2401.Vegetables: kira_ta kad.d.i a medicinal herb (Tu.lex.) ki_rai greens, pot-herbs, vegetables; ki_rai-ttan.t.u spinach, amarantus gangeticus (Ta.); ci_ra greens, eatable leaves, esp. chenopodium album and various amarantus species; ki_ra greens; ki_ra, ci_ra spinach (Ma.); ki.r sp. amarantus (Ko.); ki.ry id. (To.); ki_re, kire various species of greens (Ka.); ki_ra, ki_re herb, vegetable, greens (Te.)[amarantus paniculatus = amarantus speciosus; amarantus caudatus = amarantus paniculatus](DEDR 1617).

2402.Diadem: kiri_t.a diadem, crest (MBh.Pali); kiri_d.a diadem (Pkt.); tiri_d.a headdress (Pkt.); kirul.a crown (Si.)(CDIAL 3176). mukut. diadem (Santali.lex.) kiri_t.a is used by Su_rya (mukut.adha_ri_, Br.hat. LVII. 47); Kubera (va_makiri_t.i_, Br.hat. LVII. 57); and the Bhu_ta-gan.as (Br.hadya_tra_, XV. 12).

2403.Alphabet: cir-apper..uttu alphabetic letter peculiar to a language (Nan-. 274)(Ta.lex.) akhor a letter of alphabet (Santali.lex.) kir.aki, kir.a_ki the character used by kirar.s in writing. It is derived from the Sanskrit alphabet, but the letters are so mutilated that it is difficult in some cases to trace their origin. It is very deficien in consonants, having no ng, jh, t.h, d, y or s.; h is generally omitted in writing. The vowels a, i, u appear in the alphabet, but except as initial letters they are omitted in practice. The forms of the letters differ in different towns: kir.aki di likhat d.ilh d.ola hik. In kir.aki writing d.ilh and d.ola are the same (i.e. only d. and l without any vowels, would be used to express both words); kirar., kirar.i a tribe of Hindus also called aror.a. Kirar.s are divided into three main tribes: uttra_dhi (northern), dakhana (southern), and d.a_hra. The first two say they were so named because they fled to the north and south respectively. The origin of d.a_hra is not known. Each main tribe contains numerous sub-divisions, the nomenclature of which defies classification. A few names, as the mat.e and guruwar.a are found in three main tribes; a large number is found in two, and the majority in only one. The main tribes do not intermarry, but the sub-divisions of a main tribe do. They worship either Kr.s.n.a incarnation or the river Ganges or both. They are traders, money lenders and bankers. They have no prejudice against any kind of work, and will sell vegetables or shoes, load donkeys and do other work which an orthodox Hindu would not. In correspondence and accounts kirar.s use a peculiar character of their own kir.aki; kirat work, business, occupation (P.lex.) lan.d.a_ the written character used by shop-keepers (P.lex.)

2404.An annular continent: kiravuca-t-ti_vu : cf. kiravuca-kiri < krauca the eastern part of the Hima_laya range, in Assam, as split by Skanda (Pu. Ve. 6,9, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)

2405.Scribe: kera_ clerk; kera_ni id. (B.); ki_raka scribe (Skt.); qa_ri, pl. qurra_ reader, esp. of Qur'a_n (Arabic)(CDIAL 3170). keraku that is scratching or rough as a stone; keran.t.u to dig with the nails, to scratch (Ka.); curan.t.u (Ta.); ciran.d.u, curan.d.u (Ma.); kir-i (Ta.); ciragu, curagu to scrape, grate; cikku to scratch (Ma.); celuku to scratch (Te.)(Ka.lex.) kira_n.i clerk (J.)(Ta.lex.) kerani a writer, clerk (Santali.lex.) karan.an- accountant (Kantapu. Ma_rkkan.. 210); karan.am title-deed, document (R.F.); accountant, karnam (S.I.I. i,65)(Ta.lex.) Image: stripe, to draw lines: ki.r a mark, a line (Ko.); ki.ra stripe (Kol.); khi_r line (Nk.); gi_r line (Kond.a); line, mark (Pa.); gi_t line (Go.); gi_ri line (Ga.); ki_r-u a stripe (Ma.); to scratch, draw lines, scribble, write; n. scratch, mark, stroke, scrawl, writing (Ta.); gi_r-u a line, streak, stripe (Ka.); to scratch, scrape (Ka.); to scratch, scrape; comb with fingers (Te.); gi_r-a, gi~_ta stroke, line (Te.); gi_t.u line, mark (Te.); a line, stroke (Ka.); line, stroke, mark (Tu.); gere a line, row, stroke (Tu.); ki_r-r-u stroke, line, mark, stripe (Ta.); gi_ra line, mark, scrape (Kui); giri line (KUwi); gira_ a line (Or.); kiraka a scribe (Skt.)(DEDR 1623). kharok sound of scraping (Santali.lex.) To slit, rend, slice: kiresu, keresu to scrape (Tu.lex.) ki_r-u gash, cut, slice, piece; to slit, tear, rend, cut, gash, slice (Ta.); ki_r-r-u slice, piece (Ta.Ma.); ki_r-al a tear (Ma.); tearing (Ta.); ki_l to rend, tear (Ta.); ki_ntal a slice, piece (Ma.); ki.r- (ki.ry-) to tear, gash (Ko.); ki_tu piece, slice (of fruits and flesh)(Ka.); ki.t to tear (Kod..); ki_runi to split (Tu.); ki_ru split, rift (Tu.); ki_tu part, bit, splinter (Tu.); gi_r-u, gi~_t.u to tear, rend (Te.); keerke a bit or piece (Go.)(DEDR 1624). cira, ciro, sir.an., sir.o, tarar., or.ec to tear (Santali.lex.)

2406.Image: to rend: ki_r.. to rend (Tirukko_. 249); to split, rive, cleave (Ci_vaka. 1157)(Ta.); ki_l. id. (Ka.); part, portion, section (Ci_vaka. 2248); ki_l.(l.u)-tal to rend, split, tear (Kampara_. Pal.l.i. 71); ci_l id. (Te.); ki_l.- to burst, as the bund of an overfull tank (Pur-ana_. 118,3)(Ta.lex.) ki_l.ut.ai girdle of an ascetic or sanya_si, generally a long strip of cloth (Ka_l.at. Ula_, 500)(Ta.lex.) cf. ki_r-u-tal to slit, tear, rend (Tiva_.); ki_r-u (Ka.); gi_r-u (Te.)(Ta.lex.) ki_r-u-tal to draw lines; to scribble, make marks, write, engrave (Pin..)(Ta.); ki_r-u id. (Ma.); gi_yu (Te.); gi_ru (Ka.); ki_r-u to slice, cut off longitudinally; streak, mark, stroke, line, scratch; notch, furrow, indentation, gash, cut, slit, incision (Ta.lex.) cf. ke_r..i a line, a series; a group, flock (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ki_r, gi_r to scratch, to split; a split, a scratch (Tu.lex.)

2407.Ancient: ki_r adj. past, ancient; ki_rugu me_lugu buddhi a lesson for the past and the future (Tu.lex.) kir..a old (Ta.); ker..ava, ker..iva an old man (Ka.Ta.Ma.); kir..i to descend; to be subtracted,low, degraded (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) kir..avu old age (Ci_vaka. 379); kir..avan- aged man (Te_va_. 648,4); kir..avan (Ma.); kir..am-pat.utal to grow old; to become worn out or useless by age (Piramo_t. 7,30); kir..at.u old age, senility (Upate_caka_. Civapun.n.iya. 217)(Ta.lex.)

2408.Image: water-lift: kir..a_r water-lift for irrigation, drawn by bullocks (Cilap. 10,110); garden (Nan-. 272, Mayilai.)(Ta.lex.)

2409.Profession: giri an affix denoting office, busines, profession (Ka.M.H.); guma_sta-giri, diva_n.a-giri, munis.i_-giri, sipa_yi-giri (Ka.lex.) giri proper noun of a male person (Tu.lex.) giri venerable, respectable, worshipful; an honorific title given to sannya_sins (Skt.lex.) kir..avan- owner (Kur-al., 1039); lord, master, husband (Tol. Po. 192); chief of an agricultural tract; oilmonger; black sediment in oil; kir..avi wife, mistress (Tol. Po. 186); kir..avatu < kir..a-mai that which pertains to or belongs to (Tol. Po. 84); kir..avo_n- proprietor, owner (Tirumuru. 317); lord, master,husband (Tol. Po. 234); kir..a_r ancient ve_l.a_l.a title (Tol. Po. 629, Urai.; I_t.u, 6,3,7); kir..a_n- owner, proprietor (Tiruvil.ai. Valaiv_ci. 42); kir..amai claim, right, propriety (Kur-al., 785); friendship, alliance (Ci_vaka. 544); kir..atti proprietress, she who has a right (Pa_rata. Cir-appu. 13); mistress, lady-love (Tol. Po. 118); ki_r..o_r cultivators (Paripa_. 17,40)(Ta.lex.) For semant. 'friendship' cf. kel.e, gen.i, gen.e, gel.e union; friendship; ke_l.a a companion (Ka.lex.)

2410.Image: pot: kir..alai the lower side of a vessel, the side on which the sail is hoisted; < ki_r.. lower (Ta.); kir..akku bottom, foot; low place (Kur-un. 337); lowness, plainness (Tol. Po. 280); depression, pit (Tiva_.); kir..a_-an- curd-pot (Kalin.. 506, Putup.); curd (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) cf. ge_l.a_ a round vessel to hold oil etc. (M.); ke_l, ke_lu a large earthen water-jar (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

2411.Image: tawny colour: kura_l dim, tawny colour (Ta.); brown (Ma.); kira_l brown (Ma.)(DEDR 1776). kura_r--pacu tawny cow (S.I.I. iii,121); kura_l cow (Ce_tupu. Man:kala. 27)(Ta.lex.) kairi, khaera brown (Santali.lex.)

2412.Male calf; ox, horned cattle: kura bull calf, male calf (Go.); kur-a male calf (Kond.a); kurra id. (Kol.Nk.Pa.); kurra_ id. (Go.); kurra d.a_lu id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 1801). [cf. ko_d.e du_d.a bull calf (Te.)(DEDR 2199) wherein ko_d.e (young bull) is an adj. male]. ko_t.i-p-paruvam youth (Ta.); ko_d.eparuvamu id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.) ko_ra_ untamed bull, horse, etc. (Ta.lex.) kurnja young male child (Pe.); kurl young cow (up to three years)(Ko.); kuruman- young of certain animals and birds (Ta.); kurule, kurle a young pig, a baby (Tu.); kurnja young male child; fem. kurnji (Pe.); kuru_ colt (Kur.); kurul.ai young of certain animals (viz., dog, pig, tiger, hare, fox)(Tol. Po. 564-565); young of a snake (Kur-un. 119); child (Ci Ci. Parapak. Pa_yiram. 4); tortoise (Ta.)(DEDR 1791); kurumbo 'n:kurah. (Skt.). kuruku young, as of an animal (Ta.); young of a beast (Tiv. Tiruppa_. 1, Vya_.); kuru young, as of an animal (Te.Ma.Tu.) (Ta.lex.)] go_ru_pa cow-shaped (AV.); bull, (coll.) cattle (Pali); go_ru_va a good bull; go_ru_ ox (Pkt.); go_ru_, go_rwi_ cow; go_rwa_ bull; guruv, guruvni, gurumni (Gypsy); goru_ bull (Sv.); go_ru_ cow (K.); goru_ cattle (excluding buffalos)_(P.); gro~, pl. gru cattle; go_ru_ (N.); goru_ cow (Ku.); goru bull, bullock (N.); go_ru a bovine animal, stupid person; gori_ya_ lazy (A.); goru, garu any animal of the bovine species, cattle, stupid person (B.); goru_ cow, ox (Or.); ox, horned cattle (except buffalos)(Bi.); go_ru_ cattle (Bhoj.); goru_, gorua_ ox, cow (H.); guru, gure~ cow, bullock, buffalo, black cattle (M.); geriya_ bullock; geri cow; gon.-geri ox (Si.)(CDIAL 4313). go a cow, an ox, bull, pl. cattle (Pali)[Lat. bos, OHG. chuo, Ags. cu_ = E. cow](Pali.lex.) go-parin.a_yaka leader of the cows, ep. of a bull [gopita protected, guarded, watched +]; gon.a an ox, bullock (for ploughing); gon.a-sira wild ox; gon.aka a kind of ox, a wild bull (Pali.lex.)

2413.Tells one's number (of troop of flock); gang: giroh a collection, a party of men, a gang (P.lex.) Image: a herd of kine: kere a herd of kine; go_samu_ha (Ka.lex.) se_r-i kor-u cock (Kond.a); sehi male (Kuwi)(DEDR 2820). xe_r fowl (Kur.); qru id. (Malt.)(DEDR 2013). cf. ke_ru (ke_ri-) to cackle (as a hen)(Ta.)(DEDR 2009). gan.a troop, flock (RV.); gan.ayati tells one's number (of troop of flock)(Ka_s'.); gan.a troop, flock (Pali.Pkt.); gan herd (Tor.); gan.aya company (Si.)(CDIAL 3988). avagan.a separated from one's companions (MBh.); o_gan.a separated, standing alone (Pali); ogn.o a grain of corn which remains hard after boiling, baking or grinding; ogn.a_ pl. small particles of cakes (G.)(CDIAL 739). sam.gan.ika_ society, the world; sam.gan.ana_ counting together (Skt.); san:gan.ika_ association (Pali); an:ganiya assembly (Si.)(CDIAL 12846). sam.gamayati brings together (AV.); sa~gwa_n.a_ to collect together (H.)(CDIAL 12847). kan.am < gan.a group; collection; class; tribe; clan; flock; herd; series (kan.an:kon.t.u cur-r-atta_r : Na_lat.i, 25); company, assembly, concourse of people (Tiva_.); kan.atta_r managers of village affairs (I.M.P.T. 569); kan.apperumakkal. managers of village affairs in ancient times (I.M.P. Cg. 516); kan.a-can:kiya_-pa_kam < gan.a + san:khya_ + aggregate number of shares into which the lands of a village are, at the time of the original grant, equally divided (Ta.lex.) kan.akku number, account, reckoning, calculation, computation (Ta.Ma.); account book, ledger (Kur-un. 261); order, sequence (I_t.u, 3,4, Pra.); thing, affair, circumstance; letter, writing (Tiva_.)(Ta.lex.) Telling one's number of troop or flock: gan.a troop, flock (RV.Pkt.Pali) [cf. gan.ayati tells one's number (of troop or flock).]; gan herd (Dardic); beehive (K.); gan.ha_r beehive (Dardic); gan.aya company (Si.)(CDIAL 3988, 3991). [cf.Phratry names in a clan by number counts: aim-peru-ve_l.ir five great ve_l.ir (Akam.,125); er..u ve_l.ir seven ve_l.ir (Akam., 36; patinoru ve_l.ir eleven ve_l.ir (Akam., 246); patina_nku ve_l.ir fourteen ve_l.r (Akam., 135); patinen kut.i ve_l.ir eighteen septs of ve_l.ir (Tol. Po., 32, Urai) [cf. Mahadevan, I. 1970, p.185]; re: Gond.s of Adilabad: nal ven saga number four phratry; si ven saga number five phratry; sar ven saga number six phratry; er ven saga number seven phratry (Sethumadhava Rao Pagdi, Among the Gonds of Adilabad, Bombay, 1949, p.3; loc.cit. Mahadevan, I., Dravidian Parallels in Proto-Indian Script, Journal of Tamil Studies, vol.II, No.1, 1970, pp.157-276; p.185].

2414.Image: Indian file: giroe goroe, goyor goyor, gior goyor following each other in a line, trailing; gonto goto, gonto gotor, gonto goyo, gonto goyor one after another, Indian file (Santali.lex.) ha_r, ha_ri file of soldiers; ha_ri a_sa_t there are lines; harin in files (Kon.lex.) Image: line: gero, gerea_ drawn line; groove of a column (Kon.lex.) gire, gere a line (Tu.lex.) gere a scratch as with a finger nail or a chisel; a line; a streak; gere ha_ku to mark with lines by a ruler; to make a sign in the form of a line, to mark; to draw a line over (Ka.lex.)

