4685.Image: line, row: da_ya a line, a row, sa_lu; a division, a partion; da_yavibha_ga partion or portioning of inheritance; a portion of inheritance (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

4686.Property; inheritance: dot, doti dowry (Kon.lex.) da_ytu~ property (esp. a field) given by father to the bride (G.)[X khet]; da_vdda dowry (Si.); da_ya_dya inheritance (Gr.S.); near relationship (MBh.); da_ya_da kinsman (MBh.); da_yajja inheritance, dowry (Pali); da_j dowry (L.P.WPah.); daijo (Ku.); da_ijo (N.); da_yaja (OAw.); da_ij, da_ija_, daija_ (H.)[like dahez < de_ya- X Per. jahez]; da_yajo (Marw.); da_yjo (G.); deiji_ whole-blooded kinsman (B.); da_ij, da_yaji_ one entitled to share in an inheritance, kinsman, ill-wisher, jealous person (B.); da_yco dowry (G.) (CDIAL 6290). da_yin giving (ChUp.); -da_yin, da_yika donor (Pali); da_i generous (Pkt.); da_i_ generous; donor (H.)(CDIAL 6291). da_ya a gift, a present (Ka.); a special gift, a nuptial present, that which a bride and bridegroom receive at their marriage (Ka.Skt.); da_ya a share, portion, propety to be divided, inheritance; property, wealth (Ka.); da_ya_da the receiver of a portion of heritage: an heir (Ka.); da_ya_dya inheritance; a son born from a rival wife or from a step-mother (Ka.); da_yiga (Tabhava of da_yaka a giver, donor; an heir, a kinsman) a cognate kinsman in a remote degree, one subsequent in right of inheritance to the sago_tra (Ka.); da_yi_ja (M.)(Ka.lex.) Patrimony; inheritance: ta_yam patrimony, inheritance, wealth of an ancestor capable of inheritance and partition; share; paternal relationship; gift, donation; excellence, superiority (Kokko_. 1,28); ta_yavitaippu seasonable sowing; ta_ya-tarumam law of inheritance, rule of partition; ta_yappati city or town got by inheritance (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 8,6,9); ta_ya-pa_kam [< da_ya + bha_ga] division of an estate among heirs; a treatise on the Hindu law of inheritance by Ji_mu_tava_kan-a; chapter of the law of inheritance in the Mita_ks.ara of Vije_s'vara, 12th cent.(Ta.lex.) da_ya share, portion (RV.); nuptial fee (Skt.); gift (Pali); da_a (Pkt.); da_ya (MBh.)(CDIAL 6288). ta_yakam support; shelter; place of refuge (Ta_yu. A_ka_ra. 11)(Ta.lex.) ta_ya_tittan-am deception, fraud, as practised among relations in regard to hereditary property; jealousy; ta_ya_tippat.t.am rule of succession in a zamin by which the senior member succeeds in preference to the sons of the last male holder (Madu.)(Ta.lex.) ta_ya_ti agnate < da_ya_da (Ta.lex.) a_ta_yam profit, gain, income (Kumare_. Cata. 9)(Ta.lex.) System of inheritance: maruma-k-kat.t.a_yam < marumakkal. + ta_yam the system of inheritance by which a man's sister's sons become heirs to his property instead of his sons (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) cf. datta given (RV.Pali.Pkt.)(CDIAL 6140). ta_yattavar agnates (Na_lat.i, 278)(Ta.lex.)

4687.Dowry: da_ya_dya inheritance (Gr.S.); da_yco dowry (G.); da_ytu~ property (esp. a field) given by her father to the bride (G.); da_ij, da_ija_, daija_, dahez dowry (H.); da_j, d.a_j dowry (L.); da_j (P.WPah.); daijo ()Ku.N.); da_yaja (OAw.); dahez (H.); jahez (Pers.); da_yajo (Marw.); da_yjo (G.)(CDIAL 6290). dehara_ livelihood (N.); de_hadha_ran.a living (MBh.)(CDIAL 6558). de_ya to be given, fit for a gift (AV.); gift (MBh.); deyya gift (Pali); deya-dharme religious gift (KharI.); dejja, dijja to be given (Pkt.); d.eju dowry (S.); deja_ (H.); dej gift made by bridegroom or his party to the bride (G.); money given by the bridegroom to bride's father (M.); di_-dham (Si.);[cf. hyper-sanskritism in: stri_-dhanam (Skt.)]; deyya-dhamma (Pali)(CDIAL 6522). cf. aive_ci, aive_cu property, wealth, stock, capital (Ta.); aiwaz (U.)(Ta.lex.) dahej < dahez (Arabic) a bride's portion, dowry; dahejar. pertaining to a dower (P.lex.) cf. dekka_yi the betrothal badge (Tu.lex.) cf. ta_yittu, ta_yattu < ta_'it (U.) small gold or silver case worn on the person as amulet; cylindrical talisman (Ta.); ta_yitu (Te.)(Ta.lex.) cf. ta_yiti, ta_ti, ta_yata a small box or tube worn round the neck or arm, also tied to the waist-band, containing an amulet and occasionally small gold coins (Ka.); ta_yitu, ta_yete (Te.); ta_i_ta (M.H.)(Ka.lex.) tawi_t < ta_wiz (Arabic) an amulet, a charm (P.lex.) mantra_cen a_id article of charm, amulet (Kon.lex.) jaituk, jor.a jaituk presents given at marriage; jaituk a gift to a bride by her father; jor.a jaituk a pair of heifers given to a bride by her father; jaituk tok a pestle brought by a bride from her father's house (Santali.lex.)

4688.Image: brim: deg, dege brim (Kon.lex.)

4689.Cultivated moist land; water: toyyil cultivated moist land; toyyal mud (Ta.); to_y to dip, soak, dye, wash (Ta.); to_yuka to dip, soak (Ma.); to_, to_yu to become wet or moist, be dipped in; wet, moisten, dip, soak, steep; to_kul.i act of dipping, steeping (Ka.)(DEDR 3555). to_ya water (Mn.Pali.Pkt.); to_ (Si.)(CDIAL 5974). totani water basin (Si.)(CDIAL 5975). jo_ku to wash (Kor.); ho_k to wash, rub (Pe.); joh to wash clothes (Kui); co_shing to soak, steep; wash by rubbing, scrub (Br.)(DEDR 2872). jo_gu waterfall (Ka.); id., cataract (Tu.)(DEDR 2874). to_ya water; to_yada giving water; a cloud; to_yanidhi the ocean; toyisu, toyyisu, to_yisu, to_su to cause to become wet; to steep in water; toyisu to become wet or be drenched; toyyuvike becoming wet (Ka.lex.)

4690.Image: tall banner: ad.ha_l.a, d.ha_l.a tall banner (Ka.lex.) d.hal a shield, a buckler; d.halwa a plate, shield; khokro d.hal a targe of hide studded with brass nails; d.hal sikria an attendant who carries a sportsman's gun (Santali.lex.) d.ha_la, d.a_lu a shield (Ka.lex.) tala_yattu < dala_ith (U.) liveried attendant, peon (Ta.lex.) cf. d.ha_la shield (Skt.)(CDIAL 5583).

4691.Image: to pour out: d.a_ln.o to throw, pour, put in (Ku.); d.a_rab to throw (Mth.); d.a_rai throws, puts away (Mth.); d.a_lna_ to pour, put, scatter, destroy; caus. d.ala_na_, d.ala_u rubbish (H.); d.a_rn.a_ to throw (P.); d.a_rna_ = d.a_lna_ (H.)(CDIAL 5545). cf. d.halai falls, drips (Pkt.)(CDIAL 5581). a_d.hal.n.e~, ad.hal.n.e~ to fall in the way of, to meet (M.); od.^arun to mix up together (K.)(CDIAL 1105). cf. o_d.hal flood (Bshk.)(CDIAL 773). ud.ha_ran.u to gather up flour thrown out of a mill (S.); or.a_lnu to stir up rice (N.)(CDIAL 1698). cf. uddha_rayati raises (Skt.)(CDIAL 2009).

4692.Official: tal.ai officer or ut.aiya_r in certain districts (J.)(Ta.lex.) tal.aiyan- headman of certain castes, viz., mar-avan-, kuyavan-, ca_n-r-a_r (J.)(Ta.); [ut.aiya_n- master, lord (Ci. Po_. Avaiyat.akkam, Cir-.); ut.aiya_r village official in North and East Ceylon; lord, master; hon. pl. (S.I.I. ii,306); tal.ava_t.am tools, materials, requisites, tackle, furniture (Ta.Ma.)(Ta.lex.) udha_r loan (B.); udha_ra_ to borrow (B.); udha_riba to save (A.); udha_riba_ to deliver, borrow (Or.); udha_rna_ to save (H.); udharvu~ to be nourished, be debited (G.)(CDIAL 2009). cf. uddha_ra tax, debt (Pali); loan (Pkt.); udha_ra loan (S.); udha_r (L.P.WPah.Ku.N.); purchase on credit (Bi.); debt (Bhoj.H.); buying and selling on credit (M.); udha_ro credit on account (G.); dha_r loan (B.)(CDIAL 2018). dala_la a broker (M.H.); dala_li broker (Ka.); dala_li_ the business of a broker, brokerage; commission (M.H.); dalla_l.a (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) tala_li < dalla_li_ (U.) brokerage; dala_l < dalla_l (U.) broker (C.G.)(Ta.lex.) d.hal to obtain goods on credit in the name of another and keep them oneself; d.halkate hor.e idikeda he got dhan on credit by saying it was for another person whom he named; ine d.halkedina he obtained goods in my name (Santali.lex.) d.ha_l.a a clever fellow; d.ha_l.u cast, mould; way, style (Ka.); d.ha_l.a (M.)(Ka.lex.)

4693.Ready: taya_r < taiya_r (U.) readiness, preparedness (Ta.lex.) taya_ra, taya_ru prepared, made; ready, waiting to do (Ka.); taya_ra (M.H.); taya_ri readiness; preparation (Ka.); taya_ri_(H.M.)(Ka.lex.)

4694.Bald: tar-at.adale bald head (Ka.lex.) tar-ai (-v-, -nt-) to be or become bald; tat.t.ai baldness (Ta.); tarv- (tard-) (head) becomes bald (Ko.); tar-- (tar-0-) to become bald; tar-f- (tar-t-) to make bald, pluck (hair, fowl); tar- mad. bald head (To.); tar-at.a, tarat.a, tarat.u baldness; bald (Ka.); tart.e~ baldness (M.)(DEDR 3145). cad.ra, cad.ri bald; cad.ra, ced.e bald on the crown (Santali.lex.)

4695.A place of worship: daraga a mohammadan place of worship (Ka.); daraga_ (M.H.) (Ka.lex.) dargaha_, darga_h a court; royal presence; a muhammadan shrine, or the tomb of some reputed saint, an object of worship and pilgrimage (P.lex.)

4696.Uncultivated land: taricu land lying waste or fallow; pebbles, pieces of metal put into anklet for tinkling; taravai waste or uncultivated land; saline soil over-grown with weeds (Ta.lex.); tari grit, sand, rough uncultivated, unbroken lumps; tarutare_ rough, coarse; taris'u lying waste or fallow (Ma.); taraku, tarakalu, torasalu roughness of surface, unsmoothness, unevenness, grittiness, grit; daraku id., hoarseness; tarasu rough, uncultivated, fallow land; tari roughness, granule, grit; doragu rough, coarse (Te.); daruduru, doragu id. (Tu.)(DEDR 3097). cf. caracara to be rough of surface (Ta.); caralu small rounded pebbles (Ka.); jari grit, sand (Tu.); srogu a rough surface (Kui)(DEDR 2354). Dry: ta_r-uka to become thin, droop (Ma.); targ ar.- (at.-) to become lean (Ko.); to.x- (to.xy-) to become lean, slender (To.); ta_r-, ta_r-u to become dry, dry up, wither, wane, become emaciated; ta_r-ad.i state of becoming or being dry; ta_r-iga a dry, sapless man; tar-agu that which is dried or to be dried, dry, fallen or dead leaves, a cake fried in oil and dried; taral.u, tarl.u, tal.l.u, tar-al a ripe fruit that has become dry, esp. a coconut (Ka.); tarn.t.uni, tarun.t.u to shrivel; targod. leanness; sarn:god.e a slender man (Tu.); darla dried leaves (Kor.); ta_r-u, ta_ru to fall away in flesh, become lean, diminish, be reduced; tra_d.vad.u to become lean (Te.)(DEDR 3192). tar-u, ta_r-u to sink, decline, become thin (Ma.); ca_mpu to shrink, fade (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) tar-al.e, tar-ale, tarle the state of being dry, useless or vain; a useless business (Ka.lex.)

4697.Earth: tarai the earth (taraiyot.u tiritala nalitaru...calataran- : Te_va_. 568,2); soil, land, ground (Ko_yir-pu. Pataca. 43); tarai-p-par-r-u plains; taraiyar people on the earth, earthly beings (Marutu_. 98); tarai-va_ram owner's share of agricultural produce; tarai-k-ka_ran- owner of the land, distinct from: ceykai-k-ka_ran- (Ta.lex.) dhara_ the earth (Mn.Pkt.); dhar (G.); daraya (Si.)(CDIAL 6748). dharitri_ female carrier (VS.); the earth (BhP.); dharti_ the earth (S.); dharut bottom (L.); dhar^at the earth (P.); dharti_ the earth (P.Ku.H.G.M.OMarw.OAw.); dharti (N.); dharati (Or.); dahrti-palas' weeds (Kho.)(CDIAL 6750). dharan.i_ ground (MBh.Pali.Pkt.); darin (Bshk.); deri_n (Tor.); daharin. (Sv.); dharan., dahara_n. (Phal.); dran, dru^u low marshy ground near lakes (K.); dharne adv. on the ground, down (WPah.); dharani the earth (OAw.); dharan. (G.); deran.a (Si.)(CDIAL 6744). dha_njal earthquake (Pas'.)(CDIAL 6746). taram earth (Ta.); dhara_ earth (Skt.); tara_talam earth (Kampara_. Kat.iman.a. 47); tarai the earth (Te_va_. 568,2); soil, land, ground (Ko_yir-pu. Pataca. 43); tarai-k-ka_ran- owner of the land, dist. fr. ceykai-k-ka_ran-; tarai-p-par-r-u plains; tarai-va_ram owner's share of agricultural produce (J.); tarai-p-pan:ku id. (J.)(Ta.lex.) Lowlying land: tari marshy lowlying land (N.); taro slope made by landslip or torrent (N.); tari_ lowlying land (Bi.H.); tara_i_ id. (S.P.H.); tara_i id. (esp. that at the foot of Himalaya)(N.Or.); tarei pond (Or.); tariyani, tareni lowlying land, valley (N.); tarya_ni (Bi.); taraut. moisture, wetness (Ku.); talla_ lowlying ground (L.P.)(CDIAL 5697). ta_r land inside a tank, used for dry cultivation (Ta.lex.) tall floor (L.); tall ground, floor (WPah.); tala level, ground, surface, bottom (Pali.Pkt.); surface, flat roof (MBh.)(CDIAL 5731). dalahi, daldalahi, dalhi, har., thala, jarhi, jola a marsh; jhil shallow marsh; dola like a marsh (Santali.lex.) dhara_t.i earth heaped up for an embankment (B.)(CDIAL 6794).

