) a tribe, a nation, a sect, a caste (P.lex.) komphru, komphri cofraternity (Kon.lex.) kombe a fellow without family, one living singly (Tu.lex.) ko_mu caste, tribe (Ka.Te.); ko_ma (M.H.)(Ka.lex.) cf. co_ma-man.al sand containing silver ore (Ta.lex.) cf. soma (Vedic.lex.) [ibid. interpreted as electrum, gold-silver ore]. so_mapati a name of Indra (RV.); somaiyo the god Somna_th (G.)(CDIAL 13609).

2129. A division or group of people: gub a division or group of people; gubl crowd, herd; gum a plant (Ko.); kubil herd; kupy crowd, herd, bunch (of coins on neck-chain, or hanging from armlet)(To.); gumi, gummi, gummu, gumme, gumpu heap, crowd, multitude; gubaru, guburu thickness, crowdednes, thick foliage of a tree or shrub (Ka.); gumugumu noise of a multitude; gumpu flock, crowd, multitude, heap (Tu.); gumi crowd, multitude; gumpu id., group; kuva, kuvva heap, pile (Te.); gum assembly (Kol.); gum er- to assemble (Kol.); ghum er- id. (Nk.); kum- to heap on to (Pa.); gum ki- to assemble, collect (Go.); kumba a small heap conical in shape (Kond.a); kuma a heap (Kond.a); gumomo, gombu heap; gompu gompu ho_'nai to swarm; go_mbu heap (Kuwi)(DEDR 1741). Collection of men or things: gumm, gumma~_ collection of men or things (P.)(CDIAL 4217). Collection; heap: kuppa heap, pile, collection, assemblage (Te.); qopre to come together assemble (Malt.); kuppam heap (Ta.); kuppal, kuppai id. (Ta.); kuppa heap of dirt or refuse (Ma.); kuppe, guppe heap, pile (Ka.); kuppu to heap up (Ka.); koppal heap (Ka.); kuppe, guppe, kippe, kompa, kompe heap (Tu.); kopparamu, kopramu increase, rise, swell; kuppa_ heap (Ga.); kupa, kuppa, guppa heap, stack (Go.); kupa heap, stack (Pe.); kupa heap, to fill (Mand..); kuppa stack (Kuwi); xoppna_ to form into a pile, heap up; xoprna_ to be heaped up; xop^orxola_, xoporka_ abundant, swarming (Kur.); qope to heap, pile up; n. heap, pile (Malt.)(DEDR 1731). Army unit: gulma a unit of the army (cf. Manu: VII, 190; Amarako_s'a II.536-7: patti = one chariot, one elephant, three horses and three footmen; sena_mukha = 3 patti's; gulma = 3 sena_mukha; gan.a = 3 gulma; va_hini = 3 gan.a; pr.tana_ = 3 va_hini; camu = 3 pr.tana_; ani_kini_ = 3 camu; aks.auhin.i_ = 10 ani_kini_). kulmam a division of an army consisting of 45 foot-soldiers, 27 horses, 9 chariots and 9 elephants (Ta.lex.)

2130.Heap; collection: ku_vai crowd, horde, gathering (vir-ku_l.iyar ku_vaika_n.in- : Malaipat.u. 422)(Ta.lex.) kuva_l heap, pile; collection, group (Tiruva_ca. 3,124); mound, hillock; abundance, excess (I_t.u, 2,7,3); heap of threshed paddy; kuvavu-tal to be piled up; to heap up, gather (Ci_vaka. 2110); kuvavu assemblage, collection, clump, group, army (Patir-r-up. 84,20); mound, hillock; heap, pile; greatness, largeness (Ta.); kuvi-tal to crowd, press up, as people; to be piled up, formed in heaps, as sand, grain; to become conical; to be accumulated, stored up, hoarded, as treasure; kuvi-ttal to heap up, to pile up conically (Ta.); kuvi id. (Ma.); kuvi-ttal to accumulate, hoard up, as treasure; kuviyal heap, pile; kuvivu heap, conical pile, accumulation; kuvai heap, conical pile; collection, accumulation, crowd, shoal, row (Kampara_. Ma_ri_ca. 46)(Ta.lex.) To be stored up; hoard up; accumulate; crowd; assembly: kumpu crowd, collection, group; kumpal id., heap; kumi to accumulate, crowd; kumiyal pile; kuvi- (-v-, -nt-) to crowd, be piled up (as sand, grain), be accumulated, stored up; (-pp-, -tt-) to heap up, pile up conically, accumulate, hoard up; kuvavu (kuvavi-) to be piled up; heap up, gather; n. heap, pile, assemblage, mound; kumpam, kumpi heap; ku_ppu (ku_ppi-) to heap up (as sand or grain); ku_vai crowd, gathering (Ta.); kumi heap (as of rice), stack, pile; kumiyuka to be heaped together; kumikka, kumekka to heap up; kuvika to be assembled; kuvikka to heap up; ku_mpikka to heap (Ma.)(DEDR 1741).