2415.Images: series, herd: ke_r..i a line, a series; a group, flock, troop; a heap; ke_ri, pa_r..i, panti (Ka.); ce_t.u, ce_n., ce_y distance; length, breadth; height; greatness; crowd, assembly (Ka.) (Ka.lex.) kere a herd of kine (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) s're_ni, se_n.i a line, a row, a range; a multitude, a number; a troop (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: line, series: se_d.hi_ line, row (Pkt.); s're_dhi_ a partic. progression of arithmetical figures (Pkt.); he_r, dat. he_ri ladder (K.)(CDIAL 12724). ceitr ladder (Ash.)(CDIAL 12720).

2416.Image: a line: gi_r-u, gi_t.u a line, a streak, a stripe, a groove; a scartch or its mark; gi_r-acu a stripe-like fine border of a cloth; gi_r-a cippu a shell with stripes; gi_r-u-gandha streaks of sandal on the body; a streak of sandal on the forehead; gi_r-u-na_ma a perpendicular sectarian line on the forehead made with go_pi; gi_r-u to draw, to draw lines or streaks (Ka.); gi_cu, ki_r-u, gi_ku, gi_ju, gi_r-u to scrape or scratch; to scrawl, to scribble; to draw a line or lines over with a pen; to draw lines or furrows; to lance a tree in order to extract its milky juice (Ka.Te.); gi_cu ba_cu reit. scrawl, scribble (Ka.); gi_t.u a line, a stroke (Ka.); ki_t.t.u, gi_te, gi_re, ji_re (Te.); ki_r-r-u (Ta.); ce_r (M.); ce_ra (Skt.); gi_t.a_t.a hop-scotch (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: one of the four chequered stripes: ke_ri one of the four chequered stripes on a pagad.e cloth (Ka.lex.) ki_r-r-u stroke, line, mark, streak, stripe (Ci_vaka. 782); ki_r-al tearing, scratching (Kuce_lo_. Kuce_. Vaikun.. 36)(Ta.lex.)

3674.Image: part, portion, wedge, split: ki_l. (ki_l.v-, ki_n.t.-) to rend, tear, split; burst (as bund of an over-full tank); n. part, portion, section (Ta.); ci_l. splinter, piece of wood, wedge (Ma.); ci.l. pieces (of pot, paper, etc.); division of land (Ko.); gi_l.u to rend; si_l., si_l.u to split, divide, be rent; split, etc.; n. splitting, a split, fragment, part (Ka..); ci_lu a split, splinter; si_l.u a crack, crash, split (Tu.); ci_lu to break, split, crack, be divided, broken, torn, rent, split (Te.); ci_lika slice, sliver (Te.)(DEDR 1622). Image: a flat stone for engraving: cil, cillu a flat stone for engraving, a small round piece (as draught) (Ma.); kelle a splinter, shiver (Ka.); kellu id. (Tu.); cilla-penku, cilla-pencu potsherd (penku, pencu id.)(Te.); cil small piece (as of broken glass), potsherd, flat round stone (Ta..)(DEDR 1577).

3675.Bark: chila bark, skin (S.); chill id. (L.); chil bark (WPah.); chi_lo bark (Marw.); chilet.u~ bark, peel (G.)(CDIAL 5052). cilike stick and other small pieces of wood (Ka.); hir.pen bark of tree (Go.); si_lpa chip of wood (Kond.a); cilpa id., bark (Pe.)(DEDR 2586). il.i (-v-, -nt-) to strip off, pluck (Ta.); cil.ikka (the rind of a fruit) to open from ripeness (Ma.); cilkuni to flay (Tu.); cilng to peel off, flake off; cilkip- (cilkit-) to peel off, scale off (Pa.); sil skin, rind (Br.)(DEDR 2585). Image: to open, split: cillu (-pp-, -tt-) to open, split; cilukku chipping, cutting; ciluval rags, tatters (Ta.); cilv- (cild-) to break along the length of the grain; (cilt-) id. (Ko.)(DEDR 2566). ki_l. to rend, split; n. part, portion, section (Ta.); ci_l. splinter, wedge (Ma.); ci.l. pieces, division of land (Ko.); gi_l.u to rend; si_l., si_l.u to split, divide, be rent; a split, fragment, part (Ka.); ci_lu a split, splinter; si_l.u a crack, crach, split (Tu.); ci_lu to break, split, crack, be divided, broken, torn, rent, split; ci_lucu, ci_lcu to split, break, divide, tear; ci_lika slice, sliver (Te.)(DEDR 1622). cf. kir..i to be torn, rent in shreds, to split (Ta.)(DEDR 1581). cf. ki_r-u to slit; cut, slice, piece (Ta.); ki_ru split, rift; ki_tu part, bit, splinter (Tu.); keerk a bit or piece (Go.)(DEDR 1624). Small hole, crack: cilli leak, hole, crack (Ta.); small hole as in a pot, paper, etc. (Te.); illi small hole (as in a pitcher), orifice as of the teat (Ta.); cilli-k-kuttu a little hole (Ma.); jilli small hole in an earthen vessel (Ka.)(DEDR 2575). To split, slit, saw, tear; sharp: i_ruka to saw, split (Ta.); sixb sharp end of piece of wood (To.); sigi to split (as wood), tear or rend with the teeth as sugarcane (Ka.); sigasu, sigisu to have split (Ka.); sigur- a splinter, a shiver (Ka.); si_bu bamboo-slit (Ka.); tigipuni, tigupuni, sigipu to split, slit, cut, saw, tear (Tu.); sinder a splinter of wood, bamboo, etc. (Go.); ci_ring to slit, slice, tear open (Br.) (DEDR 2491). ci_ra rag (Skt.)(CDIAL 4843). s'i_ra pointed, sharp (RV.); s'i_rin a kind of kus'a grass (Skt.); si_r the silky-headed grass imperata koenigii (P.)(CDIAL 12495). Rag, bark-cloth: citarvai cloth worn or reduced to a rag (Ta.); cita_r thin bark of certain trees used as clothing; cloth, rag (Ta.); citalai small piece of cloth, rag (Ta.); ci_ntuka to tear, strip (a plantain leaf)(Ma.); ci_ntu a shred, strip, streak (Ma.); cindar-a fragment, piece (Te.); kithre to split wood (Malt.)(DEDR 1547). Bowstring: sittha, sittha_ bowstring (Pkt.); s'it (M.)(CDIAL 13400). sit.ro one of the strings suspended from above in a loom to suppport the web (S.); prasiti fowler's net (RV.); s'it.a_ rope (?RV.)(CDIAL 13400). se_tr. binding (RV.); se_tra bond, ligament (Pa_n..)(CDIAL 13586). Hemp: kitta_n- linen, canvas (Ta.Ma.) < kata_n (U.); kitta_n-pacu tow, oakum for caulking ships; kitta_n--pa_y canvas sail; kittam that which is made (kr.ta)(Tirukko_. 388, Urai); kitta_n--kayir-u hemp rope (Ta.lex.) Cloth: kattiyam a kind of cloth of superior quality (Ta.); katta (Pkt.); ka_tna_ (U.)(Ta.lex.) citar (-pp-, -tt-) to separate, split, cut, hack; n. rag, cloth (Ta.); citaval cutting off, cropping; strip of cloth, rag, torn piece of cloth; citai (-v-, -nt-) to be sundered; (-pp-, -tt-) to shear (Ta.); cintu (cinti-) to cut off (Ta.); cinnikka to cleave, split (Ma.); ci_ntuka to tear (as paper, leaves), strip (a plantain leaf); ci_ntu a shred, strip, streak (Ma.); kidi_ta_na_ to shred chillies, etc. with fingernails (Go.); kithke to mince; kithre to split wood (Malt.)(DEDR 1547). Cloth: sendra cloth (Ga.Go.); hendra id. (Pe.Mand..); handra id. (Mand..); hendra_ id. (Kuwi)[Similar words in Munda languages, cf. Pinnow, p.241: e.g. se_ndara_ (Gutob)](DEDR 2771). ce_n.t.iravar weavers (Ta.); ja_d.a, je_d.a a weaver belonging to the Lin:gavanta sect (Ka.); ja_d.e, ja_d.ye weaver, spider (Tu.); je_n.d.ra, de_n.d.ra a caste of weavers (Te.)(DEDR 2809). citarvai cloth worn out or reduced to a rag (Ta.); citalai small piece of cloth, rag (Ta.); cita_r cloth, rag, thin bark of certain trees used as clothing (Ta.)(DEDR 1953). ci_thar.o old ragged clothes (S.); ci_thr.a_ rag (P.H.); ci_thar. (H.); cithr.u~ rag (G.); cithru~, citri_ rag ((G.)(CDIAL 4802). chittvara fit for cutting, roguish, hostile (Skt.); chittaru, chettaru old household utensil such as an old winnowing basket (Pkt.); chitaru old shoe or mat; chitiro worn out or in pieces (e.g. mat or shoe), troublesome (S.); chittur torn shoe (L.); chittar very old and worn shoe (L.); chi_tar shoe (H.); s'itri_ small and mean hut (M.)(CDIAL 5038).

3673.Cloak, dress: ci_la, s'i_la bag, purse (Ma.); ci_ra, ci_la, ci_lu bag, sack (Ka.); ci.le bag (Kod..)(DEDR 2632). cilai-man. (Ta.) ci_la-mannu (Te.) coat of clay on cloth spread over the mouth of a calcinatory pot; ci_lai (Ta.) cf. ce_la; ci_ra (Te.); se_la (Ka.); ci_la (Ma.) cloth, garment; ci_lai-k-kutumpai yoruka_tu (Tiv. Periya_r... 3,3,1); cloth of 2 1/4 cubits; woman's cloth; man's forelap, ko_van.am; ci_lai-kot.u to present a cloth to a widow in token of marrying her; ci_lai-t-tun.i piece of cloth; clothes; cloth for decoration; ci_lai-p-pe_n- (Ta.) ci_rape_nu (Te.) lice in cloths (Ta.lex.) kucer dress (Bshk.); kuce_la a wretched garment (Mn.); rag (Car.)(CDIAL 3218). ce_la clothes, garment (Gaut.); cloth, garment (Pali.Pkt.); cel dress, cloak (Dm.); ce_li_ bodice (Skt.); cila_ cloth, dress (Pas'.); celet.i shirt (Pas'.); ceu, ce_l cloak (Kal.); cel.a cloth, garment (Or.); hela carpet (Si.)(CDIAL 4910)). Woman's garment: gisi_r. cloth (Go.); kicri_ cloth, garment (Kur.); kic(e)ri (Mundari); kicri_ (Or.)(DEDR 1521). ci_vara dress of an ascetic (S'a_n:khS'r.Pali)[cf. ka_vi red ochre (Ta.); ka.yv sannya_si's dress of orange cloth (Ko.)(DEDR 1490)]; cloth garment (Pkt.); se~ora_ portion of an old cloth (A.); ci_var fine garment (G.); ci_r fine silken woman's garment (G.); sivura, sivra yellow robe of Buddhist monk (Si.)(CDIAL 4846). ci_val that which is loosely woven (Ta.); thinness of cloth (Ma.)(DEDR 2637). Bark, woman's dress: ci_rai bark of a tree (ci_rai tai i ya vut.ukkaiyar : Tirumuru.126); cloth; rags, tatters (Tiruva_lava_. 54,19); ci_rakar Buddhist, as clad in bark (Ta.lex.) ci_ra strip (of bark or cloth)(TA'r.); bark, fibre, bark dress, strip (Pali); rag (Pkt.); ci_raka announcement in a strip of paper (Skt.); c^urⁱ slip of paper (K.); ci_ro a kind of coloured turban (S.); ci_r slit (P.); ci_ra_ variegated turban (P.); chequered turban (Bi.); cut, slit (H.); ciro piece (Ku.); cut, slice (N.); si_r torn or split piece, bark, old torn cloth (A.); sira_ piece of split cane (A.); cir tear, slice, lath, old torn cloth (B.); cira_ torn, a tear (Or.); strip of cloth (M.); ci_r clothes (in general)(Bi.); clothes, woman's dress (Mth.); bark, strip of cloth, bark garment, tear (H.); crack, slit, small piece (G.); clothes (esp. under-garments)(M.); ci_ro slit, long piece of canvas (G.); hira, ira line, streak (Si.)(CDIAL 4843). ci_rai cloth (Ta.); ci_lai cloth, garment, woman's cloth (Ta.); ci_la, s'i_la cloth (Ma.); si.ly a cloak (To.); si_re cloth, garment in general (not sewed)(Ka.); s'i_re, si_re female's garment (Tu.); ci_ra id., any cloth in general (Te.); ci_la cloak (Go.); si_le cloth (Go.); sila paciya dhoti (Kuwi)(DEDR 2629). kir-ige a small si_re worn by girls (Ka.); kirigi, kirige, girigi the garment worn by a girl (Tu.)(DEDR 1592). ki.r (obl. ki.t--) loose bosom and waist of woman's clothes when tied at waist for working (Ko.); girpuni, gidupuni to loosen, untie, break, pull down (Tu.); gidpu loosening (Tu.); girpu, kippu to pluck (Kor.)(DEDR 1616).

3713.Sun: si_ sun (Tor.); swi_r (Mai.); sir (Wot..); so_, s^uo sun (Ash.): so_i, so_ (Wg.); su_ (Kt.); ser (Dm.); sa~_ (Gmb.); su_ra sun (RV.); su_rya (Skt.); su_riya (RV.); su_ri_ a name of Kunti as wife of the sun (Pa_n.. va_rtt.); sauri_ wife of the sun; a name of Tapati_ daughter of the sun (MBh.); saura relating to the sun (MaitrUp.); su_ra sun (Pali.Pkt.); surya (Pali); sujja (Pkt.); suj (L.); sivi the sun's ray (Si.); siju sun (S.); sijjh, sijh, sejj (L.); su_ria (Pkt.); su_ri (Tir.); suri_ (Nin:g. Shum.); su_ri (Gaw.Kal.Kand.); surya (Sv.); su_ri (Phal.); sun, sunshine (Sh.); su~_re, siri_, siri sun (K.); (h)ira, hiri, hiru, hira (Si.); iru (Md.); sur sun (Pas'.); si_r (Bshk.)(CDIAL 13574). cu_riyan- sun (Tiruva_ca. 14,15)(Ta.lex.) lahiru newly risen sun (Si.)(CDIAL 7016).

3699.Image: scale-pan; ?balance: ci_rai scale-pan (ci_raipukka varaiya_ vi_kai yuravo_n-: Purana_. 43,7); ci_r equilibrium; balance; measure, quantity; libra of the zodiac (Ta.lex.) ci_r balance; equilibrium, evenness (Kampara_. Akat. 40); libra of the zodiac; ci_rmai weight (Man.i. 27,254)(Ta.lex.)

3700.Image: shoulder staff for carrying burden: ci_r shoulder staff for carrying burden (Malaipat.u. 154)(Ta.lex.)

3661.Image: ear of corn: cir ear of corn (Kal.)(CDIAL 12452).

3728.Fibrous root: hira band, strip (S'Br.); hir filament of a boiled silk cocoon coming out during spinning (A.); hi_r fibre of certain kinds of wood, the blea or part immediately under bark of a tree (H.); hi_r rib of a leaf, fibre of certain kinds of wood (= hirka_)(M.)(CDIAL 14109). hira_ vein, artery (AV.); hirai hair-like first sprouts of ears of corn (Wpah.)(CDIAL 14113). i_r, i_rkku rib of palm leaf (Ta.)(DEDR 544). si_r., s'i_r, hi_r, i_r root (Go.); ci_ra id. (Pe.); si_ru pl. roots; si_rka id. (Kui); hi_ru, hi_ru_ id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 2626). si_r fibrous root of tree or plant (Mth.); xera_ long slender and round thing, long raised weal (A.); xir vein, artery (A.); sira_ vein, nerve, tendon (Ya_j.)(CDIAL 13421). sira_la, sira_lu having large or numerous veins (VarBr.S.); sira_l.a having conspicuous veins (Or.); s'ira_l having varicose veins, veiny, streaky (M.)(CDIAL 13422). s'ipha_ fibrous or flexible root (Mn.); sibha_ fibrous root of trees (Pkt.); xiha_, xiya_ fine fibrous root; xiya_iba to take root (A.); sia fibrous root, creeping root of banyan tree above ground (Or.); xihari rootlet (A.); s'ihad.a root (OB.)(CDIAL 12443). s'ipha_ruha banyan tree (Skt.); siha_ru the shrub boehmeria salcifolia (having fibrous bark used for making net ropes)(P.)(CDIAL 12444).