4698.Image: layer of earth and stones; strewing: tharn.i_ layer of earth and stones (e.g. over a dam), act of laying it (M.); istan roof (Kho.); istara~, ista, sta coverlet, rug, bedding (Wg.); tharan.a in cmpds. strewing (Pali); staran.a act of strewing (S'rS.)(CDIAL 13686). tharvu~ to spread straw for storing corn on (G.); starati strews (MBh.); starate_ overthrows (RV.)(CDIAL 13687). cf. ca_ram scaffolding (Ta.)(DEDR 2463). is'teri_am 1 sg.put the roof on (Wg.); tha_rn.u to bury (WPah.)(CDIAL 13690). thaya spread out (Pkt.); thir.na_ to be driven asunder, be dispersed (P.)(CDIAL 13714). Flat slate: thar.o thick flat slate (Ku.)(CDIAL 13714). str.ttya to be strewn; to be overthrown (AitBr.)(CDIAL 13716). str.ti overthrowing (TS.); act of bestrewing (Skt.)(CDIAL 13715). ta_r-r-u (ta_r-r-i-) to sift, winnow; n. winnowing; ta_ttu (ta_tti-) to winnow; tar-i (-pp-, -tt-) to sift by a winnowing fan (Ta.); sa_runi, sa_riyuni to sift (Tu.); ta_l(u)cu to sift or separate larger particles from flour in a winnowing basket (Te.); dalngi ki- to winnow with a sideways motion (Pe.); dranzing, dra_zing to throw up in the air, winnow (Br.)(DEDR 3195).

4699.Image: nape of the neck: taravu nape of the neck (Ta.lex.) cf. car (obl. carr-, pl. cartil) neck (Pa.)(DEDR 2419).

4700.Giving; share: taru (ta_r-, imper. ta_; past. tant-) to give to 1st or 2nd person; to give as to equals (Tol. Col. 446); ta_-tal to grant, bestow; to serve (Maturaik. 535); ta_ id. (Ka.Ma.); ta_-tal to cause to get (Pur-ana_. 35,25); to acquire, gather (Tirikat.u. 47); to yield, bring forth, as trees (Ta.lex.); taruvi to cause to bring (Ta.); taruka, tarika (ta_r-, ta_; tann-) to give to 1st or 2nd person; taruvikka to cause to give (Ma.); takc- to make to give to 1st or 2nd person or to oneself (Ko.); ta.r- (ta-, ta.; tad--) to give to 1st or 2nd person (Ko.); to.r- (ta-, tas'-, to.; tod-) to give to 1st or 2nd person or reflexive (To.); Image: to lead or conduct near; to cause to bring: tar, ta_r (ta_; tand-) to lead or conduct near, bring; give; to give to 1st or 2nd person; tarisu, tarasu to cause to lead or conduct near, cause to bring; taru, taruvike, taruka bringing; taru, taruvike, taruha bringing (Ka.); tar- (ta.; tapp-, tand-) to give to 1st or 2nd person; tand an offer to marry a girl (Kod..); tarpa_vuni, tarpud.uni to cause to bring, send for, get, obtain (Tu.); teccu (te_-, te_r-) to bring, get, cause to produce, create; teppincu to send for, get down, obtain, procure; -tencu (-te_-, -te_r-) aux. with refl. meaning; to come (e.g. canu-dencu to come; canu-de~_ka, canu-de_raka not coming)(Te.); ko-ta, ko-tar imper. 2 sg. and 2 pl. of kor- to bring (Kol.); tar-, tatta_na_ (impv. tar.a_), ta-/tar- (tatt-) to bring (Go.); ta- (-t-;neg. te'-) id. (Kond.a); ta- (tat-) id. (Pe.); ta- id. (Mand..); tapa (tat-) id.; bringing (Kui); ta'- (tat-), ta_cali (ta_t-), ta'nai to bring (Kuwi); tining (tir-, neg. ti-, present e_t-, te_-, imper. e_te, past. tiss-) to give; tiss act of giving, generosity; hatining, hatiring, hataring, hating (neg. hati-, present hate_-, hatare_-, imper. hata, hatar, past. he_s-) to bring, give birth to, think of doing something, attempt, intend (Br.)(DEDR 3098). taina_ (taiyyas), te_yna_ (te_yyas) to send, carry newly married girl out of village (Kur.); teye to send (Malt.)(DEDR 3418). diru given (Kho.); to_mi, to_ri, ta_ pret. sg. given (Gypsy); dete (Tir.); di_t (Bshk.); dit (Tor.Mai.); dito (Phal.); dyut^u, ditto (K.); ditta_, d.itta_ (L.); ditta_ (P.); dittu_, dyitta_, ditta_ (WPah.); datt given (RV.); da_ta in: tva_-da_ta (RV.); datta given (Pali.Pkt.); dattika, dattiya given as a present (Pali); da_t liberality (H.); diya_ given; gift (H.); daya, da gave (OSi.); dita, ditaga, ditam.ti, dida, didae, didam.ti (NiDoc.); diyo (Ku.N.); diya_, de with (B.); dia_ given (Or.); dila, dila_ given, gift (B.); di_dhau (OH.); di_dhu~ (G.); di_dhala_ (OM.); pres. st. didhn.e~ (OM.); dinna given (Pali); dinnaka adopted (son)(Pali); dina, dim.na given (As'.); a-din.a = a-din.n.a (Dhp.); din.n.a- (din.n.aya- adopted son)(Pkt.); din, dino_, dinilo_, dilo_ (Gypsy); denim I gave (D..); d.ino (S.); di_nau, di_no_ (WPah.); di_nha, di_nh (OAw.); di_nau (Brj.); di_n, di_nha_ (OH.); dinhala_ (OM.); dine, dini (OSi.); dunu, dun, 1 sg. dinim I gave (Si.)(CDIAL 6140). da_ta given; da_ti in cmpds. 'giving' (RV.); da_tu share (RV.); s'atda_tu, sahsrada_tu hundredfold, thousandfold (Skt.)(CDIAL 6258). da_tra gift (RV.); da_t liberality (H.)(CDIAL 6259). Gift; debt: da_man gift (RV.); da_na giving, gift (RV.Pali.As'.); da_n.a (Pkt.OG.); dana (As'.NiDoc.KharI.); da~_ debt (Bashg.); da_n gift (esp. religious or charitable)(K.); gift, duty on goods for sale, cost of ferrying (N.); gift (Bhoj.); gift, alms, dowry (H.); d.a_n.u gift, charity (S.); da_n. (P.); charity (WPah.); dowry (WPah.); gift, alms (Ku.); road cess, transit duty (G.); dane (Si.); dan gift, alms (Si.)(CDIAL 6265). da_namaya consisting of liberality (Skt.Pali); danumuva_ (Si.)(CDIAL 6267). da_navant having gifts (RV.); da~_w debtor (Ash.)(CDIAL 6269). danva_t.a regular almsgiving (Si.); da_navat.t.a alms (Pali)(CDIAL 6270). da_nas'a_la hall of almsgiving (Skt.); da_nasa_la_ (Pali); da_n.asa_la_ (Pkt.); dansala almshouse (Si.)(CDIAL 6271). da_nin giving (BhP.); dni debtor (Wg.)(CDIAL 6272).

4701.Image: pupil of eye: ta_ra_ pupil of eye (Pali.Pkt.B.); ta_ri_ pupil of eye (Ku.)(CDIAL 5798). ta_ra, ta_rake, ta_rage the pupil of the eye (Ka.lex.) ta_ram eyesight (Cu_t.a_.); the mystic syllable, o_m (tiruman. 1405)(Ta.lex.) ta_rai apple of the eye, kan.man.i (Pin..); eye (Kampara_. Cat.a_yuvuyir. 103)(Ta.lex.)

4702.Image: apple of the eye: ta_rai < ta_ra_ apple of the eye (Pa_rata. Aruccun-an-r-ava. 38); eye (Kampara_. Cat.a_yuvuyir. 103); Ta_ra_ wife of Jupiter, one of paca-kan-n-iyar (Ka_cika. 15,17); star (Pin..)(Ta.lex.)

4703.Wife: da_ra_ pl. wife (Gr.S.); sg. (BhP.); da_rika_ girl; harlot (Skt.) [?da_ra_ = home]; da_ra, da_ra_ sg. or pl. a wife (Pali); puta-da_le son and wife (As'.); saputra-darasa gen. sg. with son and wife (KharI.); da_ra wife, woman (Pkt.); da_ra_ wife (A.B.); da_ra woman (OAw.); da_r wife (G.); da_rika_ girl (Pali); da_ria_ girl, harlot (Pkt.); da_ri bride (Gypsy); dari married (Kt.); dri (Pr.); dor^u child's doll (K.); da_ri_ female slave taken in war (P.); harlot (Or.); female slave, harlot (H.); dariya girl (Si.)(CDIAL 6293). da_raka boy, son, child (MBh.); boy (Pali); da_laka sohn (As'.); da_raga, da_raya boy (Pkt.); da_ri, da_re pl. boys, sons (Sh.); daruva_ son, child Si.); d.a_ri friend (Dm.); da_ri (Kal.)(CDIAL 6294). ga_mada_raka village boy (Pali); ga_ma_ra, gava_ra living in a small village, rustic, fool (Pkt.); gamma_r insolent ignorant fool (K.); ga_va_r, gava_r rustic (P.); gama_r rustic, uncouth (N.); go~wa_r obstinate (A.); goya~_r stubborn and ignorant (B.); gama_r, gua~_ra (Or.); gama_r rustic (Mth.); ga_wa_r villager (Bhoj.Aw.H.); gama_r, guma_r, gava_r boorish (G.); ga~va_r (M.)(CDIAL 4371). cf. ta_rai-va_rttal to make gifts by pouring water on the right hand of the donee (Aric. Pu. Cu_r..vi. 79)(Ta.lex.) ta_ram < da_ra wife (Tol. Po. 79); married state (W.); gemini, mithuna ra_ci (Can.. Aka.); ta_ra-parikkirakam < da_ra-parigraha wedding (Ta.lex.) daharaka, dahara young; daharika_ a young girl; dahara young; a young boy, youth, lad (Pali.lex.) da_ra, da_ra_ orig. 'wives, womenfolk'; female members of the household; Ger. frauenzimmer; Eng. womanhood; da_ra_ a young woman, esp. married woman, wife (Pali); da_ri_ maiden, young girl; parada_ra the wife of another; da_rika_ a young girl, daughter (Pali.lex.) dahra small (Skt.); dahram a little (TS.); dahara (ChUp.); younger brother (Skt.); daharaka short (of day)(S'a_n:khBr.); dabhra small (RV.); dahara small, delicate, young (Pali); dha_ra small, light (Pkt.); dha_ra_ short, shorter (M.); younger (M.)(CDIAL 6249).

4704.Price, value: da_ran.e rate, price, value (Tu.lex.) cf. dha_ran.e rate, market price (Te.); ta_ran.ai (Ta.); dha_ran.a (M.); da_ran.e, da_rn.e, dha_ran.e (Ka.lex.)

4705.Image: stream of a jet of water: da_re stream of a jet of water (Tu.lex.)

4706.Price paid for a wife; assessed lands: teran.t.u to make a gift of raiment to the bride and bridegroom at a wedding (Ka.lex.) dhorat., dhorat.i a premium on a loan of money or grain; the amount of premium given is generally one anna in the rupee (1/16), and is returned to the money lender, out of the amount given on loan, at the time the loan is made; mit t.aka eman.me, mit ana dhorat.in emama give me one rupee, I shall return you one anna as premium (Santali.lex.) cf. dravyam wealth (Skt.lex.) Marriage: ta_rika_-ta_n-am < da_rika_ giving away of a daughter in marriage; ta_rai-va_rttal to make gifts by pouring water on the right hand of the donee (Aric. Pu. Cu_r..vi. 79); to lose, as property; terat.i-campa_van-ai present given by a person to his son-in-law on the day of car festival (Ta.lex.) Bringing a girl for marriage: taru bringing; taru-val.i the act of bringing or taking home, as a girl for marriage; taruvike bringing; tarun.i a young owman, a girl from about sixteen years of age; a girl; tarun.isu youth, juvenility; tarun.a, tarala young, tender, juvelinile; new, fresh; a young man, one of the virile age; tad.d.u, tarad.u, torad.u a testicle (Ka.lex.) da_re wedding ceremony (so called because of solemnising the wedding day by pouring water on the hands of the bride and the bridegroom (Tu.lex.) dha_ra_-atta (a present) given wet from the water that has been poured over it in the donor's hand; dha_ra_-gr.hi_ta (a present) received wet from the water that has been poured over it in the donor's hand; if the present is a cow, the tail is kept in the donor's hand, water is poured over it, and then it is given into the receiver's hand (Ka.); dha_re er-e, da_re er-e (the donor of anything) to pour water (on the gift, and thus to deliver it to the recipient, in order to make it irrevocable; dha_ra_l.a (stream-like extension): profusion (Ka.); freedom from reserve (Ka.Ta.Te.); liberality, generosity (Ka.Ma.Ta.Te.) (Ka.lex.)

