3392.Dried; withered: sus'ka dried (RV.); s'us.kaka (R.); sukkha dry (Pali); sukka, sukka, sum.kha (Pkt.); s'ukha, s'uka epithet of wine (NiDoc.); s'uko dry, thin; s'ka dry, hard (Gypsy); s'uki_ dry (Dm.); seka (Tir.); s'uk dry, hay (Wot..); s'ukha dry (Gaw.); s'ukh (Bshk.); s'ukho (Sv.); s'uko (Phal.); s'u_ku, s'u_khu~, s'uku (Sh.); hokh^u, ho~ch^u (K.); suko (S.); suka, suki_ drought (S.); sukka_, sukha_ dry (L.); sukka_ (P.); sukkar. lean, emaciated (P.); su_kho_ dry (WPah.); sukho, suko, s'ukh dry (Ku.); suko (N.); sukha_ (B.); suk dry, waterless (Or.); sukha_ rukha_ dry and rough (Or.); su~kh dry (Aw.); su_kha_, su_ka_ dry (H.); su_ku~ dry, lean (G.); suka_ dry (M.); xuka_n (A.); sukkha_n.a (Pkt.); sukha_ rukha_ dry and rough (M.); sukkhe~ dry (Konkan.i); siku, hiku (Si.); hiki (Md.); s'ugil dry (Tor.); sukhila_ dried, withered (Or.); sukut.e emaciated (N.); sukt.iya_ dried up (B.); sukt.a_ (Or.H.); sukat. (M.)(CDIAL 12548). s'us.i drying (Skt.); s'es' summer (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12546). s'un:ga_r summer (Dm.)(CDIAL 12557). s'o_s.a drying up, dryness (MBh.); summer (Skt.); so_sa drying up (Pali. Pkt.); s'o_s' summer (Wot..Kat..); s'u_s., s.u_s. (Gaw.); s.os. (Sv.); so_ (P.); xoha_ the quantity drunk at one time (A.); sosa thirst; sosi thirsty (Or.); sos thirst, desire (G.); desire (M.)(CDIAL 12643). s'o_s.an.a drying up; drying, draining, suction (MBh.); so_sana causing to dry (in surgery)(Pali); so_san.a drying; so_san.a_, so_san.aya_ (Pkt.); xohani drying, sucking (A.)(CDIAL 12644). s'o_s.ayati makes dry (AV.); so_se_ti id. (Pali); so_se_i (Pkt.); s'uvoiki, 3 sg. s'u_ei (Sh.); s'os'n.u to suck (WPah.); sosn.o to dry, drain of water, absorb, drink in (Ku.); s'was'a~r~. to sip up (Ku.); sosnu to soak up (N.); xohiba to aborb, suck (A.); sosa_, susa_ to dry, absorb, suck (B.); sosiba_, susiba_ (Or.); sosvu~ (G.)(CDIAL 12645). s'os.u drought, thirst (Skt.); susu-bu_m steppe; susu-ste dry (Ash.); susuwa_, sosew dry (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12646). sosu miserliness (S.); as'o_s.ya not drying up (VarBr.S.); sos loss by weight in drying (L.); dry (P.); susik dry (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12647). Deficiency: sosan.u to lessen, diminish (S.); sosi deficiency (S.)(CDIAL 12648). coccam deficiency, balance, arrears (Ta.); soccemu a small remainder or balance (Te.)(DEDR 2833). coccam odd, a term appended to number, sum, weight, etc. (Tailava. Taila. 97); interest on principal; remainder, as in subtraction, division (Ta.lex.) soki drying-up of a crop; soku dried up (of crops), hard baked (S.); s'aus.kala living on dried flesh or fish (VS.); soka_, sokr.a_ dryness, drought (L.); sok, sokka_, sokr.a_ (P.); soka_ sugarcane blight due to drought (P.)(CDIAL 12652). ucat.t.ai leanness, thinness (Ta.); u~_ca withered, lean, thin; u~_ca-pad.u, u~_ca-po_vu to become withered, lean or thin; u_saramu lean; u_sarillu to become lean or reduced (Te.); u_- to dry up, become emaciated (Pa.)(DEDR 735). avas'us.yati becomes dry (Skt.); avasussati withers (Pali); o_sukka dried (Pkt.); o_sukkhai makes dry (Pkt.); osukik, usukik to wither, cease suckling (a child), come to an end (Kho.)(CDIAL 852a). ucchus.ka withered (Skt.); ucchus.yati dries up (ChUp.); ussassati (Pali); us'kyo dry (Pr.)(CDIAL 1854). cf. baccuni, battuni to become lean, dry up (Tu.); vacahta_na_, wahcahta_na_ to dry up; vas- to dry up, wither (Go.); vasa to dry, wither (Kui); vac- to dry up, wither (Pe.Mand..); ba_run dry, shrivelled up (Br.)(DEDR 5320). vatakkam fading, withering (Ta.); vatan.n.uka to wither; vatakkam withering (Ma.); po0x fallen leaves (To.)(DEDR 5242). o_l- to dry (Pa.Ga.); o_r.a_na_ id.; o_r.- id. (Go.); to dry (clothes, etc.)(Kond.a)(DEDR 1073). cf. cun.t.u to dry up (Ta.); s'un.t.h- to become dry (Skt.)(DEDR 2662). cf. s'un.t.hi dry ginger (S'a_rn:gS.)(CDIAL 12515). curun:ku (curun:ki-) to shrink, contract, shrivel, wrinkle, lessen, dwindle, be reduced, curtailed, be puckered, creased, be furled, closes as a flower, etc.; curun:kal anything shrunk, wrinkled, wrinkle, crease; curukku (curukki-) to curtail, reduce, lessen, compress, contract, furl, close, epitomize; n. contraction, reduction, wrinkle, fold, crease, slipknot, noose, epitome; curukkam brevity, conciseness, abbreviation, epitome, shortness, contraction, decrease; cukku (cukki-) to get dry; curul. (curul.v-, curun.t.-) to shrivel, shrink (as leaf), droop (as from heat, hunger), be reduced to severe straits; curi (-v-, -nt-) to wrinkle; (-pp-, -tt-) to get dried, contract, shrink, wrinkle; draw in (as tortoise its head)(Ta.); curun.n.uka to shrivel, shrink, be contracted, wrinkled, decrease; curukkam contraction, shortness; curukku sliding string, noose; curukkuka to contract, furl (sails), wrap, fold, reduce, shorten; cukkuka to grow dry, shrivel; cukku dry; cun.n.uka to grow dry or lean, be reduced; cu_l.uka to shrink, contract; cu_l.al shrinking; con:ku withered (Ma.); curg- (curgy-) to stint oneself to support family; curk- (curky-) to make small, draw up (legs, fingers), shrink; cug- (cugy-) to be creased; cort.y state of a hoe being worn short by much use (Ko.); tu.r.- (tu.r.y-) to shrink; tu.l.- (tu.d.-) to pull legs close to body (e.g. while sleeping)(To.); surku, sukku to contract, shrivel, shrink, fade; surku, sukku, sun:ku, sokku contracting, shrivelling, shrinking, a wrinkle; soragu to wither, grow dry or sapless, sink away, grow lean (Ka.); sorat.u state of being contracted, shrivelled, as a leaf; surul. to contract, shrivel, shrink, fear; surut.u, surun.t.u to become shrivelled or contracted; surul.cu to cause to contract, etc.; cirn.t.elu shrunken (Ka.); surun.t.uni, surut.uni, sirn.t.uni, sirnduni to shrivel, contract, shrink; surn.t.u, surut.u contraction, shrivelling; surugu sinking, sliding; sirkuni, tirkuni to fade, shrivel, become weak, lean, fall off; sirka_vuni, tirka_vuni to cause to fade, make lean, weaken; sirku fading, shrivelling, weakness; jurun:guni to hesitate, be reluctant;[cf. jan:ku to fear, hesitate (Te.)(DEDR 2281)]; nurluni to wind up, fold, shrink (Tu.); suru~gu to disappear, flee, shrink, fade; srukku to shrink, fade, become weak; sorugu a dead or dry leaf (Te.); suk- (sukt-) to fade, wither (Kol.); curk- to shrivel, (cheeks) sink in; curkip- (curkit-) to make to shrivel (Pa.); su_r dry pulled stalks of san-hemp (Go.); cog're_ person with sunken cheeks (Kur.); kurring, kurre_nging to shrink from, contract, keep back, withhold (hand, property); surkutn.e~ to corrugate or wrinkle (M.)(DEDR 2687). cun.an:ku to be jaded (Ta.); jun.ugu to shrink, contract, withdraw; a shrunk, crippled body (Ka.); jud.u~gu, jun.u~gu, jugu to lurk, slink, shrink, withdraw (Te.)(DEDR 2660). s'us'uks.ati wishes to dry (Skt.); cum.cha dry; cum.chia dried up (Pkt.); cuchu dried (of fruit); cucik (Kal.)(CDIAL 12508). sukha_r scarcity of rain (Bi.)(CDIAL 12550). suked. dry side or part (Bi.)(CDIAL 12550). sukkhati dries up (Pali); sukkhana (Pali); sukkhai, sukkai (Pkt.); sux- (Shum.); hokhun (K.); sukan.u, pp. suko (S.); sukhan., sukun. (L.); sukkn.a_ (P.); sukhn.o, sukn.o (Ku.); suknu (N.); sukhiba_ (Or.); su_khab (Mth.); su_khal (Bhoj.); su_kai (OAw.); su_khna_ (H.); su_kai dries up, becomes lean (OMarw.); sukvu~ to dry up; suka_vu~ to become emaciated (G.); sukn.e~ to dry up (M.); sukta_ (Konkan.i); sukkha_pe_ti (Pali); sukkha_ve_i (Pkt.); sukha_un.a_ (P.); s'kon.u to dry (grain in the sun)(WPah.); suka_unu (N.); xuka_iba to dry; to dry up, heal (A.); suka_na (B.); sukha_iba_ (Or.); sukha_na_ (H.); sukavvu~ (G.)(CDIAL 12552). s'us.kapattra dried or withered leaf (Skt.); suk(h)vat dried plantain leaf or part of one (M.)(CDIAL 12553). s'us.ka_pa having water dried up (R.); dried-up pond, mud (S'Br.); sukve~ a parched or dried crop (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 12554). xws'ty dried (Pahl..); s'tu dry (Kt.); s.us.t.a (Kal.); sot.u dried up, dry and hard (S.)(CDIAL 12555). s'us.n.a demon (of drought?)(RV.); sun, fire (Skt.)(CDIAL 12556). s'us.yati becomes dry (AV.); sussati dries up (Pali); sussai, su_sai Pkt.); sus (Ash.); shechaun to dry up; sheshi-sta barren (of woman)(Wg.); sus- to dry up (Pas'.); s'is'a_l dry (Bshk.); s'is'e_lo (Chil.); s'us'oiki, 3 sg. s'u_s'ei, pp. s'u_ku, s'is'yo_nu (Sh.); susan.u (S.); sussan. (L.); susa_ (B.)(CDIAL 12559).

3393.Dry: cun.t.u (cun.t.i-) to dry up, be evaporated by heat; boil, stew, simmer; n. sediment, that which adheres to a pot when boiling (Ta.); cund-- (cund-y-) to boil away; to starve oneself for one's children's sake (Ko.); sun.d.u to evaporate; sun.d.isu to make evaporate, reduce in boiling (Ka.); cun.d.u to be evaporated or dried up (Te.); s'un.t.h- to become dry (Skt.)(DEDR 2662).

3394.Eighty: s'i_th, s'i_t eighty (K.)(CDIAL 911). sau~s whole (Mth.); sau~se complete (EH.); saman:ga having all the limbs (AV.)(CDIAL 13174). am.s'a share, part (RV.)(CDIAL 2). as'i_ti eighty (Skt.); asi_ti (Pali); asi_i (Pkt.); asii (Skt.); asi_ (S.); assi_ (L.P.); a_si_, as's'i_ (WPah.); assi_ (Ku.); asi (N.); a_si (B.); asi (Or.); asi_ (Bhoj.Aw.); assi_, asi_ (H.); e~si_ (G.); ais'i~_, e~s'i_ (M.); asu_ (owes its final vowel to anu_ 90)(Si.)(CDIAL 911). ci_ttuvam < s'ri_-tva prosperity (Pan.avit.u. 158)(Ta.); ci_ttana id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) asi_ti a great many (Pali.lex.) Eight: at.t.ha eight (Pali);[Vedic as.t.au, old dual, pointing to a system of counting by tetrads; nava 'nine' may be connected with nava new, fresh (Pali)[Lith. navas; Lat. novus; Goth. niujis; E. new; Skt. navya ; Lat. novius] because in counting by tetrads (octo = 8 is a dual!) a new series begins with number nine... Av. as'ta, Lat. octo, Goth. ahtau = OHG. ahto, Ger. acht, E. eight] The number has objective significance, based on natural phenomena: see cmpds. -angula, -nakha, -pada, -pa_da... quite conspicuous is the meaning of a 'couple' in the phrase satt-at.t.ha 7 or 8 = a couple, e.g. sattat.t.ha divasa_ a week or so... used as a measure of quantity and distance, where it also implies the respectability of the gift, 8 being the lowest unit of items that may be given decently; thus freq. as at.t.ha kaha_pan.a_... at.t.ha kari_sa_; at.t.ha-pada a chequered board for gambling or playing drafts, etc., lit. having eight squares, i.e. on each side (Pali.lex.) {Since octo = 8 is a dual, as.t.au it should be made up of two 'fours'. This compound embeds the morpheme for four which traverses a phonemic spectrum: caturam square (Ta.); catva_rah. pl. four (RV.)(CDIAL 4655); catus.ka set of four (RV.)(CDIAL 4629).} cf. et.t.u eight (Ta.); ar.mur, ar.mu, armur, yermud eight (Go.); en.mar, en.var eight persons (Ta.)(DEDR 784). en. calculation, mathematics, number (Ta.); en.n.u (en.n.i-) to think, count, reckon, compute, set a price upon, consider, determine; en.n.am mathematics, thought, idea; en.n.alar, en.n.ar mathematicians; en.n.ikkai numbering, esteem, reverence; e_n.i number (Ta.); en. number, thought; en.n.am number, counting; en.n.uka to count, number, esteem, relate; en.n.ikka to get counted, account for; n. counting (Ma.); n.- (n.y-) to count; n.m (obl. n.t-) counting, numbers (To.); en.ike, en.n.ike counting, number, thinking, observation; en.isu, en.asu, en.usu, en.n.isu to add together, enumerate, count, estimate, appreciate, consider, think, plan, compare; en.n.u to count, think (Ka.); n.n.- (n.n.i-) to say, tell (Kod..); en.n.uni to count, think, presume, expect; en.n.ige, en.ike, en.e, en:ke calculation, estimation (Tu.); ennu to count, reckon, think, believe, esteem, care for, criticize; ennika counting, number, esteem, regard, opinion, hope; encu to count, reckon, enumerate, think, consider, believe, judge, esteem (Te.); eja number; eja ca_j- to count (ca_j- to do)(Pa.); eja ki- id. (Pe.); eji ki- id. (Mand..); eji ki_nai id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 793). {It is significant that 'enumeration' is distinct from 'division'. Ancient numeral systems have included multiple sets of vocables. One set, for e.g., to count upto four; from then on, count in 'fours' until five 'fours' or a super-set 'twenty' is reached, as a terminal point in counting. Another set is used for 'division' arithmetic. Eighty connoting the whole can be divided in a binary sequence of measures, e.g. ma_ (1/20, i.e. the whole is divided into four 'parts'); ka_n.i (1/80, i.e. each ma_ is further divided into four 'parts'); cf. cmpd. ma_ka_n.i ( = ma_ + ka_n.i, i.e. 1/16). It is notable that there is a morpheme for the fraction 1/320 when the 'whole' is to be broken down to its miniscule part, again dividing in 'fours', (i.e. 320 becomes 80; 80 becomes 20): muntiri (muntiri me_r- ka_n.i mikuvate_l: Na_lat.i, 346)(Ta.); id. (Ma.)(DEDR 4964). A later evolution into the decimal system is apparent from the multiple uses of the morpheme: vi_s'-: e.g., vi_cam (Ta.) is a unit of 'division', a fraction 1/16 or ma_ka_n.i. It takes 20 vi_cam's to arrive at a set of four 'eighties'. This arithmetic leads to the use of the phoneme, vi_s'- to connote '20'. The usage of this morpheme, vi_s'- relates to a stage of evolution of numeration systems to continue counting beyond four, upto ten and then up to twenty by adding units to the ten as a base}.