3662.Copper; wealth: ci_run.am copper (Kantapu. Vilvalan--va_ta_-vivatai. 13); ci_run.i, ci_rul., ci_rul.iyam copper; ci_rul. prosperity, wealth; lead; pewter (Ta.lex.)

3663.Implements of husbandry: e_r-c-ci_r implements of husbandry; wealth produced by husbandry (W.)(Ta.lex.) cf. ci_r prosperity, wealth; ci_r-ceytal to give presents as to a daughter, on the occasion of her marriage; cf. s'ri_ (Skt.)(Ta.lex.) e_r-t-ta_yam ploughing in season (W.); e_rur..uvu ploughing, tillage, agriculture; extent of land that can be ploughed by two pairs of oxen in a day (G.Sm.D. i,288) (Ta. lex.) e_rur..uvar ploughmen (ville_ rur..avar pakaikol.in-um : Kur-al., 872); e_ro_r id. (Tol. Po. 76); e_ra_l.ar husbandmen, agriculturists, ploughmen (Ta.); e_r-t-tor..ilar agriculturists, husbandmen (Tiva_.)(Ta.lex.) Renown: ci_rtti < ki_rti great reputation, renown (Tol. Col. 313)(Ta.lex.)

3664.Image: ornamental structure: ci_rkkam an ornamental structure in a hall (Perun. Makata. 9,36)(Ta.lex.)

3665.Granary: ce_r straw-receptacle for paddy (G.Tj.D. I,103); granary; ce_r-kat.t.u-tal to measure and store up paddy in straw receptacle or granary; ce_rve_n- excess in quantity of the grain measured and stored up in granary; ce_rat.i the place where granary or straw-receptacle for paddy stands (Ira_mana_. Cun. 3) (Ta.lex.)

3666.Plough; pair of ploughing bullocks: cf. he_rka pl. plough; pair of ploughing bullocks (Kuwi)(DEDR 2816). Image: drill for sowing seed: si(h)a_ra_ drill (for sowing seed)(L.); sia_ra furrow (Or.)(CDIAL 13429). Furrow: ci_tai < si_ta_ furrow (Tiruppo_. Can. Pil.l.ait. Cen:ki_. 8); ci_ta_ (Kampara_. Urukka_. 85); wife of Ra_ma, as having sprung from a furrow (Pur-ana_. 378)(Ta.lex.) Furrow; cultivation: si~_ cultivation (L.); furrow (L.WPah.); furrow, ploughing (P.Si.); si_ id. (P.); the second ploughing (WPah.); [cf. semant. ci_t.t.ai, ci_t.t.ai-k-katir ear of corn in the second growth (J.)(Ta.lex.)]; sia_r. furrow (P.); sea_r. (WPah.); si_a_ furrow (Pkt.); si_ furrow (Pkt.); si_a~, si_vi~ (L.); si_ya~_ a ploughing (L.); siha_ furrow (WPah.); siyo a ploughing; s'yu furrow (Ku.); siyo (N.); hi_, hi_ya furrow, ploughing (Si.); Goddess of agriculture: si_a_ Si_ta_ (Pkt.); siya (OAw.); si_ta_ goddess of agriculture, furrow (RV.); furrow (Pali)(CDIAL 13428). siya_u_ a deity presiding over agriculture (H.)(CDIAL 13428a). si_ta_yaja sacrifice to the furrow (Gr.S.); si_n a ploughing (L.); siun furrow (WPah.)(CDIAL 13430). Ploughed land: si_ta_ a furrow, track or line of a plough-share; (hence) a tilled or furrowed ground, ploughed land; husbandry, agriculture (e.g. si_ta_-dravyam.); name of the daughter of Janaka, king of Mithila, and wife of Rama. [She was so called because she was supposed to have sprung from a furrow made by king Janaka while ploughing the ground... and hence also her epithets, ayomja, dhara_putri_ etc.]; name of a goddess, wife of Indra; si_ta_-dravyam. implements of agriculture, too,ls of husbandry; si_tya measured out by furrows, tilled, ploughed (Skt.lex.) si_tya ploughed (Pa_n..)(CDIAL 13431). Cultivation: cf. se_dya cultivation, farming (Ka.); se_dyamu id. (Te.)(DEDR 2811). Furrow; line; plough: si_ra plough (RV.Pali.Pkt.); ?cords of the plough; furrow; [ac. to BHSkt. ii, 596 si_ra_h- nom. pl. ( = Pali. si_ta_yo) is mistake for si_ta_h., but A. attests meaning 'furrow']; siru a ploughing (Sh.); si_ra long string by which bullocks are guided in the plough (S.); xir furrow, one ploughing; xirlu_ furrow; xirluwa_ furrowed (A.); si_r ploughing (H.); siru-va, siri plough; (h)ira, (h)iri- line, streak (Si.)(CDIAL 13441). siraur furrow; siror, sira_ur (Bi.); siraur ke dharal to plough (Bi.); sira_ur furrow (Mth.)(CDIAL 13442). tsari, tsariye furrow (Kon.lex.) saira belonging to a plough (A_past.)(CDIAL 13441). cf. selli_ rope (Pkt.)(CDIAL 13591). cf. kayir-u rope, cod, string (Ta.); ki.r-na.n. rope (Ko.); ce.ri coconut fibre, coir (Kod..); ce_ru string, cord (Te.); ce_ri fibre (Tu.)(DEDR 1254). hali_ra plough (P.); halasi_ra plough (BHSkt.); haler the day on which neighbours join to plough one man's land (P.); hali_ri_ small plough (P.)(CDIAL 14010). Temple treasure: ci_-pan.t.a_ram (s'ri_ + bha_n.d.a_ra) temple treasure; temple property (Ta.inscr.)(Na_.)(Ta.lex.) ci_vat-vipa_kam < ji_vad-vibha_ga partition of an ancestral estate among sons by the father during his life-time (W.G.)(Ta.lex.) s'ri_ wealth, riches, affluence, prosperity, plenty; royalty, majesty, royal wealth; dignity, high position, state; beauty, grace, splendour; the goddess of wealth, Laks.mi_, the wife of Vis.n.u; decoration; s'ri_-sakhah., s'ri_dah. epithets of Kubera (Skt.lex.) Land cultivated by owner: si_r land cultivated by owner (P.Ku.); sir-jamin (N.); si_r id. (H.)(CDIAL 13441). Management of sacred buildings: ci_karam < s'ri_-kara prosperity, fortune (Kantapu. Cayantan-pu. 20); ci_ < s'ri_ Laks.mi_ (Kantaran. 8); light, brilliancy (Kantaran. 69); part. an honorific prefix added to the names of deities, eminent persons and sacred objects, e.g. ci_ra_man-, ci_pa_tam (Ta.lex.) ci_ka_riyam < s'ri_ + management of sacred buildings and institutions (S.I.I. ii,311)(Ta.lex.) ci_r prosperity, wealth; greatness, excellence, superiority (Pur-ana_. 1)(Ta.); id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) ci_r beauty, esteem, fame, balance, measure (Ta.); good condition, increase (Ma.)(DEDR 2624). s'ri_ light, beauty (RV.); welfare, riches (AV.); siri_ (Pali.Pkt.); si_- prosperity (Pkt.); -s hon. affix to names of relationship (e.g. a_ja_-s, a_ji_-s)(M.); siri health, happiness (Si.)(CDIAL 12708). s're_yas better (RV.); auspicious (MBh.); better state (AV.); seyyo_ nom. sg. m. excellent; happiness (Pali); se_a fortunate; fortune; se_am.sa-, sejjam.sa adj. (Pkt.); s'e_ happy (Gypsy)(CDIAL 12721). cf. s're_s.t.ha most splendid, best (RV.); set.t.ha best (Pali)(CDIAL 12725). cf. semant. se_d.hi_ line, row (Pkt.)(CDIAL 12724). Wealth; prosperity: ci_r-cir-appu great prosperity; gifts to a girl given by her parents on the occasion of her marriage; ci_r-ceytal to give presents, as to a daughter, on the occasion of her marriage; ci_r-pa_t.al extolling or recounting the excellence of wedding parties, usually on the fourth day of marriage; ci_r-varicai presents given to a bride, dowry; ci_ra_t.i-k-kon.t.u-po_kai going of a married girl from her husband's house to her father's on the pretext of a petty quarrel; cir-apput.ai-k-kil.avi words of hospitality (Perun.. Ucaik. 34,44); ci_ra_t.t.utal to extol, applaud (Civaraka. Te_viyut.an-. 24); ci_riyar the noble, the great (Mu_turai, 18); ci_riya_r id. (Na_lat.i, 232); ci_riya adj. of surpassing excellence (Tiv. Tiruppa_. 23); ci_rit.am suitable place or opportunity (Kur-al., 821); ci_rul. prosperity, wealth; ci_rittal to be magnificent (Tan.ikaippu. Kal.avu. 494); ci_ra_l.an- distinguished person (Patin-o. Ar-puta. 44); ci_rtti < ki_rti great reputation, renown (Tol. Col. 313); ci_r-p-pa_t.u greatness (Periyapu. Tiruna_vuk. 11); ci_r (-pp-, -tt-) to be excellent, be superior (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 8,7,6); be suitable, fitting (as an opportunity)(Kur-al., 490); fall into rhythmic movement; n. prosperity, wealth; beauty, gracefulness (Malaipat.u. 570); goodness; greatness, excellence, superiority (Pur-ana_. 1); paramount importance (Tirumuru. 220); esteem, regard, reputation, fame, nature, good normal condition, literal meaning; equilibrium (Kampara_. Akat. 40); evenness, balance; measure, quantity (Pur-ana_. 6,8); heaviness; time-measure, song, metrical foot, sound of musical instruments; ci_rmai greatness, excellence, eminence (Kur-al., 123); reputation, renown (Tacaiva_. 241); weight (Man.i. 27,254); moderateness; decorum, good behaviour (Tiruppu. 109); smoothness, evenness, polish; [cillaa shining (Pkt.); cilkan.u to be bright (S.); cillo smooth, polished (N.); cilakna_ to be bright (H.)(CDIAL 4827)]; ci_rppu excellence (Perun.. Ucaik. 42,148); ci_rkka to swell, become stout; ci_rppikka to increase; ci_r-u good condition, luck (Ma.)(DEDR 2624). cir-a (-pp-, -tt-) to be eminent, illustrious (Pur-ana_. 6,19); surpass, excel (Tiruva_ca. 1,61); be abundant (Maturaik. 244); to be dear (Kur-al., 515); be auspicious, be graceful; rejoice (Kantapu. Yuttaka_n.. Emaku_. 31); cir-anto_r the great, the illustrious, gods, relaives, ascetis; cir-appu pre-eminence, superiority (Tol. Po. 28); pomp, grandeur; that which is special, distinctive, peculiar,opp. to potu (Kur-al., 972); abundance, wealth, prosperity (Pur-ana_64,5); happiness (Kur-al., 1208); honours, privileges (Cilap. 16,109)(Ta.); regard, esteem (Kur-al., 195); courtesy, hospitality (Na_lat.i, 159; present, gift (Kur-al., 590); foodstuffs provided for the marriage parties at a wedding; periodical festival in a temple (Kur-al., 18); a ceremony observed by Na_t.t.ukko_t.t.ai Chetty community; heaven, heavenly bliss (Kur-al., 31); cir-appet.uttal to celebrate a festival (Arut.pa_. 1, Cecar-i, 388); cir-avu meritorious deed (Tiruva_ca. 5,86); cir-appa_t.u excellence, splendour (Te_va_. 500,4)(Ta.); cir-avu meritorious deed (Ta.); cir-akka (cir-annu) to be glorious (Ma.); ser-apu hospitality, honour, festival (Ka.)(DEDR 2589). ir-a (-pp-, -nt-) to go obeyond, transcend, excel, be pre-eminent, pass by (of time), transgress; ir-appa much, exceedingly; ir-appu transgression, passing, excess, abundant (Ta.); er-t- (er-ty-) to overcome in contest, outstrip (To.); esna_ (essas) to transgress (Kur.)(DEDR 515). Full: a_ru fullness, abundance; to the full of, fully; cf. nu_r-a_ru, sa_vira_ru (Ka.); a_r to be united (Ka.); a_l to be complete (Te.); a_r to bind (Te.); a_l to heap up (Ma.); a_r to abound, to be filled, to teem (Ka.); a_ra so that it or they be filled, or to the full of (Ka.Ta.); a_ra-ka_d.u a perfect wild: a place that has never been cultivated (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) e_ra_l.am abundance, plentitude, plenty (Ira_mana_. Cun. 3); e_ra_l.amu, pe_ra_l.amu (Te.); he_ra_l.a (Ka.); he_ral.a (Tu.)(Ta.lex.) Whole; strong: sa_ra value; essential (Pali); sara (Dhp.); sala, s'a_la the essential (As'.); sa_ra strength, wealth (Pkt.); sa_ru the best part, whole (Ap.); sa_r all (Gypsy); sar, sa_ro (Gypsy); sa_ra whole (Ash.); sa_re (Wg.); sa_ro fully developed, full, filled (Sh.); sa_r essence; sr^y essential, all; saurui all; sa_ru_i_ (K.); sa_ru pith, essence; sa_ro whole (S.); sa_ra_ whole, all (L.); sa_r pith; sa_ra_ whole (P.); sa_re adv. completely; sa_ri_ adj. all (WPah.); sa_ro complete (Ku.); sa_rhai adv. very (N.); sa_ra_ whole (B.); whole, completed (Or.); whole (OAw.H.); sa_ra, sa_ro all, complete, whole (OMarw.); sa_ru~ whole, good (G.); sa_ra_ whole (M.); sara_ whole, complete (Si.)(CDIAL 13355). cf. a_r (-v-, -nt-) to become full; n. fullness, completeness (Ta.) (DEDR 368). Strength; abundance: a_r-r-u (a_r-r-i-) to become strong, powerful, be possible, be sufficient, accumulate (as wealth), sustain, carry; a_r-r-al strength, power, prowess, ability, abundance, endurance, courage; a_r-r-a greatly, exceedingly, entirely; a_n-r-a excellent, grand, splendid; a_n-r-al greatness, dignity, abundance, copiousness; a_n-r-avar, a_n-r-a_r, a_n-r-o_r erudite, wise persons; a_n-r-o_l. lady of exalted character (Ta.); a_r-r-uka to grow richly, thrive; a_r-r-am much; a_r-r-al growing; healthy, magnificent growth; a_nr-a wide, excellent (Ma.); a.r- (only in negative, following S -ul.) not to be willing to do so-and-so; (only in negative, following S -l) cannot do so-and-so (Ko.); o.xar-e- you will not be (To.); a_r- (a_rt-) to be or become strong, be powerful, able, or competent, be possible, can, may, be adequate, be able for, be able to endure; a_r-u power, daring, self-will; a_rpu might, force, daring, valour; a_ke power, valour; a_pa being strong, being able, being possible (Ka.); a.t- (a.ti-) (body) attains maturity (at about 21 years), (fruit, grain) becomes mature but not yet ripe; a.ti full-grown but not yet ripe (guava, jack, coconut)(Kod..); a_t.u, a~_t.u to be adequate, sufficient, be capable of, endure (Te.)(DEDR 407). arr- to be correct, be satisfactory; arro taboo, used chiefly of food; aror enemy (Go.); abga to be seemly, be proper, be fitting, be suitable, suit, fit, agree, fulfil; n. suitability (Kui)(DEDR 325).

3667.To sprinkle, shake out: si_r-umbul. being scattered, sprinkled, etc. (Ka.); ci.rl (to rain) in a drizzle (Ko.); si.r spray (To.); si_r-u to be scattered, be sprinkled, fly about; si_r-pani spray or fine drops of water (Ka.); ji_ria_ fountain (Te.); sir.k to sprinkle water (Te.); si_rpa (si_rt-) to shake out, sprinkle; n. act of sprinkling, shaking out; sir.si giva to sprinkle (Kui)(DEDR 2640). sira_, si_ra_ stream (RV.); sira stream (OG.); se_r bleeding at the nose, bleeding (K.)(CDIAL 13421). siran.u to flow, glide (S.); seran.u to move, put on one side (S.); sirra spoutingly (of blood or water flowing)(N.); sirko flowing, gliding (S.); sirko a rush or stream (of milk)(N.)(CDIAL 13420). Image: to fling, throw: cir-umu to fling, throw (Te.)(DEDR 2640).