4707.Ashes: darmu ashes (Pe.); ni_y-darambu id. (Mand..); darmbu, darambu_, dharmbu id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 3092). toroc ashes; digir id. (Santali.lex.)

4708.Lac: taram sealing-wax, lac (Mu_. A.)(Ta.lex.)

4709.Custom: dha_ro law, custom (G.)(CDIAL 6787). dham.mapekha regard for morality (As'.); dhamek name of the stu_pa at Sa_rna_th (H.); dharmya customary (Mn.); endowed with qualities (Kat.hUp.); a customary donation (Pa_n..)(CDIAL 6759). dharma what is established, law, duty, right (AV.)(CDIAL 6753). dha_rmika righteous, just, virtuous; conformable to justice; dharma, damma that which is to be held fast or kept; duty; right, justice; propriety; usage, practice, custom; dharma-karta the superintendent of the expenses of a temple, of an alms-house etc.; dharmaka_rya an act of charity, of duty or religion (Ka.lex.) cf. tarugu brokerage or fees called custom (Te.)(DEDR 3090).

4710.Superintendent of peons: tarapta_r, tarapputa_ran- < tarfda_r inferior servant, as under a Tahsildar; taravu-k-ka_ran- one who executes the command of a chief (Kuruparam. Pak. 190); tarappu < taraf party, faction side; office-rank; government lands; ta_ro_ka_ < da_ro_gha (U.) superintendent of peons (Ta.lex.)

4711.Frontier post; customs officer: dran:ga frontier watch-station; udran:ga, udran:ka town; kudran:ga watch-house (Skt.); dram.ga frontier-post (NiDoc.); drang frontier station, toll house (K.); d.a~_gi_ customs officer (M.)(CDIAL 6615). daraja_sti an extra assessment, an extra tax (Ka.H.)(Ka.lex.)

4712.Winnow: tarse to be scattered by falling; ilat.akre hor.e idiet tahe_kana, gurente sanam tarse gotena he was carrying rice in a hat.ak by his falling it was all scattered; bae sambraolaka tarsekedae he could not hold it, he allowed it to fall and be scattered; taral basal scatterd, dispersed, here and there, sparse (Santali.lex.) tharan.a in cmpds. strewing (Pali); staran.a act of strewing (S'rS.)(CDIAL 13686). tharvu~ to spread straw for storing corn on (G.); starati strews (MBh.); starate_ overthrows (RV.)(CDIAL 13687). str.ttya to be strewn; to be overthrown (AitBr.)(CDIAL 13716). str.ti overthrowing (TS.); act of bestrewing (Skt.)(CDIAL 13715). ta_r-r-u (ta_r-r-i-) to sift, winnow; n. winnowing; ta_ttu (ta_tti-) to winnow; tar-i (-pp-, -tt-) to sift by a winnowing fan (Ta.); sa_runi, sa_riyuni to sift (Tu.); ta_l(u)cu to sift or separate larger particles from flour in a winnowing basket (Te.); dalngi ki- to winnow with a sideways motion (Pe.); dranzing, dra_zing to throw up in the air, winnow (Br.)(DEDR 3195).

4719.Image: little stool with a plate of sweetmeats: tarni_ little stool on which a plate of sweetmeats is set (H.)(CDIAL 5700).

4713.To pound; goldsmith's instrument for making gold-leaf: tharna_ goldsmith's instrument for making gold-leaf (H.)(CDIAL 13686). tharna_ to beat metal out with a small hammer (H.)(CDIAL 13687). tarukku (tarukki-) to pound, break, pierce, injure, torment (Ta.); tarakkuka to deprive rice of its husk (Ma.)(DEDR 3099). taykkuka (tacc-), takkuka, taikka to strike (Ma.); tac- to kill (animal)(Ko.); toc- to beat (To.)(DEDR 3089). talaut.a_, taraut.a_ lower millstone (Bi.)(CDIAL 5737). tioli lower millstone (WPah.)(CDIAL 5241). To strike: tallu (talli-) to beat, crush (Ta.); tallu a blow, stroke, beating; talluka to strike, beat; tallikka to cause to beat (Ma.); dalliyuni to slap, beat (Tu.); talgu to strike (Te.); talg- to strike, hit, hit the mark (Go.)(DEDR 3105). tal.isu to pound, beat, deprive rice of its bran by pounding (Ka.); talpuni to thresh as paddy; talu threshed, beaten; ta_l.pu to knock, shake off (Tu.); dalsa_na_ to pound (with fists or club), thresh with a flail; dalsa_na_, dolsa_na_ to pound (Go.); talappa a stroke, slap with the palm (Apabhram.s'a)(DEDR 3130). talati fixes, accomplishes; ta_layati (Dha_tup.); talita placed (Skt.); tel to throw (Wot..); tilai to place, put on (Gaw.); tal to place, put, pour out, strike (Bshk.); talu_sa to throw, pour (Tor.); tal, thal to throw (Sv.)(CDIAL 5735).

4714.Image: panther: tarup an animal of the tiger kind, a leopard; napr.ak tarup, maran. tarup a tiger; pot.ea tarup a small species of leopard; sona cita tarup a leopard; kurse baha tarup a panther (Santali.lex.) cf. bolpo, bolpya_ panther (Kon.lex.) taraccha, taracchi [Skt. taraks.u, taraks.a] hyena (Pali.lex.) Image: leopard: turuka_ small tiger, leopard (Or.Bastar); patara turuki wolf, hyena (Or.); taraks.u hyena (VS.); tiger (S'ukas.); taraks.uka, taraks.a hyena (VarBr.S.); wolf (Npr.); taraccha hyena (Pali.Pkt.); tarakh, tarkh (L.); taras (H.G.M.); tara_s (M.); tarasa_ (Si.)(CDIAL 5698). taraks.u hyena (VS. xxiv.40; TS. v.5.19) (Vedic.lex.) taraks.u the striped hyena (Skt.Ka.); a tiger, vya_ghra (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) taraks.u = mr.ga_dana a hunting leopard; a hyena (Ka.lex.) tarakku < taraks.u tiger (tar..ar-kat.t.arakkin- : Kalla_. 3,17); hyena (W.)(Ta.lex.) Image: leopard: tarup felis pardus; felis leopardus (Santali.lex.)

4715.Image: ridicule: tarjana threatening, blaming; censuring; pointing at in ridicule or contempt; putting to shame; wrath, anger (Ka.lex.)

4716.Grind, rub: tarepu, tal.epu to grind, rub (Tu.lex.) tarv- (tard-) to become abraded by moving over rough surface or having something rubbed over it; (tart-) id. (Ko.); tar-i to be chafed, abraded or grazed (Ka.)(DEDR 3141). cf. tarca_na_, tar.c- to scrape (Go.)(DEDR 3146). tarakalu, taraku, tarasu, orasalu, daraku roughness of surface, unsmoothness (as that of cloth, stones, vessels, palnks, leaves), unevenness (of soil); grittiness; grit (that is involuntarily produced in pounding rice)(Ka.); taru (Ma.); caracarappu (Ta.)(Ka.lex.)

4717.Broker: tarakan- broker (Cilap. 14, 209, Urai.)(Ta.); tarakan (Ma.); taraku brokerage, fee, commission to a middleman (Cilap. 1,209); taraku (Ma.); taragu (Ka.); taraku discount allowed in cash payment; broker; an ancient tax levied from brokers (S.I.I. ii,509); taraku-pa_t.t.am id. (S.I.I. ii,521)(Ta.lex.)

4718.A measure: taraku a measure = 2 pat.i (W.)(Ta.); taraku-k-ka_cu wages of a person who measures out grain to a purchaser (Ta.lex.) Imag: balance: tara_, tara_si balance (instrument)(Kon.lex.) tarju tula a balance (Santali.lex.) tara_su, tra_su a balance, scales (Ka.); tara_ju_ (M.H.)(Ka.lex.)

4720.Young: tarun.a afreshly arisen, newly born, young (RV. viii.43.7)(Vedic.lex.)

4721.Opportune time: ter-u (ter-uv-, ter-r--) to tarry (Ta.); tet-- (tet-y-) opportunity or time is, be possible (with dative of person); tepn well, in good circumstances, not widowed (said of the priest)(Ko.); tet-- (tet-y-) leisure is; ter-n opportunity, right moment (To.)[cf. tarun.a young, tender (RV.Pali.Pkt.); tarun. young (G.); tarn.a_ young (M.); tarno (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 5712)]; ter-apu, ter-ahu, terpu leisure, opportunity; ter-avu leisure; teppage, teppane at leisure, at ease, comfortable, well (Ka.); te_pa a time (e.g. ren.d.u te_palu twice)(Te.); tepka (< tek-p-; tekt-) to have time for, overtake (Kui)(DEDR 3439). tar-uva_y seasonable time, opportunity (OK.); taruva_yi id. (Te.); taruva_y seasonable time, opportunity (Perun.. Vattava. 9,55); tar-uva_y occasion, particular juncture, crisis (Ta.); taruva_ya id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.)

4722.Image: wave: taran:ga a wave (Pali.lex.); taran:kam < taran:ga wave, billow (Periyapu. Tat.utta_t.. 165); ocean (As.t.ap. Tiruve_n:kat.attan. 56)(Ta.lex.)

4723.Grade: taro sort, kind, class (Tu.); tara (Skt.)(Tu.lex.) tarja_ < darja (U.) grade, rank, class; taram (Ta.lex.)

4724.Image: fish: taru a small kind of fish (Tu.lex.)