2131.Image: gate: go_pura, go_hura a town-gate (Ka.Skt.); a pyramidal tower over the gate of a city, over the gate of the encircling wall of a temple etc.; a gate so overbuilt (Ka.); a gate in general (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) Images: ridge of a roof; the top of a hill, summit: kumba small conical heap (Kond.a); kuppal mound (Ta.); kuppe, guppe dunghill (Ka.); kupp, gupp, kipp, kompa, komp heap (Tu.); kuppa dungheap (Te.); guppu to place in heaps or lots (Te.); kuppa~_gu_ra in heaps, abundantly; abundance (Te.); kopparamu, kopramu the top, summit, a turrret (Te.); koppu the crest or ridge of a roof (Te.); goppu small elevation in a field; gubbali mountain, hill (Te.); gubbal hillock (Go.); kuppa stack, mound (Pa.); koppa small hillock (Pa.); kope hill (Ga.); kupli mound of earth (Pe.); kupa hillock (Kui); ku_pa mound; kupli hillock (Kuwi); xoprna_ to be heaped up (Kur.); kofoy top of a hill, horizon (where sun is setting)(To.); kobe top of a coconut tree; kobal.u top of a roof (Ka.); kubal.u id. (Tu.); kub top of a coconut tree (Tu.); kobali top of the roof (Kor.); kobe top of a coconut tree (Kor.)(DEDR 1731). cf. sopi_ a cover for the head made of leaves (Kur.); copa umbrella (Malt.)(DEDR 2845). kuvavu mound, heap (Ta.); kuvai mound, heap (Ta.); kumpam, kumpi heap (Ta.); kumi heap (Ma.); ku_mpal heap (Ma.); gumpu heap (Tu.); kuva, kuvva heap, pile (Te.); kuma a heap (Kond.a)(DEDR 1741). Image: arched roof: kummat.t.am arched roof, arch, vault (Ta.lex.) Elevated place: kommai elevated place, mound; house; kumpa-ceytal to make a mound over a grave (Ta.lex.) Rampart: kommai rampart, bulwark (Ta.); kumbe wall on a flat roof that serves for a balustrade (Ka.); komma, ko_t.a-komma the upper part or coping of a fort-wall (Te.)(DEDR 2118). kommai largeness, bigness (Perun.. Ucaik. 40,210); circle, circularity (Ta.lex.)