3668.Image: string of pearls: sarika_ string of pearls (Skt.)(CDIAL 13260).

3669.Tank: caracu a tank, pond, lake (Tirukka_l.at. Pu. 14,8)(Ta.lex.) cir-ai tank, bank, boundary (Ta.); cir-a tank, reservoir, enclosure, dam, limit (Ma.); ker tank (Ko.); ker-f- (ker-t-) (water) is dammed (To.); ker-e tank (Ka.); kere tank (Kod..); ker, kir, kedu an artificial tank (Tu.); cer-uvu, ceruvu artificial lake, tanki (Te.); ceru tank (Kol.); saru tank (Nk.); eru pond, tank (Go.); ket.- to shut (Ga.); keR- (-t-) to build a wall (as enclosure)(Kond.a); ker- to fence (Kuwi) (DEDR 1980). saras lake, pool (RV.); sara lake, pond (Pali.Pkt.); sur fountain, lake or pool with bubbling water unfit to bathe in (Ash.); [cf. cun-ai mountain pool or spring, tank, reservoir (Ta.)(DEDR 2716)]; sor, so_r lake (Wg.); sur fountain (Kt.); sur, su_ru (Pr.); sar pool, pond (Phal.); sar, saruna pool, lake (Kal.); sar pool, pond (Phal.); sar lake, flood (in river), standing water (Sh.); sar pond, lake (K.); saru pond, tank (S.); sar (P.H.G.); sara lake, name of a lake near Puri (Or.); sara pool, tank (OAw.); sara pond, lake, sea (Si.)(CDIAL 13254).

4034. Goldsmith's chisel; cutting: chewani chisel (N.); chewni (H.); che_dana cutting; act of cutting (MBh.); instrument for cutting (Pali); che_dana cutting; che_danaka one who cuts (Pali); che_an.a cutting, a tool (Pkt.) chyun^u goldsmith's chisel (K.); chen.i_ smith's cold chisel (S.); che_n.i_ chisel (L.); chain.i_ cold chisel; chaini_ (P.); chin.i iron wedge for splitting wood (WPah.); chi_n.o iron crowbar; chen.i a tool (Ku.); chinu, cheni chisel (N.); sena_ chisel, instrument for letting blood (A.); cheni wedge (B.); cheni wedge (B.); chen.a_ scraping a log with an adze, iron pick; chen.i_ cold chisel, punch (Or.); che_ni_ (Bi.Bhoj.Aw.); cheni_ chisel for notching millstones (H.); chen.i_, chi_n.i_ chisel (G.); sevana separation (Si.); chevan.i_ potter's cutting string (S.)(CDIAL 5066). cf. cimni, chini a chisel (Santali.lex.) ca_na, ca_n.a, ce_n.a, ci_ran.a a small chisel (Ka.); se_na id. (Te.)(Ka.lex.) To cut, slit, peel: chirnu to pierce, bore a hole (N.); siriba to tear (A.); s'irn.e~ to enter forcibly or suddenly; s'irakn.e~ to pierce (M.)(CDIAL 5049). chinna cut off (AV.); cut (Pali); chinnaka cut (Pali); cinist pret. of cya_ to cut asunder, break (Kt.); chinoiki to cut; chinyo_nu to tear (Sh.); chyon^u cut off; chenun to be split (K.); chino pp. of chijan.u, chinan.u to snap off, pluck (S.); chin socket, mortise; chinnan. to mortise, cut a socket (L.); chinon.u_ to be torn; chilli small clip of wood (WPah.); chinnu to break with one stroke (N.); chininu to be cut in two; china_unu to break, pluck (N.); china_, china_na to break, tear away (Or.); chi_nai snatches away (Or.); china_iba_ to break, tear away (Or.); chi_nai snatches away (OAw.); chi_nna_ to snatch, pluck (H.); chinvu~ to slit, peel; chi_navvu~ to snatch, take away (G.); s'ina_ separate (M.); sun cut off (Si.)(CDIAL 5047). chinatti cuts (RV.); chin.vu~ to slit, peel (G.); chan.vu~ to scratch (G.)(CDIAL 5045). chinatti, pl. chindanti cuts off, splits (RV.); chindati (Pali); chim.nati, pp. chim.nida (NiDoc.); chim.dai (Pkt.); chind to cut (Pas'.); chindani_, chindana_ knife (Pas'.); chindiba to cut (A.); chindiba_ to cut off (Or.); s'ind^ata_ cuts (Konkan.i); sindinava_, hindinava_ to cut off, pluck off (as feather), presses out (as oil)(Si.); s'e~dn.e~ to make small cuts in (M.); chin, cin to cut; chin, chen (Gypsy); cena_, cina_ to divide, put aside, hide (Ash.); chin to cut, break (Dm.); cen to cut, fell (Wg.); cin to tear (Gaw.); sin to cut (Wot..); chin to cut, break, fell (Kal.); chin to cut, break, pluck (Kho.); cin to cut (Bshk.Tor.); chin to cut, break (Phal.)(CDIAL 5046).

5043a.Chisel used in cutting metals: ci_ran.a, ci_rn.a, ji_rn.a a small chisel, esp. used in cutting metals (Ka.); ci_ran.amu a small chisel (Te..); cirn.e~ id.. (M.)(DEDR 2627). ciran.i_ a small chisel, esp. used in cutting metals (M.)(Ka.lex.) cf. irne chisel (Kon.lex.) cf. sira_n.i large whetstone (S.)(CDIAL 12462). ca_y, cira_y splinter (Tirumuru. 312)(Ta.lex.) ki_r-u (ki_r-i-) to slit, tear, rend, cut, gash, slice; n. gash, cut, slice, piece (Ta.); ki_r-al tearing; ki_r-r-u slice, piece; ki_l (ki_lv-, ki_nr-) to rend, tear (Ta.); ki_r-u rag, shred; ki_r-r-u fragment, piece (Ma.); ki_ntuka to slice, cleave; ki_ntal a slice, piece (Ma.); ki.r- (ki.ry-) to tear, gash; ki.r gash (Ko.); ki.r-- (ki.r-y-) to tear (Ko.); ki_tu piece, slice (of fruits, flesh)(Ka.); ki.r- (ki.ri-) to tear; ki.t- (ki.ti-) id.; gi.r- (gi.ri-) to make gash; ki.ti torn piece (paper, cloth)(Kod..); ki_runi to split; ki_ru split, rift; ki_tu part, bit, splinter (Tu.); gi_r-u to tear, rend (Te.); gi~_t.u id. (Te.); kirr, ki_r a wound; keerk a bit or piece (Go.)(DEDR 1624).

3670.Row, collection; arrangement: cire_n.i street, row of houses (Pin..); herdsmen's street (Cu_t.a_.); line, row, series (Can.. Aka.); cire_n.iyam id. (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.) s're_n.i line, row, troop (RV.); sen.i row of rafters in a thatched roof, the wooden plates on which the rafters are put crosswise (Or.); se_n.i row, collection (Pkt.)(CDIAL 12718). cf. se_na_ army (RV.Pali)(CDIAL 12718). ce_n.i ladder; order, arrangement (Ta.lex.) ce_n.i (vicaiyar ce_n.i celavit.t.u: Cu_l.a_. Cuyam. 192); party of workmen, set of players, company of travellers, kur..u (J.)(Ta.lex.) cf. vicam the Vindhya mountains (Ta.lex.) Eighteen servile castes: cire_n.iyar the eighteen servile castes, patin-en. kut.imakkal. (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.)[The eighteen kut.i-makkal. are: van.n.a_n-, na_vitan-, kuyavan-, tat.t.a_n-, kan-n-a_n-, kar-r-accan-, kollan-, taccan-, en.n.ey-va_n.ikan-, uppu-va_n.ikan-, ilai-va_n.ikan-, pal.l.i, pu_ma_lai-k-ka_ran-, par-aiyan-, ko_vir--kut.iya_n-, occan-, valaiyan-, pa_n.an- (W.); the term kut.i-makkal. also means 'slaves' (Tiv. Tiruma_lai. 13, Vya_.)(Ta.lex.)]

3515b.Image; rat: ginen orli a kind of rat (Pe.); ginen urli id. (Mand..); ginesi orli id. (Kuwi); genesi orli squirrel (Kuwi)(DEDR 1605). orli rat (Pe.); urli id. (Mand..); od.ri id. (Kui); ori'i id., mouse (Kui); or.li, orli rat (Kuwi)(DEDR 994).

3515a Image: vein of leaf: i-n-ai vein of a leaf (Ta.); i_ne mid-rib of a leaf, or any one of the ribs running from it (Te.); i_n.a a sinew (Kuwi)(DEDR 556). hi_r rib of a leaf (M.); hira band, strip (S'Br.)(CDIAL 14109). hira_ vein, artery (AV.); yu_ru vein (Kal.); yuru vein, artery, pulse (Kho.); hirai hairlike first sprouts of ears of corn (WPah.); ira placenta of cow or buffalo (Or.)(CDIAL 14113). i_r, i_rkku, i_rkkil rib of palm leaf (Ta.); i_rkkil, i_kkil, i_rkkal, i_l. stalk of coconut leaf, mid-rib of any palm leaf (Ma.); ci_kuru rib of palm leaf (Tu.)(DEDR 544). sira_ vein, nerve, tendo (Ya_jn~.); id. (Pali); sira_, chira_ vein, sinew (Pkt.); si_r fibrous root of tree or plant (Mth.)(CDIAL 13421).

3515.Artillery: jinsi_ a heavy piece of artillery (P.lex.) s'i_ra pointed, sharp (RV.)(CDIAL 12495). ir-ai chief, eminence (Ta.); ir-a_n, ra_n sire, used in addressing princes (Ma.); er-e state of being a master or husband (Ka.); er-a lord (Te.)(DEDR 528). irmu_ throw!; irh'nai to pelt (Kuwi)(DEDR 859). ey arrow (Ta.); e_ shooting, arrow (Ta.); e_vu arrow (Ta.)(DEDR 805). er-i (-v, -nt-) to throw, discharge; throw, fling, kick; er-iva missiles (Ta.)(DEDR 859). ji_a_na_ to throw, strike, hit (Go.); to beat, kill; ji_ to strike, beat; hi_ to strike, shoot with bow; caus. jih-; i_ to strike, beat (Go.); ji_ali to shoot an arrow; ji_ to shoot with bow; ji_ to shoot (Kuwi)(DEDR 2602). injna_ to shoot (arrows)(Kur.); in.he (inj-) to pelt; ece to throw out (Malt.); eyttu shooting (Ma.); eyyuka to shoot an arrow (Ma.); ey to discharge arrows (Ta.)(DEDR 805).

3514.Armoury: ji_nas'a_le an armoury (Ka.lex.) je a particle of respect (G.M.); jayati conquers (RV.)(CDIAL 5143). jina_ti overpowers (RV.); conquers (Pali); jin.ai, ppp. jin.iya (Pkt.); ze_nun, pp. zyu_nu to conquer, earn (K.); jin.an., pp. jitta_ (L.); jin.nu~ (WPah.); ziniba (A.); jina_ (B.); jin.iba_ (Or.); jin.iu conquered (OG.); jin.an.em. (OM.); dinanava_, dananu victory (Si.)(CDIAL 5226). ji win (Skt.); jita won, conquered (RV.); ji_n.em. to win (OM.); jita (Pali); jia (Pkt.); jittn.a_ to conquer (P.); zi_tn.u_, jittan., jittn.a_, jitn.a_ (WPah.); ji_tn.o (Ku.); jitnu (N.); zi_tiba (A.); jita_ (B.); jitiba_ (Or.); ji_tab (Mth.); ji_tai (OAw.); ji_tna_ (H.); ji_tan.u (S.); ji_tvu~ (G.); jitn.e~ (M.); ji_pai wins (OG.); zikiba to conquer (A.); ji~kn.e~ (M.); jikta_ (Kon.); jin.n.a conquered (Ap.); dina victory (Si.)(CDIAL 5224). jiti gaining, victory (RV.); ziy victory, earnings, profit (K.)(CDIAL 5225). cf. se_na_ army (RV.Pali); sen.a (Dhp.); sena (KharI.); sen.a_ (Pkt.); si~ (Sh.); si_na (K.); sena (OAw.); sen (H.Si.)(CDIAL 13587). s'en.ai, s'en.vai_, s'en.vi_ a class of brahmans (M.); s'en.vi (Kon.); se_na_pati general (Pali); se_n.a_vai (Pkt.); senevi general (Si.); se_na_pati leader of an army (AitBr.)(CDIAL 13589). xena_ soldier (A.); sena, sena_ (Or.); sena_ general, official who collects revenue in a village (H.); sen.na, sin.n.a army (Pkt.); sen (G.); se_niya soldier (Pali); seniya, seni (NiDoc.); sainya belonging to an army; soldier; army (MBh.); sainika id. (MBh.); sem.niga (NiDoc.); se_n.iga (Pkt.)(CDIAL 13602).

4011.Image: worm, insect: ji_, jhi_ louse (Phal.); jia_ worm (Or.); ji_v insect (G.); jivr.u~ insect; jivr.o small creature (G.); ji_v mite, insect (M.)(CDIAL 5239).