4726.Boat: Ötar to press through, cross water, cross over difficulties (RV. vii.65.3); tara the act of going across (RV. ii.13.12)(Vedic.lex.) tarvot.i sailor; ta_ru, ta_rva_ ship; duvra_cen ta_ru steamer; sid.a_ce ta_ru sailing vessel (Kon.lex.) taritatta the fact of having traversed, crossed or passed through; taran.a going across, passng over, traversing (Pali.lex.) tar ferry boat, raft (G.M.); tari boat (Pali.Pkt.); raft of pots (S.); boat, raft (Or.); tari_ boat (MBh.Pkt.); tarika, tarika_ (Skt.); taro boat (G.); tarki_ triangular raft of reeds supported on pots (L.)(CDIAL 5696). tara carrying across (Pa_n..gan.a)(CDIAL 5696); crossing, passage (RV.); road (Skt.); ku_r-ter, a_bo_-ter ford (Ash.); ao-ter (Kt.); tar path (L.); tara_ fordableness (B.); tari_ journey by water (P.G.M.); turu journey (Si.)(CDIAL 5695). Ferry fee: ta_r ferry fee, crossing a river (K.); beyond one's depth (of water)(L.); bank of a river, opposite bank, end (G.); ta_ra carrying across (VS.); descent to a river (AV.); ta_ra_ ford, fordableness (M.); tara crossing over, road (Si.); tiro-ta_ro payment (N.); ta_r swimming (Skt.)(CDIAL 5793). Ferryman: ta_rya_ ferryman (M.); ta_rin enabling to cross (MBh.); ta_rika ferryman (Vis.n.uP.)(CDIAL 5799). Deliverer: ta_raka rescuing (MBh.); helmsman (Skt.); float, raft (Skt.); ta_raya taking across (Pkt.); ta_ro deliverer (S.); ta_ra_ swimmer (L.); ta_ro strong swimmer (G.); tara float, raft (Si.)(CDIAL 5794). cf. To cross: a_r. to cross; ar.ip- (ar.it-) to make to cross (Pa.); ahka_na_, ahaka_na_ to cross, pass over; ahk gar.m on the other side (Go.)(DEDR 289). Pay, repay: ta_rayati causes to arrive at (AV.); leads across (Kaus'.); rescues (Mn.); ta_re_ti takes across (Pali); ta_re_i (Pkt.); ta_ri to cross (Gaw.); tareik to deliver, to pass to, hand to (Kho.); taroiki to take across; tarizoiki to cross (Sh.); ta_ran.u to cause to swim, save (S.); ta_ran. to discharge, pay; to float, lift up, pay (L.); ta_rn.a_ to cause to swim, convey across, pay the taxes of a village, discharge a debt (P.); ta_rn.o to take across a river, help ford, save, repay (Ku.); ta_rnu to take across, ferry over (N.); ta_riba to save (A.); ta_ra_ (B.); ta_riba_ to take across (Or.); ta_ral to save (Bhoj.); ta_rai takes across (OAw.); ta_rna_ to enable to cross, save (H.); ta_rvu~ to bring to the surface, raise, preserve (G.); ta_rn.e~ to take across (M.)(CDIAL 5796). Deposited pledge; mutual giving and taking: cf. dharn.o to hold, place, deposit (Ku.); dharnu (A.); dhariba (A.); dharati holds, keeps (Dha_tup.); dharna_ to keep, place, pledge (H.); dharn.o (Marw.); dharab to put down (Aw.)(CDIAL 6747). ta_ran.a crossing, safe passage, surmounting of difficulties (MBh.); taking across (Pkt.); ta_ran the sending across (N.); tiran-ta_ran squaring of accounts; sa_ran-ta_ran mutual giving and taking (N.); ta_ran. taking across, preservation, deposited pledge (G.); ta_ran. deposit made against a debt or other agreement (M.)(CDIAL 5795). Ford: ti_rtha ford, steps to a river, place of pilgrimage (RV.); tittha ford, descent to a river, landing place (Pkt.Pali); tithu place of residence, end (S.)(CDIAL 5846). ta_ra rescuer (VS.); ta_rita ferried across (MBh.); a_ri_ helpless (P.)(CDIAL 199). atitarati crosses over (RV.Pali); aiyarai (Pkt.); yi_run to float about, drift whirling about, be distracted (K.)(CDIAL 205). abhitarate_ approaches (RV.); helnu to cause to wade (N.); hela_ to swim (B.); helna_ to float, swim (H.)(CDIAL 517). cf. uttarati passes over (MBh.); alights, descends (Skt.); utta_rayati makes descend (Skt.); uttarati crosses over, comes out (of water)(Pali)(CDIAL 1770). cf. utta_ra landing, delivery (MBh.); crossing over (Pali.Pkt.)(CDIAL 1791). Border: tri_i border (Kal.); tir. ford, crossing place of river or canal (L.)(CDIAL 5911). avatara further down (S'Br.); ora_ru the near side (S.); ure_re nearer (L.); urere a little on this side (P.); arere nearer (P.)(CDIAL 806). Fare: a_ta_ra fare for ferrying (Skt.); a_tara id. (Skt.); crossing a river (Skt.); a_tar, a_ta_r fare for being ferried (B.); a_tara (Or.)(CDIAL 1125). a_tirati overcomes (RV.); ora_na_ to be completed (H.)(CDIAL 1129). sou ter.i_ste_i a bridge has been laid (Ash.); pa_-tero_m I crossed a river; pres. pa_n-te_ri_m (Ash.)(CDIAL 5909). cf. tat.a slope, shore (MBh.); tar. land (as opposed to water), bank (Ku.); tir. sloping bank cut out of steep sides of a river etc. for landing or for watering cattle, landing place, ford (L.); ter. bank, edge, end (G.)(CDIAL 5629). tirate_ crosses over, sails across (RV.); te_run to conquer, gain prestige (K.); tirn.u_ to swim (WPah.); tiraun.o to cause to be passed over, to omit (Ku.); tirai swims across, floats; tirab to come near (OAw.); tirna_ to cross over, swim (H.); tirn.e~ to swim, float (M.); te_run. to swim (L.); tairna_ to swim, float (H.)(CDIAL 5821). ti_ra shore, bank (AitBr.Pali.Pkt.OAw.OMarw.); ti_r river bank (K.); ti_ru (S.); ti_r (Ku.Mth.); id. (H.G.M.); tir (N.A.B.); tira (Or.); tera (Si.)(CDIAL 5842). ti_rn.a one who has crossed (MBh.); fulfilled, completed (MBh.); ati_rn.a endless (RV.); tin.n.a one who has crossed (Pali.Pkt.); trinun to become or be prosperous in having many sons, grandsons etc.; cf. te_run to gain prestige (K.)(CDIAL 5845). cf. ti_rtha fords, steps to a river, place of pilgrimage (RV.)(CDIAL 5846). Float, raft: tarih., tari_h. a boat; tarikah. a ferry-man; a float, raft; tarika_ a boat; tarikin a ferry-man; taritram, taritri_, tarin.i_ a boat, ship; tari_s.ah. a boat, raft; the ocean; work, business, practice, profession; a fine shape or form; ta_rakah. carrying-over; ta_rakah. a pilot, helmsman; ta_ran.a enabling to cross; crossing; carrying or conveying across; ta_ran.ih., ta_ran.i_ a float, raft; ta_rikam freight; ta_rita made to cross, conveyed across; ta_rin enabling to cross; ta_rya to be crossed, passable; ta_ryam fare, freight, toll; ti_rn.a crossed, passed over; taranti_ a boat; tarad a boat; taran.yati to cross over; taran.d.ah a boat; taran.d.am a raft or float made of bamboos tied together and floated on jars or inverted hollow gourds; an oar; taran.d.a-pa_da_ a kind of boat; taran.ah. a boat, raft; crossing over; taran.i passing through; taran.i_ a raft, boat; taran.i-pe_t.kah. an oval bowl of wood for baling a boat; tara crossing; passing over, passage; freight; a ferry-boat (Skt.); tara-pan.yikah. one who received the freight; tara-stha_nam a landing-place, wharf; tr._ to cross over, cross; to sail across, navigate (as a river); to float, swim (Skt.lex.) taran.a raft, boat (Skt.); crossing; nadi_-taran.a (Ka_tyS'r.); su-taran.a (RV.); taran.i_ boat (Skt.); taran.a passing over (Pali); crossing, swimming (Pkt.); taran. crossing a river (H.); floating, swimming (G.); taran.a, taran.i boat (Pkt.); tarni_ boat (H.); taran., tarn.i_ boat (G.)(CDIAL 5700). tarati crosses (e.g. a river), escapes (RV.); floats, swims (VarBr.S.); crosses (Pali); tarai crosses, swims, is able (Pkt.); pa_n-ter- to pass, cross (Ash.); pe_-tr (Wg.); tar- (Dm.); torik (1 sg. tarim) to reach, arrive, become ripe (Kho.); taroiki (1 sg. ta_ram) to cross (Sh.); tarun (K.); taran.u to cross, escape, float, swim (S.); taran. to swim; tarun. (L.); tarna_ (P.); tarn.o to cross, ford (Ku.); tarnu to cross, float, swim (N.); tariba to cross over, descend, escape (A.); tara_ to cross, escape (B.); tariba_ to cross, escape (a difficulty)(Or.); tarai crosses (OAw.); tarna_ (H.); tara_na_ to make cross, make swim (H.); tarvu~ to surmount, float over, swim (G.); tarn.e~ (M.); tarna_ to be saved (H.)[intr. formed from ta_r-]; taranava_ to cross (a river)(Si.); taran. to be paid (L.)(CDIAL 5702). cf. taru to give to 1st or 2nd person (Tol. Coll. 1.29)(DEDR 3098). talapu, talupu to reach, come to hand, be received, arrive; talapisu to cause to reach (Ka.); talapuni to arrive, reach (Tu.)(DEDR 3102). For semant. 'able' in Pkt. cf.: tarabe_tu able, skilled; education, training (Ka.Te.); tarabe_ja, tarabe_ta (M.H.)(Ka.lex.) taritra oar (MBh.); taret float on fishing line, buoy (H.); tar.er.a_ id. (H.)(CDIAL 5709). Getting across: nistaran.a coming out (Skt.); nistaran.a getting across (Pali); n.ittharan.a going through or across (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7527). nittharati crosses over (Pali)(CDIAL 7528). nista_rayati delivers from (Mn.); nitta_re_ti, nittha_re_ti brings through (Pali); n.ittha_re_i takes across, saves, lets go (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7532).

4727.Moving to and fro: tarala, taral.a moving to and fro, tembling, fickle (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cf. tal.ampu to stagger (Ta.); tar-alu to move, shake (Te.)(DEDR 3128). dharpar.ao to toss from side to side (Santali.lex.) Dragging: dardarn noise of dragging something along ground (Ko.); dara dara, jara jara noise in dragging anything on the ground (Ka.); daradara noise of dragging (Tu.)(DEDR 3093). Boat: cf. taran.i_ boat (Skt.)(CDIAL 5700). cf. taro boat (G.)(CDIAL 5696). tr._ to cross over, cross; tara crossing; freight; a ferry-boat; taran.i-pa_n.yika one who receives the freight; taran.a a boat, raft; crossing over; an oar; taran.i-pe_t.aka an oval bowl of wood for baling a boat; taran.d.a a boat; a raft or float made of bamboos tied together and floated on jars or inverted hollow gourds; an oar; taran.d.a-pa_da_ a kind of boat; tarat. a boat; taranti_ a boat; tari, tari_ a boat; tarika a ferry-man; a float, raft; tarika_ a boat; tarikin a ferry-man; tari_ a small wooden baling-vessel; taritram, taritri_, tarin.i_ a boat, ship; tari_s.a a boat, raft; the ocean; ta_raka a pilot, helmsman; ta_ryam fare, freight, toll (Skt.) (Skt.lex.) taran.i crossing over; moving forwards; a float, a raft, a boat; tara passing over or beyond, crossing, passing, freight (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: sun: taran.i the sun (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

4729.Image: star: ta_ra_ fixed star (Ya_j.); ta_rah. nom. pl. (RV.); ta_raka_ star (AV.); ta_raka belonging to the stars (VS.); ta_ra_ star (Pali.Pkt.); ta_r star (Wot..Bhsk.); ta_ (Tor.Kand.); ta_ra f. pl., ta_r-gan (K.); ta_raka_ (Pali); ta_raya_ (Pkt.); ta_r (Wg.); ta_ra (Gaw.Mai.Sv.); tare_ (Sv.); ta_rei (Sh.); ta_ri star (Kal.); ta_ro star (D..); ta_ra (Pas'.); le_toro_ (Pas'.); to_ru, pl. to_ra (Phal.); ta_ro, ta_ru (Sh.); ta_ro (S.Ku.N.G.); ta_ra_ (L.P.A.B.Or.Mth.OAw.H.M.); ta_ro_, ta_ra_ (WPah.); taruva (Si.); tari (Md.)(CDIAL 5798). ta_rah. pl. collection of stars (RV.); tajur.i_, taj star (Pas'.)(CDIAL 5800).

4730.Image: umbilical vein: dhara_ womb (Bhpr.)(CDIAL 6749). dharitri_ female carrier (VS.)(CDIAL 6750). cf. da_ra woman (OAw.)(CDIAL 6293). Image: displacement of the umbilical vein: dhar umbilical vein, its displacement (P.); dhar-naro tendon Achilles (N.); dhar artery (A.); dhar rope (H.); dhara_ womb (Bhpr.); vein or other tubular vessel (Skt.)(CDIAL 6749). dharan.i_ vein in the body (Skt.); dharan umbilical vein, its painful displacement (P.)(CDIAL 6745). Image: rope: cf. tal.e, dal.e loop of rope, noose (Kod..); dal.e to join by sewing together, seam (Ka.); tal.ai (-v-, -nt-) to fasten, bind, chain (Ta.); talugu, talagu tether or halter for cattle (Te.)(DEDR 3133). cf. ta_r, ta_ram cord, rope (Ta.); da_ra string, thread (Ka.Tu.); waist-band, girdle (Te.)(DEDR 3167). dharitri_ female carrier (VS.)(CDIAL 6750).

4731.Image:strings of a lute: ta_ram one of the seven strings of the lute (Pin..)(Ta.lex.)

4732.Receptacle: dha_ran vessel into which flour falls from the millstones (Phal.)(CDIAL 6789). dha_ra in cmpds. holding; dha_raka receptacle; dha_rika_ prop (Skt.)(CDIAL 6787). tarmuccil, tarmucci, harmuccil a wooden lid (plate) used to drain off water by placing it on the vessel of boiled rice and bending it over another vessel at a lower level to which the boiled rice water runs out (Tu.lex.) tar, taru, ta_r to lead or conduct near or somewhere near (Ka.lex.)

4733.Support; prop: dhara usu. in cmpd.: holding, supporting (MBh.); dor hopper of a mill (Kho.); dhor (Kal.); dho_r (Phal.); dara, daras prop (K.); dhare ja_n.a_ to be imprisoned (P.); dhar embankment, boundary (A.); dhari_ a support (G.); dhar power of holding, hold (M.); dharar., dharar.o scaffold (Ku.)(CDIAL 6740). dhara_t. special deck in a boat (MB.)(CDIAL 6741). Image: holding up: dha_ran.a, dha_ra the act of holding, bearing, upholding, keeping, wearing, supporting; the act of sustaining, preserving, maintaining, protecting; dha_raka a post, a pillar; dha_ra holding, bearing (Ka.lex.) Debtor: dharan.a the sitting by a creditor fasting at his debtor's door to enforce payment (Pkt.); dharn.o (S.Ku.); dharna_ basnu so to sit (N.); dharna_, dhanna_ (B.); dharan.a_ (Or.); dharna_ (H.); dharn.u~ (G.); dharn.e~ (M.); dharn.i_ last and fatal stage of a cattle-disease (consisting of constipation)(Ku.)(CDIAL 6742). dha_ran.aka debtor (Ya_j.Pali); dharam.naga id. (NiDoc.)(CDIAL 6790). darun to fast; to become steady or firm (K.)(CDIAL 6747). dha_re on credit (A.)(CDIAL 6795). dharao, dharua to incur debt; nidharua free from debt; dharna mode of extorting payment; dharua a debtor (Santali.lex.) dharan.a supporting (VS.); prop (Skt.); in cmpd. supporting (Pali); support (Pkt.) dharun.a adj. and n. (RV.); dharan. timber (Ku.); dharan large beam (N.); dharna_ beam; dharni cross-beam, ligature to prevent spread of snake-poison (A.); dharan cross-beam supporting ridge-pole (Bi.); dharan.a_ prop (Or.); dharna_ beam over well on which drawer stands (Bi.); dharan. dam (G.M.); dharan beam for pressing indigo (Mth.); dharan.-kha~_b the main post reaching from ground to roof (M.)[cf. ka_mpu flower-stak, shaft (Ta.); stalk, stem (Ma.)(DEDR 1454)](CDIAL 6742). dharati holds, keeps (Dha_tup.)[pres. st. formed from fut. dharis.ye_ (AV.); inf. dhartum, dadha_ra (RV.); dharati holds, supports; continues (Pali); dharai holds, catches (Pkt.); ther, ter to hold, have; ther, ter to stand; thar to have (Gypsy); durren to survive (Wg.); la- pret. lyo to have (Pr.); daro it is (Dm.); dhar to remain, stay (Pas'.Par.); daredal (Psht.); dar- (Wot..); dorik to hold, keep, rear (a child), set (a trap); to wait, rest (Kho.); de_ri_ they remained (Tor.); dharan.u to place, keep (S.); dharan., dharun. (L.); dharna_ (P.); dharn.o to hold, place, deposit (Ku.); dharnu (N.); dhariba (A.); dhara_ to hold, catch; to contine, hold off, cease (of rain)(B.); dhariba_ to hold (Or.) dharab, pp. dhail (Mth.); dharab to put down (Aw.); dharna_ to keep, place, pledge (H.); dharn.o (Marw.); dharvu~ to hold, catch (G.); dharn.e~ to hold; to sit on, stick to (M.); dharta_ holds (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 6747). dha_rayati holds, carries, keeps (RV.); dha_re_ti carries, gives, owes (Pali); dhareti owes (NiDoc.); dha_re_i pres. part. dha_rim.ta, dha_ram.ta holds, owes (Pkt.); mui gi_ da_rum I had beaten (Gaw.) dha_r to keep (pret. dharila < dharita)(Kal.); darik to hold, bear, endure (Kho.); da_run to place, have on loan, owe (K.); dha_ran.u to have, keep, rear, engage (a servant)(S.) dha_rna_ to keep, wear, take on oneself, owe (P.); dha_rnu_ to support, rear (WPah.); dha_ra_ to be indebted, owe (B.); dha_riba_ to be in debt to, owe (Or.); dha_rai_ holds, places (OAw.); dha_rvu~ to consider, guess, stare at (G.); dha_rna_ to hold, have, support, owe (H.); dha_rai supports (OMarw.); daranava_ (pret. druva_ < dha_rita) to support, suffer (Si.); da_r to have, hold (Pas'.)(CDIAL 6791). dha_rayitavya to be held (Skt.) dha_re_yavva (Pkt.); dha_rva~_ that which is kept selected (esp. of the sheaf selected by the reaper as his wages)(L.)(CDIAL 6792). dha_ran.a keeping (Pkt.); act of holding (S'Br.); dha_ran.a_ id. (MBh.); fixed rule (Mn.); limit (Pkt.); dha_ran.a_ lintel of doorway or window, prop (Or.); dha_ran. holding (G.); prop, support of a building, weighing, weight (G.); dha_rn.iyo prop, pillar (G.); dha_ran., dha_rn.i_ main post from ground to roof (M.); daran.uva_ circle of twined canes to place vessels on (Si.)(CDIAL 6789). dha_r hollow tree inserted into a well to keep it from falling in (H.); dha_ra_ veranda (Kal.)(CDIAL 6787). dha_rita borne, held (TA_r.); dhariya (Pkt.); dharila guarded (Pkt.); dha_ryo supported (OMarw.); druva_ bore (Si.)(CDIAL 6795). dhara suppport, prop (S.)(CDIAL 6748). dhartra prop, support (VS.)(CDIAL 6752). dhr.ta held, supported (RV.); worn (MBh.); weighed (MBh.); dhata firm, resolved (Pali); thil to hold, grasp (Gypsy); dhail held (pp. of dharab)(Mth.); dhar.a_ cloak (B.)(CDIAL 6872). dhr.ti holding, firmness (RV.); dhiti steadfastness (Pali); dhiti id. (As'.); dhii, dihi (Pkt.); driy solemn obligation, vow (K.); dhiya_ fortitude (M.)(CDIAL 6873). dhr.ti satisfaction (Skt.); dhar peace (N.); satisfaction (G.); dhi_t satisfaction, satiety (Ku.); dhit satisfaction, trust (N.); dhad. well-being; dhad.a_ satisfaction (M.)(CDIAL 6873a).