2132.Image: projecting circular knobs of an oven: gubbe-mol.e a stout nail with a pommelled head (Ka.); gubbe-me_ku (Te.); gubbi-sarige a wire with a knob on one side (Ka.lex.) kommai projecting knobs of an oven; circle, circularity; conicalness, roundness, rotundity; projecting pin of a door (Ta.lex.) Dome, hump, swelling: gumr.u~ abscess, boil (G.); gummat. dome (P.); gu_m swelling from a bruise (Ku.); gu_mr.a, gumt.a_ swelling, lump (H.); gummat. knob on yoke (L.); gummi_ boil (P.); gummha~_ hard boil (P.)(CDIAL 4217). kumir.. knob (as of wooden sandals), stud (Ta.); knob (Ma.); kumir..i boss, knob (as of wooden sandals); kuppi ferrule (e.g. on scabbard, horn of ox)(Ta.); brass knob on tip of bullock's horn (Ma.); guba_ru swelling (Ka.); gubbi knob, protuberance (Ka.); kuppu, guppu an abnormal globular excrescence of the body; guba_ru swelling (Ka.); gubbi, gubb stud, ornamental knob, button (Te.); gubaka knob, boss, stud (Te.); gubba id., protuberance, woman's breast (Te.); guburu protuberance (Te.); kuppe knob (Te.); gomon. hump of ox (Pe.)(DED 1743). Image: swelling: gulma any glandular enlargement of abdomen (Sus'r.); gummha~_ hard boil (P.); gummi_ boil (P.); gu_m swelling from a bruise (Ku.); gu_mr.a_, gumt.a_ swelling, lump (H.); gumr.u~ abscess, boil (G.)(CDIAL 4217). cf. gulpha ankle (AV.)(CDIAL 4216). pong, ponga_ hump; pongo humped; gunt., gant. protuberance; dunkut. protuberance e.g., from a blow (Kon.lex.) cf. khuba_ any projection on the body (M.); khubar. hump on back, knuckle, joint (M.)(CDIAL 3904). gumut.u fighting, cuffing (Tu.lex.)

2133.Images: hump-backed; protuberance: kubja-kira_ta a hump-backed person and a dwarf (Skt.lex.) kumpam upper part of the back between the shoulders (Ta.lex.) kubhra hump-backed bull (Sat. xix.1); kumba hump, the portion that rises above; kubja hump-backed (VS. xxx.101) (Vedic.lex.) kubhra the humped buffalo (Skt.); kubd.a_ hunchback (M.)(Bloch, p. 317). kubja a hump on the back; kubja_ a young female servant of Kamsa, said to be deformed in three parts of her body (Skt.lex.) kat.wic bent, hunch-backed, applied to females; kat.wic mara aimai a hunch-backed jade; kat.be kot.be crooked, curved, bent; kat.buc round shouldered, hunch-backed, hanging the head; kat.ac kut.uc uneven, crooked; kat.bac kut.buc irregular, crooked (Santali.lex.) ku_vara, ku_bara a hump-backed man (Skt.lex.) kubi gai a cow with horns bent forwards; kuba crooked, bent; kuba d.an:gra an ox having horns bent forwards; kubja crooked, bent, curved; kubra, kubr.a, kubr.an. crooked, bent (Santali.lex.) ku_rpara the elbow, the knee (Skt.lex.) Image: humpbacked: kob^u hump on back (K.); kob^u humpbacked (K.); kubu hump (S.); kub bend, curve, distortion (L.); kubba_ humpbacked (L.); kubb hump on back (P.WPah.); kub (H.); kubro humpbacked, bent with age (N.); kubar. hump on back (H.); kubr.u~ (G.); kubad. (M.)