4012.Live long!: ci_va < ji_va expr. meaning 'may you live long' (Ci_vaka. 323)(Ta.); ci_vakan- < ji_vaka the hero of the epic Ci_vaka-cinta_man.i, a Jain epic poem composed by Tiruttakkate_var, about the beginning of 10th century, one of paca-ka_viyam (Ta.lex.) ji_va the soul; life; ji_vana, ji_va_na living, means of substence, livelihood (Pali); ji_vika_-kappaka finding one's livelihood (Pali)[vi_vus (Lat.); quius (Goth.); queck (OHG.); quick (E.); gyvas (Lith.); diaura diet (Gr.)] (Pali. lex.) ji_va long live! (imper. of ji_vati)(Skt.); ji_u yes, honorific particle added to names (S.); particle of assent or respect (L.P.); jyu_ term of respectful address (Ku.); jiu particle of assent or respect (N.); ji (B.); ji_ (H.G.M.); [as honorific particle added to names perh. < 3 sg. ji_vatu](CDIAL 5240). ji_vati is alive (RV.Pali); ji_vai, ji_ai (Pkt.); jiv (Gypsy); zonu to exist (Sh.); zuwun to live (K.); jian.u (S.); ji_van. (L.); ji_un.a_ (P.); ji_n.u_ (WPah.); jyu_n.o (Ku.); jiunu (N.); ziba (A.); jiya_ (B.); ji_iba_ (Or.); jiyab (Mth.); ji_yal (Bhoj.); ji_yai, jiai (OAw.); ji_na_ (H.); ji_vai (OMarw.); ji_vvu~ (G.); jin.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 5241). ji_va living; any living being, vital breath (RV.); life (MBh.); life, soul (Pali); living creature (As'.); life, living creature (Pkt.); ji~_a id. (Pkt.); ji_vaka living; living being (Skt.); zi_v, zuv living creature, body (K.); ji_u life, living being, animal; jiur.o body, person (S.); ji_u life, soul; ji_ creature (P.); jyu_, jyo life, soul; jiyaro (Ku.); jiu body, life (N.); zi_u soul; zi_ya_ alive, fresh (of meat or vegetables)(A.); ji_u, ji life, spirit, courage (B.); ji_u spirit of the dead (Or.); ji_ life, mind, heart (Or.); ji_a~_ living (Or.); jiu life, soul; jia_ life (Mth.); ji_u, jiw animal, life (Bhoj.); jiu life (Aw.); ji_u, jiw animal, life (Bhoj.); jiu life (Aw.); ji_u, ji_, jiya_ life, soul (H.); ji_va living being (OMarw.); ji_v living being, life (G.); ji_v living being, energy (M.); ji_vu life (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 5239). ji_vatva state of life (Ra_matUp.); zi_wuth, zi_watas condition of a living being, life (K.)(CDIAL 5242). ji_vana vivifying (S'Br.); life (RV.); livelihood (Pali); ji_van.a, ji_an.a life (Pkt.); ji_on, jiniste (Kt.); ji_un. livelihood (P.); jiu_n. (P.); ji_n. life (WPah.); zi_yan water applied to a plant to revive it, means of living (A.); jion, jian remaining alive (B.); jioni fishmonger who keeps fresh fish alive (B.); jiuni livelihood (Or.); jian life (Bhoj.); jiana (OAw.); ji_an, jiyan (H.); ji_van. livelihood (G.); jin.e~ life (M.)(CDIAL 5243). ji_vanta long-lived (Skt.); ji_vant living (RV.)[pres. part. of ji_vati]; jivam.taga, jivam.ti living (NiDoc.); jivam.ta (Pkt.); jindo, jido (Gypsy); jit, zit body; yo_n, yu~_test alive (Ash.); ji_t body; je~_ta alive (Wg.); jit body (Kt.); za~ta alive (Dm.); jinde (Tir.); jimandu_ (Pas'.); jando (Pas'.); zi_t body (Nin:g. Shum.); syen alive (Wot..); zia~_ta (Gaw.); jhan, jha_nd body (Kal.); zunu alive (Kho.); ju_nu (Kal.); ja_ndo (Bshk.); jandi_ (Tor.); ja_ndu (Phal.); ji_nu, udu, zonu (Sh.); ji~_da_, jund body; junda_ alive (L.); zintu_, jinta_, ji~_ta_ (WPah.); jyu~_da_, jyu_no (Ku.); jiu~do (N.); zi_yanta_ (A.); jiyanta (B.); ji_anta_ (Or.); ji_ta_ (H.); jivtu~ (G.); ji~t, jita_ (M.)(CDIAL 5244). ji_vama_na living (MBh.); alive (Pali); ji_vama_naka alive (Pali); ji_ya_na kept alive (MB.); jiono (B.); divaman, di_manu alive (Si.)(CDIAL 5246). ji_vaputra having live offspring (RV.); ji_vapraja (A_s'vGr..); je~a_c woman whose child is living (B.)(CDIAL 5249). ji_va_payati restores to life (R.); ji_vayati (RV.); ji_va_ve_i (Pkt.); jiva_un.a_ to revive, feed (P.); jiya_unu to resuscitate (N.); ziya_iba id. (A.); jiya_na to keep alive (as fish in a pond)(B.); ji_a_iba_ to revive (Or.); jiwa_na_ (H.); jivavin.e~ to bring to life (M.); jio_n.o~_ to wax (of moon)(WPah.)(CDIAL 5250). ji_vita living, life (RV.); life, lifetime (Pali); ji_vita_ya dat. sg. (As'.); ji_via, ji_a (Pkt.); ji_o pp. of ji_an.u (S.); kha_yo-jiyo livelihood (N.); ji_vi_ life (OG.); divi (Si.)(CDIAL 5252). jivtar life (G.)(CDIAL 5253).

4013.Land for livelihood: [ji]vl land granted for maintenance as reward for service (OSi.); divela id., pay (Si.); *ji_va-va_t.i_ garden for livelihood (Skt.); ji_v live (Skt.)(CDIAL 5251). ci_vantan- < ji_vantah. nom. pl. of ji_vat living person (Ta.); ji_vante id. (Tu.)(Ta.lex.) Rice offerings in a temple: ci_pali (s'ri_ + bali) rice offering in a temple; a small idol carried round the temple every day; daily procession of ci_pali idol around the temple, making offerings to the minor deities (Cilap. Uraiper-ukat.. 4, Urai.); ci_-pa_ta-k-ku_li wages of vehicle-bearers in a temple; ci_pa_tan-ta_n:kikal. vehicle-bearers attached to a temple, as supporting the feet of god; ci_var-cam < s'ri_-vatsa image of Laks.mi carried on special occasions, as a symbol of auspiciousness (Tiruvil.ai. Tiruman.ap. 67)(Ta.lex.) jilo livelihood (N.); ji_vala full of life (AV.); ji_va_la_ (Skt.); jil life (Sh.); jiaro alive (S.); jila_na_ to vivify (H.); jiva_lan.a_ to revivify (P.); jiya_lo tenacious of life (N.); jiva_l. living (G.); jiva_l.(h)a_ soul (M.)(CDIAL 5247). For suffix va_l.- cf.: va_r.. (-v-, -nt-) to exist, live, flourish (Ta.)(DEDR 5372).

3514f.Chisel: ca_n.a, ca_na, ce_na a small chisel (Ka.); ce_nu, ce_n.u awl, chisel (Tu.); se_namu id. (Te.)(DEDR 2445).

3514a.Razor: sine, heni razor (Kui); hin.- (-h-), hirhali, hinh'nai to shave;hin.pa, hir.pa, hinipa, hin.ipa razor (Kuwi); sinpa (-t-) to shave (beard, head, etc.); sinpis- (-t-) to cause to shave; sir-im razor (Kond.a); hen- (-t-) to shave (Pe.); silpa (silt-) to shave (berd, head); n. a shave (Kui); in.un:ku (in.un:ki-) to pull off as a leaf from a twig, pluck as a flower (Ta.)(DEDR 2522). cinala, cinala_ sharp (Ash.); cenala (Wg.)(CDIAL 12441). s'ita whettted, sharp (RV.); sita sharp (Pali); sia (Pkt.); cya (Kt.); ci_l edge, sharp (Kal.); cilaka sharp; ci_ra sharp (Kal.); hiya, iya, i_-ya arrow (Si.)(CDIAL 12438). s'o_ to whet (Skt.); sam.s'yat (metr. sam.s'iyat) 3 sg. imperf. being sharp (RV.); ci_~ta, ci_~ti sharp (Dm.)(CDIAL 12447). s'i_ra pointed, sharp (RV.); s'i_rin a kind of kus'a grass (Skt.)(CDIAL 12495). nis'a_na whetting (Vop.); nisa_na hone (Pali); n.isa_n.a (Pkt.); nisa_n.a_ (M.); nihun.u-ga_nava_ to whet (Si.(CDIAL 7432). nis'ita sharpened (RV.); nisita id. (Pali); n.isia (Pkt.); nisila_ (OM.); niyu (Si.)(CDIAL 7435). nis'yati sharpens (AitBr.); nisiba_ to whet (Or.)(CDIAL 7456).

3672.Whetstone: sira_n.i large whetstone (S.) (-a_- < -a_ha_-), sara_n. (G.) -- Derivation from intrusive r from s'a_na is most unlikely; but an -n- extension of s'ila_- as in pa_s.a_n.a ~ pa_s'i_ is possible.](CDIAL 12462). sala_r.i_, sala_r.u~ cobbler's whetstone (G.)(dissimilation from l. -- d.) (CDIAL 12460). cf. s'a_na whetstone (Skt.)(CDIAL 12388). sira brick (S.); sil brick (L.); sillh, silh brick, hone (L.); si_l grindstone (Bi.); silla_, silli_ barber's whetstone (Bi.); si_l stone (Mth.); silli_ = sili_ (H.); s'ila_ rock, crag (AV.); lower millstone (Skt.); sila_ rock, stone, quartz (Pali); stone (As'.); stone slab (Pkt.); s'il flat stone for braying things on (Sh.); s'e_l large stone, rock (K.); s'il stone slab used for sharpening knives or grinding spices (WPah.); sil id. (P.); rock, flat grinding stone (H.); sili_ whetstone, hone (Ku.); stone, whetstone, hone, touchstone (H.); silo stone for grinding spices on (Ku.); sili whetstone (N.); xil stone, hailstone (A.); sil flat stone for grinding on, hail (B.); sil.a stone, grinding stone (Or.); sil.a_ hailstone (Or.); sal., sal.i_ whetstone (G.); sala_r.i_, sala_r.u~ cobbler's whetstone (G.); s'i_l. stone (esp. smooth flat stone)(M.); sal-a rock, mountain (Si.)(CDIAL 12459). The hard stone used in cutting metals is related to the second element in these compounds and semantically to 'hailstone': a.n-gal hail (Ko.); a_n.i-kallu, a_n.e-kallu, a_ni-kal, a_ne-gallu hailstone (Ka..); a_n.e-kallu id. (Tu.)(DEDR 355).] sala_t. stone-cutter (G.)(<? sal.a_t)(CDIAL 12460).

3670b.Edge of a blade: e_n-am tool (Ta.); e_nam tool (Ma.)(DEDR 918). e_nu one edge of a blade of hoe or spade (Te.); e_n. e_n.u edge, point (Ka.); e.ner edge (Ko.); e_n.u edge, chiefly the three edges of the coconut (Ma.); e_n. e_n.i boundary, limit (Ta.)(DEDR 886). e_n., e_n.am, e_n.ai, e_t.ci firmness; en. strength (Ta.); e_n.am steadfastness (Ma.); e_n.u energy, firmness, stability (Ma.)(DEDR 886).

3670a.Image; elephant: e_ni, e_n, aini_, e_nig, ye_ni_, e_nal elephant (Go.); e_ngu, e_ni (Kond.a); ya_n-ai, a_n-ai (Ta.); a_na (Ma.); a.n (Ko.To.); a_ne, ya_ne (Ka.); a.ne (Kod..); a_ne (Tu.); e_nugu, e_nika, e_niga, e_nige, e_nuga (Te.); ena_gi_, e_ngi (Kol.); e_nagi_ (Nk.); e_nu pl. (-l)(Pa.)(DEDR 5161).

3885.Squirrel: t.ilka squirrel (Mand..); t.illi, tilli, t.ili orli id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 2959). sid.d.e squirrel (Kol.); s'id.d.e id. (Nk.); cid.ra_l, cid.ral (pl. cid.rahk) id. (Go.); cir.ra_, cid.ra_ id. (Kur.); sirkuli squirrel (Kond.a); hirkoli id. (Pe.); siruni, sirur.i, herur.i id. (Kui); her'ur.i, hir'uni id. (Kuwi); cikrod.a id. (Skt.); cikro_d.amu (Te.); ci_khur (H.)(DEDR 2518). can.ilu, canilu, tan.ilu, an.ilu squirrel ()Tu.); an.il, an.ilam, an.iyal, an.n.atta_n squirrel (Ta.); an.il, an.n.al, an.n.a_n id.; en.un:ku a variety of mountain squirrel (Ma.); e.n.d.l. squirrel (Ko.); an.il id. (To.); an.al, an.il, al.ale, al.il, al.ul, al.l.u_ma, a_l.indaki, in.aci, can.ila id. (Ka.); an.ekot.t.i id. (Kod..)(DEDR 2315). ud.ute squirrel (Ka.); ud.uta id. (Te.)(DEDR 590). ur-uta squirrel (Te.); ur-uttal id. (Ta.)(DEDR 713). ginem orli a kind of rat (Pe.); ginen urli id. (Mand..); ginesi orli id.; genesi orli squirrel (Kuwi)(DEDR 1605). cf. orli rat (Pe.); urli id. (Mand..)(DEDR 994).

3514j.Image:pregnancy: i_n. (i_n.p-, i_n.r--) to bear, bring forth; i_r-r-am giving birth (Ta.); i_nuka to shoot into ears; bring forh, yean (Ma.); i_n (i_d-) to bring forth young, yean, cub (Ka.); hi_ning to lamb, kid, foal, calf, etc. (Br.)(DEDR 555). cin-ai foetus, embryo, pregnancy (Ta.); cana pregnancy (Ma.)(DEDR 2592). jan be born (Skt.); janani_ mother (S'a_n:khS'r.Pali.); jan.an.i_ (Pkt.); jan.n.i_ (P.)(CDIAL 5100); janana birth (Mn.); jan.an.a (Pkt.); janani family, race (B.); dananaya birth, production (Si.)(CDIAL 5099). janita born (Skt.Pali); jan.ia (Pkt.); dini, dunu (Si.)(CDIAL 5104). zut birth (Kt.); swa_t, zo_t. lying-in house (Pr.)(CDIAL 5109). janiman birth (RV.); dinim birth (Si.)(CDIAL 5107). janus birth, race (RV.)(CDIAL 5108). jantu offspring, creature, man (RV.); any animal of lowes order, insect, worm (Mn.); living being (Pali); jam.tu (Pkt.)(CDIAL 5110). jama_rau birth, life (OG.)(CDIAL 5111). janmada progenitor (Skt.); jama_n birth (Pas'.)(CDIAL 5112). janman birth, creature (RV.); janman, janana birth (Pali); janma, gen. jas.a (NiDoc.); jamma, jan.a (Pkt.); jamu birth, age (S.); jam birth (L.); ja_m son, seed; anja_ma_ barren; jamr.a_ father; jamr.i_ mother (H.); ja_ma birth (OB.); jamm birth, offspring, growth (P.); jammai is born (Pkt.); jaman.u to be born, take root (S.); jamman., jaman. to be born, grow; jaman.a_ birth (L.); jammn.a_ to be born, to come into existene, grow (P.); to bear (P.); jama_un.a_ to act as midwife (P.); jamn.a_ to be born, bear; jamn.o_~ to grow (WPah.); ja_mn.o to germinate (Ku.); ja_mal to grow (Bhoj.); ja_mna_ to germinate, sprout; jama_na_ to plant (a tree etc.)(H.) (CDIAL 5113). jammia born (Pkt.); jammi_~ born, flourishing (P.)(CDIAL 5115).jan to be born, bears (Gypsy); dana having been born (OSi.); janyate_ is born (Pa_n..)(CDIAL 5117). jan to bear, be born (Gypsy); dana absol. having been born (Si.inscr.); ja_ne_ti begets (Pali); jan- to bear (Kho.)(CDIAL 5192). za to be born (Wg.); ja_yate_ is born (RV.); generates (R.); ja_yati is born (Pali); ja_ai (Pkt.); ja_y to bear (of animals)(Pas'.); joiki (Sh.); zonu (Sh.); zyonu (pp. za_v)(K.); za_um.k to happen, become, be (Kon.); ja_pan.u (pp. ja_o) to be born (S.)(CDIAL 5204).

3514r.Image;crab: ja_na crab (Kui); ja_na_, ja_na crab (Kuwi)(DEDR 2487).

3879.Image: earthen basin: sa_hn.ak an earthen basin, an earthen kneading trough (P.lex.) sa_nhki_ a small earthen plate (P.lex.)

3880.Image: lute: san.i_ a fine kind of harp (P.lex.)

3878.Image: sacred bull: sa_hn. a sacred bull, a sacred horse; a stallion; an independent, extravagant or lecherous fellow (P.lex.) sa_n.d.h a bull, a stallion; sa_nh a bull, a stallion; a large buffalo bull, a bullock after 4 years of age (P.lex.)

3514s.Image;battle: cen.anu to oppose (Te.)(DEDR 1944). cin-am war; cin-aval battle (Ta.)(DEDR 1600).

3514t.Image;to copulate: xenna_ to copulate (Kur.)(DEDR 1944).

3671.Image: pillar: ce_ni, cyu_n^u pillar, wall acting as pillar (K.); cen.ⁱ folds (G.); ci_n heap, pile (Sh.)(CDIAL 4681).

3514h.Image; ear of corn: sen, cennu ear of corn or paddy (Ga.); e_n-al ear of corn (Ta.); ennu, vennu id. (Te.); cen head of paddy (Kol.); s'en (pl. senkul.) head of jowar (Nk.); cen head of paddy (Pa.); s'en head of paddy; senk corn (pl.; san head of jowar; han head of paddy; hennu ear of wheat or jowari; enni(i) head of grain; en ear of corn (Go.); ser-en (pl. ser-eku) id. (Kond.a); hessu cannu head of rice (Kur.); canu pod (Malt.)(DEDR 2798). cf. ce_nu field of a crop (Te.) cf. cin-ai to bud, branch out on all sides; flower bud, branch of a tree (Ta.); canaccam smaller branch of a tree or antler; cina branching out as an ear of corn; cinekka to branch out, rice to sprout (Ma.); jane yolk of an egg (Ka.); sane conceiving (Tu.); jena yolk of an egg (Te.)(DEDR 2592).