4734.Frightened: darati is frightened (Dha_tup.); d.arai fears; daria, d.aria frightened (Pkt.); der- to fear; pp. derino (Gypsy); d.arun (K.); d.aran.u (S.); d.aran. (L.); d.arna_ (P.); d.aran. scarecrow; d.ara_i threat (WPah.); d.arn.o to fear (Ku.); d.arnu (N.); d.ariba (A.); d.ara_ (B.); d.ariba_ (Or.); d.arab (Aw.); d.arna_ (H.); d.arn.o (Marw.); d.arvu~ (G.); d.arn.e~ (M.); d.arapna_ to be afraid (H.); d.arapai (OMarw.); d.arapvu~ (G.)(CDIAL 6190). dara fear (MBh.); d.ara (Pkt.); d.ar (K.); d.aru (S.); d.ar (L.P.Ku.N.A.B.); d.ara (Or.); d.ar (Mth.Bhoj.Aw. H.Marw.G.M.); d.arakka_ alarm (H.)(CDIAL 6186). Image: split: da_ran.a splitting, tearing asunder; opening, bursting; kraunca-da_ran.a the splitter of the kraunca hill: Skanda (Ka.lex.) di_ryate_ is split (S'Br.); is dispersed (of an army)(MBh.); is frightened (Dha_tup.); di_rn.a rent (S'a_n:khS'r.); frightened (MBh.); d.rijan.u to be afraid; d.riju fear; d.rijin.u timid; d.reja_ran.u to frighten (S.); a-din.n.a not broken (Pali); dri_ra cracked; derino feared (Gypsy); d.rino pp. of d.rijan.u (S.)(CDIAL 6373). To tremble: tirg- to tremble (Nk.); tir-, tirv-, tiri- id.; tirk- to shudder, throb (pulse); tirbir-, tirbir er- to tremble (Pa.); tirg- id.; tirg- (tirig-) to shiver (Ga.); tirg- to tremble (Kond.a); tri_g- (tri_kt-) id.; tripka- (< trik-pa-) to be startled (Pe.); tri_g- to tremble (Mand..); tirga (tirgi-) to shiver, tremble; n. shivering, trembling; trikna in a startled manner; triki inba to be startled (Kui); tr.i_gali to shiver; tri_ginai to tremble; trig- (-it-) to shiver (Kuwi)(DEDR 3253).

4735.Trembling; collective body of living things: tartaro, tartarya_ tremble; tartar to shiver; tartarai cause trembling; tartarountso id.; terrible (Kon.lex.) uttrasati is afraid (Skt.); uttrasta frightened (Skt.); apatrasati flees in terro (RV.); uttasati is frightened (Pali); uttasai (Pkt.); ucoiki to run away (Sh.); utrasta, uttasta frighteed (Pali); uttattha (Pkt.); ucutus I ran away (Si.)(CDIAL 1801). uttra_sa fear; uttra_saka scaring (Skt.); utta_sa (Pali.Pkt.); uca_o scare-crow (Sh.)(CDIAL 1802). tras tremble (Skt.); trasa trembling (n. collective body of living things)(MBh.); tasa living beings (Pkt.); trauh alarm (P.); t.raharu shying horse (S.); tarahar. timid (L.); trus avalanche (Kt.)(CDIAL 6005). trasati trembles, is afraid (RV.); tarasanti_ pres. part. trembling (RV.); trasyati (Dha_tup.); tasati trembles, is afraid (Pali); tasai fears (Pkt.); trasun to become afraid (K.); t.rahan.u to shy, be frightened (S.); tarahan. to be timid (L.); traihn.a_ to be startled (P.); tahikn.a_ to be frightened (P.); pp. tasita (Pali); tasia (Pkt.); tre_ terrified (L.); cayo_nu, co_nu, cuzo_nu to be cold (Sh.); tarsun to be afraid (K.); tarahan. to be timid (L.); tarsanu, tarchanu to be afriad; caus. tarsa_unu, tarcha_unu, tarso terror; tarsuwa_ nervous (N.); tarachiba_ to take sudden fright (Or.); tra_svu~ to be vexed (G.); tras' to fear; tras'av to frighten (Gypsy); tra_svu~ (G.); traharun to become alarmed (K.)(CDIAL 6006). trasana alarm (Skt.); tasan.a trembling (Pkt.); t.rahin.o shy, starting (S.)(CDIAL 6007). trasta frightened, trembling (MBh.); tattha (Pkt.); tat.t.ha (Pkt.); t.rat.ho pp. of t.rahan.u (S.); trat.t.ha_ frightened (L.); tra_t.ha (OG.)(CDIAL 6008). ttiya fear, trembling (Si.)(CDIAL 6009). tra_sa fear (MBh.); ta_sa fear, trembling (Pali.Pkt.); tras-a (NiDoc.); tro_s ice (Ash.); s'a~kur ice (Dm.); istro_s ice (Dm.); isu icy (Av.); trus avalanche (Kt.); tro_s (Wg.); tra_s terror (K.); t.ra_hu, t.ra_ha start, timidity (S.); tra~_ dread (L.); tara_h alarm, consternation (P.); t.l.a_hakar. restive bullock (WPah.); tra_s fear, vexation (G.); ca_ cold (Sh.); tramo_nc cold, fever (Kal.)(CDIAL 6013). tra_sayati makes tremble, frightenes (MBh.); ta_sia frightened (Pkt.); t.ra_han.u to frighten, startle (S.); tra_hn.a_ id.; ta_hn.a_ to drive (P.); ta_sa_ to brush, dust, shuffle (cards)(B.); ta~_sna_ to terrify, threaten, treat severely (H.); ta_sad.n.e~ to abuse (M.)(CDIAL 6014). aral. (aral.v-, aran.t.-), arul. (arul.v-,arun.t.-) to be terrified; arat.t.u (arat.t.i-), arut.t.u (arut.t.i-) to terrify, frighten; n. fear; arat.t.i fear; arut.t.i quaking, trembling, agitation; arat.ci, arut.ci confusion of mind, bewilderment; aruku (aruki-), arukku (arukki-) to be afraid (Ta.); aral.uka to shrink; arat.t.uka to frighten, alarm (Ma.); arkl fear because discovery of one's misdeeds is expected, feeling of anxiety about getting a living, sorrow because of bereavement (Ko.); aral., aral.a, arulu, arulu, arlu, aralu bewilderment, terror, fear; are, aremare, aremarike hesitation, doub (Ka.); naran:guni to waver, hesitate, be reluctant; naraguri a sheepish man, coward; naren:guni to hesitate; naren.ele a dull, tardy, slow, hesitating man (Tu.); aragali hesitation, doubt; aramara, aramarika id., consciousness of being a stranger; arava_yi diffidence, hesitation (Te.); ari fear; ars- (arast-) to fear; arp- (arapt-), arsip- (arsipt-), arplip- to terrify (Kol.); ari fear; ars- to fear; artip- to terrify (Nk.); ari- fea; arus-/ars- to fear; arup-/arp- to frighten (Nk.); nar fear; narc- to fear; narpip- (narpit-) to frighten (Pa.); nar fear; narsj- to fear; narupp- (narupt-) to terrify; nbar fear; narc- to fear (Ga.); arkare to be terrified; arkatre to terrify (Malt.); narring to flee, run away (Br.)(DEDR 3605). a_tas fear, anxiety (N.)(CDIAL 1137).

4736.Liquid: taral liquid, fluid (A.); taral.a liquid, melted (Or.)(CDIAL 5703). taral.atana, taralate tremulousness, shaking; unsteadiness (Ka.lex.) cf. drava liquid (Skt.lex.) Cream: tari_ floating layer (Skt.); tarika_ skin on milk (VS.); tar cream (N.G.); tariya cream on milk (Pkt.); tari_ oily substance floating on soup or similar liquids (P.); tari_t (P.)(CDIAL 5710). thara cream (Pkt.); tharu, thari_ (S.); thiri_, tharri_, thari_ (L.); thar skin on boiled milk (P.); thar cream (WPah.N.)(CDIAL 13685). dai heap of corn or straw (on threshing floor)(Kho.); dai fat on the top of soup (Sh.); dau fat meat (Sh.); day fat, stout (Burushaski) (CDIAL 6786). Sour: trui-zu_ sour milk (Kt.); terpkiy sour (Russ.); tri_w (Psht.); trifs' (Parthian.Iranian); trus'p (Bal.); turus' sour (Pers.); trui-zer sour milk (Wg.); tru-chi_ra (Dm.); trua-chi_r, dui-ci_r (Pas'.); duzan-chir (Gaw.); trun.u-chi_r (Phal.); tre_ salt (Tir.)(CDIAL 5930). Pungent: tr.pra pungent (RV.); salty (Ka_tyS'r.); tr.pradam.s'in (AV.); tfr a kind of cheese (Parthian.Iranian); tarf white milk cheese (Pers.)(CDIAL 5934). cf. tayir curds (Ta.); takra buttermilk (Skt.)(DEDR 3088).

4737.Axe; image: fence rails; weaver's beam: tar-i wooden post, stake, weaver's loom, a kind of axe (Ta.) [tar-icer-i kal.iru mace_n- : Tiruva_ca. 35,8); pillar, column; kan-kan-er-r-un tar-iyit.ai (Kantapu. Val.l. i.15); peg; kot.untar-ic cilampi va_n-u_l valantana tu_n:ka (Net.unal. 58); tar-i-y-ar-ai to drive down stakes (Ta.lex.)]; post, stick, hedge-stake, weaver's loom, cutting (Ma.); tayr, tary fence-rails between which and the posts brush is filled in (Ko.)(DEDR 3140). cf. accu weaver's reed or stay (Ma.)(DEDR 48). tar-i-maram web beam, wooden revolving bar round which the woven cloth is wound (Ta.lex.)

4738.Image: to lie in wait: ta_r-u, ta_ru to lurk, lie in wait (Te.); tar-uku to linger, loiter (Ta.); ta_ri to wait (Kor.)(DEDR 3193).