(CDIAL 3301). kumba thick end (of a bone or club)(TS.); kumtale shoulder (Wg.); kum (N.)(CDIAL 3307). ku_ high mountain (Pr.); ku_ hump (Kt.)(CDIAL 3521). Crooked-armed: kumpa crooked-armed (Skt.); ko~pa_, kopa_ (B.)(CDIAL 3306). ku_bar. a crooked beam (Bi.)(CDIAL 3301). Images: knob, stud; protuberance: guburu protuberance (Te.); gubbi id., knob (Ka.); guba_ru swelling (Ka.); kumir.. knob, stud, pommel (Ta.); pommel, knob (Ma.)(DEDR 1743). kuppi ferrule (e.g. on scabbard, horn of ox)(Ta.); brass knob on tip of bullock's horn (Ma.); gubbi, gubbe stud, ornamental knob, button (Tu.); gubaka knob, boss, stud; gubba id., protuberance, woman's breast; guburu protuberance (Te.); kuppe knob (Te.); koparam hump of bullock (Kond.a); gomon. hump of ox (Pe.); guper. id. (Mand.)(DEDR 1743). gu'u hump of ox (Kuwi); qope heap, pile (Malt.)(DEDR 1731a). Image: upper part of the back between the shoulders: kub back, behind (To.); kumpam upper part of the back between the shoulders (Ta.); kumbi buttocks (Ma.); kipc id. (?Ko.)(DEDR 1747). kappu shoulder (Tiv. Periya_r... 3,1,5)(Ta.lex.) cf. cumal shoulder (Ma.); cuval nape of the neck, upper part of the neck (Ta.)(DEDR 2696). Bullock's hump: kumir.. hump of an ox, pommel (Ta.); pommel (Ma.); guper. hum of ox (Mand..); koparam hump of bullock (Kond.a); gomon. hump of ox (Pe.)(DEDR 1743). gu_mbat.u bullock's hump (S.); gumbat., gummat. bullock's hump (L.)(CDIAL 4217). gu'u hump of cow (Kuwi)(DEDR 1927). ku_u the hump on a bull's shoulders (Ma.); kunja_r.i hump of bullock (Go.); koonjaree id. (Go.); gunzam, guzam shoulder (Kond.a)(DEDR 1643). khu~_dh hump on the back (G.); khu~_dhu~ hump-backed (G.)(CDIAL 3902). Humpbacked; dwarfish; bent: khummia bent (Pkt.); khumle, khomle id. (N.); khumre decrepit, old (N.)(CDIAL 3905). khujja humpbacked, small, inferior (Pali); khujja, khujjaya, khujjiya humpbacked, bent (Pkt.); khuja_ dwarfish (M.); kuda humpbacked (Si.)(CDIAL 3903). khubar. hump on back, knuckle, joint (M.)(CDIAL 3904). kujja humpbacked, dwarfish (Pali.Pkt.); kuju hunchback (Sh.); ku~j hump on back (A.); hump (B.); kuja_, ku~ja_ humpbacked (B.); kuja hump (Or.); kuja_ humpbacked (Or.); kuja hunchback (OG.); ko~ja_, ko~jha_ dwarfish (M.); kubja humpbacked (VS.)(CDIAL 3300).