3395.Four; market; image: cross-roads:s'to four (Bashg.)[cf. the 'dual' of four: as.t.au (Skt.)= 8, et.t.u = 8 (Ta.)]; cawwa_, cauwa_ aggregate of four (H.); caturvaya fourfold (RV.)(CDIAL 4619). {Since as.t.au 'eight' is dual, it should be made up of two 'fours'. This compound embeds the morpheme for four which traverses a phonemic spectrum: catus.ka set of four (RV.)(CDIAL 4629). caturam square (Ta.); catva_rah. pl. four (RV.)(CDIAL 4655)} catva_rah. pl. four (RV.); catva_ri pl.; caturah. acc. pl. (Skt.); catta_ro_ acc. (Pali); catpa_ro (As'.); catta_ro_ acc. (Pkt.); s'tar, cetar (Gypsy); cata_ (Ash.); ctva, s'tva (Kt.); cata_ (Wg.); cpu_ (Pr.); satara, hatara (Si.); catta_ri acc. (Pali.Pkt.); cata_li (As'.);[the abnormal phonetic development from caturah. to cata_li may be connected with X na_l'er four (Kond.a); na_r-r-i fourfold (Ta.); na_lgi four (Kui)(DEDR 3655)]; ca_ri (Skt.); ca_r (Sh.); cⁱa_r (Sh.); ca_ri (S.); ca_r (L.P.Ku.N.); sa_ri (A.); cia_ri (OB.); ca_ir, ca_r (B.); ca_ri (Or.Mth.Aw.OH.); cya_r (OH.); ca_r (H.); cya_ri, cya_ra (OMarw.); cya_ri (with i from bi, trini)(OG.); ca_r (G.); cya_r (M.); ca_r (M.); cya_ri (Konkan.i); cara, catu, co_ra (NiDoc.); caro_, cahim. (Pkt.); caur (D..); co_r, cu_r (Dm.); cower (Tir.); co_r, ca_r (Pas'.); c^uo_r (Nin:g.); co_ur (Shum.); cau_r (Shum.); cawu_r, sawu_r (Wot..); cu_r (Gaw.); ca_u (Kal.); chor (with aspiration from choi six)(Kho.); co_r, co_er (Bshk.); co_u (Tor.); co_r (Kand.); saur, co_ur (Mai.); cor (Gau.); co_r (Sv.); co_u (Phal.); ca_r (Sv.Phal.); co_r (K.); caur, ca_ur, co_r, co_ur (K.); caur (P.); co_ur, cr, co_u_r, caur (WPah.); cahum. obl. pl. (OAw.)(CDIAL 4655). cao_r.a_ fourfold (L.); covr.u~ id. (G.)(CDIAL 4624). catukkam junction where four roads meet (Tirumuru. 225); platform (Tailava. Pa_yi. 44); catura-c-canti junction of four roads (Perun.. Ucaik. 50,7) (Ta.lex.) caukha_ place where boundaries of four villages meet (H.)(CDIAL 4634). cf. hat.t.i a petty market or fair (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) caumuha_na_ junction of four streams or roads (H.)(CDIAL 4618). causi~ha_ place where the boundaries of four villages meet (H.)(CDIAL 4593). cahat.t.a, cahat.t.aya bazar (Pkt.); cauhat.t.a_ place where two market streets cross (P.H.); cahot.a_, cahut.a_ cross-roads (M.)(CDIAL 4626). cf. cowot^u cross-roads (K.)(CDIAL 4620). catus.patha cross-roads (S'Br.); catuppatha (Pali); cappaha (Pkt.); saupantha_ (A.); caupath (H.); cauma_tha_ (B.); caumatha_ (Or.)(CDIAL 4642). caukhu~r.o square (N.); caukhun.t.a_ (Or.); caukhu~_t.a_ (H.); cokhu~_t. on all sides (G.); caukhu~t. on all sides; caukhu~t.a_ square bit of cloth (M.); caukun.d.o, caukun.d.ya_ro square (S.)(CDIAL 4635). catus.pa_da four-footed (S'Br.); catus.pa_dika_ verse of 4 lines (Skt.); caupa_ia_ quadruped (P.); caupa_i_ quadruped (S.); caupa_yo four-footed (N.); pl. caupa_ya_ cattle (N.); four-footed, stool (B.); four-footed, cot (Or.); caupa_, caupa_ya_ four-footed (H.); caupa_yi~_ with all four feet or legs; caupa_yi_ four-footed (M.); siyupu quadruped (OSi.); sivpa_ (Si.); catuppa_dika_ stanza of 4 lines (Pali); caupa_i_ (P.H.); caupa_i (N.); copa_i_ (G.)(CDIAL 4646). caupakha_ surrounding wall (H.); catus.paks.a having 4 posts (AV.)(CDIAL 4637). saupat. game of dice (A.); capat.a (Or.); cpat. a game like blackgammon (L.); caupat., cau~pat. dice cloth (P.); copat. dice board (G.); caupat. (M.)(CDIAL 4639). catus.put.a having 4 folds (A_pS'r.); cappud.a having 4 folds (Pkt.); caupar.i a game played on a cloth divided into 4 compartments (S.); co_par. a game like chess (L.); cau~pur. dice cloth (P.); copar. a game played on a board with 4 divisions (WPah.); caupar. cloth or board divided into 4 squares on which a game is played (H.); caupad.i_ (OMarw.); copr.i_ this game (Marw.); caupud.i_ having 4 compartments (of box, wallet etc.)(M.)(CDIAL 4648). ca_vat.i open dais in front of a house for general use (Pan.avit.u. 163)(Ta.); inn, choultry (Ira_mana_. Cuntara. 3); id. (Ma.); ca_vad.i id. (Te.Ka.); sa_vat.i_ (M.); ca_vat.i-c-ci_t.t.u a chit or ticket permitting one to obtain food at a choultry (Ta.lex.) cowot^u cross-roads (K.); cauva_t.o (infl. by simplex va_t.a road); cauvat.i adv. on all sides (S.); cauba_t., cauba_t.a_ cross-roads (Ku.); cauba_t.o (N.); caubat.iya_ place where boundaries of four fields meet (Bi.); covat. open space where four or more roads meet, market-place; caut.u~ market-place; cova_t, cova_t.e on all sides (G.); cauva_t.a_ cross-roads (M.); caupat. square open space (N.); caupat.t.a_ (M.); comt.a_, co~pt.a_ mound where boundaries of 4 villages meet (H.)(CDIAL 4620). caturas'ri quadrangular (RV.); caturas'ra (Kaus'.); caurasi, caura_si (S.); siurs (Si.); caturassa, caturassaka (Pali); carassa (Pkt.); caursa_ (L.); caursa (P.); coras' flat, level (WPah.); co_ras square (Ku.); cauras (N.); square, level, flat (B.Or.); square (Bi.); caursa_ a broad file (Bi.); cauras square, level (H.); coras square; a square (G.); cauras (M.)(CDIAL 4598). On all sides: caturdis'am on all sides (MBh.); catuddisam., catuddisa_ in all directions (Pali); caturdis'e, cadudis'i belonging to the four quarters (of the San:gha)(KharI.); caddisam., ca_uddisim. on all sides (Pkt.); caudisi, caudis (Mth.); codis', codas' (G.); caudis (H.); catudisa (OSi.Bra_hmi_ inscr.)(CDIAL 4609). Image: boundary: catir boundary, limit (Ta.); atir id. (Ma.); adiri border (Ka.); adiru, aduru a limit, boundary wall (Tu.)(DEDR 2325). cohodi, sarhad boundary (Santali.lex.) catus.ka consisting of four; set of four (Mn.); quadrangular courtyard (Skt.); catukka set of four, junction of four roads, village square (Pali); caukkka set of four, cross-roads, square (Pkt.); caukkia_ courtyard (Pkt.); cok^u rectangular frame; cokh, cokas house built round a court-yard (K.); cau~ku frame of door, square; cau~ko figure 4, smearing with cowdung; cau~ki_ stool (S.); cauk four cowries; cauka_ cooking place; cauk square (L.); cauk open square where 4 roads meet; caukka_ cooking place; cauka_ figure 4, cauki_ chair (P.); cauk courtyard (Ku.); cauk courtyard; cauko eating place (N.); sauka_ supports for cooking pot; saki_ stool (A.); cauk square courtyard; cauka_ adj. square; cooking place (Or.); cauki_ long low bench for sitting on (Mth.); cak increased by four (Bhoj.); caka_ cooking place (Bhoj.); cauk square, market (H.); cauka_ aggregate of four, cooking and eating place (H.); cauki_ square low seat (H.); caukho, cauko wooden seat (Ku.); cauki chair (N.); cok square, market, number four (G.); coko quadrangular spot, cooking place; coki_ square low seat (G.); cokiyu~ waggon drawn by four bullocks (G.); cauk courtyard, number four; cauka_ cooking place; cauki_ aggregate of four, stool (M.); cauku market (Konkan.i) (CDIAL 4629). catus.ko_n.a quadrangular (Skt.); catuko_n.a four-cornered (Pali); cakko_n.a, ca_ukko_n.a (Pkt.); cauku_n.a, cuku_n.a (P.); co_ku~r.~ (Ku.); caukuna_ four-cornered (N.); caukon.a_ (B.); cakon.a_ (Or.); cakun.a_ (Or.); caukon, caukona_ (H.); caukon., caukon.i_ (M.)(CDIAL 4633). cakkat.t.hi_ doorframe (Pkt.); cauka_t.h doorframe (L.); caukt.ha_ picture-frame (L.); cauka_t.h, caukhat. doorframe (P.); cuka_t.h frame of anything (P.); cuka_t.h wooden doorframe (WPah.); caukhat. (N.); sauka_t.h (A.); cauka_t.h (B.); cauka_t.ha (Or.); caukat.h (Bi.); caukhat.h, caukhat., caukhat.a_ (H.); cekt.hu~ rectangular frame (G.); caukat. (M.)(CDIAL 4631). Fourth: turi_ya fourth (RV.); a quarter (AV.); turi_yaka (Ya_j.); turya (Pa_n.. Va_rtt.); turia 4th (Pkt.); truy^u votive oblations made on behalf of a woman on the 4th day of delivery (K.)(CDIAL 5881). turi_ya a quarter, a fourth part; (in ve_da_nta phil) the fourth state of the soul in which it becomes one with Brahman or the Supreme Spirit (Skt.lex.) turya_s'ra 4-cornered (Skt.); turyavah cow 4 years old (TS.)(CDIAL 5881). caturtha fourth (AV.); catuttha (Pali); cauttha, cattha, caut.t.ha (Pkt.)(CDIAL 4600). cautha_ri_, caut.ha_ri_ untying of bracelets 4 days after marriage ceremony (Bi.)(CDIAL 4603). cautha_i_, cotha_i_ a quarter (S.); cautha_i_, cutha_i_ (P.); cautha_i (N.); cautha_i_ (Mth.H.M.); cotha_i_ (G.)(CDIAL 4602). caturttam fourth (Tan.d.i. 95)(Ta.lex.) Custom-house: cavikkai custom-house (Ta.); cavukkai id. (Ma.); cauki_ (U.) (Ta. lex.) Wedding pavilion: caturam < catur-as'ra square (Perun.. Ucaik. 42,29); id. (Ma.); catura-p-pa_t.u id. (Kur-al.. 235, Urai)(Ta.lex.) catura square; caturika_ square court (Skt.); caraya meeting place in a village (Pkt.); cauri_, cauriya_ wedding pavilion (Pkt.); caura_ raised platform on which the Tulasi plant is worshipped (H.); cori having four sloping roofs, quadrangular (B.); cauri_ courtyard surrounded by houses; caura_ place where sati_ is performed (H.); coro village meeting place (G.); cori_ square enclosure in which marriage ceremony is performed (G.)(CDIAL 4595). caupa_ri_ assembly hall (OAw.); caupa_r. vestibule, assembly room (H.)(CDIAL 4644). catvara quadrangular place (MBh.); caccara quadrangular space (Pali); cattara, caccara (Pkt.); ca_tar expanse of water (B.); ca_ta_l enclosed space, paved floor (B.); ca_car courtyard (G.)(CDIAL 4654). cavukkai square shed; raised square platform for sitting (Vir-alivit.u. 112)(Ta.); caukka (Pkt.)(Ta.lex.) caturvim.s'ati twenty-four (VS.); catuvi_sati (Pali); cavi_sai, cavi_sa, cauvvi_sa (Pkt.); cowuh (K.); covi_h (S.); cvi_, cavvi_ (L.); cauvi_ (P.); cbbi (WPah.); caubis (N.); saubix (A.); cabbis' (B.); cabis'a (Or.); caubis (Aw.); caubi_s (H.); covi_s (G.); cavvi_s, covi_s (M.)(CDIAL 4623). ca_r-a a line, a streak (Ka.); ca_r-apoppul.i a checkered female garment (Ka.); ca_ra four (M.); ca_rkha_ne-si_re a female's cloth with small coloured squares in it (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3396.Trousers: suta_n, suto_n, su_tan (Pas.); sutha_n (Phal.); sutha_n. (Phal.); suthan.a pantaloons, drawers (S.); sutthan women's drawers (L.); su_tthan. trousers (L.); suthan. pyjama trousers (L.); sutthan., sutthun. women's loose trousers (P.); su_than trousers (H.); su_thna_ men's trousers (H.); su_thni_ women's trousers (H.); suntha_na trousers (Tibetan-Skt. lexicon); su_tha_m.na (Khotanese-Skt. bilingual); s.atu_ a kind of trousers (Ash.); sota, sonta (Wg.); seta_n (Tir.); som.stani trousers? (NiDoc.); sosten trousers, drawers (Gypsy)(CDIAL 13468). cu_t.i cloth; cu_r-ai loin cloth, short drawers, callat.am (Ci_vaka. 632)(Ta.lex.) cf. semantic extension: cu_t.u to wear, esp. on the head (Ta.)(DEDR 2721).

3397.Aniseed: madhuraka seed of anethum panmorium (Sus'r.); madhurika_ (Skt.); mahuraga (NiDoc.); mari aniseed (B.)(CDIAL 9794). kan.t.il-ven.n.ai chinese anise, peruci_rakam (Kampara_. A_r-r-up. 13)(Ta.lex.) Pimpinella anisum: aniseed, pimpinella anisum, seeds [shetapusapa (Skt.); saonf (H.); muhuri (B.); sonf (M.); shombu (Ma.); cultivated in north-west India, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Orissa (GIMP, p.193). Pimpinella anisum (Ancient Egyptian inst; Modern Egyptian Arabic janso_n) 'Aniseed may be indigenous to Egypt and Asia Minor... The seeds have a strong aromatic flavour reminiscent of liquorice and very similar to fennel... is employed internally for various stomach ailments and is chewed for toothache (in pharaonic medical texts)'. (Lise Manniche, An Ancient Egyptian Herbal, British Museum Publications Ltd., p. 135). chattra fennel; mushroom (Skt.) s'atapus.pa_ peucedanum graveolens (Car. Su. 4.25,26) s'atapus.pa having 100 flowers (MBh.); anethum sowa (Sus'r.); s'atapus.pika_ (Skt.); s'atam.hima, s'atahima (AV.); satapuppha_ anise (Pali); sayapuppha_ (Pkt.); sapa (Or.); sauph (H.); sopha_ pl. (G.); s'ep, s'epu_ (M.); s'orum (Kho.); sau~pha (S.); sau~ph (P.); su~p (N.); sau~ph (Bi.H.); so~p, sop (M.); soe pl. (P.); soa_ (H.)(CDIAL 12283). catakuppi dill, anethum sowa (M.M. 852); bishop's weed, o_mam; cata-kuppai id. (Pata_rtta. 1046); cata-put.pi id. (Tailava. Taila. 59)(Ta.lex.) sada_pa, sada_bu, sabbasige, so_pu a kind of fennel, anethum panmori or sowa; sada_bu a strong-smelling herb, the common rue, ruta graveolens; sada-guppe a sort of fennel; s'atapus.pe a sort of dill or fennel, anethum sowa; sabbasige id. (Ka.lex.)