4739.Bobbin: ta_r-u-k-kan.t.u weaver's shuttle; weaver's bobbin, reel (Ta.lex.) turi weaver's beam (S.); tur beam of a loom (P.); tu_r, tura_i_ toggle, weaver's beam (G.); turi_ toggle, nail pointed at both ends (G.); tu_r, turai_ id., weaver's beam (M.)(CDIAL 5880). tar-i button-hook, clasp of thread or metal; tar-i-k-kit.an:ku weaver's loom-pit; tar-i-k-kit.ai thrum in a weaver's loom, fringe of threads in a loom; tar-i-put.avai a tax on looms (S.I.I. iii,115); tar-i-y-ir-ai id.; tar-i-pat.uku warp of a loom (Te. pad.ugu); tar-i-maram web beam, wooden revolving bar round which the woven cloth is wound (Ta.lex.) tar-i-po_t.u to weave cloth in a loom (Ta.lex.) Weaver's reed or stay; Image: comb-like frame; to dye : accu-t-tar-i (inscr. 13th cent. S.I.I i,64; the inscr. also refers to saligaitar-i (a loom used by Saliya weavers?); par-ai-t-tar-i (cf. par-ai-t-tun.i coarse cloth); tu_cakai-t-tari (tu_cu cf. du_s.ya cloth, garment; cotton). accu-tar-i, accu-ttar-i a variety of loom; tax payable on looms (Ta.)(SITI, IEG.) par-ai-t-tar- i a variety of handloom; tax for the same (Ta.)(SITI.IEG.) accu weaver`s reed instrument for pressing down the threads of the woof; comb-like frame in a loom through which the warp threads are passed and by which they are pressed or battened together (Ta.); weaver`s reed or stay (Ma.Ka.Te.); acci id. (Tu.)(DEDR 48). sa~r.a_ri rollers in machine for cleaning cotton (Bi.)(CDIAL 12902). a_cu small tube through which yarn is conducted from the spindle of a spinning wheel to a machine (Ta.lex.) accu-k-kat.t.i one who folds and ties cloth in dyeing, whereby any desired figure is printed (Cilap. 5,17, Arum.); accu-k-kat.t.u id., weaver's reed (Ta.lex.) accu-k-kat.t.i Indian country surgeon; accu-p-palakai weaver's bar; accu-p-pu_t.t.i-ir..u to pass the thread through the loom (Ta.lex.) Bobbin: ta_r-u weaver's bobbin, reel (Ta.); the arrow of weavers which holds the yarn (Ma.)(DEDR 3190). ta_r-i ra_t.t.in-am reeling machine; ta_rin-va_r..nan- weaver, as living by bobbin (Perun..Vattava.2,48); ta_rai thread-bareness; long reed instrument; ta_rai-p-pat.t.u striped silk (Ta.lex.) ta_l.u to tolerate (Ta.); wear well (Ka.); tal.e put on (as clothes)(Ka.); ta_l(u)cu to wear, put on (Te.)(DEDR 3188). ta_r-u, ta_r-u-pa_ycci-k-kat.t.u putting on a cloth in the fashion of the divided skirt, pin-kacca-k-kat.t.u; ta_r-u-k-kan.t.u weaver's shuttle; weaver's bobbin, reel; ta_r-u-cur-r-u to wind yarn on a bobbin or reel (Ta.lex.) ta_r-u wearing clothes tucked in (Ma.); tar-uka to wear tightly as a cloth; to fasten (Ta.Ma.)(Ta.lex.) tar-u to wear tightly as a cloth (Ta.); tar-ai to drive in (nails)(DEDR 3142). ta_rai-kavan.i a fine variety of striped muslin (Ta.); ta_rai-p-pat.t.u striped silk (Ta.lex.)

4741.Image: to churn (?use of a bow-drill); unsteady; tottering: ta_ralya unsteadiness (Skt.)(CDIAL 5797). tal.ar (-v-, -nt-) to droop, faint, grow weary, enfeebled, infirm, or decrepit, grow slack, become relaxed as a tie or grasp, become flabby from age; n. slackening; tal.arcci, tal.artti slackness, looseness, flexibility, weakness, infirmity, faintness, langour, depression, laziness, remissness; tal.arvu growing slack, relaxing, faintness, weakness, depression, sorrow; tal.arttu (tal.artti-) to loosen; tal.atal.a (-pp-, -tt-) to become loose, as a cloth worn upon the person (Ta.); tal.aruka to relax, slacken, be allayed, grow faint, weary; tal.arcca slackness, weariness, faintness; tal.arkka, tal.arttuka to moderate, abate (Ma.); tal.a.r- (tal.a.ry-) to take rest (Ko.); tal.e- (tal.ev-, tal.and-) to become weak; tal.at- (tal.ati-) to make weak, exhaust (Kod..); tal.abal.a, tal.amal.a exhaustion, weariness; dal.abal.a, dal.an:k loose (Tu.); talqro tender, delicate, weak (Malt.)(DEDR 3127). tal.ampu (tal.ampi-) to stagger, totter; tal.l.a_t.u (tal.l.a_t.i-) id. (Ta.); tal.ar to move, tremble, totter, move on or forward, start off, set out, depart; n. moving, trembling, tottering; tal.arcu to go away from a place, start, depart; teral. to move, stir, tremble, shake, quive, move forward, go, set out, depart; teral.ike, teral.ke moving, etc.; teral.icu, teral.cu to cause to move or tremble, cause to go away, etc. (Ka.); tal.abal.a, tal.amal.a alarm, agitation (Tu.); taralu to set out or start; tar-alu to move, shake; talaru id., be agitated, disturbed; teralu to start, set out, boil; terlu to boil, bubble up as water; teral(u)cu to remove, stir, cause to go; tala_ku to move, fear; n. motion, fear (Te.); ter-li (-t-) (water) to boil excessively (Kond.a); dalka to tremble (Mand..); tarala (Skt.)(DEDR 3128). tirg- to tremble (Nk.); tir-, tirv-, tiri- id.; tirk- to shudder, throb (pulse); tirbir-, tirbir er- to tremble (Pa.); tirg- id.; tirg- (tirig-) to shiver (Ga.); tirg- to tremble (Kond.a); tri_g- (tri_kt-) id.; tripka- (< trik-pa-) to be startled (Pe.); tri_g- to tremble (Mand..); tirga (tirgi-) to shiver, tremble; n. shivering, trembling; trikna in a startled manner; triki inba to be startled (Kui); tr.i_gali to shiver; tri_ginai to tremble; trig- (-it-) to shiver (Kuwi)(DEDR 3253). Trembling; ill; flabby; decrepit: tharathara_ya-ma_na trembling (BHSk.); tha_run to tremble (K.); thara trembling; tha_r trepidation (K.); thariba_ to tremble (Or.); thara_ a shiver (Or.); tharra trembling, convulsion (N.); tharr.a_i_ (G.); tharkan. to shake (L.); tharkan.u (S.); tharakn.a_ (P.); tharakiba (A.); tharakna_ (H.); tharakvu~ (G.); tharakn.e~ (M.); tharaharai feels giddy (Pkt.); tharra_n.o to tremble (Ku.); tharahari trembling (N.); tharahara shivering (Or.); tharhara_na_, tharra_na_ to tremble (H.); thara_r.n.e~ (M.); tharathare_di, tharattharai feels giddy (Pkt.); tha_rtha_r, thatharai shivering (Sh.); tho~_tharun to be flurried (K.); tharthara_un.a_ to tremble (P.); tharthara_n.o (Ku.); tharthara_unu (N.); tharthari trembling (A.); thartharna_ to quiver (H.); thartharvu~, thatharvu~ to tremble (G.); thartharn.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 6092). thalinu to be ill (N.); thalthala_un.a_ to shake (as flabby flesh)(P.); tharthalla_ earthquake (P.); thalthal shaking of loose flabby flesh (N.); thalthale marshy ground (N.); thalthal shaking (H.); flabbiness (B.); thalthalinu to shake (of flabby flesh)(N.); thalathala flabby (Or.); thalthal.n.e~ to shake flabbily (M.); thalthal flabbiness (M.)(CDIAL 6093). thurthuri convulsively (N.); thurthiriya_ tremulous with age (A.); thurthur trembling (B.); thurathura_ decrepit (Or.); thud.thud.n.e~ to tremble; thurthuravin.e~ to bristle up (M.)(CDIAL 6101). taralayati sets in tremulous motion; tarala_yate_ moves oneself to and fro (Skt.); taralita dangling, tremulous (S'a_rn.P.); tarale_i moves restlessly (Pkt.); pp. taralia (Pkt.); taral.iba_ to become soft (of heart), be melted (Or.); taral.n.e~, tara_l.n.e~ to wander wildly (of eyes)(M.)(CDIAL 5704). To creep; to go: tillati goes (Dha_tup.); tlel (Psht.); til- to go (Bshk.); till- (Gau.); til- to creep (Phal.)(CDIAL 5836). tavar.. (-v-, -nt-) to creep, crawl (as infants, lizards, snakes), leap and flow (as waves), extend, traverse, spread on all sides; tival. (tival.v-, tivan.t-) to move as on the ground (Ta.); tavir..uka to creep along (Ma.); tof- (tof0-) to go on all fours (To.); teval.u to creep along on the ground (Ka.); temalu to set out, stir, get ready to go, go away, slip, slide (Te.)(DEDR 3109). Image: to churn (?use of a bow-drill): tarala trembling, moving to and fro (MBh.); trembling, unsteady, restless (Pali.Pkt.); taral wantonly sportive; pl. amorous frolics (K.); tarala agitation (Si.)(CDIAL 5703). tari churning (Te.); tar(u)cu, traccu to churn, produce fire by rubbing two pieces of wood together (Te.); traccana churning (Te.); terip to churn (Pa.)(DEDR 3095). thara cream (Pkt.); tharu, thari_ (S.); thiri_, tharri_, thari_ (L.); thar skin on boiled milk (P.); thar cream (WPah.N.)(CDIAL 13685). dha_ya layer, stratum (Kaus'.); dai heap of corn or straw (on threshing floor)(Kho.); dai fat on the top of soup (Sh.); dau fat meat (Sh.); day fat, stout (Burushaski)(CDIAL 6786). tari_ floating layer (Skt.); tarika_ skin on milk (VS.); tar cream (N.G.); tariya cream on milk (Pkt.); tari_ oily substance floating on soup or similar liquids (P.); tari_t (P.)(CDIAL 5710). Buttermilk: cha_chi_ buttermilk (S.Marw.); whey (OAw.); cha~_c(h) whey (Ku.); cha~_cr.o rice and whey boiled together (Ku.); cha~_chi_ earthen pot in which milk is curdled (Mth.); cha_c(h) buttermilk (H.); cha_si_ buttermilk (Pkt.); cha_hi_ (S.); cha_ (L.); cha_h (P.WPah.H.); cha~_s, cha~_ whey (Ku.)(CDIAL 5012). tayir curds, tyre, brain matter (Ta.); curds (Ma.); takra buttermilk mixed with water (Skt.)(DEDR 3088). tacci curds (Ta.lex.) dadhi thick sour milk (Pkt.Pali); gen. dadhnah. (RV.); in cmpd. -dadhika (Skt.); dahi (Pkt.N.Or.); dai (K.); dahi_ (S.L.H.Bi.Mth.Bhoj.); dahi~_ (P.G.M.); da~i (WPah.); dai (Ku.N.A.B.Or.); dahiu (Aw.); dhai_ (H.); dha~i (Konkan.i); di (OSi.Bra_hmi_.); dihi, di_ (Si.)(CDIAL 6146). dye_d, dyed curds (Wot..); de_th (Tor.)(CDIAL 6148).

4742.Goad: ta_r-u ox goad, sharp-pointed stick for driving oxen (Pa_rata. Nirai. 94); elephant goad: ta_r-at.u kal.ir-r-in- (Kuricip. 150); sharp iron-piece at the end of a goad; ends of a bow, notch; ta_r-r-u-k-ko_l ox goad; elephant goad (Ta.lex.)

4743.Mahogany; oleo-resin: tu_n.-maram, tu_n.a_-maram cedrela toona ( L.); Indian mahogany (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) tun.i the tree cedrela toona (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) Cedrus deodara: vrikashapa, snehaviddha; devadaru; badra daru, suradaru (Skt.); pinus deodara; Himalayan cedar (Eng.); deodar, toona (H.); toon (B.); toon-maram, devadaru (Ta.); devdari (Te.); devadaru (Ma.); devdari, devadaru (Ka.); devataram (M.); pahari-keli (P.); habitat: all over the northern Himalayas; largely cultivated in India as an ornamental tree; parts used: wood, bark, leaves and turpentine; contituents: wood yields an oleo-resin known as kelanka-tel and a dark-coloured oil or tar resembling crude turpentine is obtained by destructive distillation... oleo-resin and dark-coloured oil or turpentine, are applied to ulcers and skin diseases. They are valuable in mange in horses and sore-feet of cattle (Indian Materia Medica, p. 295). Cadreia toona: tuna, kuberaka; nandi-vraksha (Skt.); red toon or Indian mahogany (Eng.); toona, tun (H.); nandibriksha (B.); mahalimbu (Or.); khusing (P.); labshi (N.); deodari (M.); tunumarak, sevvagil (Ta.); nandi-chettu (Te.); aranamaram (Ma.); devadari, kempu-gandhagiri (Ka.); kooruk, tuni (M.); thit-kma-du (Burm.); habitat: tropical Himalayas from the Indus eastwards and throughout the hilly districts of central and southern India; parts used: bark, gum and flowers; constituents: resin, extractive matter, gum... flowers known as gultar in Bombay are considered emmenagogue. (IndianMateria Medica, p. 294). Red cedar: ta_ram red cedar, prob. de_vada_ru (Tailava. Taila.); a celestial tree (Cilap. 15,157, Urai.); manda_ra (Skt.)(Ta.lex.) cf. cedrus deodara = cedrus libani = pinus deodara de_vada_ru producing gum, cholesterin, essential oil; wood yields oil with balsamic odour (Skt.lex.) de_vada_ru red cedar, erythroxylon monogynum (Ka.lex.) Synonym: coppat.e the red cedar, erythroxylon monogynum (Ka.lex.) Erythroxylum monogynum: devadaru, chemanatti (Ta.); devadaru, gadara (Te.); devadaru (Ka.); devataru (Ma.); infusion of wood and bark: stomachic, diaphoretic, stimulant, diuretic, useful in slight cases of dyspepsia; leaves: refrigerant; essential oil; cocaine; habitat: N. circars, Deccan and Carnatic in dry evergreen forests, and W. Ghats in dry hill forests of Travancore, upto 3,000 ft. (GIMP, p.111). Image: tree: dare a tree (Santali.lex.) taru tree (MBh.); tar(u)ka nom. pl. (KharI.); tarua_ cudgel of wood or bamboo (Or.); tura tree (Si.)(CDIAL 5711). taru tree (Kampara_. Kaiyat.aip. 10); the kar-pakam tree of Svarga (Man.i. 5,114); ta_ru tree (Kantapu. Ta_raka. 71); cf. da_ru (Ta.lex.) da_ru piece of wood (MBh.); wood (Pali.Pkt.); da_ru, drun.ah, dro_h. (RV.); da_ruka (Skt.); da_r, do_r, do_ firewood; do_r tree (Pas'.); da_r wood, tree (Gaw.Shum.); dar timber, fire-wood, gallows (Kho.); da_r log (K.); da_'r timber (WPah.Ku.N.H.); dara firewood (Si.); dar ridge-pole (Kal.); da_ruka wooden (Pali); dru, daro wood (Dm.); da_ru, da_r.u rafter, plank (Gaw.)(CDIAL 6298). da_rava made of wood (Mn.); dru, dro wood (Dm.); da_rav beam, rafter (K.); da_ruv^u wooden (K.)(CDIAL 6296). da_rva wooden (BhP.); dabba wooden, tree (Pali); da_b curved branch of sisoo wood passing under point of axle of cart (Bi.); da_va trunk of felled tree, timber (Si.)(CDIAL 6395). dabehra_ large wooden plough share fixed behind the iron share (H.)(CDIAL 6306). dara_nu stack of wood, pile (e.g. of dead ibex)(Kho.)(CDIAL 6301). lumen.d. stick (Bshk.)(CDIAL 6638). drume_s'vara the coral tree (Skt.); duminda the Bodhi tree (Pali); duminau ficus religiosa (Si.)(CDIAL 6639). da_run.a hard, harsh (S'Br.Pali.Pkt.); dreadful (Pkt.); da_run (Mth.); da_runa terrible, cruel (OAw.); da_run (H.); da_run. (G.M.); darun.u (Si.)(CDIAL 6299). de_vada_ru Himalayan cedar (MBh.); de_vada_ruka (Pali); de_vada_ru (Pkt.); di_a_r (K.); diya_l (L.); dia_r (P.); dya_r (WPah.Ku.); dya_ra_n.i deodar forest (Ku.); dewa_r (N.); de_ri a tree (used for timber, leaves like those of melia azidirachta) (WPah.)(CDIAL 6531). cf. pha~zur, pzdur wooden spade (Dm.); phando_r (Bshk.); phe_ndu_ru (Phal.)(CDIAL 13830). cf. turu < dru tree (Ta.lex.) druma tree (MBh.); dru wood; duma tree (Pali.Pkt.); duma (Si.)(CDIAL 6637). cf. : kunduruka = resin of de_vada_ru (Br.hatsam.hita_ com.) Semant. dru, turu tree (Skt.Ta.) Wood: dru wood (Skt.); da_rva wooden (BhP.); dabba wooden; tree (Pali); da_b curved branch of sissoo wood passing under the point of axle cart (Bi.)(CDIAL 6305). turuvakam < dhruvaka stump (Ta.lex.) tur-uve, tur-ubi a tall plant, the country mallow, sida indica (Ka.); tutti (Ta.); tutti, tuttari (Te.); tur-uve_gid.a, tur-uve abutilum indicum (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) dravya a wooden image; drukilima a sort of pine, pinus deodora (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) dru-u wood, wooden vessel (RV. viii.96.11); drun.a_ na pa_rami_raya_ nadi_na_m 'na_va_', RV. x.101.10 dro_rupasthe_ 'drumavika_rasya pa_trasya'; dru-ghan.a wooden club (RV. x.102.9); drumbh-u_li_ missile, thunderbolt (MS. iii.8.3); dru-vaya wooden dish or vessel; dro_n.a wooden vessel (RV. vi.44.20); dru_vanna having wood for food (RV. ii.7.6; TS. iv.1.9.2); Image: sitting on tree: drus.ad sitting on tree (RV. ix.72.5; TS. 8.7.12.1) (Vedic.lex.) turun. a heavy piece of wood with a hole through it into which the foot of a criminal is placed and then wedged tightly (Santali.lex.) dhruva the trunk of a lopped tree; a post, stake (Skt.Ka.); a wooden roller used in an oil-mill (Ka.); dhruvaka a post, a pole, a stake (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) turakam a wooden contrivance for closing a branch in an embakment, kutiraittar-i (Aric. Pu. Na_t.t.uc. 30)(Ta.lex.)