3514p.Image;goat's hair: ja_t hair of head (D..); jat hair of animals (Sh.); jati soft downyhair (S.); jatt, jat goat's or camel's hair, sheep;s wool, short hair on body; jat goat's hair (L.); jat hair (WPah.); jas. goat's hair (Tor.); jac goat's hair; zoc (Kho.); zas hair (Wot..)(CDIAL 5093). cf. jham.t.i_ zmall bunch of hair (Pkt.); jha_t. goat's hair (Phal.)(CDIAL 5334). jha_l tassel of hair (M.)(CDIAL 5357).

3811.Image: hole, perforation: sall a hole, perforation; salwai_ the act of perforating, mortising; also wages for the same; salln.a_ to dig, to perforate with a chisel, to mortise (P.lex.) s'alyayati hurts, torments (Skt.); sallia pained by a thorn (Pkt.); salan.u to pierce, bore (S.); salln.a_ to perforate (P.); sa_lai pierces, pricks (OAw.); sa_lna_ to pierce, penetrate, prick, to smart, hurt (H.); salna_ to be pierced, pierce, enter (H.); sa_lvu~ to prick, pinch, punch; to smart, ache (G.); saln.e~ to prick; to be felt as sharply painful (M.)(CDIAL 12354). salhan:g, salhan:ga_, salan:gha_ small pitchfork (P.)(CDIAL 12355). s'ala staff (TBr.); dart, spear (Skt.); sari_ stick forming part of a waterwheel (S.); sal.a pin, thorn (Or.); sar sticks used in setting up the warp (Bi.); sarka_ (Mth.); sal stake, spike, splinter, thorn, difficulty (H.); sal.i_ small thin stick; sal.iyo bar, rod, pricker (G.); s'ol. reed (Kho.)(CDIAL 12343). s'ili_ dart, arrow (Skt.); se_la a kind of weapon; se_lla (Skt.); s'ili_pr.s.t.ha epithet of a sword (MBh.); s'il (Psht.Pers.); s'il spear (Ash.); s.i_l (Wg.); s'ili_ iris (the plant)(Gaw.); s'iu spear (Kal.); s'il wedge for door (Kho.);[s'ili, s'ili_ lower timber of a door (Skt.); sira_ id. (Mth.); sil threshold, doorframe (H.); s'il door (wedge)(Kho.)CDIAL 12465)]; s'il.i_k, s'il.ak small pin or peg or spike of bamboo (M.); sella, silla spear, arrow (Pkt.); s'e_l spear (Wg.); s'el (Kal.); s'e_l arrowhead (K.); selhu large thorn (S.); sel long spear (P.); sela_ spear (P.); xel dart, stake (A.); sel dart, javelin, spit (B.); sella, helle_, pl. hella_ spear, dart (Si.)(CDIAL 12466). s'ili_mukha arrow (MBh.); bee (Skt.); sili_muha arrow (Pkt.); silimuva_ bee (Si.)(CDIAL 12469). cf. s'u_la spike, spit (RV.); impaling stake (Mn.)(CDIAL 12575). Thorn: al.aku, al.uku to prick, throb (as a thorn in the flesh); n. pricking of a thorn, state of being pricked as with a thorn, state of being distressed or annoyed (Ka.); alugu, aluvu to be angry or displeased, take offence; aluka, alukuva anger, displeasure (Te.)(DEDR 304). Anger: cul.i (-v-, -nt-) to be angry; (-pp-, -tt-) to be angry with, show displeasure toward, dislike, feel pain; cul.ivu anger; cul.ukku (cul.ukki-) to screw one's face up in displeasure, frown (Ta.); cul.iyuka to be wrinkled; cul.ikka to be wrinkled, frown; cul.ippu a frown, impatience; cul.iccilu wrinkle (Ma.)(DEDR 2700). lul.iba_ to dangle, be wrinkled (Or.)(CDIAL 11080).

3816.Image: duck: salaki, salage, salakiba_yihakki the grey or spot-bill duck, anas poecilorhyncha (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: duck: hilla an aquatic bird (Skt.); hi_lai duck (Psht.); zalai duck (Ash.); jalai, zelai (Kt.)(CDIAL 14117). cf. jhil lake, pool (N.B.); jhi_l deep reservoir of water (G.)(CDIAL 5392).

3936.Image: stone-cutter's chisel; cold chisel: s'ila_-bhe_di a stone-cutter's chisel (Ka.lex.) Image: perforation: sa_l a perforation, a bore (Punjabi.lex.) cf. chidra having holes, pierced (Ka_tyS'r.); chidda cutting, slit, hole (Pali); chi~r., che~r., cher. hole, cleft (N.); chi_n.d.a_ hole (P.); chedna_ to bore (H.); chi~_d.u~ hole in hedge (G.); chiddita perforated (Pali)(CDIAL 5043). cf. chillia torn (Pkt.); chilla hole (Pkt.); s'i_l breach in a river bank, place to make a dam (M.); sila, hila hole, perforation (Si.)(CDIAL 5051). irne, irnea_ a chisel (Kon.lex.) Image: to cut: cf. chindanti pl. cuts off, splits (RV.)(CDIAL 5046). cf. che_dana cutting (MBh.); chen.i_ smith's cold chisel (S.)(CDIAL 5066). Image: small hole: cf. cilli small hole (Te.)(DEDR 2575). cilli-k-ka_tu bored ear, dist. fr. tol.l.ai-k-ka_tu; cilli-y-akappai flat perforated ladle (Tailava. Pa_yi. 37, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) calli-k-karan.t.i a broad perforated ladle (Intupa_ka. 58)(Ta.lex.) cf. sid.i a hook or goad(Te.)(DEDR 2761).

3937.Image: fragment: {Echo word} cilla-pollam shivers, fragments, small pieces; cillam id. (Ta.); cilla id. (Te.); cf. s'ithila (Skt.)(Ta.lex.) cilumputal to have an uneven surface by the rise of splinters, fibres etc; to stand on end, as man's hair, porcupine's quill etc. (Tiruva_lava_. 27,39); small splinter or splint rising on the smooth surface of wood; cilumpal tear, as in a garment; ciluval rags, tatters (Ta.lex.) cillu a round piece used by children in play (hopscotch); a game of hopscotch played with potsherd wheel; knee-cap as being round; cil anything flat and round, as eye-glass, wheel; wheel as of a car; flat round stone or seed of a sea-plant (Ta.lex.) hil.l.e-ko_lu a small piece of wood or a piece of a stick used in the game of tip-cat (Ka.lex.) cf. bille a circular object (Ka.Te.); pillai, villai (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) Image: crack: cilku-tal to become few, dwindle (Akana_. 17); cilli leak, hole, crack (Ta.); id. (Ta.Ma.); jilli id. (Ka.); cillun.t.i trifling thing; cil some, few (cf. s'ithila); small, slight (Kantapu. 196, Urai.); small piece as of broken glass; potsherd etc.; cillan.-ket.utal to be scattered, broken; cillar-ai trifling, insignificant matter (Ta.); cillara id. (Te.); cillar-a id. (Ka.); cillare id.(Tu.)(Ta.lex.) Image: split: cf. cilu to open, split (Ta.)(DEDR 2566). Fractional quantity: cillar-ai things scattered here and there in small quantities, sundries, fractional quantities, change (as of a rupee); trifling, insignificant matter; cilva_n-am odd; savings effected from the sum allotted for household expenses (Ta.); cillar-a small, trifling matter; cilva_nam, cilla_nam odd; remaining fraction, small articles of daily use bought in the bazaar (Ma.); cilr odd (over a round number; ca.vrm cilr ka.c a thousand-odd rupees); cilr de.va.dy a small-change god (contrasted with co.ym the great god)(Ko.); silo.r, silfo.rm silver, small change; sily silver (in songs)(To.); cillar-a, cillar-e, cilr-e smallness, pettiness, fractional quantities, money under the value of a rupee; cilava_n the odd money over a round sum (Ka.); cillar small money, change, trifle; little, trifling; cilva_na, ciluva_na the odd money over a round sum; little, small, trifling, mean, low (Tu.); cillara small, unimportant, insignificant, trifling, of no note or consequence, minor, non-essential, sundry, miscellaneous, odd, extra, additional; sundries, odds and ends, miscellaneous articles, change, small coins (Te.); cillera pra_ncu to retail; sirlu change (coins)(Kuwi); cillar petty, trifling article, change (of money)(M.)(DEDR 2574). Petty taxes: cillir-ai < cil + ar-u petty taxes (S.I.I. III,142)(Ta.lex.) cilk-panti < silk-bandi adjustment in account of balances due (C.G.); cf. cilakku < silak (U.) something more (Ta.lex.) cillar-ai remainder, surplus, balance (Ta.); cillara id. (Te.); cillare id. (Tu.); cillar-a id. (Te.); cillar-ai change as of a rupee (Ta.); cillara id. (Te.); cillar-a id. (Ka.); cillare id. (Tu.); cillar-ai things scattered here and there in small quantities, small quantities or amounts, sundries (Ta.); cillara id. (Te.); cillar-e id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) cf. chidra (Skt.) cf. cilva_n-am odd (Ta.) cf. cillar-ai-k-kut.i ryots who hold small holdings; petty ryots (R.T.)(Ta.lex.) cilar some, a few persons, opp. to palar (Kur-al., 270); id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) Balance in hand: s'iluku balance in hand (of money, articles etc.)(Ka.); s'ilaka (M.H.); s'ilukina ba_ki balance left (Ka.lex.) siluku, silku balance in hand (of money, articles etc.)(Ka.); s'ilaka (M.H.); silli-mil.l.i insignificant, trivial, trifling; hil.i to crack, to burst, to split (Ka.); pid., pil., pil.a (Ta.); hil.a a crack; hisi to burst (as a jack fruit, a very tight jacket; to crack (as a wall, a cooking vessel)(Ka.lex.)

4080.Images: ram; male elephant; male shark: takar sheep, ram, goat, male of certain other animals (porutakar ta_kkar-ku-p- pe_run takaittu : Kural.486); male elephant; male shark (Ta.lex.) (ya_l.i, elephant, shark)(Ta.); takaran huge, powerful as a man, bear, etc. (Ma.); tagar, t.agaru, t.agara, t.egaru ram (Ka.) tagaru, t.agaru id. (Tu.); tagaramu, tagaru id. (Te.); tagar id. (M.)(DEDR 3000). tan:gad.i_, tagara a ram (M.H.); tagade_ra having a ram for his vehicle: fire; tagarven.agisu to cause rams to fight (Ka.lex.) da_dlo bokro ram (Kon.lex.) takar male ya_r..i ; male elephant; male shark (Ta.lex..) [cf. kara_ male alligator; kar.e_n.u elephant (Ta.lex.)]

3514q.Image; goat: cana, ca~r.a kid (Ash.); can new-born kid (Mj.); ce~, co~ (Wg.); chani goat (Kho.); cu_~ (Kt.); chani_k, canar. a male kid (Pas'.)(CDIAL 4961). chor.u goat; pl. che_r.i he-goat; che_r.o (K.); che_r.o (WPah.); cher.i goat (Or.)(CDIAL 4959). chaga goat (Skt.); cha_ga he-goat (RV.)(CDIAL 4958). cherua_ goat (in general)(Bi.)(CDIAL 4962). chagala goat (TS.); chakala, chakalaka (Pali); chagalaga (Nidoc.); chagala, che_la, che_laga (Pkt.); cilo, cilo_ sheep (Ash.); cula lamb (Wg.); cele_ goat (Tir.); caloik small kid (Shum.); seya_l goat (Wot..); chalo kid (Gaw.); che_l goat (Bshk.); cha_l (Tor.); cael (Mai.); sa_li (Gau.); cha_li (Sv.); cha_l newborn kid (Phal.); che_li goat (Phal.); chal kid (Sh.); chali she-goat (D..); ce_li she-goat; cel, che_li (K.); chela_; cha_li_ (L.); chela_ goat more than one-year old (P.); chila_r, chila_ru_ young kid (P.); che_lu_ kid; cheur.u (WPah.); cheli goat (B.); chel.i (Or.); cher (Bi.); che_ri (Bhoj.); chela_, cheli_, chera_, cheri_ (H.); cha_la_ pl. goat; cha_li_ (OG.); cha_l.i_ goat; (Kathiawar) ca_l.u_ sheep; ca_l.i_ she-goat (G.); s'el.i_ goat; s'el.d.u_~ (M.); chelo kid (S.); chella_ (P.); chelli_ she-goat; chelli, chellu kid (WPah.); cirr.u_ he-goat (K.); cherr.o   goat (WPah.); cherr.u male kid; cher.ri f. (WPah.); s'erd.u_~ goat (M.); cha_gar he-goat; cha_gri_ f. (Bi.); chagari_ goat (Aw.); sa_gal. goatskin, leather made from it (M.)(CDIAL 4963). cha_gala coming from a goat (Sus'r.); goat (R.); coming from a goat; goat (Pkt.); cha_galiya goatherd; cha_la goat; cha_li_, cha_liya_ f. (Pkt.); cha_wul, cha_wulu he-goat; cha_waji; ca_wali-pu_t kid (K.); cha_la, cha_li_ goat (L.); cha_la_n of or belonging to a goat (L.); ca_li_ goat (L.)(CDIAL 5009). cha_lla_ pertaining to goats; flock of goats; cha_la_ (L.)(CDIAL 5910). sa_ga_ flock of sheep or goats (M.)(CDIAL 5011).

3648.Image: he-goat: ceccai he-goat (Pur-ana_. 286); sheep (Ja_n-a_. Pa_yi. 5,12); aries of the zodiac (Vita_n-a. Nalvin-ai. 9)(Ta.); tcutcu (Te.)(Ta.lex.)

3649.Sandal unguent: ceccai sandal unguent (Tiva_.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) cf. carca_ (Skt.) cf. cecantan-am red sanders, pterocarpus santalinus (Ta.); ceca_ntu fragrant sandal paste (Perun.. Ucaik. 33,64)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

3650.Casket: ceccai a little casket for lin:gam worn by Lin:ga_yats (Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

3651.Image: pair: ceccai pair or set (Aka. Ni.); cf. jatai (Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

3766.Image: elephant goad: caran.am elephant goad (Ta.lex.) s'r.n.i a hook for pricking an elephant; a goad (Skt.lex.) sr.n.i a hook for driving an elephant; a hatchet; lo_hita, kod.ali (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3652.Image: sieve: ca_rn.i_ sieve (G.)(CDIAL 4759).

3653.Images: manger; trough; pasture; place for feeding cattle: carna_ manger, trough (P.); caran.a going about (RV.); fodder, behaviour (Pkt.); caran manger, trough (N.); caran.i_ pasture, beasts on pasture (Or.); caran, carni_ wooden feeding trough for cattle (Bi.); carni_ place for feeding animals (H.); small manger, small trough (P.); caran. pasture, meadow (G.); pasture grass, cost of grazing (M.)(CDIAL 4685). carati moves (RV.); grazes (Ya_j.)(CDIAL 4686). xa_rna_ to gnaw or nibble at, eat (Kur.); ka_r to bite, eat (Ka.); arali to nibble (Kuwi); qare to bite off (Malt.)(DEDR 1474). ta_ru to move about, wander, stroll (Te.); sa_ran. nearness, proximity (Ka.)(DEDR 2460). cari_ stalk and leaves of jowar used as fodder (L.); cari fodder (Mth.); car green growing or cut grass (Sh.)(CDIAL 4689). ca_ro fodder (S.); ca_ra_ (P.); sa_r the state of having the belly filled with grass or other fodder (of cattle)(A.); ca_ra_ fodder, food, meal (B.); fodder (Bi.Aw.); fodder (H.)(CDIAL 4755). caraho pasture (S.); carah, caraha_ fodder (whether in the field or stored)(P.); carahi_ place for feeding cattle (OH.)(CDIAL 4687). tsarai pasture (Kon.lex.) cara_z pasture (Shum.)(CDIAL 4761). ca_ri grazing, grass (Pkt.); car, pl. carya_ grass (Gypsy); ca_r (Phal.); s'uki ca_r hay (Phal.); ca_rⁱ green grass (G.)(CDIAL 4762).