3398.Carroway, parsley, cummin: ajamo_da, ajamo_da_, ajamo_dika_ carroway, parsley, ligusticum ajwaen (Sus'r.); ajamo_ja cummin-seed (Pali); ajmo parsley (G.); o~va_ ligusticum ajwaen, sison ammi and its seed (M.); ada_ anethum sowa; adimoda a kind of parsley, carum copticum (Si.)(CDIAL 152). aja_ji_ cuminum cyminum, ficus oppositifolia, nigella indica (Sus'r.); o_jo_z caraway (Kho.)(CDIAL 156). ajas ointment, mixture (RV.); a~_za_ curry, pottage (A.); vyajana condiment (MBh.)(CDIAL 172). Cummin-seed: ji_raka cummin-seed (Sus'r.Pali); ji_raya (Pkt.); zyur^u carroway seed, cummin-seed (K.); ji_ro, ji_ri_ cummin-seed (S.); ji_ra_, ji_ri_ (P.); jiro, jir (Ku.); jiro (N.); zi_ra_ (A.); ji_ra_ (B.Or.Bi.); ji_r (Mth.); ji_ra_ (H.); ji_ru~ (G.); jiri~_, jire~ (M.); duru cummin-seed, fennel (Si.)(CDIAL 5234).

3399.Yellow orchid: s'a_li_na_ anethum panmorium (Skt.); s'ali_l yellow orchid with edible roots (Pas'.)(CDIAL 12416). Anethum sowa = peucedanum graveolens: satapushpi (S.); sowa (H.B.); surva (M.); sata kuppi (Ta.); fruits: carminative, stomachic; essential oil from the seeds: carminative; useful in flatulence of children; seeds yield 3-3.5% essential oil; habitat: throughout India, often cultivated (GIMP, p.19). Anethum graveolens, peucedanum graveolens: garden dill, dill seed, anet; dill (Ger.); fenouil puant (Fr.); part used: the dried ripe fruit; habitat: southern Europe; uses: stimulant, aromatic and carminative; in the flavouring of dill pickles, salads, meat and fish sauces, soups etc. (Heber, W. Youngken, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company, 1950, p. 634). {anethum graveolens (Ancient Egyptian imst; Coptic amici; Modern Egyptian Arabic s'abat) Dill is used primarily as a condiment... Oil from the seed is used chiefly as a scent in soaps and perfumes. (James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 1985, p.42). 'Dill is an umbelliferous annual with feathery aromatic leaves and umbels with yellow flowers. Dill leaves and, to some extent, dill seeds are widely used in cooking, particularly in Scandinavian countries, where it accompanies shellfish, and the unripe flower head is an important flavouring agent in pickled gherkins... Dioscorides says that it was called arakhou in Egyptian... In ancient Egypt dill was an ingredient in a pain-killing mixture... The seeds were used in an unguent for headache along with bryony, coriander, donkey's fat and two unidentified plants, and in a poultice for the 'vessels' of the shoulder including myrrh, frankincense, chaste-tree, grass, sawdust of fir, sycamore figs, fermented plant juice and three unidentified items... Dill stems with leaves and flowers were found on the mummy of Amenophis II (1567-1320 BC).' (Lise Manniche, An Ancient Egyptian Herbal, British Museum Publications Ltd., p. 74).

3400.Mango: cu_ta the mango tree, mangifera indica (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.)

3401.Image: fish: cot.t.ai-va_l.ai fresh water fish, silvery, attaining more than 2 ft. in length, notopterus kapirat; butter-fish, fresh-water fish, silvery shot with purple, attaining 1 1/2 ft. in length, callichrous bimaculatus (Ta.lex.)

3402.To cut to pieces: sond.a (sond.i-) to cut to pieces, chop up, hack; pl. action sot.ka (sot.ki-)Kui); hu_ndali, hun.d.- (-it-), hond.- to cut to pieces (flesh)(Kuwi); hond.- (-t-) to cut up (meat); intens. hot.ka- (Pe.); en.d.- to cut meat, carve (Go.)(DEDR 2841). kud.keakud.ke kar make pieces; gutki, gutke chop-house (Kon.lex.)

3404.Bag for food: co_ttu-p-pakka_l.i, co_r-r-u-p-pakka_l.i, co_r-r-u-p-pakkarai a glutton, as a bag for food; a bag containing food (Ta.lex.)

3405.Image: rag: sotthiya a childbirth rag (Pali.lex.)

3406.A climbing plant: co_tiyam < jyo_tis.mati_ climbing staff plant, va_lul.uvai, celastrus paniculata (Ta.lex.)

3407.Bouquet: cen.t.a_yutan- Aiyan-a_r, as bearing the weapon cen.t.u, a kind of bouquet (Tiruva_ca. 9,18)(Ta.); cen.d.u (Te.); cen.t.alari double-flowered oleander, nerium odorum (Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

3408.Fine: cen.n.am beautiful form (Perun.. Ucaik. 3,75); fine, delicate work (Ci_vaka. 1333); can-n-am fine plaster (Ta.); sanna fineness (Te.Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Image: fine, thin: sido fine, smooth, thin (Gypsy)(CDIAL 14836). cf. syod^u straight (K.); sidho straight (S.)(CDIAL 13401).

3409.Image: a large drum: can-n-ai a large temple drum (Ta.lex.) sam.na_dayati causes to resound (MBh.); sanna_na_ to resound (H.); san(n)a_t.a_ loud whistling or whizzing noise (H.)(CDIAL 12927). cintu_ram a kind of drum (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) Image: large drum: cen.t.ai a kind of large drum (Kampara_. Pirama_t. 5); cen.t.a (Ma.); cen.d.e (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) cen.t.a kettledrum (Ma.); can.d.e a kind of drum (Ka.); can.d.i id. (Kor.); cen.d. a large drum (Tu.)(DEDR 2767). svana noise (RV.); svanati sounds (R.); ava_svani_t, pl. svanayan (RV.); sanati, san.ati sounds (Pali); san.a sound (Pkt.); san.ia sounded (Pkt.); sana whizz (B.); san whistling, whizz, shooting pain (H.); sansan with a whizz (N.); sansana_hat.i humming in the ears (Mth.); sansana_na_ resound, whistle, whizz, be excited; sunsuna_na_, sansana_hat. whizzing, etc. (H.); san.san. with a whizz (G.); san.an.an. (M.); san:kijan.u to be blasted (S.); sankanu to get very angry (N.); sanakna_ to have a ringing in the head, be tipsy (H.); san:ko whizz (G.); san:ka_ (M.)(CDIAL 13901). sva_na noise (RV.); twang (of bowstring)(Skt.); sa_n trill in music (P.); san-a sound (Si.)(CDIAL 13926). avasvanati flies down with noise (RV.); avas.van.ati smacks the lips (Pa_n..); vasan.n.e~, vasn.a_vn.e~, vasn.avn.e~ to talk in sleep or delirium, rave (M.)(CDIAL 880). nisva_na sound (MBh.); nisvana (Ya_j.); n.issan.a, n.i_san.a (Pkt.); nisa_na music (MB.); nisa_n.a large drum (OM.); nisa_n (Bhoj.); ni_sa_n kettledrum (H.); ni_sa_n.a, ni_m.sa_n.a announcing drum (OG.)(CDIAL 7537).

3410.Camphor; image: sun, fire: cut.ar fire, brightness (Ma.); cu_d.- singeing, searing, heating (Skt.)(DEDR 2654). cut.ar burning lamp; flame; spark; sun; sunshine; light, brilliance, lustre (Ta.lex.) ce-cut.ar sun, fire (Ta.); kecod.ar sun, fire (Ka.); ce-cut.-p-pakavan the fire-god; the sun-god (Ta.lex.) cut.ar burning lamp (Perumpa_n.. 349); sod.ar (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) cu_t.u that which is heated, burnt, roasted (Pat.t.in-ap. 63); id. (Ma.); heat, warmth (Ta.); tcu_d.u (Te.); cu_t.u (Ma.); cu_d.u (Te.)(Ta.lex.) cu_t.t.at.uppu a kind of domestic oven (Kumara. Pira. Mi_n-a_t.. Pil.l.ait. 23); cu_t.at.uppu (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) Images: sun; lamp: co_ti < jyo_tis light, splendour, lustre, brilliancy, effulgence (Tiruva_ca. 3,20); ray or streak of light; lamp, torch; fire; sun; the supreme being; S'iva; lit. camphor; vermilion; co_ticu brilliancy (Ci. Ci. 8,21, Civa_k.); co_tit.ar the heavenly bodies (Cu_l.a_. Tur-avu. 206); co_tiyan- god, as radiant (Tiruva_ca. 1,72); co_tiya_n- the sun, as luminous (Kampara_. Tirumut.i. 34)(Ta.lex.) Astrologers: co_tit.am < jyo_tis.a astrology (Na_lat.i, 52); co_tit.avar astrologers (Pu. Ve. 4,8, Urai.); co_ti-nu_l astronomy (Ce_tupu. Kantama_. 17)(Ta.lex.) Image: sun: u_r.. time, turn, sun (Ta.); en-r--u_r.. sun, summer, sunshine (Ta.)(DEDR 869); ur..i regular order (Ta.); u_t.u time, turn (Ma.); u_r..am turn, turn of duty (Ma.); u_r..i earth, world (Ma.); u_r..ukka_ran undertaker of a lottery (Ma.); su_r.. time, turn, season (Ka.)(DEDR 2736). sus'ka dried (RV.)(CDIAL 12548). su_ra sun (RV.Pali.Pkt.); su_riya (RV.); surya (Pali); sujja (Pkt.); suj (L.); sivi the sun's ray (Si.); siju sun (S.); sijjh, sijh, sejj (L.); su_ria (Pkt.); su_ri (Tir.Kand.Phal.); sun, sunshine (Sh.); suri_ (Nin:g.Shum.); su_ri_ (Gaw.); surya (Sv.); su_re, siri_, siri sun (K.); (h)ira, (h)iri, (h)iru, (h)ira (Si.); iru (Md.); sur (Pas'.); si_r (Bshk.); si_ (Bshk.); swi_r (Mai.); sir (Wot..); so_, s^uo (Ash.); so_i so_ (Wg.); su_ (Kt.); ser (Dm.); sa~_ (Gmb.)(CDIAL 13574).

3411.Medicinal oil: cut.al a kind of medicinal oil (Ta.); sod.al (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) sod.d.al.a, sod.d.a_l.a, sod.d.al.a lin:gade_va S'iva (Ka.lex.)

3412.Muddy; wet: jodo bodo to be covered with mud (Santali.lex.) cf. cotta mud, mire (Ma.)(DEDR 2843). cota-coten-al expr. signifying the state of being mashy, as overboiled rice, or of being soaked as with oil or other fluid (Ta.lex.) s'a_da mud (Skt.lex.) sa_dal.n.e to be damp and cold (M.); cha_dla_ moss, slime (B.)(CDIAL 12387). sa_rdra wet, moist (MBh.); sall well-watered and moistened (of land)(Ku.)(CDIAL 13368). a_rdra wet (RV.); adda wet, slippery (Pali); wet (Pkt.); atere wet (Tir.); z mud (Tor.); adj. wet (Tor.); azu wet (Sh.); odur^u (K.); a_d.roko moist (S.); ada wet (Si.); alla moist, freshly gathered (Pali); alla wet (Pkt.); ya_lo fresh, uncooked (Gypsy); all, a_l wet (Bshk.); a_lo (S.); alla_ unripe, half-parched, imperfectly healed (P.); a_lo wet, fresh (Ku.); a_lo freshly picked (N.); a_la_ damp (H.); a_lo (OMarw.); a_la_-li_lu~ half-wet and half-dry (G.); a_la_-pa_la_, a_le~-pa_le~ mere greens and roots (M.)(CDIAL 1340).

3413.Image: crooked: sed.e crookedness (Ka.); sed.avu the state of being crooked or bent (Ka.); sed.e, sat.i, set.e to grow crooked or bent, to bend (Ka.); tat.uku shrinking, shrivelling (Te.); cer-ugu (Ma.); cir-ugu to shrink (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) kad.u crookedness; kad.u-vil, kad.u-bil a crooked, bent bow (Ka.); kud.u, kud.a, kud.i the state of being crooked, bent, hooked or tortous (Ka.); kod.aku crookedness (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) kat.i bending, curvature (Skt.); scelus crooked deed (Lat.); scheel squint (Ger.); kat.i hip, waist (Pali)(Pali.lex.)

3414.Image: to convey, carry: ced.e to convey, carry (Malt.); cer.na_ to raise a burden to one's shoulders, undertake, suffer (Kur.)(DEDR 2762). Shoulder-blade; collarbone: sat.t.a shoulder-blade (Kol.); shoulder (Kol.); back (Nk.); sat.t.a_, satta_, hat.t.a, at.t.a, at.a jaba shoulder; set.t.a_ shoulder-blade (Go.); cat.t.uvam shoulder bone (Ma.)(DEDR 2303). cet.t.ai wing, feather, plumage, fin, shoulderblade (Ta.); cet.t.upa, cat.t.upa wing (Te.)(DEDR 2764). jatru pl. collarbone (RV.); jatruka (Ya_j.); jattu (Pali); jat- shoulder (OSi.10th cent.); dat- shoulder (OSi.13th cent.)(CDIAL 5096). had.d.a bone (Si.); hajhi_ shoulder-blade (S.); ha~ji_ (L.); ha~_s collar-bone (H.); ha~_sr.i_ collar (G.); am.salaga shoulder; ham.sala sort of ornament (Pkt.); hasli_ gold or silver collar (P.); ha~_suli collar (N.); ha~sli_ (H.); ha~_sl.i_ (M.); hasu silver collar (S.); hassi_ collar-bone (L.); has neck-bone (L.); hass, hasi_ shoulderblade (P.); am.sa shoulder, shoulder-blade (RV.); shoulder (Pali.Pkt.); aj-vaj m.pl. limbs; aj-ba~_ (L.); as shoulder (Si.)(CDIAL 6). had.d.a bone (Skt.Pkt.); had.d. (Par.); har bone (Gypsy); hari finger-nail (Gypsy); ho_t., pl. had.a bone (D..); had. (Gaw.Bshk.); had.-mio_ marrow (Phal.); had.d.un:g bone (Phal.); ad.a pl. bones (esp. of forearm and shin); ad.yul^u large bone; ad.ij^u small bone (K.); had.u bone; had.o bone of an animal; had.i_ small bone (S.); had.d., had.d.i_ bone (L.P.); had.d.a_ spavin (L.P.); had. bone (L.); had.d., had.d.o_, pl. had.a~_ (WPah.); ha_r. (Ku.N.B.Bhoj.H.); ha_r (A.); ha_r.a (Or.); ha~_r. (Aw.); had.d.a_, had.d.i_ (H.); ha_d.i_ (OMarw.); ha_d. (G.M.); ha_d.a (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 13952). a_s.u_r.a_ collar-bone (Pas'.)(CDIAL 33).