2134.Image: dome: gumat.a, gumut.a, gumuri, gummat.a, gummut.a a copula or dome (Ka.); ghumat.a (M.); gummat.a, gummad a dome; a paper lantern; a fire-baloon (H.Te.); kummat.t.a arch, vault, arched roof, pinnacle of a pagoda; globe, lantern made of paper (Ta.)(Ka.lex.); gumat.a a high, huge figure of stone, representing a Jaina saint (Ka.); gummat.e id. (Tu.)(Ka.lex.) kumbutalaya place of an elephant's frontal globes (Si.)(CDIAL 3314). kot.ko a mound, raised ground (Santali.lex.) Image: capital of a pillar: kut.a-ta_t.i capital of a pillar (Ci_vaka. 593, Urai); kut.am globe, ball, sphericity (Ta.lex.)

2135. Image: arch: komd.ed, komd.on with sa_n, curved, arched fire-wood (Mu.); gumbaz, gumbad an arch, a vault (Pers.)(Mu.lex.)

2136.Munda: kompat., kompa_t., kumpa_t. adj. with mund.a, a genuine munda, one of those generally called mundas simply, in contrast to mahali mund.a, ho_ mund.a, birur.u mund.a etc. (Mu.lex.)

2137.Woman's head cloth: ghumt.o woman's head cloth (N.G.); ghomt.a_ (B.); ghumbat.a_ (Or.); ghum covering of interlaced bamboo strips and leaves carried against rain (N.); ghumt.i_ leaf umbrella (G.).--Relationship of these not clear with ghu~_gha_t.u woman's head cloth (S.); ghun:g(h)at. ((P.); ghu~gut.o (N.); ghu~_ghat. (H.); ghu~ghat. (G.); ghu~ght.i_ (G.); ghu~ghu_t., ghu~ghat. head cloth (M.)(CDIAL 4484). cumbat.a(ka) coil, pad of cloth; a wreath (Pali); cumbhala garland for the head (Pkt.); cuppala id. (Pkt.)(CDIAL 4869). Head-pad: cumbat.a coil, pad of cloth, pillow (Pali); ma_la_-cumbat.a wreath (Pali); cu~bal, cummal, cumli_ pad on head on which to carry burdens (H.); cu~bal. (M.); sumbul.uva roll of cloth, esp. pad placed under a jar carried on the head, crown, garland, pillow (Si.)(CDIAL 4869). cummat.u load, load pad for head; cuma to bear (Ta.); cumattu to burden, load; cumati load, burdern (Ta.); cummat.u pad for head to carry burdens (Ma.); tamt. carrying pad (Ko.); simbi, simbe ring of cloth put under a vessel, etc., upon the head; a coil for setting a vessel on the ground; the coil of a snake; sivad.u, sivad.i, sivud.i, sivud.u pad to be put under a load on the head (Ka.); cumma, cumpa_ta carrying pad (pa_ta cloth)(Te.); cumma (c = ts) pad on head for carrying (Nk.); cumt.al carrying pad on head (Pa.); sumt.al (Ga.); cumar (Go.); simbor-i id.; suma a cloth rolled into a pad (Kond.a)(DEDR 2677).

2138.Image: insect: ko_pe, marka ko_pe a kind of insect (marka mango) (Go.); kopat.ora, kopolosi grasshopper, locust (Kui); gop'iri, gop'eri, go_peri, go_p'eri grasshopper (Kuwi); qopo id., locust (Malt.); ko_r..i grasshopper (Ta.); kho_r.a_ id. (Go.)(DEDR 2113). kumbhaka_ri_ wasp (Skt.); kuma_li_ a partic. insect (Ku.); kuma_l-kot.i, kamal-kot.i a kind of wasp (N.); kuma_rni the mason-wasp (A.); kumha_ri_ wasp-like insect which makes a clay nest (H.); ku~bha_r, ku~bha_ri_, ku~bha_ri_n., ku~bheri_ vespa solitaria (M.)(CDIAL 3312). susurban., kun:kal, barar.in. a wasp (Santali.lex.) Firefly: indrago_pa cochineal insect, firefly (S'Br.); indago_paka a sort of insect which comes out of the earth after rain (Pali); im.dago_va, im.dago_vaya, im.do_va, im.do_vatta firefly (Pkt.); indugavuva a red worm (Si.)(CDIAL 1573). kon.aj a fly infesting the eyes (Tu.); kon.uju, kon.usu a tick (Te.); kon.sul a tick (Ga.)(DEDR 2075).

2139.Centipede: gomhi_, gomi_ centipede (Pkt.); gom a partic. kind of centipede (H.M.)(CDIAL 4307). Spider: gurma spider (Mand..); kurma, gurma id. (Kui); kurma id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 1800). cf. puli-ko_ca a large venomous spider (Te.); ko_ndru spider (Pe.)(DEDR 2195).

2140.Gnat: kotuku, kocu, kocuku mosquito, gnat, fly (Ta.); kotu, kotuku mosquito, gnat (Ma.); kucune mosquito (Ir.); kwi0f sp. biting insect (To.)(DEDR 2086).

2141.Image: a cloth covering of a carriage: kuvara, kavvara, kovvari, gubaru a curtain, a veil; musur-u (a cover) (Ka.); kuva_l.a a tilt or cloth covering of a carriage (Te.)(Ka.lex.) ku_vari, ku_bari a carriage covered with a cloth or blanket (Ka.Skt.); ku_vara, ku_bara the pole of a carriage; i_su (Ka.Skt.); ku_vakambaku_kamba (Tadbhava of ku_pastambha) a mast of a vessel; ku_paka the mast of a vessel; a tree of post to which a boat is moored (Ka.Skt.); ku_va, kuvve, ku_ (Tadbhava of ku_pa) a mast (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ku_bari_ a carriage covered with a cloth or blanket; the pole of a carriage to which the yoke is fixed; ku_barin a carriage; kubra a cart (Skt.lex.) ku_v