3749.Image: spy; to move; graze: sa_raka a messenger (Pali.lex.) car move; cara moving (Pa_n..gan.a); caraka messenger (Pali); cara spy (R.); caraka wanderer (S'Br.); spy (Skt.); cara secret emissary (Pali); cara-purus.a intelligence agent (NiDoc.); cara, caraya, cariya spy (Pkt.); car (K.); cer, pl. ceri watchman, guard (Sh.); cer (Bur.); car spy (B.)(CDIAL 4683). cf. he_raka, he_rika, hairika spy (Skt.)(CDIAL 14165). cf. er uk- to play 'peeping tom' (Ko.)(DEDR 903). ca_rin spy (A_p.); ca_ria spy (Pkt.); ca_ri_ spy, scout (S.L.); sariya_ (A.)(CDIAL 4765). ca_ra one who moves about; spy (MBh.); ca_raka (MBh.); ca_ra spy (Pali.Pkt.); ca_rapa business of a spy (S.); sa_r spy (A.); ca_ra_ (Or.); ca_ru_ scout stationed by thieves to give warning (L.); ca_r scout (G.M.)(CDIAL 4754). cara walking, moving (Pali.Pkt.)(CDIAL 4684). wai-ca_r collect. 'goats' (Pas'.)(CDIAL 14486). ca_raka setting in motion (MBh.); herdsman (Skt.); laco-ca_ro goatherd (Sh.)(CDIAL 4757). caran.a going about (RV.); grazing (Skt.); walking about, grazing (Pali); fodder (Pkt.); sarani grazing (A.); caran.i_ pasture, beasts on pasture (Or.)(CDIAL 4685). carati moves (RV.); grazer (Ya_j.); carati moves, grazes (Pali); care 3 sg. opt. (NiDoc.); carai (Pkt.); caroiki to graze (Sh.); carun to walk (OK.); carun to go forward (with meaning 'to increase, be more than enough')(K.); caran.u to graze (S.); caran., carun. (L.); carka_ (of cattle) a good feeder (L.); carna_ to graze (P.); carnu_, caran., carn.a_, carna_ (WPah.); carnu (N.); sariba (A.); cara_ to move about, graze (B.); cariba_ (Or.); carab (Mth.Aw.); carna_ (H.); carvu~ (G.); carn.e~ (M.); carta_ (Konkan.i); cara_pe_ti makes move (Pali); cara_un.a_ to graze (P.); caru_n.o (Ku.); cara_unu (N.); sara_iba (A.); cara_na (B.); cara_iba_ (Or.); cara_eb (Mth.); cara_na_ (H.); cara_vvu~ (G.); caravin.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 4686). caratha wandering (RV.); caraho pasture (S.)(CDIAL 4687). ca_ran.a in: go_-ca_ran.a grazing cattle (BhP.); tending of cattle, grazing-ground (Or.); sa_ran. tending of grazing cattle (A.); ca_ran (B.)(CDIAL 4758). cara_ [in dat. inf. cara_yai (RV.)] moving (Skt.)(CDIAL 4689). ca_rayati grazes (AV.); ca_re_ti makes graze (Pali); car to graze; eat (Gypsy); caus. carav to let eat, graze (Gypsy); cary, cari, cara_ to herd cattle (Wg.); cara_y (Dm.); car (Tir.Pas'.); cara (Kal.); ca_r (Bshk.); ca_ (Tor.); cia_ (Tor.); sa_r (Mai.); caroiki (Sh.); carizoiki to graze (Sh.); ca_rn.o to herd cattle (K.); ca_ran.u (S.); ca_ran. (L.); ca_rnu, ca_ran., ca_rn.a_ (WPah.); ca_rna_ (OH.); cara_na_ caus. (H.); ca_rvu~ (G.); ca_rn.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 4760).

3514n.Image;person: jeno person (also used as numerative)(Gypsy); janya common man (TS.); jana person (Pali); id. (RV.); jana, jam.na person (NiDoc.); jan.a (Pkt.); zen (Ash.); zan (Dm.); jan (used as numerative) (Pas'.); zan person (Pas'.); zen (Shum.); jun (Kal.); zun (Kho.); za_n (Phal.); zan, zonu (K.); jan.o (S.); jan.a_ person, husband; jan. the inhabitants of a village; jan.a_ person (L.P.); jan, jana_ (P.); zon.o_ (WPah.); jan. (Ku.); jana_ (-a_ from common use in plural as numerative )(N.); zan person; zana_ respectable person (A.); jan.a plural affix (OB.); jan person; jana_ id. (B.); jan.a, jan.e (Or.); jan person, agricultural labourer paid in kind (Bi.); jan, jana_ person, labourer (Mth.) ; jan person (Bhoj.); jana_ (Aw.H.); jan.o (Marw.); jan. (G.M.); jan.a, zan. (Kon.); dana_ (Si.) dena (OSi 1-th cent.)(CDIAL 5098).

3514k.Image; procession: jan.n.a_ bridegroom's procession; pl. jan.n.a_ (Pkt.); jan~a_ (S.); jan~j (L.); jan~j, ja_~j; janni (P.); jane_i_ (WPah.); ja_n (G.)(CDIAL 5116). janyaya_tra_ bridal procession (Skt.); jan.n.ayatta_, jannatta_ (Pkt.);jan~atra, jan~atriya (NiDoc.); zanig (Gaw.); janet the procession; janetar, janetar., janeti_, janeti_a_ a member of it (P.); jane_tar. a member (WPah.); janta the procession; janti a member (N.); janeta the procession (OAw.); janet (H.); ja_natra (OG.)(CDIAL 5118). ja_nya member of groom's party (S.); friend of bridegoom (Skt.); ja_~ji member of groom's party (L.); ja_n~ji_ (P.)(CDIAL 5197).

_{janwa_~sa_ lodging the wedding procession (Bi.); janma_sa_ (Mth.); janava_sa place at the bride's home where the groom's party is received; janwa_s the grooom's party (OAw.); janwa_s, janwa_sa_, janwa_~sa_ the place where it is received (H.); janavsa_, janivsa_ lodging of the groom's party (M.)(CDIAL 5119).}

_{3154m.Image;loins: jaghana hinder part, hip and loins, mons veneris (RV.); jaghana loins, buttocks (Pali); jahan.a (Pkt.); duvana hip, lap (Si.)(CDIAL 5077).}

3514k.Image:snake: zyen snake (Wg.); zeni (Pr.); syen (Wot..); ziant (Gaw.); jam.dunam. gen.pl. snake (Skt.); zan snake (Dm.); ja_n, zan (Pas'.); za~t (Shum.); jan (Tor.); jon pl. joni (Sh.); zon (Sh.); ja~t intestinal worm (M.); zandra (Sv.); jhandura (Phal.); jandera (Sh.); jandura (Bur.)(CDIAL 5110).

3514g.Back: jen back (Pe.); je_nu, je_~o (loc. je_co) id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 2825).

3514c.Image;body: sina body (Skt.); sinu corpse (N.); s'i_rn.a broken (S'Br.); fallen out (MBh.); sin.n.a decayed (Pkt.); si_na fallen off, destroyed (Pali)(CDIAL 12496).

3514d.Image;bracelet: cinup (pl. cinpul), sinup (pl. sinpul) bracelet (Ga.); sinnnu_m id. (Go.); ci~dup (pl. ci~dpul) bracelet (of men)(Pa.)(DEDR 2531).

3514b.Fineness, delicate: jin.agu, jin.ugu, jinagu, jinugu fineness or thinness (as of texture, thread, powder, written letters, etc.)(Ka.); jilu~gu, jiluvu fine cloth; small, slight, fine, delicate (Te.)(DEDR 2519).

3517.Money-changer, seller of jewels: cinivara, cinnivara, ciniva_la, cinniva_la a money-changer, a seller of jewels (Ka.lex.) cinva_r, cinva_ra_ money-changer, gold-seller (Kon.lex.) cf. cinna gold (Ka.lex.) Miser: jina miserly, stingy (Tu.Ka.); ji_ne miser (Tu.lex.) cin-n-am coin as a piece of metal (I_t.u, 4,9,2); gold piece put by a warrior in his mouth when starting for battle (Ci_vaka. 2303, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) cin-n-a-me_l.a-mo_kara_ [ + mohur (U.)] Tinnevelly gold coin = 3 pagodas, 34 fanams, 7 cash (M.M.)(Ta.lex.) cin-n-elu < cinnelu (Te.) foppery, extravagance (W.) (Ta.lex.)

3518.Pure silver: ci_ni-bol.l.i pure silver; ci_ni sakkare white sugar (Tu.lex.)

3516.Image: saddle; leather: chi_n.dhi_ a piece of leather attached on both sides of an axis of a carriage near wheels (P.lex.) ji_na a leather bag (Skt.lex.) ji_n a saddle (Tu.lex.) cf. res.ui_ri, res.iri ( < *r.s.abha-dhr.ti) ox-hide (Kho.)(CDIAL 2459). jin, jina_ saddle (Kon.lex.) ji_na, ji_ni, ji_nu a saddle; jinaga_ra a caste of leather workers, saddlers who also do a little work in brass, iron etc. (Ka.M.); ji_nu, ji_ni a saddle (Te.); ci_n-i (Ta.)(Ka.lex.)

3062.Image: chisel; burnishing stick: ci_vul.i block-plane; burnishing stick; ci_vul.i-k-ku_t.u wooden stock of a plane (Ta.lex.) Image: polishing, planing: ci_vat.am planing, polishing (Ta.); ci_vut.a (Te.)(Ta.lex.) cf. ci_vu- to pare off, shave or scrape off (Ka_cika. Piraman-ve_. 8); smooth or polish by planing (Ta.)(DEDR 2600). sivur-u to scratch; ci_ru, civaru, civuru to scratch with the nails or claws (Ka.); ci_ka to scratch (Ma.); ci_ to scratch (as fowls), tear up earth (as pigs)(Ta.); ci_ru to scratch; ci_rud.u scratching (Te.); ci_rna_ to scratch (Kur.); circe to scratch (as a bird with talons); circo spurs of a cock (Malt.)(DEDR 2601). ci_ to scrape (Ta.); ci_y to rub (Ta.); ci_ka to scrape, smooth, polish (Ma.); ci_vuka to scrape, peel, polish (Ma.); ci_vu, civvu to cut thin, shave, scrape, peel, pare or trim the nails, smooth, furbish, polish (Ka.); civit.u to cut or cut off with the nails, nip off (Ka.); sigur-, sigur-u, sibar-u, sivar-u, sivur-u that is pared off, rind (Ka.); civvu to cut, shave, pare, mend or sharpen (as a quill or pencil)(Te.)(DEDR 2600). jigat.u, civit.u, civut.u, civun.t.u to cut or cut off with the nails, nip off (Ka.); ci_val parings, shavings (Ta.)(DEDR 2000). ci_ve a slice (Ta.); civva thin strip or shaving of wood (Te.); cuvaka, cuvva twig, small flexible stick or cane (Te.); sivva piece of fuel (Kol.); s'ivva wood (Nk.); suvval pl. fuel (Nk.)(DEDR 2600).

3506.Image: split: ci_rn.a split, divided (Skt.lex.) chinna cut, divided, rent, riven, torn (Skt.lex.) cin-n-am < chinna piece; anything broken (Kampara_. Karan-. 177)(Ta.lex.) cihna, cinna, cinne, cinha a mark, a sign (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3512.Image: to pierce: janjanao to pierce, or drive to the head as a nail; tun janjanao to pierce deeply with an arrow; kut.am janjanao to drive to the head, as a nail; pat.i janjanao to pierce deeply, as a thorn in the foot; jankao to be firmly embedded as a well driven nail (Santali.lex.) ci_ran.a, jinna (Tadbhava of ji_rn.a) a small chisel, used especially in cutting metals (Ka.Te.); ciran.i_ (M.)(Ka.lex.) ce_n.o a chisel to work a stone (Tu.lex.)

3953.Image: chisel; to pierce: cf. ul.i chisel, burin (Ta.Ma.); ul.y chisel (Ko.); ul.i chise, burin, awl (Ka.); chisel (Tu.); uli id. (Te.); ulli id. (Ga.)(DEDR 699). To thrust: hu_lan.a_ to goad, thrust; hu_l thrust, stab (P.); huln.u cause to penetrate, drive in (cattle into a fold), thread (needle)(N.); hu_r thrust (Mth.); hu_lna_ to goad, stab, rush in; hulakna_ to rush at (H.); hulai throws (Pkt.); hul any small pointed thing, thorn; hula_ piece of pointed split bamboo for turning earth up (A.); hul barb, sting, point, awn (B.); hul.a (Or.); hull shooting pain in head (P.); hula sting (Or.)(CDIAL 14147). ho_l- to enter (Go.); ho_r.p- to insert (Go.); sor.i-, sorita_na_, hor.i_, o_r.-, oir.iya_na_ to enter (Go.); so_r.i_ta_na_ to enter, (lumbago) attacks (Go.)(DEDR 2876). To dig out: cu_l (cu_lv-, cu_n-r--) to scoop, dig out, pierce, cut off (Ta.); cu_r..al, cu_r-r-al, cu_n-r-al scooping, digging out (Ta.); cu_luka to make a deep and boring cut as into melons and jackfruits (cu_nnu no_kkuka to taste such); pluck out (Ma.)(DEDR 2734). cu_r-al scooping, digging out (Ta.lex.) Image: impaling stake: cf. s'u_la spike, spit (RV.); impaling stake (Mn.); su_la stake (Pali); spit, trident (Pkt.); s'u_l thorn (Pas'.); su_l spike, thorn (P.); impaling stake (Ku.); sul.i_ impaling stake (Or.)(CDIAL 12575).

2416b.Adze; carpenter's plane; small chisel; to scrape, scratch: ul.i battle-axe, barber's instrument for paring nails, chisel, burin (Ta.); chisel, burin (Ma.Ka.); awl (Ka.); chisel (Tu.); ul.y chisel (Ko.); branding iron (To.); uli chisel (Te.); ulli id. (Ga.)(DEDR 699) ki_s-ul.i, gi_sul.i a carpenter's plane (Tu.); gi_suni to pare, strip off, shave, scrape (Tu.); ki_s to scrape, scratch (Kond.a); kisla_ adze (Kur.); ki_s-ul.i a small chisel (Ka.); ki_su to make thin, scrape, furbish or polish; n. scraping, scratching (Ka.); ki.c to scrape (To.); to cut by chipping (Ko.); ci_y to cut with adze, cut down (Ta.)(DEDR 1612). ci_ to scrape; ci_vu to pare off, shave or scrape off, smooth or polish by planing (Ta.)(DEDR 2600). cimni, chini a chisel (Santali.lex.) Chisel: ca_n.a, ca_na, ce_n.a a small chisel (Ka.); ce_n.u, ce_nu awl, chisel (Tu.); se_namu id. (Te.)(DEDR 2445). cimni, chini a chisel (Santali.lex.) Small chisel: ci_ran.a, ci_rn.a, ji_rn.a a small chisel, esp. used in cutting metals (Ka.); ci_ran.amu a small chisel (Te.); cirn.e~ id. (M.)(DEDR 2627).

2438.Image: pincers: cira_van.am pincers, ca_van.am (Ta.); sra_van.amu (Te.); s'ra_van.a (Ka.)(Ta.lex.)

2441.Image: chisel: si_ran.a, ci_ran.a, si_rn.a a small chisel (Ka.lex.) cf. ci_rn.a a small chisel, especially used in cuttng metals (Ka.); ciran.i_ (M.)(Ka.lex.) ci_ru, civaru to cut in slices (Ka.Te.); id. to tear into shivers, to rend (Te.)(Ka.lex.) cirattal to crush, grind (Pin..)(Ta.lex.)