3415.Tuft of rice plants; bundle of sheaves: su_d.i a small bundle of grass (Ka.); cu_d.i a bundle of faggots (Tu.); su_d.i sheaf, bundle (Tu.); hu_r.i bar.ga stick for carrying sheaves (Kuwi); cu_t.u bundle of sheaves (Ta.); cu_t.t.u bundle, sheaf as of transplanted rice (Ma.); su_d.u a bundle as of grass, etc. (Ka.)(DEDR 2723). kud bundle (Ko.); bundle of firewood or grass (To.)(DEDR 1866). jhu_r.i_ bunch, bundle (G.)(CDIAL 5412). ju_r.i_ bundle, bunch (G.); small knot of hair (L.)(CDIAL 5258). cu_d. tuft of rice plants (M.); cud.i torch of wisps (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 4883). xot.a_ bundle of grass (A.); s'u_n.t.i torch (Phal.); s'ol. reed (Kho.); s'u_i white stem of seedling (Sh.); s.o_lu small branch (Sh.)(CDIAL 12622). Skein, bundle: cu_t.at.ittal to thresh sheaves of corn by treading with cattle (W.)(Ta.lex.) su_t.e a torch of wisps etc. (Ka.); cud.i_, cu_d.a (M.); tu_t.e, su_t.e (Tu.)(Ka.lex.) cu_t.t.u a kind of ola torch (Na_.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) ut.^u skein, bundle (K.); ace id. (K.)[cf.accu weaver's stay or reed (Ma.)(DEDR 48)]; at.t.a_ skein (P.); at.t.i_ skein (L.P.); a_t.i bundle, sheaf (Or.); a_t.i_, an.t.i_ skein, bundle, sheaf (H.); a~_t.i_ skein of thread (G.); a~_t.ho, a~_t.hi plait of hair, bundle, sheaf (Ku.); at.t.ha_ handful (Pkt.)(CDIAL 181). Net; lump: ut.a leaves or grass used for thatching (Skt.)(CDIAL 1681). un.d.uka net, chignon, part of the body (Skt.); un.d.e_rakasraj balls of meal on a string (Ya_j.)(CDIAL 1699). u~d.a_ lump of kneaded dough (M.); unnu_ hoop-shaped mat under a head-burden (L.)(CDIAL 1699). Roll of cloth: in.d.va two coverings made of munja grass to protect the hands from fire (S'Br.); an.d.uva, an.d.uka a roll (of cloth, hairs, or the like)(Pali); an.d.u_paka circular roll of cloth used as a stand for a vessel (Pali); Knob of oven: in.d.a_ knob of an oven (Or.); innu_ hoop-shaped mat put under a head-burden (P.); e~r.ua_ seat of hemp or grass (Aw.); i~_d.wa_, i~_d.huwa_ roll of grass or cloth to put under a head-burden (H.); i~_d.wi_, i~d.uri_ small roll of grass or cloth to put under a head-burden (H.); i~dua_ head mat (H.)(CDIAL 1559). vit.t.i_ bundle (Pkt.); bir.a_ roll of betel, sheaf, packet, coil, rest for a pot (B.); vi_t.o roll (G.); bit.o sheaf (Ku.); bi~_d. coil of coarse rope in a well (P.)(CDIAL 12045). {Concordant with the cu_d.a ~~ in.d.va transforms meaning coil-pad, it is possible that the ancient unit of measure for a skein of thread was: ci_d.u: cen.t.u ball of thread; cet.t.ai short lace-border in cloth (Ta.lex.); cit.t.ai short striped border of a cloth (Ta.); cit.t.e a coloured border or edge of a cloth (Te.)(DEDR 2514)}.

3416.Image: crack: co_ti crack in walls, dams or banks (Ta.); co_ti-vir..utal to be cracked, dimpled (Ta.) cf. che_da (Ta.lex.)

3417.Anus; vulva: cu_ttu anus, buttocks, private parts, pudendum muliebre; cu_r-u anus (Ta.); cu_ttu testicles, penis (Ma.); suti female urinal passage (Kui)(DEDR 2724). cu_ta, cu_ti anus; cyuti vulva (Skt.); cul penis (Pers.); coth, coti anus, vulva (K.); cuti, cutar.u anus, rump (S.); cu_ti vulva (S.); cut anus, bottom (L.); cuttar., cutr.i_ buttock; cutt bottom (of a lamp); cut vulva (L.); cutt, cu_t vulva; cuttar. rump; cittar. buttocks (P.); cu_t vulva (Ku.H.G.); cu_tar. haunch, thigh, hip (Ku.); cutar. anus, buttocks (N.); cutal anus, buttocks (Or.); c.uta~_d. vulva (M.); cu_tar. rump (H.); c.u_t vulva (M.); cud.u id. (S.); cud.d. (L.P.); cur. (P.H.); c.uk (Kho.)(CDIAL 4860). so_tr. engendering (Skt.); savitri_ mother (Skt.); su_tri~_ genital organ (AV.); female (Phal.); so~_c.i adj. female, so_c., pl. so_c.i (of animals)(Sh.); sot vulva (of animals)(M.); so~ti_ (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 13604). zadah podex (Av.); zlu vulva (Pr.)(CDIAL 5097).

3418.To wear on the head; be crowned: cu_t.t.u wreath, garland (Perun.. Ucaik. 46,233); investing; adorning as with crown, head-dress (Ta.); cu_t.t.u-k-kattikai a kind of garland (Ir-ai. 2, Pak. 42, Urai.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) cu_t.am < cu_d.a_ crown of the head (Pa_rata. Aruccun-an-r-i_r. 7)(Ta.lex.) cu_t.u (cu_t.i-) to wear esp. on the head; be invested as with a title, be crowned (Ta.); cu_t.t.u (cu_t.t.i-) to crown; adorning as with crown, garland, crest (Ta.); cu_t.uka to wear on the head (Ma.); cu_t.ikka to crown (Ma.); su_d.u to put on the head as flowers, etc., receive, obtain (Ka.)(DEDR 2721). Image: a type of men's hair style: su_t.e a type of men's hair style (Ga.); cu_t.u hair tuft, crest, comb (Ta.); cu_nd. to tie hair in knot (Pa.); cu_t.a woman's hair tied in knot (Pa.); sund. to roll up and tie hair in bunch (Ga.); cu_d.a_ hair tuft, cock's comb (Skt.)(DEDR 2721)(CDIAL 4883). Image: crest, topknot: chim.d.a, chem.d.a_ crest, topknot (Pkt.); s'e~d.a_ head, tip, top (of anything); s'e~d.i_ tuft left at tonsure (M.); s'em.d.i (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 12434). cen.t.u tassel (Ma.); ce_d.u_ ball (M.); cen.d. ball on man's hair-cord (Ko.); cen.d.u cluster of flowers, bouquet (Ka.)(DEDR 2766). Image: tuft: cin.t.u hair-tuft (Ta.); s'in.t.i id. (Ma.); cit.t.u-k-kut.umi small hair-tuft on the crown of the head (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Images: hairtail worn by men; mane; chignon: su_nd gat. knot of hair at back (Go.); cundi_ the hairtail as worn by men (Kur.) (DEDR 2670). cu_l.a knot, crest (Pali); cu_l.a_ topknot, cockscomb (Pali); cu_d.a_, cu_la_, cu_liya_ topknot, hair tuft, cock's comb, tiger's mane (Pkt.); cur.ya curls (Gypsy); co_ru, cu~r peak, high mountain (Dm.); cul hair of head, curl (B.); cula_ hair of head, lock, headdress (B.); cu_l.a hair on head, lock (Or.); cu_la_ dome on top of a building (Or.); suli hair on head (A.); culo mountain peak (Ku.); cu_l.i conical peak of hill (Or.); cu_r.a_ topknot (H.); cu_r. tenon (L.); crest, top, forehead (Mth.); topknot, ceremony of tonsure (H.); sil.u top, head, lock of hair, peacock's crest (Si.); cu_n knot of hair (Pas'.); cot.o topknot (S.); cot.u cone (S.); cot.i_ peak (L.); top, topknot (S.); cot.t.a_ topknot, top, peak (P.); cut.i topknot (Or.); cut.iya_ (H.); cot.lo hair of head (G.); cundi topknot (Or.)(CDIAL 4883). caud.a relating to tonsure; n. the tonsure ceremony (Mn.); caula (A's'vGr.); co_laa shaving the head (Pkt.); col.e~ tonsure of a child's head (M.)(CDIAL 4936). cu_l.war a grown-up woman wearing all her plaits of hair (Kho.)(CDIAL 4886). colleya, colleha, jolleha pointed end of a female`s bundle of hair at the back of the head (Ka.); jollemu, jol.l.emu a tire formed by weaving the tresses in chains and then by coiling them at the back of the head; a wreath of mangrove flowers (Te.)(DEDR 2858). ju_t.a twisted hair (Skt.); ju_d.a (Pkt.); ju_r.o hair tied in a knot on crown (S.); ju_r.a_ (L.); Sikh's knot of hair (P.); hair tied in a knot (Or.Mth.H.); jura_ id. (Mth.); ju_r.i_ small knot of hair (L.); juro woman's knot of hair, crest of bird, hood of snake, hump of bullock (N.); zuri wisp of grass tied round a tree (A.); jul.i_ bundle of leaves (M.); jud.a_, jud.i_ knot of hair, bunch, bundle (M.); jun.d.a_ short hair (S.)(CDIAL 5258). jhun.t.ri_ woman's queue of hair (WPah.); jhu~t. chignon, bird's crest, protuberance on back of ox or camel (B.); jhun.t.i (Or.); jhu~t.iya_ lock of hair on crown of head (H.); jho~t.i_ queue of hair (Mth.); jho~t.a_ tuft of hair (Bhoj.); jho~t. knot of hanging hair (M.); jhut.u top knot (S.); jhu~r.o knot of hair (S.); jhu_r.a_ (L.); jhur.o bunch of false hair for making up a woman's hair (G.); jhot.o tuft of hair on crown (S.)(CDIAL 5401). jus hair (Pas'.); jhu_s beard of barley (Ku.); jhus fine hair, hairs on a plant or caterpillar, shavings (N.)(CDIAL 5412). {cu_l.a (Skt. cu_lika_, cf. cu_d.a_) swelling, protuberance; root, knot, crest; kan.n.a-cu_l.a the root of an elephant's ear; ad.d.ha-cu_l.a a measure; cu_l.a_ (Vedic cu_d.a_) = cu_l.a, usually in sense of crest only, esp. denoting the lock of hair left on the crown of the head when the rest of the head is shaved; chot.ali (G.); mark of distinction of a king; a cock's comb.(Pali.lex.)} jhot.a fibre of corchorus capsularis, jute (Or.); ju_t. jute (prob. < Eng. jute); jut.hi (NiDoc.); jhut.o, jhot.o (B.)(CDIAL 14524). cu_d.i a coil of rope (Tu.)(DEDR 2723). jut.t.u tuft of hair on shaven head (Ma.Tu.); long lock or tuft of hair, crest of a bird such a peacock (Te.); jut.t.i tuft of hair (Kol.); topknot, cock's comb (Go.); jot.t.u hair-knot (Ka.); jut.t.a, jut.t.u, jut.lu the tuft of hair left on the crown of the head at the ceremony of tonsure, crest, tuft growing on an animal's head (Ka.); jit.t.i tuft of hair as worn by brahmans, etc., woman's backhair (Kod..); cut.t.i_ bristles, mane; hair (of man or animals)(Kur.); cut.t.i tuft of hair (Ta.)(DEDR 2655). ju_t.a- twisted hair of ascetics and S'iva (CDIAL 5258); cu_t.u to wear, esp. on the head; be invested as with a title, be crowned;n. hair tuft, crest, comb (Ta.); cu_t.t.u to adorn as with garlands, crown, invest with honours; crest, cock's comb, snake's head, fellow of a wheel (Ta.); cock's comb, mark on the forehead of cattle (Ma.); su_d.u to put on the head as flowers, etc., receive, obtain (Ka.); cu.d. (cu.d.i) to stick (flower) in hair (Kod..); cu_nd. to tie hair in knot; cu_t.a woman's hair tied in knot (Pa.); sund. to roll up and tie hair in bunch (Ga.); cu_t.al putting on the head (Ma.); cu_t.ikka to make to wear, crown; cu_t.t.uka to put on the head, tie a bundle like a hairlock (Ma.)(DEDR 2721). Cap: kho_la a kind of hat; helmet (Skt.)[cf. xaoda (Av.); xo_l (Psht.)]; kur cap (Kt.); kur. (Par.); kereti (Av.); zuka-kui (Kt.); wol.ik (Pr.); kho_lat.a_, xolat.ek cap (Pr.); kh^ru (Kal.); kho_i pointed cap (Kho.); khe_e (Tor.); kho_i (Sh.D..); kho_i_ cap (Sh.); khol. hooded cloak (M.); holu cloth cap covering the cheeks, helmet (S.)(CDIAL 3942). kulla_ < kula_h (U.) a kind of cap, skull-cap, nightcap, fez (Ko_yilo_. 36) (Ta.lex.) Image: hair worn with plaits in front by virgins: cu~_d.a_ hair worn with plaits in front (by virgins)(L.); cur plait of hair (Gypsy); curn, co_rn lock of hair (Gypsy); cur.uk long hair (Wg.); cu_ri_ long hair (Kal.); cul. plait, woman's hair (Kho.); cul (Kal.)(CDIAL 4883). cundi_ the hairtail as worn by men (Kur.)(DEDR 2670). su_t.e a type of men's hairstyle (Ga.); tu.t. front tuft of hair (To.)(DEDR 2721). cu_d.a_ topknot on head (Skt.); co_d.a (TS.)[< Drav. cf. cu_la_ ceremony of tonsure...it may belong eventually to the group of words for 'hair' (< Munda) including ju_t.a twisted hair (Skt.); ju_r.a_ Sikh's knot of hair, broom (P.) (CDIAL 5258)]; cu_l.a knot, crest (Pali); cu_l.a_ topknot, cockscomb (Pali); cu_d.a_, cu_la_, cu_liya_ topknot, tiger's mane (Pkt.); cur.ya curls (Gypsy); cur plait of hair (Gypsy); co_rn lock of hair (Gypsy); cur.uk long hair (Wg.); cu~ri id. (Kal.); cul. plait, woman's hair (Kho.); cul (Kal.); suli hair on head (A.); cul (B.); cula_ hair on head, headdress, lock (B.); cu_l.a hair on head (Or.); cu_r. topknot, ceremonyy of tonsure (H.); cu_r.a_ topknot (H.); sil.u head, lock of hair (si.); cu_n knot of hair (Pas.); cu~_d.a_ hair worn with plaits in front (by virgins)(L.); knot of hair, cockscomb (P.); co~d.a_, co~r.a_ head, topknot, coil of woman's hair (H.); cot.t.i_ topknot, crest (Pkt.); cot.o topknot (S.); cot.t.a_ topknot (P.); cundi topknot (Or.)(CDIAL 4883). cu_r.a hump on bull or other animal (Or.)(CDIAL 4883). cu_l.war a grown-up woman wearing all her plaits of hair (Kho.); cu_d.a_vati having locks of hair (Skt.)(CDIAL 4886). Image: tiger's mane: cu_d.a_, cu_la_, cu_liya_ tiger's mane (Pkt.); cur.ya pl. curls; cur plait of hair; curn, co_rn lock of hair (Gypsy); cur.uk long hair (Wg.); cu~_r.i_ hair on temples (L.); suli hair on head (A.); cot.i_, cot.li_ tuft of hair (G.)(CDIAL 4883). ul.ai mane, hair of head (Ta.); ul.a mane of horse or lion, man's hair (Ma.)(DEDR 701). carcara- curled or woolly hair (RV.) = caran.as'i_la- (Sa_y.); carcari_ (Skt.); ca~_car curled (of hair), a curl (B.); ca_cara, ca_cera (Or.); ca~_car (Mh.)(CDIAL 4693).

3419.Image: bracelet: cf. ci~dup (pl. ci~dpul) bracelet (of men)(Pa.); cinup (pl. cinpul), sinup (pl. sinpul) bracelet (Ga.); sinnu_m id. (Go.)(DEDR 2531). cf. kindrap- (kindrat-) to make to revolve (Ga.); kindra_- (kindra a_-) to revolve; kindray ki- to make to revolve (Pe.); kindra_- to revolve (Mand..); kindra'a_na_ to put into circular motion (Kur.)(DEDR 1554). su_d.aga, su_d.iga, cu_d.a_lu, cu_d.a_bal.e a bracelet (Ka.); su_d.iga (Te.); cu_r.., cu_r..u to environ, surround, encompass (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) cu_d.e, cu_d.a_bal.e a bracelet with a hinge and lock (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cu_t.akam bracelet (Perun.. Vattava. 12,210)(Ta.lex.) cu_d.a, cu_laa bracelet (Pkt.); cu_r.o (S.); cu_r., cu_r.a_ (L.P.B.); cur.o (Ku.); cu_r.a_ ring on elephant's tusk, bracelet (H.); cu_r.i_ bracelet (Mth.Or.); bangle (H.G.); cu_r.o (G.); cu_ra_ anklet or bracelet (OAw.); cu_r. bangle (G.); cud.a_ id. (M.); cu_r, cu_ri_ bracelet (Bi.); suri_ a kind of ornament (A.); curo, curi bracelet (N.)(CDIAL 4884). cu_t.a_ bracelet, sacred eleocarpus bead enclosed in gold and hung round the neck in a gold band (Ta.); su_d.aga, su_d.iga bracelet (Ka.); cu_d.a, cu_d.aga a kind of gold bracelet (Tu.); su_d.igamu a kind of bracelet (Te.); su_r.a, cu_r.a_ bracelet (Go.)(DEDR App.39). Bracelet: cu_rppu bracelet (Pur-ana_. 153,3)(Ta.lex.) churi_ a bracelet of gold or silver, a bangle made of lac, or ivory, or glass worn by women on forearm; churigar one who makes or sells bangles of lac (P.lex.) tsud.o, tsud.ya_ simple bracelet (Kon.lex.)