4744.Bush: d.a_hal. tree-loppings; d.a_hl.a_ plant, branch with leaves (M.); d.a_l. (G.); d.a_ru (S.); d.a_l branch (H.B.); d.a_li_ s'a_kha_ (OM.)(Bloch, p. 341). cf. da_ru tree (Skt.lex.) jha_d. tree, bush (M.G.); jha_r.u tree (S.); jha_r. bush (P.H.B.); jha_t.a (Skt.)(Bloch, p. 338). ja_l. bush; ja_l.i_, ja_l.em. net (M.); ja_l.um. net; ja_rum. spider-web (G.); ja_ru (S.); ja_l (P.H.); za_l (K.); da_la (Si.); ja_la (Skt.)(Bloch, p. 336).

4745.Valley: dari_ valley, vale (Skt.lex.) d.hip valley (Santali.lex.) der.u valley (Sh.)(CDIAL 6510). d.ahar lowlying land (L.P.); d.ahar, d.ahra_ deep water, lake (B.); d.ahara, d.aa_ra deep pool made by eddy in river-bed (Or.); daha pond, lake (Pali.Pkt.); da deep water (A.); da(h) tank, lake, deep pool, eddy (B.); d.ahura_ water-hole (M.); daha lake, deep water, marsh, mud (Or.); dah deep pool (H.); daha very deep water (OMarw.); lake, pond (Si.); daha_ muddy (Or.); dahala mud (Or.); dahala_ muddy (Or.)(CDIAL 6627).

4746.Lowlying land: {Echo word} taggu low ground, dale, valley, descent, declivity (Tu.); ta_r..ttu a slope (Ma.); ta_r..u the bottom (Ka.); tat. underneath (Nk.); taggu low ground, a depression, valley (Te.)(DEDR 3178). taggu gadde a low paddy-field; taggu dinne dale and hill, low and rising ground, flats and prominences; taggu bhu_mi low ground; a flat; taggu muggu ups and downs, unevenness (Ka.); taggu moggu (Te.)(Ka.lex.)

4747.Sloping roof: ta_r..-va_ram sloping roof, lean-to, penthouse (Ta.); veranda lower than the house, a slope (Ma.); ta_r..-va_ra id. (Ka.); ta_l.va_ramu veranda (Te.)(DEDR 3178). dhartra house (Skt.); tari (with low rising tone) roof (WPah.)(CDIAL 6752). dharman support, prop, established order (RV.); lye_mi_ roof (Shum.); dra_mi_ (Kal.); dha_m big cross beam supporting a platform (A.)(CDIAL 6757).

4748.Image: to look at: tha_r to observe (Par.); stare_n to stare, keep eyes fixed on (OHG.); thar to look, see; tho_r, tar- (Pas'.); thar to look at (Shum); tha_r- to see, read (Wot..); tha-, ta- to see; 1 sg. tawum (Gaw.)(CDIAL 13743). tarucu to search, examine, investigate (Te.); da_h- (da_st-) to seek, search; motion base da_ska- (Pe.); da_h- id. (Mand..); dahpa (daht-) to seek, search for, desire, want; n. search, desire, longing (Kui); ta_h'nai to seek; da_h'nai to trace; dah'- to search (Kuwi); dajna_ to guess, grope for (Kur.)(DEDR 3100).

4749.To convey by signs: t.ha_riba_ to convey by signs (Or.); t.ha_ra_ to signal, beckon (B.); t.ha_rn.o to determine, design (Ku.)(CDIAL 13742).

4750.Measured: ta'red to measure (quantity); tar-gad to cut up into small pieces; to mince (Sora.lex.)[cf.the morpheme -gad and Zide's insights on -kad as a reflex connoting '20'. gad + tam (cut-month) = gattam to reduce the quantity measured; gad- to cut, split; gad-gad to cut repeatedly (Sora); had (Mundari); get, ged (Birhor); gada (Kachari)(Sora.lex.)]

4751.Image: split in two; bamboo rattle: ta_r.a_ piece of bamboo on a string beaten against a tree to scare birds (P.); cotton-scutcher's mallet (L.P.); door-bar (B.)(CDIAL 5749). ta_r.ana act of strking (OA.); ta_d.an. beating (M.)(CDIAL 5751). tar.i stroke, beating (Or.); tar.i_ beating (H.G.)(CDIAL 5636). tat.t.ai mechanism made of split bamboo for scaring away parrots from grain fields (Ta.); tat.t.a a large rattle (Ma.); tat.t.e a thick bamboo or an areca-palm stem, split in two (Ka.); wooden bell on cattle (Kod..)(DEDR 3042).

4752.Image: bolt, latch: ta_r.. bar, bolt, latch; blocks in a wall to support beams (Ta.); bolt or bar of a door (Ka.); ta.l.i bolt of door (Kod..); bolt, bar, lock (Ma.); tost bar at gate or pen (To.); tar..-k-ko_l, ta_r..a-k-ko_l, ta_r..-p-pa_l. bolt, bar (Ta.)(DEDR 3179). ta_l.a door-bar (Pali); ta_r.a_ id. (B.); ta_l. bolt (Kho.); ta_la bolt (Pkt.); ta_r.o cotton-scutcher's mallet (S.); ta_r.a_ id. (L.P.); ta_r.i_ bar or bolt of door (S.); ta_r. part of driving wheel of spinning wheel (L.); talaya the blade of any instrument (Si.)(CDIAL 5749). Image: pin that holds a tenon in mortise: ta_l. tying string of a jacket; wooden catch turning on a central screw that fastens a pair of shutters; pin that holds a tenon in mortise: ta_l.ut.ai-k-kat.ikai nur..ainuti net.uve_l (Akana_.35); ta_r..a-k-ko_l bar, bolt; key (Tol.Er..u.384, Urai); ta_l.uko_l (Ka.)(Ta.lex.)