3954.Image: spying; machan in tree for tiger-shooting/spying: cu_la, hu_la, tu_la to see (Tu.); cu_t.u, cu_t.i perception (Tu.); cu_r. to see (Pa.); su_r.-, cu_d.-, su_d.-, to see (Ga.); su_r.-, hu_r.-, u_r.- to see (Go.); sur. to see (Kond.a); hur.- to see (Pe.); hur.- id. (Mand..); su_r.a (su_r.i-) to see; n. act of seeing, sight (Kui); cu_t.ci counsel, investigate carefully (Ta.); u_r.. to think (Ta.); cu_t.iyan minister (Ta.); cu_r.. deliberation, investigation; to conspire, know (Ta.)(DEDR 2735). ulloketi [ud + loketi, cf. loka, a_loka, viloka] to look on to, to look for, await; ullokita looked at, looked on; ullokaka looking on (to), looking out; ullola a wave; a commotion, unrest; oloketi to look at, to look down or over to, to examine, inspect; olokana looking, looking at, sight; olokanaka window (Pali.lex.) ul.i hiding, ambush, lurking-place, hunter's hut (Ka.); ul.iga man who hides or lurks (Ka.); oyl. machan in tree for tiger-shooting (Ko.); to hide (Ko.); ol.i hiding, lurking-place, screen, cover for a fowler, decoy animal (Ta.); concealment, ambush (Ma.); ul.avu one's secret (Tu.); secrecy, spying (Ta.); ol.avu, ol.agu a secret (Ka.); ol.avu a secret (Te.); on.pi to hide (Kor.); o_lamu a shelter, cover, screen (Te.); olp- (olup-) to hide (Ga.); ol.-, ol- to bend down (Go.); o_la_ resting-place of a wild beast, hiding-place or lair (Kur.)(DEDR 1015). o.l (o.lt-) to see, look at (Kol.); o_l- to see (Nk.); o_lip- to show (Nk.)(DEDR 1066). or-r-u (or-r-i-) to spy out; n. espionage, a spy (Ta.); private intelligence, secret information (Ta.); or-r-an a spy (Ta.Ma.); or-r-uvan, or-r-a_l. a spy (Ta.); or-r-umai qualities requisite in a spy (Ta.)(DEDR 1022).

3956.Image: after-birth: s'e_j after-birth (WPah.)(CDIAL 12339). s'alya anything lodged in the body and causing pain (applied inter alia to dead foetus)(Sus'r.); sa_l afterbirth (N.); dead foetus in womb (M.); hal afterbirth (K.); sa_l cause of pain (G.); pain (H.); piercing pain (M.)(CDIAL 12352). h^alun to begin to be in labour (K.); sulini to be got with child, be swollen (N.); s'u_late_ hurts (Car.); s'u_lati (Dha_tup.); s'u_lyati, s'u_lyate_ (Car.); s'us'u_re pierced (Skt.); s'u_ryate_ (Dha_tup.)(CDIAL 12576). su_taka impurity caused by childbirth or miscarriage (Ya_j.)(CDIAL 13554). su_a_, su_ia_ woman who has given birth (Pkt.)(CDIAL 13555). s'u_li, sul.i suffering sharp pain (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3957.Image: pregnant woman: cu_l (cu_lv-, cu_n-r--) to become pregnant; n. conception, pregnancy (Ta.)(DEDR 2733). cur.in ghost of pregnant woman (Santali.lex.) Image: blood which precedes the birth of a child: to_r.a_ blood which precedes the birth of a child (Go.); to_r.a (to_r.i-) to be liquid, flow, trickle (Kui)(DEDR 3523). tu_l pregnancy (of animals)(Ga.); cu_l pregnancy (Ta.); cu_li pregnant woman (Ta.)(DEDR 2733).

3958.Image: to take an oath: cu_l. (cu_l.p-) to take an oath (aiya cu_l.in-at.itot.u kun-r-ot.u : Paripa_. 8,70); to vow (Kampara_. Nikumpa. 82); n. vow (Kalit. 41); oath (Tol. Po. 147); malediction, curse (Kantapu. Tun.aiva. 10); cu_l-ur-u to swear, take oath, take a vow (Man.i. 3,102)(Ta.); cur..ar-uka to swear; cur..arcca ascertaining the truth by oath or by ordeal; cu_r.. oath (Ma.); su_rul. (su_rul.t-) to swear, utter a solemn declaration; n. an oath (Ma.); su_lu swearing (Tu.)(DEDR 2738). cu_l.aravu oath (Kantapu. Acamukipu. 29)(Ta.lex.) sul.l.u falsehood, untruth, fiction, a lie (Ka.); a lie, falsehood, fib; false, untrue (Tu.)(DEDR 2708). cu_l.ar-avu oath (Ir-ai. 18, Pak. 107, Urai)(Ta.); su_rul. id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.)

2417.Pledge, pawn: girwi < girau (Pers.) a pledge, a pawn; girwi pain.a to be pawned; girwi paun.a to pawn (P.lex.) girhar. trust, guidance, benevolence (Santali.lex.) kiro_ < girwi_ (Pers.) pledge, mortgage, pawn (P.T.L.)(Ta.lex.)

2419.One-fourth: gira, gidda one-fourth; giraka_lu 1/16. the sixteenth part; girapa_vu dupl. 1/4 or the fourth part of a measuring seer; 1/16 of a seer (Ka.lex.) gira, girha, girah the sixteenth part of a yard (P.lex.) cf. girda, gira, gidda a fourth part; giddana, gidna the fourth part of a solige (Ka.); gidda, gidde one-fourth of the so_la measure (Te.)(DEDR 1553).

2420.Image: knots: gira, girah, girha a knot (P.lex.) gan.ike, gan.alu a knot, a joint (Ka.lex.) gan.thi [Vedic granthi] a knot, a tie, a knot or joint in a stalk (Pali.lex.)

2421.Image: to spin: vol. to spin (Kon.lex.)

2422.Image: river: vol.o current of river (Kon.lex.) oliyal river (Kantapu. Ka_l.inti. 6)(Ta.lex.)

2423.Image: seven: o_r..u, yo_r..u, e_r..u seven (Ka.lex.)

2424.Image: sexual intercourse: o_r.. sexual intercourse (Ta.); o_l. (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cf. o.l.- to have sexual intercourse with (Kod..)(DEDR 1071).

2425.Mortgage: ol bandhi, ol bandki mortgage, to mortgage; noa jaega don ol bandhi akata I have mortgaged this rice land (Santali.lex.)

2426.Marriage invitation: voul.ik sa_ng to invite; vo-ul.e, vo-ul.i invitation to a marriage; voul.ik, voul.ike invitation for marriage (Kon.lex.) ol to mark, to make a mark, to write, to draw patterns, figures etc.; jangateye ol akada he has made a mark with his foot; sohraere gor.a duarreko ola during the Sohrae fesival they draw figures (or patteerns) at the door of the cowshed; olok par.haok cet jon.me learn to read and write; oladinae he wrote to me; olos kanae he is writing; olotkoae he is writing down their names (Santali.lex.) cf. ko_lam patterns drawn at the doors (Ta.lex.) ol-bal a written paper, especially a written document; hatupe kirintada, mendo ja_n olbalpe nakada ci? the act of writing, especially the act of writing a document; ol-bal (jingle of ol) to write, especially a document; na_doin olbaltana, pi_t.ido or.o gr.kadin sena I am writing now, I shall go to the market after a while; olbal-en rflx. v. (1) of two people, to write a document of their contract; na_do jukalanjana enamente ote bandarreoko olbalena these days are bad times, therefore people now write their contract even when they only mortgage a field; (2) to get one's name written down; asa_mte senoko d.ipureko olbalena the coolies going to Assam get their names taken down at the depot; olbal-o especially of a document, to be written; na_do kain omama, sobena olbaloka, en hulan entarege t.akain omea I shall not pay now, let the contract be written, there and then I shall pay; ol-bal alphabet, characters; ape jatire sidaa_te ci olbal ka_ taikena? was there from the beginning no alphabet in your tribe? ne disumre hat.ikut.i olbal mena: Urdu, Bangali, Ur.ia, Parsi, eman in this country there are number of different alphabets or characters: the Urdu characters, the Bengali characters, the Uria characters and so on; ol-nala to write for daily wages; to write something here and now for pay without being a regular clerk; ol-adu_, ol-adur.u, olar.agu, oluturao to copy in writing, in contrast to olur.un to write an extract; ne kitabra taramara kajiko oladu_ime; oladu-u to get copied in writing; hakim olakad kajiko oladu_jantedo nakal menotana a copy of a judgement is called nakal; o_l to write, to write down, to write on; cit.i oleme, apummente write to they father; sobenko olkom write them all down; sobenkoa nutum oleme write down the names of all; soben kajim olkeda ci? hast thou written all that was to be said? olrikan to case one's name to be written down; o-p-ol to write to each other; the writing of letters to each other; inilo alinre cit.i opol hokaakana our correspondence has been broken off; olakan may refer to one's fate written down by Singbonga; cilka olakana enkage gonoe hobaoa dead comes as decreed by Singbonga; o-n-ol the extent or manner of writing; onole olkeda, musinre bahii peregir.itada he wrote so much that he filled a copy book in one day; oloni one whose name is written down; olni, oloni agency, a writer; olote adv. to go and write; to go and do clerical work; to go and get one's name written down; onol a mark or line drawn, especially on the ground; o-lo to get cracked; onol stripes or spots in the fur of an animal (Mu.lex.) o_kul.i crimsoned turmeric water used on auspicious occasions; o_kon.u to answer a call (Tu.lex.) o_ha gift (RV. i.180.5; RV. iv.10.1; TS. iv.4.4.7; VS. xv.44); o_ha-brahman praying for gifts (RV. x.71.8); o_has value, worth (RV. vi.67.9) (Vedic.lex.) ollunar friends, associates (Tiva_.)(Ta.lex.) cf. olicai presents given by the near relations of the bride to the bridegroom on the fourth day of the marriage (W.)(Ta.lex.) o_lago a royal assembly (Tu.lex.) o_lakkan.-kot.uttal to grant an audience, as a king; o_lakka-man.t.apam place of assembly, durbar hall, hall (Ta_yu. Enna_t.. Arul.iyalpu. 10); o_lam-it.utal to call for succour, cry for protection (Tiruva_ca. 7,5) (Ta.lex.) o_lit.utal to make a noise (Pa_rata. Man.ima_n-. 20); o_lar-uttal to emit a pleasant sound (Ir-ai. 2,42, Urai.); o_l sound (Iraku. Nakara. 42); o_lar-utal to be filled with sound; to resound (Iraku. Nakara. 42); o_lai-ppa_curam communication written on a palmyra leaf ('varuka' en-n-umal.avum o_laippa_curam : Ci_vaka. 2147, Urai.); o_laippa_yiram id. (Tol. Po. 461, Urai.); o_laippur-am command, order (Kuruparam. 10, Pan-n-i_.); o_lai-na_yakan- Chief secretary in the time of the cho_las (Ta.inscr.); o_lai-er..uttu office of clerk (I.M.P.N.A. 676); o_laimukappa_curam prefatory address in a letter on a palmyra leaf (Cilap. 13, 87, Urai.); o_lai-muttirai stamp imprinted on a palmyra-leaf document (W.); o_lai-mur-i memorandum on a piece of a palmyra leaf; chit (Ta. lex.) o_lagisu, o_laysu, o_lavisu to serve; to pay homage to; to assemble, to bring together; o_laga_rta desire of paying homage; o_le an ear-ring of gold etc., worn in the lobe of the ear of a female whose husband is alive; o_leka_r-a, va_leka_r-a a servant in the employ of government (or private persons) who carries letters etc. (Ka.lex.) olepu, ol.epu, leppu to call (Tu.lex.) oli-ttal to sound as letter (Kur-al., 763)(Ta.); uri (Tu.); uli (Ka.); uliyu (Te.); oli loud or audible recitation of a mantra (Caivaca. Potu. 151, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) Configuration of an articulate sound: oli-vat.ivu (gram.) the sound-configuration of an articulate sound, dist. fr. varivat.ivu (Nan-. 89, Virut.); oli-k-kur-ippu a symbol of a sound; onomatopoetic term as kalakalen-al (Ta.lex.) ar..aippu invitation, call (Tiv. Iyar-. Na_n-mu. 38); ar..ai-ttal to call, invoke, invite (Tiruva_ca. 29,1); to summon, direct to appear or to be brought (Kantapu. Vin:kut.i. 40); to call by name (Tiv. Periya_r... 4,6,2); ar..aippu-p-pattiram letter of invitation (Ta.lex.) vol.ka_ recognition (Kon.lex.) cf. ar..ivu tenderness, love (Ma.)(DEDR 281). vol. line; vorro furrow; vol.ombo vertical, a plumb-line determines the vertical (Kon.lex.)

2427.Marriage invitation: gira_ [Vedic gir, ge_r song; gr.n.a_ti to praise, announce; gu_rti praise = Lat. grates 'grace'] utterance (orig. song, important utterance, still felt as such in older Pa_li, therefore, mostly poetical), speech, words; Skt. girati, Lat. voro, OHG. querka (Pali.lex.) gira a knot; bapla gira the marriage knots, or the Santal method of intimating date of a marriage; seven or eight days before the date fixed for the marriage, seven or eight as the case may be, knots are tied on a large number of strings, one of which is sent to each family who is invited to be present at the marriage. One knot is loosed each night, and when all have been loosed the time for the marriage has arrived. Knots on a string are also employed to keep accounts, each knot representing so much; girja to join in a religious service, to conduct a religious service (Santali. lex.) gir addressing, invoking; speech, words, language; invocation, praise, song; gira_ speech, speaking, language (Skt.lex.) Ögr., Ögir praise; song of praise (RV. iii.62.8); girvan.as delighting in invocations, fond of praise or songs (RV. i.62.1); gr. to celebrate, sing, praise (Vedic.lex.) ki_r word, speech (Tiva_.); ki_r-va_n.am < gi_r-va_n.a Sanskrit as the language of the gods (Ta.lex.) gr. to utter a sound, call out, invoke; to relate, promulgate; to praise, extol; to make known, relate; to teach; gi_rn.i praise (Skt.lex.) gr._ declare, praise (Skt.); grand, grunzu^u counting; ganz^arun to count (K.); ganti (N.); ganti_, ginti_ (H.) (CDIAL 4234). cirar-r-u-tal to shout, call loudly (Kampara_. Kumpaka. 268); to be angry with (Kali. 97,29)(Ta.); ciracira (Te.)(Ta.lex.) gr.n.ati addresses, praises (RV.); girai says (Pkt.); caus. ga_rayate_ teaches (Dha_tup.); gar. to speak (Tir.)(CDIAL 150). jarate_ praises, addresses (RV.); jar- to speak (Pas'.); jar., jar to say (Par.); gar- to praise (Av.)(CDIAL 5149). a_gurate_ approves, praises (RV.); ahuran.u to please, suit (S.); a_ur.an.u id. (S.)(CDIAL 1050). cf. gan.ayati counts (MBh.); ga_n. to count, read (Ash.)(CDIAL 3993). cf. ga~_garvu~ to bellow like a bull (G.)(CDIAL 3951). cf. gun.ayati advises (Dha_tup.); gun.u calculation (Kt.); gurrun (Bashg.); gunai thinks (OAw.); gunna_ to think about, praise (H.); gun.ai ponders (OG.)(CDIAL 4191). ganya calculable, numerable; to be counted or regarded; worthy of esteem (Ka.lex.) cf. kir-a_vu (kir-a_vi-) to cry (Ta.); kire_ng abuse (Br.); kire_ng tining to abuse (Br.)(DEDR 1590). kirot korot to talk continuously, to cackle as a hen (Santali.lex.) gi_ra the voice (Kui)(DEDR 1615). gan.a [Vedic gan.a; Lat. grex flock; Skt. gra_ma; Lat. gremium to comprise; OBULG. gramada village community; OHG. chram; Pali. ga_ma a collection of houses, a hamlet (cf. Ger. gemeinde), a habitable place ] a meeting or a chapter (of two or three) bhikkhus, a company (opposed to sangha, the order and puggala, the individual); in general: a crowd, a multitude, a great many; gan.a-sanganika adj. coming into contact with one another (Pali.lex.) gan.aka a counter, one skilled in counting familiar with arithmetic; an accountant, overseer or calculator; enumerated as an occupation together with muddika and sankha_yika; as an office at the king's court (together with amacca_as gan.aka-maha_matta = a ministerial treasurer); as overseer; as accountant (Pali.lex.)

3774.Image: slit, rent: cir a slit, a rent; a sharp pan; to tear, to rend; cira a rent, a rip, a cut, a slit; cira_i the price of splitting and of sawing timber and boards; cirn to rend, to rip up, to slit, to split, to divide longitudinally with a saw; to be slit, to be torn, to be rent,, to be sawed (P.lex.) cira to tear, rend, split; a strip; mit cira bar.ge emanme give me a strip of garden land; ciri biri, ciri biti into small pieces; to mince; to spl