3420.Image: protuberance on brick: cu_d.a protuberance on brick (S'Br.); cu_l.a swelling, protuberance, knot (Pali); cur point, tip (Kt.); sula_ knob on a wooden sandal, any knob, protuberance (A.)(CDIAL 4883). Image: to mark with dots: t.u_r.na_ (tud.d.yas) to mark with dots, streaks etc. (Kur.); t.d.e to smear, paint (Malt.)(DEDR 2968). Image: knobs; hollow: d.opt.ho bones projecting at the joints like knobs, a knob or excrescence on a tree etc.; d.opot hollow, flaw as in an earthen pot; the shell can be pressed in because hollow as an India rubber ball (Santali.lex.) Image: dent or depression; bend: ot.ukku dent or depression in a metal utensil (Ta.lex.) cf. tol.l.i a drop (Ma.)(DEDR 3361). Image: knob or ornamental dot: cot.t.ai a knob-like contrivance for hanging anything (Ta.); cot.t.a boss, knob or ornamental dot on knife-handles, etc.; knob into which the blade of a knife and a style are fixed (Ma.)(DEDR 2839). cot.t.ai dent (Ta.lex.) Adorning: co_t.ittal < jo_d.na (H.) to adorn, beautify, decorate, as a town, a street, a dwelling, a person; to prepare carefully, concoct, arrange; co_t.ippu adorning, decorating; co_t.in-ai adorning, decoration, attire for play; beauty due to decoration (Vir-alivit.u. 375); co_t.an-ai id. (Ta.); jo_d.an.e (Ka.Tu.); co_t.in-ai-k-ka_ran- maker of costumes for actors in a play; one who dresses actors for the stage; co_t.al saree; co_t.t.u-p-pal.l.i a kind of saree; co_t.u a kind of legging for warriors (Kan-a-var..i. 9); coat of mail (Ku_l.appa. 43)(Ta.lex.)

3421.Image: spider; weavers: makers of cloth: je_d.a, ja_d.a a weaver belonging to the Lingavanta sect; spider (Ka.); ja_d.e, ja_d.ye weaver, spider (Tu.); je_n.d.ra, de_n.d.ra a caste of weavers (Te.)(DEDR 2809). cf. ja_ju, ja_du colour of red ochre, red colour (Ka.); redness (Te.); dha_tu ore (Skt.)(DEDR 2437). ce_n.ikan- an illustrious Jain king; a class of weavers (Nan-. 289, Mayilai)(Ta.lex.) ce_n.iyan (E.T. vi,361), ce_n.t.iravar weavers (Ta.); je_d.aru (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Cloth: sendra cloth (Ga.Go.); hendra (Pe.); handra, hendra (Mand..); hendra_ (Kuwi); se_ndara_ (Gutob. and similar words in the Munda languages)(DEDR 2771). d.erenga_ weaver (Kui); d.e'ra_ id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 2975). d.hera_ crosspiece of wood for threading yarn on (H.); instrument for twisting yarn (P.)(CDIAL 5474). d.her heap, large quantity (Ku.); much, many (L.); d.e_r heap, store, granary (K.); d.erhi surplus, excess (A.)(CDIAL 5599).

3422.Resin: ce_t.i a glutinous earth put on walls to keep off the rain, esp. red (Ma.); je_d.i a sort of pipeclay (Ka.); je_d.i, se_d.i glutinous clay, chalk, a kind of white earth (Tu.); s'ed.i_, s'ed.u_, s'a_d.u_ pipeclay (M.)(DEDR 2806).jid.d.u oiliness, grease or greasiness, unctuousness (Te.); a substance that is smeary, greasy or oily, as ghee or oil (Ka.); jit.kip- to stick to (Nk.); cin- to stick, adhere (< cin.-/cin.d.-); caus. cinip- (cinit-)(Pa.); sit.pa, (sit.t-), sir.pa (sir.t-) to be sticky, tacky; si_nd.u, si_nd.ru, ji_nd.ru gum, resin (Kui); hind.ru resin (Kuwi)(DEDR 2516). cf. ci_n.t.u stench (Ta.)(DEDR 2523). cf. jir gum (Ko.)(DEDR 2556). cf. sin.d.u fetid smell (Ka.); cin.d.i scent (found by dog in hunting, etc.)(Kod..)(CDIAL 2523). Affecting the smell powerfully: cet.i bad odour, stench; that which is decayed (Ta.); ceyr., cet., cet. ceyr. bad smell (Ko.); sid.y id. (To.); s'et.t.uni to decay, be spoiled; s'et.t.a_vuni to spoil, destroy, ruin; s'et.t.i, s'et.t. spoiled, ruined; tet.t.uni to rot, decay, be damaged, rupted, or failed; tet.t.u, s'et.t.u, het.t.u bad, rotten; sed.i strong, affecting the smell powerfully (Tu.); ced.u to be rotten; ced.d.a, ced.u rotten (Te.); sen.d.- to decay (Kond.a)(DEDR 2760). cetukku rottenness; cetukkikka to be rotten (Ma.); cetu- (-pp-, -tt-) to lose lustre, shrink, be weak; cetukku that which is faded, dried as flowers; cetuval withering (Ta.)(DEDR 2769). Vegetable matter: cettal dry rubbish, dried vegetable matter as grass, leaves, etc., hay, straw (Ta.); cettal dry, over-ripe coconut on the tree, shrivelled palmyra or other fruit, dried chillies, plantain trees, vegetables or grass; cetuku rubbish, chaff, dried leaves (Ta.; cetta, cer-r-a little stick sor leaves for kindling a fire or covering a hut, what is made of it, screen or wicket of wicker work (Ma.); satte, sade, sedage rubbish, dirt, stuff, trash (Ka.); sed sweeping, rubbish (Tu.); sada rubbish (Kor.); cetta id., dirt, trash, refuse; ceda_ramu trash (Te.)(DEDR 2770). For semant. 'ripe' cf. hen- (-t-) to ripen, become ripe, be ripe (Pe.Mand..); ser.nba (ser.t-), ser.pa (ser.t-) id.; senpa (sent-) to be ripe; semboli mature, ripened; senburi old, too ripe (Kui)(DEDR 2765). gadad.u, gadaru the fetid smell of cattle urine; the smell of sheep and goats; the disagreeable smell of burning chillies or tobacco (Ka.); kasat.u dirt, foulness, odour, gust, etc. (Te.); gadal.a foulness of a liquid; dregs, refuse (M.)(Ka.lex.) jad.d.u, jid.d.u the disagreeable smell of sheep's milk (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cf. kacat.u dregs (Ta.)(DEDR 1088). cf. kasat.a nasty (Pali)(CDIAL 2615). jibaru gummy excretion of the eye (Ka.); jipad.apa, jid.a_, jivad.e_m. (M.); jibbu stickiness, sliminess; the sap or milk that issues from the stalk of the mango after it is cut from the tree (Ka.); ji_d.i (Ka.); jibal.ad.ike, jibbad.ike a young good areca nut cut into two pieces and boiled, whereby it becomes soft and nice (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3423.A region: ce_ti < ce_di_ the region round Bilaspur and Jubbulpur, one of 56 te_cam (Pa_rata. Tiraupati. 42); nat.una_t.u in Tamil country, having Tirukko_valu_r as its capital (Periyapu. Meypporu. 1); ce_ti-na_t.u id. (Ta.); ce_ti the dynasty that rules Che_di (Pa_rata. Kurukula. 104); ce_tipan- the kind of Che_di (Pa_rata. Ira_cacu_ya. 152); the king of Ce_ti-na_t.u (Pura_n.a-ca_ram, 8, Periyapu. Patip.)(Ta.lex.)

3424.Image: to kill; destroy: cer-r-al killing; destruction; cer-uppu killing (W.)(Ta.); cer-r-alar enemies (Tan-ippa_. i,27,49); cer-r-a_r enemies (Kur-al., 446)(Ta.); cer-r-avar id. (Te_va_. 476,3); cer-r-o_r id. (Patir-r-up. 82,12); cer-al killing, destroying (Tol. Col. 72, Ce_n-a_.); cer-u-tal to kill, destroy (Te_va_. 476,3); cer-u-ttal to kill (Kalit. 104)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) kerpini to kill, murder, slay (Tu.); kerpina_ye murderer (Tu.); qerme to destroy, massacre; qermre to die in numbers (Malt.); cer-u (cer-uv-, cer-r--; -pp-, -tt-), cer-i (-pp-, -tt-), cer-r-u (cer-r-i-) to kill, destroy; cer-uppu, cer-al, cer-r-al killing; ceru (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, ruin (Ta.)(DEDR 1981). ket.u (ket.uv-, ket.t.-) to perish, be destroyed; (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, squander; ket.t.a ruined (Ta.); ke_t.u death, adversity, ruin (Ta.); ket.u ruin (Ma.); ke_t.u destruction, damage, loss, hurt (Ma.); ker.- (ket.-) to die, be ruined, be lost; ker.c- to ruin, destroy, lose; ke.r. (obl. ke.t.-) ruin, harm, danger, loss, funeral, corpse (Ko.); kd.c- to destroy (To.); ked.u, kid.u (ket.t.-) to be destroyed, be ruined, be spoiled, become bad, cease (as sorrow, etc.); ked.isu, kid.isu to destroy, ruin, spoil, extinguish; ket.t.a ruined; ket.t.e ruin, evil, misfortune; ked.aka, ked.ika, ked.uka, kid.uka man who destroys, one who is ruined, a bad, wicked, mean man; fem. ked.aki, ked.ike, ked.uki; ked.akatana, ked.akutana, ked.ukutana a corrupt, bad, lewd nature or conduct; ked.aku, ked.uku corruption, ruin, evil; ked.uvike being destroyed, etc.; ked.uha ruin, disappearance; kid.a man who is ruined, etc.; kid.i, kid.uka one who ruins or destroys; ke_d.u ruin, destruction, evil, loss; ke_d.i, ke_d.iga, ke_d.uga one who ruins or is ruined; ke_d.itana, ke_d.igatana state of being a destroyer or being destroyed; ki_d.iki a vile, unchaste woman; ki_t.akatana, ki_t.ale mischief-making (Ka.); kd.- (kt.t.-) to be spoiled, ruined, extinguished; kd.it- (kd.iti-) to spoil, ruin, extinguish; spoil; ked.uku, ked.a, ked.aku damage, loss; ked.ake oppressor; ket.t.a bad, vile; ke_d.u mischief, evil, danger, disaster, loss, perdition; ke_d.age, ke_d.in:ge mischief-maker (Tu.); ced.u to be spoiled, destroyed, become bad, useless, be a loser or sustain a loss; ced.d.a, ced.u bad, wicked, wrong, spoiled, damaged; cet.t.a evil, harm; wicked; ced.ipa an unchaste woman; ced.ugu evil, harm, calamity; ced.d.atanamu badness, vice, enmity, odium; ce_t.u ruin, misfortune, destruction; ked.ayu to die; ked.ayika death; ked.apu to kill; ki_d.u evil, harm, danger; git.t.u to die, perish; cer-ucu, cer-acu, cer-upu, cer-apu to spoil, destroy, ruin, ravish, rape (Te.); kit.- (kit.t-) to be extinguished; kit.ip- (kit.ipt-) to extinguish (Kol.); kit.- to be extinguished; kit.ip- to extinguish; kir.- (kit.t.-) fire to go out; kit.up-/kit.p- to put out fire (Nk.); cit.- (fire) goes out; cit.ip- to put out (fire)(Pa.); sit.- (fire) goes out; sit.p- (sit.t-) to make (fire) go out; cit.t.- to be put out as fire (Go.); he_d.inai to mar; hersinai to destroy, pollute (Kuwi); ket.t.o-kama- to put out (fire)(kama- to do, make)(Nahali)(DEDR 1942). Conquer: je_tr. victorious, triumphant; a victor (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) jiddu perverse opposition, refractoriness; affront; contention; an obstinate resolution (Ka.); jidda spite, hatred (M.H.)(Ka.lex.) cin-avun-ar enemies, adversaries (Perun.. Makata. 14,174); cin-avu-tal to fight, wage a war; cin-am battle, war (Tiva_.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) jayati conquers (RV.); je_ti (Pali); jayai (Pkt.); jayam.ta, jeyam.ta victorious (NiDoc.); 2 sg. imper. jaya (NiDoc.); je particle of respect (G.M.)(CDIAL 5143). jita won, conquered (RV.Pali); jia (Pkt.); ji_n.em to win (OM.); jitta (Pkt.); zyut^u unexpected gain [cf. dyu_ta gambling (Skt.)](Ka.); jitta_ unexpected gain (pp. of jin.an.)(L.); jittn.a_ to conquer (P.); zi_tn.u_, jittan., jittn.a_, jitn.a_ (WPah.); ji_tn.o (Ku.); jitnu (N.); zi_tiba (A.); jita_ (B.); jitiba_ (Or.); ji_tab (Mth.); ji_tai (OAw.); ji_tna_ (H.); ji_tan.u (S.); ji_tvu~ (G.); ji_tn.e~ (M.); ji_pai wins (OG.); zikiba to conquer (A.); ji~kn.e~ (M.); jikta_ (Konkan.i); dina victory (Si.); jin.n.a conquered (Ap.)(CDIAL 5224). jiti gaining, victory (RV.); ziy victory, earnings, profit (K.)(CDIAL 5225). jina_ti overpowers (RV.); conquers (Pali); jin.ai, pp. jin.iya (Pkt.); ze_nun, pp. zyu_n^u to conquer, earn (K.); jin.an., pp. jitta_ (L.); jin.nu_ (WPah.); ziniba (A.); jina_ (B.); jin.iba_ (Or.); jin.iu conquered (OG.); jin.an.em. (OM.); dinanava_, dananu victory (Si.)(CDIAL 5226). Ruin: kher.o loss, waste (Ku.); khero destruction (N.); kher.o end (G.)(CDIAL 3661). ghat.t.ai is ruined (Pkt.); ga_t. to want, wish (Dm.); gha_t. (Kal.); gat.un to become less; got.^u insufficient (K.); ghat.an.u to become less (S.); ghat.ero a little less (S.); ghat.t. few (L.); ghat.t.an. to decrease (L.); ghat.t. diminished; ghat.n.a_ to decrease; ghat.t.^an.a_ to belittle (P.); ghat.n.o to decrease (Ku.); ghat.nu (N.); gha_t.iba to be less, be defeated (A.); gha_t.a_ to be wanting; gha_t.i shortcoming, fault (B.); ghat.al to decrease (Bhoj.); ghat.na_ (H.); ghat.ai decreases; ghat.a_vai belittles (OMarw.); ghat.vu~ to decrease (G.); ghat.n.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 4415). cf. cat.ai to be stunted in growth (as trees, plants) (Ta.) (DEDR 2301). cat.t.u destruction, injury, waste; cat.t.i (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, ruin, kill (Ta.); cat.t.u destruction (Ka.); end, dissolution, death, ruin, extinction (Tu.)(DEDR 2307). s'ata falling out, decaying (of hair, nails etc.)(Sus'r.); sa_d.a rotting (Pkt.); sa_r., sa_r.a_ burning, a burn, heat, anguish, envy; sa_r. burnt thing (L.)(CDIAL 12382). sa_d.e_i makes rot, destroys (Pkt.); sa_r.an.u to make rot (S.); sa_r.an. to burn, cremate, scold; sa_r.un. to burn (L.); sa_r.na_ to rot, burn (P.); hel.anava_ to let fall, throw, throw away (Si.)(CDIAL 12383). cf. s'at. fall off, disintegrate, be destroyed, be depressed, be ill; parn.a-s'ada falling of leaves (AV.); pan.n.a-sat.a heap of fallen leaves (Pali); sar.o putrefaction (G.)(CDIAL 12267). s'at.ati disintegrates, is ill (Dha_tup.); sad.ai falls to pieces, rots, is ill; sad.an.a (Pkt.); sar.an.u to rot (S.); sar.an. to be burnt (L.); sar.un., sar.r.an. to burn, inflame, destroy (L.); sar.na_ to rot, be burnt (P.); s'ar.nu_ to rot; s'ar.a_no~_ to corrupt (WPah.); sar.n.o to rot (B.); sar.iba_ (Or.); saral rotten (Mth.); sar.na_ to rot, ferment (H.); sar.vu~ to rot (G.); sad.n.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 12268). ks.aya loss, waste (Mn.); khaya waste (Pali); khae nom. sg. (KharI.); khaya waste, phthisis (Pkt.); cai danger, risk (Kho.); chei compensation (Sh.); khau destruction, loss, danger (P.); kho destruction (G.); chayak ill; chek illness, pain (Kho.)(CDIAL 3661). To destroy: cati (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, kill; cata_vu (cata_vi-) to be shattered or broken, be rotten, decayed; catai (-v-, -nt-) to be bruised, crushed; (-pp-, -tt-) to crush, bruise, mash; tatai (-v-, -nt-) to be shattered, made fruitless; tatar (-v-, -nt-) to be crushed (Ta.); cata a bruise; catayuka to be bruised, squashed; catekka to squash, crush, pound, bray; catun.n.uka to be crushed, compressed, beaten into another shape; catukkuka to bruise, macerate; catukku a bruise (Ma.); cady a murder; pair word with cudy news (cudy cady); cac- to hammer with heavy blows, pat, stroke, kill (animal); cac a blow (Ko.); to0x- (to0xy-) to be squeezed or smashed flat, (person) gets into difficulties; to0k- to squeeze or smash flat; toc- to beat (To.); sadaku to beat; sade, sadi to pound to some extent, bruise, squash, crush; caccu, ceccu, jajju to strike, bruise, crush; tadaku, taduku, tade to strike, beat (Ka.); cade severe fighting, destruction of life; sadi striking, beating; sadevuni to get hardened, wear away as an earthen vessel; jajjuni to bruise, squash, pound (Tu.); cadiyu to be crushed or broken; cadupu to crush, kill; cadumu to strike; cadunu even, level (Te.); catip- (catit-), cacip- (cacit-) to trample, kick (Pa.)(DEDR 2322). cer-u-tor..il evil deed, reprehensible (Pu. Ve. 8,10, Kol.u.)(Ta.lex.) To slaughter: tat.i (-v-, -nt-) to hew down, cut off, kill; tat.ivu cutting, killing (Ta.); tat.iyuka to tear, cut off (Ma.); tar.ing to cut, cut off, cut down, slaughter (Br.)(DEDR 3029). Quarrel; rage: ceru battle, fight, love-quarrel; cirar-u (cirar-i-) to sulk, disagree; cirar-r-u (cirar-r-i-), cirattu (ciratti-) to be angry with (Ta.); ceru battle (Ma.)(DEDR 1961).

3425.Enraged: keral. to become angry, begin to rage; keral.cu to make a noise by slapping or clapping the arms (as done by combatants); enrage; kel.ar to become angry (Ka.); cira_ku anger, displeasure, crossness; ciramara sullenness, moroseness; a disagreement; keralu to be angry, enraged (Te.)(DEDR 1961). Rancour: cir-ukku (cir-ukki-) to be angry with; cer-u (-v-, -nt-) to hate, dislike, detest, be angry with; cer-r-am love-quarrel; cirar-r-u (cirar-r-i-) to be angry with (Ta.); cirv- (cirt-) id. (Ko.); kir-k violent anger, madness; kir- tot.-. kir-k 0ot.- to become mad with anger (lit. anger strikes him); ker-n gwil.- to murmur in protest (Ko.); ki_r-u to rage, burn with rage or great desire; keral. to become angry, begin to rage; keral.cu to enrage (Ka.); cir-r-a, cir-r-u anger, displeasure; cir-acir-a sullenness, ill-humour; cer-acer-al-a_d.u to be angry or furious; keralu to be angry or enraged (Te.); kireni sullen, surly, out of temper (Kui); kire_ng abuse; kire_ng tining to abuse (Br.); kirk grudge, rancour (Br.)(DEDR 1597). Frown: cit.ucit.uppu knitting the brow in anger, frowning; cit.ucit.u-ttal to knit the brow in anger, scowl, frown (Ira_mana_. Uyut. 16)(Ta.); cit.umu_ci frowning face; one having a frowning face (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Scorn: ki_t.u disregard, scorn (Ka.Tu.)(DEDR 1609). (Tadbhava of ki_t.a) an expression of contempt (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) cf. ki_t.a insect, worm (S'Br.)(CDIAL 3193). Anger; passion: sit.t.u anger, passion, wrath, rage (Ka.); si_sa, cindu (Te.); sit.t.u baru anger etc. to arise; sit.t.u-ga_r-a a passionate man (Ka.); se_d.u anger (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cir.an.u to be huffy (S.); cir.na_ to be provoked (P.); cirko disturbance; curini to be enraged; cir.nu to be annoyed (N.); cir. vexation; cir.a_na to provoke (B.); cir.iba_ to be angry (Or.); cir.na_ to be provoked (H.); cir.a_vu~ (G.); cid.n.e~ (M.); cir.he_llu peevish (WPah.); cir.hna_ to be provoked (H.); cer.an.u, cer.a_in.u to taunt, irritate (S.); cher.an. to provoke (L.); cher.na_ (P.); to touch, irritate (H.); cher.nu to taunt (N.); cher.vu~ to irritate (G.)(CDIAL 4794). set.ikka to be angry, frown, disrelish, be tired (Ma.); cet.ippu loathing (Ma.); ced.i, cod.i anger (Kod..)(DEDR 2757). sen.asu anger, wrath; to be envious or jealous, to be filled with envious feelings; to envy; sen.asa_t.a unwillingness to be excelled (Ka.); cin-am, cir-ukku to be angry; cin-am anger, wrath (Ta.); sen.e to be or become angry (Ka.); san.e to cause to assume an expression of displeasure or anger (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cin-an- tavirnto_n- Buddha as one devoid of anger (Cu_t.a_.)(Ta.); cin-attal to be enraged, to be very angry (Ta.); kinisu (Ka.); cinikka (M.); cin-am anger, fury (Paripa_. 5,73); kinuka (Te.); kinisu (Ka.); cinam (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) Anger: jhin:kan.u to fly out against, threaten (S.); jhim.khan.a raging against (Pkt.); jhanko outburst of anger (N.); jhanakna_ to tinkle, be angry (H.); jhan:ka_ smart, gust of passion (M.)(CDIAL 5331). jhanka_rna_ to tinkle, chirp (H.); jhan:ka_r, jhan:ka_ra_ twang, smart, gust of passion (M.); jhin:ka_ra rebuff (S.)(CDIAL 5332). cf. si_tar- anger, wrath (Ka.); ci~_dar-a disgust, dislike, abhorrence, trouble, vexation, annoyance (Te.)(DEDR 2615). cin-a (-pp-, -nt-) to be enraged, be very angry, become red with inflammation (as tumour); cin-appu anger, fury, inflamed condition; cin-am anger, fury, war; cin-avu (cin-avi-) to be angry, indignant, fight; cin-aval battle; ci-avar, cin-avunar enemies (Ta.); cinam wrath; cinikka to be touchy; cinippu anger; cinippikka to irritate; cinan.n.uka to be touchy (Ma.); sinm anger, grudge (To.); kinisu to be or become angry; n. anger, wrath (Ka.); kiniyu to be angry, displeased or irritated; kinuka, kinka anger, displeasure, wrath, rage; kinupu anger (Te.)(DEDR 1600). Whining: jenephene, genephene whining of a child (Santali.lex.) cin.un:ku (cin.un:ki-) to whine, whimper; cin.ukkam whining, whimpering; cin.ukkan- worthless person, as always whining; cin.ukku-ccin.ukk-en-al onom. expr. of worrying with frequent crying (Ta.); cinan.n.uka to be touchy, to repine, whine, whimper; cinakkuka to mutter, neigh (Ma.); jinugu to mutter, murmur, hum (Ka.)(DEDR 2521). Envy; deliberation: ke_n.a, ki_n.a envy, grudge; greediness after; anger, passion; deliberation, consideration, restraint (Ka.); ke_n.agol. to become envious etc. ke_n.ambad.e, ke_n.asara envy, stubbornness (Ka.); ke_n.aka_r-a a grudger (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Crooked; deceit: kuhana envious, hypocritical; kuhana_ envy; kuhanika_ jugglery (Skt.); kuhana_ deceit (Pali); koh^ana crooked, awry, crooked-natured (K.); kohon cheat, cheating (Si.); kuh deceive (Skt.)(CDIAL 3387). kuha cheat, in: akuha no cheat (R.); kuhaka cheat, juggler (MBh.); kuha, kuhaka deceitful (Pali); kuhaya conjuring; kuhad.a crooked, humpbacked (Pkt.); kohr.o, koyr. puzzle, riddle (G.); kuhd.e~, kohd.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 3385). Shake; tremble; grating of teeth; anger: kit. fear (Skt.); kit.akit.a_yate_ grates the teeth (Sus'r.); kid.ikid.ia_ grating of teeth, sound of dry bones (Pkt.); kiri_r.n.a_, kirar.n.a_ to grind the teeth; kir.kir.a_un.a_, kir.kar.a_un.a_ to speak angrily (P.); kirik-kirik, kirin.-kirin. grating noise (as of teeth)(N.); kir.kir., kirkir, kir.mir. (B.); kir.ikir.i (Or.)(CDIAL 3154). ke_t.ati is afraid (Dha_tup.); kit.a_iba to be alarmed, take up arms for defence (A.)(CDIAL 3158). kit.ukit.u quaking, trembling (Ta.); kit.ukit.en-al expr. signifying (a) tremor (Kur-r-a_. Kur-a. 80); (b) rapidity, quickness (Ta.); kit.ukit.a_ytal to tremble with fear; kit.ukit.uttal to tremble, shake; to chatter, as the teeth with cold; to shiver, quake (Ta.); kit.ukit.u id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) Anger; envy; rancour: cer-u anger (Tirikat.u. 14); cer-al anger, open hatred (Pur-ana_. 15,8); cer-umpu rancour, hatred (Ci_vaka. 947)(Ta.); kar-umbu id. (Ka.); cer-u-tal to hate, dislike, detest (Kur-al.. 1245); to be angry with (Na_lat.i, 134)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) cer-r-am rancour, hatred (Tirumuru. 132); aversion (Tirunu_r-. 20); irrepressible anger (Pin..); cer-u-ttal to be angry at (Paripa_. 12,66); to detest (Tiva_.) (Ta.) (Ta.lex.) keral., keral.u to become angry, to begin, to rage (Ka.); kempu (Ta.); keralu (Te.); cerecere hotly, fiercely (Te.); cer-ukku to be angry (Ta.); keral.icu, keral.cu to enrage (Ka.); keral.cu to make a noise by slapping or clapping of arms, as done by combatants; to enrage (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) kar-u (-pp-, -tt-) to resent, get angry with; n. rancour, vengeful enmity; kar-ukar-u (-pp-, -tt-) to rage; kar-utto_r enemies; kar-uppu anger, displeasure; kar-umu (kar-umi-) to show signs of anger, be enraged; kar-uvam anger; kar-uval sign of anger; kar-uvu (kar-uvi-) to exhibit signs of displeasure; to rankle, entertain malice, implacable hatred; n. anger, wrath; enmity, hostility, hatred (Ta.); kar-ukka to rage; kar-ukar-ukka id., be beside oneself; kar-ukar-e_ fiercely, intensely; kar-avu rage (Ma.); kar- enmity, anger (To.); kar-upu, kar-uhu envy; kar-ubu, kar-umbu to envy; n. envy; kar-uba an envious man; fem. kar-ubi; kar-ubatana the state of being an envious person, envy (Ka.); kar.vita_na_, kar.wita_na_ to envy (Go.); ka_r.bi anger; kar.bigattasi a bad-tempered man (r. = r)(Kuwi); xar angry (Br.)(DEDR 1396). jharko anger; jharkanu to be irritable (N.)(CDIAL 5327). ris. injure (Skt.); injury (RV.); reh burning heat (K.); ris anger (Ku.N.); jealousy (B.); risa anger, envy (Or.); ris anger (H.); ri_s. (G.M.)(CDIAL 10746). i_rs.ya envy (AV.); issa_ jealousy, anger (Pali.); isa_ envy (As'.Pkt.); isa (Si.); hirs greed (L.P.)(CDIAL 1615). i_r-al grief (as of a broken heart), deep-seated sorrow (Ta.); i_r-a, i_r-u anger, fury (Ma.); i_r-uka, i_r-ekka to be angry; i_r-ikka to rage, be in a huff; i_r-ippikka to provoke; i_r-r-am displeasure (Ma.)(DEDR 553). ci_r-u (ci_r-i-) to hiss as a serpent, snort as a horse, sniff, be infuriated, swell with rage, roar and blaze forth as a flame, get angry with; n. anger; ci_r-r-am anger, fury; ci_r-u-ci_r--en-al onom. expr. signifying violent anger; ci_ntu (ci_nti-) to be angry with, hiss (as a serpent)(Ta.); ci_r-uka to hiss, puff as a snake, foam, rage; ci_r-ikka to make to hiss, enrage; ci_r-r-am rage; ci_r-r-u a hiss, puffing; ci_r-r-uka to hiss, rage (Ma.); si_r-u to grow enraged, become angry, be very contentious or quarrelsome; n. raging, fierceness; si_varisu, si_var-isu to hiss, puff, pass the proper temper, show disgust or disdain; se_r-u to rail at, treat with derision; sit.t.u anger, rage (Ka.); ci.r- (ci.ri-) to grumble, answer back grumblingly (Kod..); si_runi to hiss; s'it.t.u anger, displeasure (Tu.); ci_ru to hiss like a serpent (Te.); hic- (hicc-) to threaten (Pe.)(DEDR 2639). ris.yati, aor. aris.at, re_s.ayati hurts (RV.); ulus.ik to be torn, be torn in pieces (Kho.); ales.ik to tear, cut open (Kho.)(CDIAL 2062). isa_l. emulation; isa_l.a_, visa_l., visa_l.a_ id. (M.); i_rs.ya_lu envious (Skt.); i_sa_lu (Pkt.); isa_l.u (Or.); isa_l.u_ emulous (M.)(CDIAL 1616). Conceit: kir-ukku craziness, lunacy, passion, conceit, arrogance (Ta.); kir-ukkan- conceited, arrogant fellow; crazy fellow, lunatic; kirucal obstinacy (Ta.); kir-ukka to be insolent; kir-utu, kir-uvu insolence; kir-ukkan lunatic; ker-uvu pride; ker-ukka to be proud, opposed, defy (Ma.); kird act of disobedience, doing opposite of what one is told to do (Ko.); kir-k violent anger (To.); keccu pride (Ka.)(DEDR 1596). krw- (Sogd.); karvati, kharvati, garvati is haughty (Dha_tup.)(CDIAL 3833). garva pride, arrogance (R.); gabba (Pali); gavva (Pkt.); ga_va (Ap.); ga_b boast (B.); ga_ba_na to vaunt (B.)(CDIAL 4064). garvara haughty (Skt.); gavvira (Pkt.); gabbar proud, rich (P.); gabbar (H.)(CDIAL 4065). karuvam haughtiness, arrogance, pride (Ta.lex.) kauravam < gaurava dignity, eminence, honour; pride (Cilappira. Potu. 30)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

3426.Tax: so_dige payment: tax (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

3427.Remission of debt: so_d.i, jo_d.i remission of a debt etc.; the sum remitted, abatement (Ka.); sot.a (M.); so_d.i release from bondage, freedom granted (Ka.); sot.a (M.)(Ka.lex.)

3428.Short span: jut.t.i, jutte = pra_de_s'a (Te.); occut.u a span measured by the distance between the extended thumb and forefinger; pra_de_s'a (Ka.); cut.u, co_t.u the small span of the thumb and forefinger (Ka.); cot.t.acca_n. (Ma.); co_t.agala a span's breadth; co_t.udda a span's length or height (Ka.lex.) cf. sut.t.u to point at with the finger (Ka.); cun.t.an viral forefinger (Ma.)(DEDR 2658).

3429.Property given at marriage: yautaka property given at marriage, a woman's dowry, a nuptial gift, presents made to a bride at her marriage by her father and friends, also to the bridegroom (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) joila ja_nu to take a wife and maitain oneself at her expense (N.)(CDIAL 10505). yuvati young woman (RV.); juvai, juai (Pkt.); juvel, juvli, zuvli, zuli woman, girl; ju_ar, ju_ri woman (Gypsy); joi woman, female (e.g. joi s'uno bitch)(D..); jo_i_, zu_i_ woman (Wot..); joi wife; joyo effeminate (S.); jo, joi_, joe (L.); jo_, jolli_ (WPah.); joi_, jwe woman, wfe (Ku.); joi wife (N.); jo_i (Bhoj.); joi_ (H.)(CDIAL 10504). joru_ wife (P.WPah.); jaru (B.); joru (Or.); joru_ (H.)(CDIAL 10506). yuvan young; gen. sg. yu_nah- (RV.); junak child; adj. young, little (Gypsy)(CDIAL 10508). yuva_naka young (Skt.); yuva_nam acc. of yuvan (RV.); yuva_na youg (Pali); juva_n.a, jua_n.a young man; juva_n.i_ f. (Pkt.); jua_n.u, jua_n.i_ a yough (S.); jua_nu (S.) < java_n (Pers.); java_n., jua_n.i, jua_n.i_ (P.); juwa_n, jwa_n (N.); zowa_n (A.); juya_n young, strong (B.); jua_n.a young, a youth (Or. < jua_n (Pers.); jua_ni_ youth, manhood (Mth. < jama_n young man (Pers.); juwa_n a youth (H.); yuvan young, best; yona young owman (Si.)(CDIAL 10510). cf. celuva a beautiful woman, a woman (Te.)(DEDR 2786). Bestowing wealth: s'ri_da bestowing wealth: Kube_ra; s'ri_da_na giving a female in marriage (Ka.); stri_-dhana a woman's peculiar property, property belonging to a woman over which has independent control (Ka.Skt.) (Ka.lex.)

3430.Consecrated money: yekke_ri gan.t.u consecrated money (Tu.lex.) ? yekta_r communion, power (Kon.lex.) yekkandelu, yakkandelu being beyond reach; that which cannot be reached; want, insufficiency [< ekku to reach] (Tu.lex.) ye_vura greed, excessive desire (Tu.lex.)

3431.Image: fish: yekku balya_ru a kind of fish (Tu.lex.)

3432.Companion: sa_ni a second: a companion: a fellow, an associate, a colleague (in an office)(Ka.Te.H.); e.g. doresa_ni; sa_niguma_sta a fellow guma_sta (Ka.lex.)

3433.Image: overflow: Ösyand move quickly (Skt.); syandana flowing (Nir.); water (Skt.); sam.dan.a flow, water (Pkt.); sadan-a water (Si.)(CDIAL 13870). sam.syandayati causes to run together (A_pS'r.); sam.sande_ti joins, affixes (Pali); sasanda to put together (Si.)(CDIAL 13061). syandate_ moves quickly, flows (RV.); trickles, drips, oozes (MBh.); sandati flows (Pali); sam.dai (Pkt.); sadna_ to leak (as a ship), sink (H.)(CDIAL 13869). vis.yandate_ flows out (VS.); vis.yandayati pours out (S'Br.); vissandati overflows (Pali); vissam.dai flows out (Pkt.)(CDIAL 11993). sadil. loose, e.g. hairs, shoes; sadil.a_i, sadil.ye looseness, e.g. of clothes; sadil. za_un umkal. to flow (Kon.lex.)

3435.Exudation: cina, cuna juice as of mango stalk after the fruit is broken off (Ma.); sona juice that exudes from plants (Te.); cunekka to ooze out, be acrid (Ma.); tun., tune, sune gummy juice exuding from the stalk etc. of certain fruits (Tu.)(DEDR 2717). cf. ken mo, moe xen, ee xen thick buttermilk, thick mass of buttermilk (To.); kene cream of milk (Ka.)(DEDR 1987). cf. ken densely (of shade)(To.); kan-a to be heavy; kan-am thickness (Ta.)(DEDR 1404). cyo_tati flows, tickles, oozes, causes to stream forth (Skt.); covan. to milk (L.); con.a_ to leak, milk, extract milk from a plant (P.); cuai drips (Pkt.); culav (Gypsy); cuan.u to leak, ooze (S.); cu_n.o to leak (Ku.); cuhunu (N.); cuya_, cu~ya_ (B.); cuiba_, cui~ba_ to drip, ooze, leak (Or.); cual (Bhoj.); cuval (OAw.); cu_na_ to drip, leak, drop (as ripe fruit)(H.); cuvu~ to drop, leak (G.)(CDIAL 4948). cona_ urine (esp. of cattle)(B.); cona_ exit for juice in sugar mill (Bi.)(CDIAL 4949). cf. sen land irrigated by percolation from underneath (L.)(CDIAL 13582). cf. jir gum, any adhesive (Ko.); jerre_ gum, resin (Kur.)(DEDR 2556). cure birdlime, gum (Malt.); curra_ vegetal sugar, sweet juice which drops from mango flowers or from the new leaves of sa_l tree (Kur.)(DEDR 2711). cf. ceruku sugarcane (Ka.)(DEDR 2795). cf. cut.t.i-c-cun.n.am perfume (Ta.lex.) cf. cu_rn.am powder (Skt.lex.) To exude: sandati, (sedo) muccati v.i., sandita pp.; muttaseda exude (Pali.lex.) seda sweat; sedan. moceti; sedo muccati to sweat; mocitaseda, muttaseda pp.; sedatinta sweaty; sedakilinnatta sweatiness (Pali.lex.) cf. sa_dik smearing (Tu.); ca~_du to rub into a paste; ca_tu-pad.i sandal paste (Te.); candana sandal (tree, wood, paste)(Skt.); candanamu (Te.); todon.m (To.); sa_tana a kind of sandal (Skt.)(DEDR 2448). Image: menstrual discharge: ca_n.t.u menstrual discharge (Ta.); semen (Ma.); sa~_d.u id. (Te.); sa_n.d.(u) the fluid ejection from the female or the male genital organ (Kond.a)(DEDR 2447). Fragrance: cente_n- a kind of frankincense, one of six tu_pa varkkam (Ci_vaka. 534, Urai.); te_n- fragrance, odour (Cu_l.a_. Kumara. 17); sweet juice (Kampara_. Na_t.. 9)(Ta.lex.) je_n, je_, je_nu, te_nu honey; je_n-ney honey-ghee, i.e. honey; te_n (Ta.Ma.); junnu, te_ne (Te.); te_n, te_m honey; sweetness; smell; palm juice (Ta.); te_r-al palm-tree juice, nectar (Ma.); te_r-al palm wine; sweetness = tittippu (Ta.); ta_vi fragrance (Te.); jennon.a a bee (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: to fall in drops: cin.ukku to yield in small quantities, issue in drops, ooze, drizzle (Ta.); cin.ukku-cin.ukk-en-al onom. expr. of issuing in drops; cin.un:ku to drizzle (Ta.); jinugu, jinun:gu to rain slightly, drizzle (Ka.); cinan.n.uka id. (Ma.); jinigisu to liquefy (Ka.); cinuku a drop, a thin or drizzling rain; vb. to fall in drops (Te.); cinkip to drip (Pa.); sinkul raindrops (Ga.)(DEDR 2520). s'i_yate_ falls (AV.); s'ijoiki, 3 sg. s'i_jei to fall, (flowers, leaves, etc.), to be shed (Sh.); s'ioiki to let fall (Sh.); s'i~_n.u, pp. s'i_o to fall (of snow)((WPah.); senava_, henava_ to fall; sena falling (Si.); si_na fallen off, destroyed (Pali); sinu corpse (N.); s'i_n. exhaustion (M.); hun.u fallen (Si.)(CDIAL 12494). Rotten: s'i_rn.a broken (S'Br.); fallen out (MBh.); withered, rotten (Mn.); sin.n.a decayed (Pkt.); si_na fallen off, destroyed (Pali)(CDIAL 12496). canxna_ to turn stale (of cooked things, meat or vegetables), turn mouldy (as bread)(Kur.); cange to be or become rotten (of cooked food); cangro rotten (Malt.)(DEDR 2424).

3436.Irrigation by percolation: sen land irrigated by percolation from underneath (L.)(CDIAL 13582). seba_ moisture by percolation, cultivation in ground so watered (L.); sebba_, seba_ irrigation by percolation (P.)(CDIAL 13584). Land irrigated by water-lift: seo land irrigated directly by water-lift; si_u_ inundation from canal or river; se_ wet (L.)(CDIAL 13580). Baling out; sprinkling: se_cana effusion, sprinkling (Sus'r.); bucket (Skt.); se_canaka shower-bath (S_rn:gS.); se_canaka adj. sprinkling (Pali); se_an.a sprinkling (Pkt.); se_an.aya one who waters (Pkt.); siuni bucket for throwing water (B.); sen.a_ bamboo basket for raising water (Or.); sevana water bucket (Si.)(CDIAL 13582). Jug, jar: syo_ jug, jar (Kt.); s'u_ bucket (Pr.); se_ka pouring out (RV.); sprinkling (MBh.Pali); se_a id. (Pkt.)(CDIAL 13580). Baling vessel: se_cayati causes to pour out, sprinkles (MBh.); se_ce_ti causes to be sprinkled (Pali); se_ai sprinkles (Pkt.); se_am.ta pres. part. (Pkt.); xeo~t, xeo~ta_ scoop, baling vessel (A.); se~uti baling basket (B.); sevan. to moisten; seun. (L.); seun.a_ (P.)(CDIAL 13583). Falling down: cyuti falling down (Gaut.); cuti vanishing, passing away (Pali); cui death (Pkt.); siyu decease (Si.)(CDIAL 4945). cya_vana in cmpds. 'causing to fall (MBh.); expulsion (Skt.); cyu move (Skt.); ca_vana_ moving away (Pali); cauna_ the place where men emptying buckets at an irrigation well stand (H.)(CDIAL 4940). Cultivation: cf. se_dya cultivation, farming (Ka.); se_dyamu id. (Te.)(DEDR 2811). se_vita cultivated (Skt.); se_vayati tends (plants)(Skt.); se_vita served (MBh.Pali); fostered (Skt.); se_via served (Pkt.); sivⁱ tame, domesticated (K.)(CDIAL 13597). cf. se_de fatigue, weariness, distress (Ka.); se_da, s'a_da fatigue, weariness (Te.); seda- sweat (Pali)(DEDR 2810). Plot of ground: ce_ttu field, plot of ground (Ta.); cf. khetta (Pkt.); ks.e_tra (Skt.); ce_takam < s'a_da mud, slush (Kampara_. Varaik-ka_t.ci. 56); ce_r-u mud, mire, sluch, loam (Pur-ana_. 249); id. (Ma.); kesar-u id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Ground, earth: xe_x^el ground, earth we tread on, soil, floor (Kur.); qqlu the earth, the world, land (Malt.)(DEDR 1993). kai-val.am fertility, luxuriance, richness of soil; kai-val.arttal to be carefully tended (Kampara_. Ko_lan.. 18); kai-va_y-k-ka_l small channel branching out from the main one (Tol. Po. 1, Il.ampu_ra.) (Ta.lex.) kaiva_ram equal division of crop; kai-vitai cultivation without the process of transplantation; kaivitaippu sowing in dry earth (Ta.lex.) [cf. nan-ai to become wet (Ta.); nan--cey wet lands, wet cultivation (Ta.); nanja wet land, land cultivated by artificial irrigation (Te.); nenja watering (Kui); nan-ye cold season (?Malt.)(DEDR 3630)]. Wet, moist: se~ta_, se~t-se~tiya_, se~ta_niya_ damp, moist (B.); se~ta_na moistened; sa~_ta_na to be wet (B.); santia_ wet; santa_iba_, santeiba_ to be wet (Or.)(CDIAL 12891). sindo wet (Phal.); stimita wet (Nais..)(CDIAL 13693). sti_myati is wet (Dha_tup.); thim drop (L.); them, the~b (M.)(CDIAL 13696). cf. te_ma wet (Te.lex.) Irrigation: cu_a_ irrigation (L.)(CDIAL 4946). cyo_ta oozing, sprinkling (Skt.); coi_ weir (for catching fish)(S.); co_ha_ spring; cohr.a_ giving little water (L.); co_a_ spring water (L.); co rivulet; coa_ trickle down a rock, water oozing from a hole (P.); coi_ small stream, defile; co spring (P.); coya_ a sprinkling or spilling (of water, etc.)(B.)(CDIAL 4947). coi_ produce of dairy (S.)(CDIAL 4950). d.on.e a small natural pond in rocks; a hollow, a hole; d.on.egan.n.u a sunken eye; d.on.e po_gu to get holes (Ka.lex.) cf. dro_n.i the valley or chasm between two mountains; an oval vessel of wood (Skt.lex.) Image: pit for the cogwheel of a waterwheel: cui_ pit in which cogwheel of a waterwheel works (S.)(CDIAL 4945). cf. turavu sultan-well, large well for irrigation purposes (S.I.I. ii,509); id. (Ma.); doruvu id. (Te.); turavu well made by excavating sand, unwalled well (Ta.lex.) Well; reservoir: curi_ small well or reservoir near a well (Skt.); cura_ small hollow (L.); cur hole in the ground for fire (P.); curi small well (B.); curi_ (H.); cara, cari_ ditch; caro cavity, pit (S.); carhu_ hole in ground for fire (P.); car trench, trench for fire (G.); car moat; cari_ trench (M.); ca_ri_ long trench for fire (G.); car sandbank (H.)(CDIAL 4873). cu_ hole (Wg.); su_ra (Av.); su_ra_x (Pers.); su_rai (Psht.); s'vabhra (Skt.)(CDIAL 12570). Well; reservoir: cun.t.i_, cun.t.ika_ small well (Sus'r.); cun.t.a_, cun.d.hi_, cun.d.ya, cu_d.a_, cu_d.aka, cu_taka small well (Skt.)(CDIAL 4873). To ooze; mountain spring; rock water; weir: cin-aiya_r-u pat.ukai oozing of water in a river-bed indicative of the coming freshet (I_t.u, 1,6,2, s'ri_.)(Ta.lex.) cun-ai mountain pool or spring, tank, reservoir, pasture ground with tanks and shady trees; cun-aivu rock water (Ta.); sonp swampy place where water stands (To.); d.on.e, don.e a small natural pond in rocks, a hollow, a hole (Ka.); dona a pool on a hill (Te.); cun.d.hi small pond (Skt.); cun.d.hi_ natural pool (Pkt.); son.d.i_ a natural tank in a rock (Pali); cun.t.i well (Skt.)(DEDR 2716). ucnik spring (Shum.); uhani a place with many springs (A.); uncar.ek spring (Pas'.); utsadhi receptacle of a spring (RV.)(CDIAL 1872). cf. tsa spring of water (RV.); utsya, utsi_ya coming from a spring (of water) (AV.); u_c spring (Wg.); unco (Kt.); u_c (Dm.Phal.Bshk.); u~_c, wu~_c (Gaw.); uc (Kal.Kho.Pas'.); u_ic (Pas'.); u~c (Sh.); uh (A.); ucha (Or.)(CDIAL 1869). u_e~r, u_;in. dam, dyke (Wg.)(CDIAL 1926). utsicati causes to flow over (RV.); ussicati bales out (Pali); ussim.cai irrigates, empties (Pkt.); usuncn.u_ to throw out water from a pool (WPah.); usewna_ to pour off (H.)(CDIAL 1883). Irrigated field; field for shifting cultivation: kay, key, key(y)i field (Ka.); kaitai paddy field (Ta.); cey field, esp. wet field (Ta.); ceyi rice-field (Ma.); kette wet mud, mire (Kod..); ce_nu (pl. ce_lu) field; (inscr.) kayya a rice-field (Te.); kaili field (Te.); ke_n id. (Kol.); field for shifting cultivation (Pa.); ken. id. (Kol.)[cf. ken a kind of pulse, cajanus indicus (Kond.a.Pe.); ka_'anga_ (Kui); kha_na raher (dhal)(Kuwi)(DEDR 1934)]; xajj earth, mould, clay, mud, corpse (Kur.); qaju earth, mud (Malt.)(DEDR 1958). nan--cey wet lands, wet cultivation (Ta.); nan-ai to become wet, be moistened, soaked (Ta.); nanja wet land, land cultivated by artificial cultivation (Te.); nenja watering (Kui)(DEDR 3630).

3437.Part of the whole: cin-aippeyar noun denoting part of the whole as kan. (eye)(Nan-. 132); name formed from noun denoting part of the whole as kan.n.an- (Nan-. 281); cin-ai member, component part (Tiva_.); cin-aiya_kupeyar (Gram.) synecdoche in which part is put for the whole (Nan-. 290, Urai.); cin-ai < jena (Te.) embryo or foetus of animals (Paripa_. 7,38); branch of a tree (Pur-ana_. 11,4); cin-ai-vin-ai (Gram.) verb relating to part of the whole, dist. fr. mutal-vin-ai (Pur-ana_. 9, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) cen-u < janus birth place (Pa_rata. Patin-o. 37)(Ta.lex.)

3438.Daily expenditure: cen-n-at.ai (cel + nat.ai) daily expenditure in temple service (TAS. II, 1,23)(Ta.lex.)

3439.Image: a bird: cen-n-am an aquatic bird (Kampara_. U_rte_. 151)(Ta.lex.)

3440.Eminence: cen-n-i Chola king (CIlap. 7,2, Pak. 205); eminence (Kantapu. Ka_mata. 28); cen-n-i head (Kalit. 81); id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.)

3441.Hempen cloth: ca_n.am article made of fibres (Nan-.266, Mayilai); ca_n.ai, ca_n.ai-c-ci_lai swaddling clothes; ca_n.a-p-pil.l.ai infant in swaddling clothes; ca_n.ai-k-ku_r-ai new clothes given by bridegroom's parents to the infant bride at the time of betrothal in marriage; can.am, can.al sunn-hemp, crotalaria juncea; can.ampu id.: can.ampo_t.u parutti (Ka_cika.Piramaca.14); can.appai, can.appu id., Indian hemp; can.al-valai a hemp net to catch big fishes; can.appana_r, canar-pana_r fibres of flax (Ta.); janapana_ra id. (Te.); can.ar-puri flax cord, hempen rope; can.appan- member of a Telugu caste whose profession was flax dressing (Ta.lex.) son kudrum crotolaria juncea; kudrum the name given to several fibre-yielding plants (Santali.lex.) sa_n.a hemp; sa_n.amaya hempen; sa_n.ipasibbaka hempen sack (Pali.lex.) Crotolaria juncea: sana (Skt.); sunn (H.); shonpat (B.); ghore sun (B.); santag (M.); sannappu (Ta.); janumu (Te.); wuckoo nar (Ma.); seeds: used to purify blood, in impetigo, psoriasis, emmenagogue; cultivated throughout India (GIMP, p.81). Crotalaria mucronata: sen, san (H.); jhunjhunia (Assam); seeds: sometimes used as substitute for coffee; leaves contain an alkali; habitat: throughout India (GIMP, p.81). cf. masi_n, masi_na_ a vetch, pulse (H.); masi_na_ linseed, linum usitatissimum (Skt.)(CDIAL 9923). s'a_n.a hempen, flaxen (S'r.); s'a_n.i_ hempen cloth (MBh.); sa_n.a hempen (Pali.Pkt.); sa_n.i_ hempen cloth (Pkt.); hempen cloth, screen (Pali); seni curtain (Si.)(CDIAL 12384). s'an.a hemp (AV.Pali.Or.); s.am.n.a (NiDoc.); san.a, sin.a (Pkt.); sin.i_ (S.); sin.i~_ (L.); san. (P.Ku.G.M.); san (N.B.Bi.Mth.H.); xan (A.); chan.a hemp flax (Or.); son (Mth.); sani_ fine hemp (H.); sana, han.a (Si.); chan.i hempen (Or.); san.iyu~ hempen cloth (G.)(CDIAL 12272). sana_t.hi_, sanait.ha_ stalk of hemp (Bi.); sansana_t.hi_ (Mth.)(CDIAL 12273). s'an.asu_tra hempen cord (Gr.S'r.); han.ahu~ hempen string or thread, cord (Si.)(CDIAL 12275). s'an.ika_ crotalaria of various species (Skt.); xani, xeni inner stalk of rice straw (A.)(CDIAL 12276). kin:kin.i, kin:kin.i crotalaria pulcherrima; rattlewort, girdle of small bells (Ta.); gin.igin.ike the plant crotalaria and its various species of which the seeds rattle (Ka.))(DEDR 1545). kin:kin.i_ small bell (MBh.); kin:kan.ika (Pali); ki~kini_ girdle of small bells (H.); kikini id. (Si.)(CDIAL 3152). kin:gari_ indented figure traced on the border of a garment (P.)(CDIAL 3151). ci_n-i false hemp tree, tetrameles nudiflora (Ta.); ci_ni id. (Ma.)(DEDR 2641). Nettle: jhu_n.i_ nettle (Phal.); jot string of nettle fibre (N.)(CDIAL 10519). yu_na band, cord (Ka_tyS'r.); ju_n.a a kind of reed (Or.); ju_na_, junna_ grass-rope (Bi.); junna_ (Mth.); ju_na_ (H.); juinu rope for binding sheaves (N.); juina_ grass-rope (OH.)(CDIAL 10518). cf. ka_con-r-i climbing nettle, tragia involucrata (Ta.)(DEDR 1435). Sack; covered with a woollen rug: go_n.a-sam.thata covered with a woollen rug (Pali); go_n.aka woollen rug with a long fleece (Pali); goni sack (NiDoc.); go_ni bag, purse; gono sack (Gy.); go~_ carpet (Ash.); groi~, gre~_ (Wg.); gu_ni (Dm.); Saddlebag: go_ni_ saddlebag (Pas'.); guna pair of large saddlebags usually of goat's hair for carrying grain (K.); gun.i_ coarse sackcloth (S.); gu~_n.i~_ sack (L.); gu_n. hair cloth, hempen sacking (P.); gu_n.i_ sack (P.); gun sacking (B.); gon.i_ sackcloth (Or.Ma.); sack, corn measure, ragged garment (Or.); gon grain sack (Bi.); sack (H.); gu_n.ⁱ sacking, sack (G.); gon. sack (M.); gon.a large grain sack (Ma.)(CDIAL 4275). ko_n.i, ko_n.ikai, ko_n.iyal sacks made of jute fibre, gunny bag (Ta.); ko_n.i gunny bag (Ma.); gon.y in tingon.y bag in which old coins are put for use at funerals (To.); go_n.i sack (Ka.); gunny bag (Tu.); coarse sackcloth (Te.); go_niya, go_ne sack, gunny bag (Te.)(DEDR App.33). Mail armour: koja mail armour = kavaca; kojava a rug or cover with long hair, a fleecy counterpane (pa_va_ra-kojava); gon.aka is explained as: di_gha-lomaka maha_kojava (Pali.lex.)

3442.Images: leaf; tender shoot; shoot of betel vines: kan.n.i sprout, shoot, tender leaf (Ta.); shoot of betel vines, palm leaves (Ma.)(DEDR 1185). kail sprout, shoot (H.); kari_ra shoot of bamboo (Sus'r.); karir tender shoot of bamboo (B.); kal.i_ra top of coconut palm eaten as a vegetable (Pali); karira, karir.a, karar.i, kard.i_ bamboo shoot (Or.); kari_l, karil, kair, kalla_ bamboo shoot (H.)(CDIAL 2804). kari_ram sprout, shoot; shoot of the bamboo (Tailava. Taila. 35)(Ta.lex.) cf. katir ear of grain, spear of grass (Ta.); ear, spike of corn (Ma.)(DEDR 1194).

3443.Image: ear of corn: s'en (pl. s'enkul) head of jowar (Nk.); cennu, sen ear of corn or paddy (Ga.); sen:k corn (pl.)(Go.); san head of jowar (Go.); hennu ear of wheat or jowari (Go.); e_n-al ear of corn (Ta.); ennu, vennu id. (Te.); enn(i) head of grain (Go.); en ear of corn (Go.); ser-en (pl. ser-eku) ear of corn (Kond.a); canu pod (Malt.)(DEDR 2798). Head of paddy: han head of paddy (Go.); hessu cannu head of rice (Kur.); s'en head of paddy (Go.); cen head of paddy (Kol.Pe.)(DEDR 2798). cinekka to branch out, rice to sprout (Ma.)(DEDR 2592). Millet: c.i_n. millet harvest; a kind of millet (Sh.); cena_ panicum miliaceum (H.); ci_na panicum miliaceum (Skt.); ci_naka id. (Skt.); a kind of bean (Pali); ci_n.aka a partic. grain (Skt.); ci_na_ka fennel (Skt.); cinna, cinnaka panicum miliaceum (BHSk.); ci_n.o the millet panicum italicum (S.); ci_n.a~_ p. miliaceum (L.); ci_n.a_ (P.); cin.a_ (Ku.); ci_na_ (B.H.); panicum frumentosum (P.); ci_nh, cinna_ id. (P.); ci_n p. italicum, panicum frumentosum (Mth.); a kind of grain (Bhoj.); cinei a kind of minute grain (WPah.); cina_ millet (Or.); cin panicum miliaceum (P.); cin. a grain like wheat but bigger (Kho.)(CDIAL 4842). tin-ai Italian millet, setaria italica; wild Bermuda grass, panicum burmanni; little millet (= ca_mai); paddy-field grass, p. fluitans (Ta.); tina p.italicum (Ma.); ten ear (of any grain) (Ko.); tene a spike, ear of corn; tene-gid.a Italian millet, p.italicum [s.italica = p.italicum](Ka.)(DEDR 3265). cin-ai bud, branch out on all sides; n. embryo, foetus, flower bud, branch of a tree (Ta.); canaccam smaller branch of a tree or antler; cina branching out as an ear of corn; jane yoke of an egg (Ka.); jena id. (Te.)(DEDR 2592). Rice: jengene, jingini a long-grained variety of rice, the earliest among the kinds sown in caor.a fields (Mu.); jengne (Sadani)(Mu.lex.) Maize: jond.ra, jonra maize or Indian corn; gur.u'u jonra id. which ripens with panicum miliare; gor.a jonra which ripens with rice of the high fields; locon jonra which ripens with the rice of the low fields; jond.ra-coka, jonra-coka the sheathing leaf of the fruiting spike of maize; koca id. (Mu.); jawa_ra_ maize (H.)(Mu.lex.)

3444.Image: back: jen back (Pe.); je_nu, je~_o (loc. je_co) id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 2825). cf. cer-na_ to raise a burden to one's shoulders (Kur.); ced.e to convey, carry (Malt.)(DEDR 2762).

3445.Acquaintance: can-u favourite, acquaintane (Kumare_ca. Cata. 60)(Ta.); tcanuvu (Te.)(Ta.lex.)

3446.Silver box containing a charm: cajjai silver box containing the S'iva lin:ga, suspended from the neck by Lin:ga_yats (Ta.); sejje (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ?seza_ri neighbour, i.e. living close (Kon.lex.)

3447.Image: pregnancy: cana pregnancy; canekka animals to conceive (Ma.); jane yoke of egg (Ka.); cin-ai embryo, foetus, pregnancy (Paripa_. 7,38); spawn, eggs, member, component part (Ta.lex.); branch of a tree (Pur-ana_. 11,4); tane, tene embryo of beasts, pregnancy (Ka.); tan, san conceiving, breeding as cattle, sheep, etc. (Tu.); taneyuni cattle or animals to be big with young (Tu.); jena yolk of an egg (Te.)(DEDR 2592). cin-ai (-pp-, -tt-) to form, rise, come into being (Kur-al., 1203); be impregnated (Ta.lex.) janyate_ is born (Pa_n..); jan to be born, bears (Gypsy); dn having been born (OSi.)(CDIAL 5117). ja_ne_ti begets (Pali); jan- to bear (Kho.)(CDIAL 5192). Person: jana race, person (RV.); person, people (Pali); jan.a (KharI.); jan.a person (Pkt.); jeno person (also used as numerative) (Gypsy); jan.a_ person, husband (S.); jana_ use in plural as numerartive: persons (N.); person (B.); zan person (A.); zana_ respectable person (A.); jan.a plural affix (OB.); jan person, labourer (B.); jan.a, jan.e person (Or.); jan person, agricultural labourer paid in kind (Bi.); jan, jana_ person, labourer (Mth.); jan person (Bhoj.); jan.o (Marw.); jan. (G.M.); jan.a, zan. (Konkan.i); dana_ (Si.); dena (OSi.10th century)(CDIAL 5098). janapada a people (S'Br.); country (MBh.); inhabited country (opp. to town)(Pali); jan.avaya (Pkt.); ja_napadasa living in the country (As'.); janapade (As'.); danavuva inhabited district (Si.)(CDIAL 5101). can-am people, community (Ci_vaka. 116); relations, one's own people; crowd, herd (Pa_rata. Campava. 47); can-a-pati king, emperor (Kalin.. 361); can-a-k-kat.t.u family circle (Ta.lex.) Living being: jantu offspring, creature, man (RV.); any animal of lowest order, insect, worm (Mn.); living being (Pali); jam.tu (Pkt.)(CDIAL 5110). To grow up: cand- to grow up; candip- (candit-) to make to grow up, bring up, rear (Pa.); sand- to grow; sandup- (sandut-) to make to grow; sand- to grow (plants, etc.)(Ga.)(DEDR 2329). jama_ra age, length of life (S.); jama_ra birth, life (OG.)(CDIAL 5111). janmada progenitor (Skt.); jama_n birth (Pas'.)(CDIAL 5112). can-mam birth (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 3,10,1)(Ta.lex.) janman birth, creature (RV.); zama_n (Wkh.); za_men (Psht.); jamman, jammana birth (Pali); janma, gen. janmas-a (NiDoc.); jamma, jamman.a (Pkt.); jamu birth, age (S.); jam birth (L.); jamm birth, offspring, growth (P.); ja_ma birth (OB.); ja_m son, seed (H.); anja_ma_ barren; jamr.a_ father; jamr.i_ mother (H.); jammai is born (Pkt.); jaman.u to be born, take root (S.); jamman., jaman. to be born, grow (L.); jaman.a_ birth (L.); jammn.a_ to be born, to come into existence, grow; to bear; jama_un.a_ to act as midwife (P.); jamn.a_ to be born, bear; jakn.o~_ to grow (WPah.); ja_mn.o to germinate (Ku.); ja_mai to grow (Bhoj.); ja_mna_ to germinate, sprout (H.); jama_na_ to plant (a tree, etc.)(H.)(CDIAL 5113). jammia born (Pkt.); jammi_ born, flourishing (P.)(CDIAL 5115). Progeny: can-akan- father, progenitor (Kur-r-a_. Tala. Kavur-can-. 84); can-a-k-kat.t.u family circle; family tie; unity among the people (Ta.lex.) janana birth (Mn.); jan.an.a (Pkt.); janani family, race (B.); dananaya birth, production (Si.)(CDIAL 5099). janani_ mother (S'a_n:khS'r.Pali); jan.an.i_ (Pkt.); jan.n.i_ (P.)(CDIAL 5100). janitri_ mother (RV.); janetti_ mother (Pali); jan.ti_ (G.); dinitiya_ (Si.)(CDIAL 5106). janita born (Skt.Pali); jan.ia (Pkt.); dini, dunu (Si.)(CDIAL 5104). janitra origin, birthplace (RV.); procreative matter (VS.); pl. parents (AitBr.); [cf. ca_n.t.u semen (Ma.); menstrual discharge (Ta.)(DEDR 2447)]; janitta birthplace (Pali); jan.tar giving birth, infant (G.); zotr kinsman, friend (Kt.); za_te (Pr.)(CDIAL 5105). janayati causes to be born (AV.); begets (S'Br.); janati begets (RV.); jane_ti bears (a child)(Pali); jan.e_i, jan.ai (Pkt.); jan.an.u (S.); jan.an. to bear (a child), to foal (L.); jan.na_ to give birth to (P.); janna_ to bear, be born (H.); jan.vu~ to bear (G.); jan.a_inu to cause to bring forth (S.); jana_un.a_ to deliver a child (P.); jana_na_ (H.); jan.a_vvu~ (G.); danavanava_ to produce (Si.)(CDIAL 5102). janiman birth (RV.); dinim birh (Si.)(CDIAL 5107). janus birth, race (RV.); dunu_ (OSi.); dunu birth, origin (Si.); junn relation (Wg.)(CDIAL 5108). jama_ndru_, jama~_dru_ congenital (L.); janma_ntara former life (MBh.); jama_ndaru_ natal; adv. from birth (P.)(