4753.Image: potter's wheel: tayrgan. potter's wheel (?Ko.); tagori the potter's wheel (Tu.) tikiri wheel, potter's wheel, the discus weapon (Ta.); tiguri, tigari, tiguru a wheel, esp. a potter's wheel (Ka.)(DEDR 3201). Image: discus weapon: ta_rai discus weapon; a quality of the diamond (Cilap. 14,180, Urai.); thread-bareness, a_t.aiyin vila-k-kir..ai (Ta.lex.) ta_ra_ fixed star (Skt.)(CDIAL 5798). ta_rai blade of a weapon (ta_rai kol. mukkavai-c-cut.ar ve_l : Kalla_. 86,34)(Ta.lex.) dha_ra_ sharp edge, rim, blade (RV.); edge of weapon (Pali.Pkt.); chura-dhara knife-blade (NiDoc.); da_r edge or point of weapon or tool (K.); dha_ra id. (S.P.); blade (Or.); sharpness (Konkan.i); dha_r line (Mth.); edge, line, boundary (H.); edge (Ku.); edge of tool, brink (G.M.); edge or point of ploughshare (Bi.); curved blade of mattock (Bhoj.); edge, sharpness of a blade (B.); edge of weapon, blade (A. whence dhara_iba to sharpen); dha_ri line, row (A.); edge, edge of mud veranda (B.); dha_ri_ deep furrow (Bi.); line (OAw.); line, groove (H.); daraya edge, sharpness (Si.); dar ridge-pole (Kal.)(CDIAL 6793). [cf. codha_ru~ a weapon with four edges (G.); caudha_ri_ having 4 edges (M.)(CDIAL 4613)]. Circle: a_ru circle of people (K.); or^u circle, band, fillet (K.); ha_ra necklace (MBh.); garland (Pkt.)(CDIAL 14059). Potter's wheel: a_r..i circle, ring, wheel, discus weapon (Ta.Ma.Ka.); roundness, funeral pile (Ma.); a_re potter`s wheel (?Go.); a_n.i spherical, round, globular (Te.); roundness (Ka.)(DEDR 398). [cf.a_ni axle-pin (RV.); linch-pin, bolt, peg (Pali); aniya prow of a canoe (Si.); a_n.i corner of a house, boundary (Skt.)(CDIAL 1110). a_n.i roundness (Ka.); spherical, round, globular (applied to pearls)(Te.)(DEDR 398). an.iyam forepart of a vessel, stem, prow (Ta.)(DEDR 118).] [ Spoke of a wheel: cf. ara_ spoke of a wheel (RV.); a_ra (MBh.Or.); ara (Pali.Pkt.); felloe of a wheel (Or.); spoke (Si.); aro spoke, cog (S.); ar one of the crosspieces in a cart-wheel (P.); a_ra_ first pair of spokes in a cart-wheel (Bi.); spoke (H.); a_ro spoke (G.)(CDIAL 594).] a_r..i discus weapon; (ar..iyer..u-c- can:kum villumer..a : Tiv. Tiruva_y. 7,4,1); royal power, as symbolised by the discus weapon; ar..ive_ntan (Kampara_. Taila. 70); command, rule; (ar..inir-kuti yallaiye_r- par..ivarum : Upate_caka_. Civavirata. 16); ar..ima_lvarai (myth.) range of mountains believed to be encircling the orb of the earth; (ar..r..ima_varai-k- kappur-am pugin-um : Pur-at. A_ciriyama_lai); a_r..iya_n- Vis.n.u, as wielding the discus; (a_r..iya_n-en-n-u ma_r..amo_r..aiyir- pa_ycci : Tiv. Periya_r... 3,7,4); king, emperor; ar..iviral ring finger (Ta.lex.) tikiri circle, circular form, wheel [(Cilap. 4,2)(Ta.lex.)], potter's wheel [(Ka_cippu. Tirunagarap. 76) (Ta.lex.)], the discus weapon [(Kampara_. Cittira. 40)(Ta.lex.)], chariot, car (Ta.); royal authority (Man.i. 22,16)(Ta.lex.); tikirikai wheel; circle; potter's wheel (Ta.lex.); tikiriya_n- Vis.n.u, as holding a discus (tolkatir-t- tikiriya_r- paravutum : Kalit. 104,77) (Ta.lex.) tikiri-man-n-avar the six famous emperors, viz., Ariccantiran-, Nalan-, Mucukuntan-, Purukuccan-, Puru_rava_, Ka_rttavi_riyan- (Ta.lex.) tirgan wheel (Ko.); tiragan.i, tiragan.e, tirugan.i, tirugan.e, tirugun.i that which turns, a wheel for raising water; windlass, roller (Ka.); tirugali, tirugalli a mill, handmill, gristmill (Te.); tirgal mortar, pestle (Kol.)(DEDR 3246). Image: wheel: tirikai potter's wheel (Ta.)(DEDR 3246). [cf.cakra oil mill (Mn.); cak(h) stone--mill (Ku.); cakki_ mill (WPah.); ca_k(h)o hand-mill (Ku.); caki_ hand-mill (S.); caka_ round stone (Or.); ca_ki_ grindstone (B.); millstone (H.); circular piece fixed in axle (G.); caki_ mill-stone (Or.); cakia_ stone-mill (Aw.); ca_k any kind of wheel, millstone (H.)(CDIAL 4538). Image: to turn round the head: tirugu a turn, change of direction, turning back; tirugud.u turning; tirugudala a turning back; trippu a turn (Te.); trikku a twist or turn (Te.); tiri to turn (Ta.); tirumpu to turn back (Ta.); tiriyuka to turn round (Ma.); tirivu turning, returning (Ma.); tirikka to turn round, return; tirippu turning, change (Ma.); tirk a turn (To.); tirigu, tiragu, tirugu to turn round, roam about; tiruvu to turn as the head; n. going around, turning; tiruhu act of turning (Ka.); tir (tiri) to turn round (Kod..); tirduni to turn (Tu.); tirahta_na_ to turn (Go.); tirvi to return, turn back (Kond.a); tirp to turn round (Kond.a); tihpa act of turning about or back (Kui); tipali to turn round; tir.vali to turn oneself round (Kuwi)(DEDR 3246). Cart: chakir.o cart (S.); chakr.a_, chikr.a_ large two-wheeled bullock-cart (P.); chakr.a_, s'akr.a_ cart (B.); chakar.a hackney carriage (Or.); chakar.a_ large cart (Bi.); chakkar., chakr.i_ (Mth.); chakr.a_ two-wheeled bullock-cart (H.); chakr.u~ cart (G.); sa_kd.a_ the box of a load-cart (M.); s'akat.a cart (R.); s'akat.i_ (RV.); s'akat.ika adj. (Pa_n..gan.a); sakat.a cart, waggon, cartload (Pali); sagad.a, sayad.a, sad.ha (Pkt.); hakat.a, hakad.a, yahad.a a measure of capacity (OSi.); ya_l.a cart (Si.); hagor^u cart (K.); sagr.a_ bullock-cart (B.); sagar.a (Or.); sa_gar., saggar.a_ smaller cart (Bi.); sagar. (Mth.); saggar., sagar. cart (H.)(CDIAL 12236). cakriya pertaining to wheels (RV.)(CDIAL 4555). Proto-Indo-European word for 'wheel': *k^welo- (Old Prussian kelan, Old Church Slavonic kolo, Old Norse hvel) or *k^wek^wlo- (Greek kuklos, Skt. cakra-, Old English hwe_ol, Tocharian kuka_l). [cf. Mallory, J.P., Time perspective and proto-Indo-European culture. World Archaeology, 8.1: 44-56, 1976; p.51; Parpola, Asko, The coming of the Aryans to Iran and India and the cultural and ethnic identity of the Da_sas. Studia Orientalia, vol.64, pp.195-302, Helsinki 1988; p.199.] cf. the radical k*l in Ta. ka_l 'wheel' and Tocharian kuka_l etc. a_r-a_ra-c-cakkaram stanza of four lines so composed that it can be written in the form of a wheel with six spokes, some of the letters being repeated in reading as one goes on reading the lines from spoke to spoke, a variety of cakkara-pantam (Ma_r.analanka_ram, 282, urai.) cakkara-pantam a fantastic metrical composition in the diagrammatic form of a cart-wheel (Ma_r.analanka_ram. 281.) Province; image: wheel: cakra wheel (RV.); potter's wheel (S'Br.); oil mill (Mn.); circle (R.); cakri_ wheel (RV.); cakka wheel (Pali.Pkt.); cakka_ wheel (Bi.); cakur spinning wheel (Kho.); caxur (Ir.); carku_ wheel, spinning wheel (Sh.); c.akh^ar, c.akras, c.akh^ur^u wheel (K.); caku potter's wheel (S.); caki_ hand-mill (S.); mill-stone (Or.); mill-stone (H.); cakkar wheel (L.); circuit, ring (P.); cakkur wheel (L.); cakk potter's wheel (P.); cakki_ mill (WPah.); ca_k(h)o hand-mill (Ku.); c.ak(h) stone-mill (Ku.); ca_ko anything round (N.); Image: honeycomb: mah ko ca_ko honeycomb (N.); sa_k potter's wheel (A.); ca_k wheel, comb or hive of bees or wasps (B.); wheel, potter's wheel (Bi.Mth.G.); wheel (Bhoj.M.); any kind of wheel, mill-stone (H.); mill-stone (G.); mau-ca_k honeycomb (H.); sa_ka_ wheel (A.); ca_ka_ wheel (B.); wheel, sod of turf (H.); caka wheel, potter's wheel (Or.); ca_ki_ circular piece fixed in axle (G.); circular flat piece of metal (M.); ca_ku~ a thick roundish mass (G.); ca_ka wheel (Konkan.i); saka wheel, circle (Si.)(CDIAL 4538). cakka_ga circular (Pkt.); caka_ (Or.); ca_ka_ (H.)(CDEIAL 4539). caka_ri_ wheel rut, wheeling round (of a carriage)(M.); cakraca_rin flying in a circle (Skt.)(CDIAL 4541). cakrana_bhi hub of a wheel (Sus'r.); saknaba hub (Si.)(CDIAL 4543). sakat.a cart (Pali); s'akat.a cart (R.); chakr.a_ two-wheeled bullock-cart (H.)(CDIAL 12236). cakkalaka disc, tuft (Pali); cakkala round (Skt.); id., extensive; n. circle (Pkt.); cokul avalanche of stones (Kho.); cakul anything circular (K.); cakaru circle (S.); cakkul horizontal wheel of well gear (L.); cakkli_ vertical wheel of well gear (L.); wheel (L.); cakla_ round, wide; n. open square in city, district, brothel (P.); sa_kli any flat circular thing, coin (A.); ca_kla_ round and flat, piece of bread, province (B.); Province; boundary: ca_kal, cakla_ circular, round and flat, broad; province (H.); ca_kl.o water-wheel, circular leather seat, pot (G.)(CDIAL 4548). cakrava_t.a boundary (Skt.); cakrava_la circle (MBh.BHSk.) cakrin.i_ driving in a carriage (Ya_j.)(CDIAL 4554). caket.h pointed stick with which potter twirls his wheel (H.); cakait.h id. (Bi.); cakrayas.t.i stick for potter's wheel (Skt.)(CDIAL 4547). yas.t.i stick, pole (S'Br.); yat.t.hi staff (Pali); jat.t.hi stick (Pkt.); ja_t.hi_, ja_t.ho stick (Ku.); ja_t.ha_ stick (MB.); ja_it.(h) cylinder of an oil mill (B.); ja_t.h beam in sugar mill, post in a tank (H.); ja_t.hi iron rod used as a weapon (Or.); yat.i-ya stick, measure of length = 7 ells (Si.)(CDIAL 10444). kattarayat.t.hi mendicant's staff (Pali); katuruyat.iya walking stick (Si.)[prob. Pali or Si.. compound] (CDIAL 2699). cakravartin a universal ruler (MBh.); cakkavattin (Pali); cakravarti (NiDoc.); cakkavat.t.i, cakkavatti (Pkt.); sakviti universal ruler (Si.)(CDIAL 4549). cakoha whirlpool (OH.)(CDIAL 4550). ca_ki_ circular flat piece of metal (M.)(CDIAL 4538). takat.u quality of being thin and flat (as a plate of metal), metal plate, leaf blade (Ta.); thin metal plate, spangle (Ma.); takit.u id. (Ma.); takit.a copper leaf written over and worn as amulet (Ma.); tagad.u thin metal plate (Tu.); plate, sheet, leaf or foil of metal; takat., takt.e_ metal beaten into a plate or leaf (M.)(DEDR 2995). cakkaram ancient silver coin formerly current in South India = 1/16 pagod.a; a coin in Travancore nearly equal to 6 pies (arai-y-an.a_ value); a measure of capacity. cf. kali pan.am (Ta.Ma.), kar..i-p-pan.am (Ta.) a coin of ancient times used in funeral ceremonies = 3 1/2 annas = 4 cakkaram, (in Trav.) = 1/10 pon. (Ta.lex.) cf. vi.ra.n.y van.m small gold coin put in mouth of dead man and burned with body (pan.m coin)(Ko.); pi.r bon.m small, old coins in bag, used at funeral (To.); bira.ni pagoda = 4 rupees (Kod..)(DEDR 5457). Image: spindle: t.a_ku spindle (B.Or.); skewer (Mth.); t.a_kuya_ (B.); t.ekuya_ (B.); t.a_kua_ spindle for hemp or jute (Or.); spinning axle of spinning wheel (Bi.); t.raku spindle of spinning wheel (S.); t.akuo spike with a knob of wood by spinning which cord is twisted (S.); ta_ku_ spindle (Ku.); takuwa_ spindle (Ku.N.); t.akua_ small skewer (Mth.); t.ekua_ spindle (Bhoj.); takwa_ (H.); tra_k (G.); tra~_k (G.)- Ext. -d.-: t.a_kuri spindle (A.). Ext. -d.- or -r-): t.a_kur.i (Or.); t.akuri needle, spindle (Mth.). Ext. -r-: t.a_kur (B.); t.akru (B.); t.akru (Or.). Ext. -l-: trakkl.a_ iron pin (L.). Ext. -ll-: t.akulo (S.); trakkula_, trakla_ (L.); takla_ spindle (H.); tarakkula_, tarakla_, takkula_, takkla_ spindle, shaft of a wheel (P.); takkuli_ small spindle (P.); katuwa_ spindle (Ku.N.H.)[This form re-inforces the phonetic equivalence: ka-duru (Tu.) = tar-ku (Pa_rGr.)] cakur spinning wheel (Kho. < Iranian); carku spinning wheel, wheel (Sh.); caku potter's wheel (S.); cakk id. (P.); sa_k id. (A.); caka id. (Or.); ca_k id. (Bi.); ca_ki_ circular flat piece of metal (M.)(CDIAL 4538). {The morpheme tir- as in tirai roll of cotton prepared for spinning (Ta.)(DEDR 3245) links with a hand-held tool; any hand-held (kai hand) tool or portable or small object can semantically be denoted by the phoneme ka-. cf. katir spinner's spindle (Ta.Ma.); kadir, kadaru, kaduru id. (Ka.); kaduru, kadiru, kadru id. (Tu.); kaduru id. (Te.); kadur an instrument used to spin threads from cotton (Ga.)(DEDR 1195). In a cognate linguistic aerial etymon, the emphasis is on the element tr- to turn: cf. tarku spindle (Pa_rGr.); tarkut.a_, tarkut.a (Skt.)(CDIAL 5717). The suffix -kut. and forms -kuri, -kula_, -kla_ are fundamental components in the wherewithal of kaulika_ weaver. cf. kut.- to sew (Ga.Kol.)(DEDR 1672). t.raku spindle of spinning wheel (S.); t.akuo spike with a knob of wood by spinning which cord is twisted (S.); ta_ku_, takuwa_ spindle (Ku.); t.a_ku, t.a_kuya_, t.ekuya_ spindle (B.); takuwa_ (N.); t.a_ku spindle (Or.); t.akua_ spindle for hemp or jute (Or.); t.a_kua_, t.ekua_ spinning axle for spinning wheel (Bi.); t.a_ku skewer (Mth.); t.akua_ small skewer (Mth.); t.ekua_ spindle (Bhoj.); takwa_ (H.); tra_k, tra~_k (G.); t.a_kuri spindle (A.); t.a_kur.i (Or.); t.akuri needle, spindle (Mth.); t.a_kur, t.akru spindle (B.); t.akru (Or.); trakkl.a_ iron pin (L.); t.akulo spindle (S.); trakkula_, trakla_ (L.); tarakkula_, tarakla_, takkla_ spindle, shaft of a wheel (P.); takkuli_ small spindle (P.); takla_ spindle (H.); katuwa_ spindle (Ku.N.H. X *kartati spins); takku spindle (Pkt.); tra_ku spindle (Kal.); c.a_ko (Sh.)(CDIAL 5717). These forms provide a clue to the equivalence of phonemes: tar- = car-; tagori (Tu.)(DEDR 3201) = cakra wheel (RV.); potter's wheel (S'Br.); ca_k (B.)(CDIAL 4538). cakna_ to sharpen an edge instrument, whet (Kur.); cake to sharpen, whet (Malt.)(DEDR 2277). The apparent link is the use and turning of a circular hard stone to whet}.

4754.Class, sort, kind: ta_ram rare, valuable articles or things (Pur-ana_. 30)(Ta.lex.) tara a taddhita affix of the comparative degree, added to adjectives, nouns, and also to verbs and indeclinables in which latter case it is changed to tara_m. It is added like tama, to pronouns in the sense of 'one of two', e.g. katara, tatara, yatara etc. (Skt.lex.) tara the termination of the comparative degree; more, uncommonly; cf. adhikatara (Ka.lex.) ta_rai order, arrangement, regularity (Ta.lex.) tara, taraha, tara_, tala kind, manner, fashion; sort; likeness (Ka.); id. (Te.); tarha_, thara id. (M.H.); sort, kind; classification (Ka.Te.); tarambid.i to seize or select everything in its order; taratama, ta_ratamya gradation, the state or condition of more or less; discrimination (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) taraha a kind; a way, fashion, method; tara_ various kinds of ways; differences of rank, variety in the grades of society; tara_va_ri, tara_va_ru various kinds (Ka.lex.) tara_-taram distinction of rank, place, class or other particulars (Tiruvil.ai. Tiruman.a. 94); id. (Ma.); tara_tara id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) tara_ < tarah (U.) sort, kind, manner, mode (Ta.lex.)

4755.Image: duck: ta_ra_ heron (Ta.); ta_r-a_vu duck (Ma.)(DEDR 3169). tarat. a kind of duck (Skt.)(Skt.lex.) cf. ta.r, t.a_reng (hen) cackles (Kol.); tarp- to cackle (Pa.)(DEDR 3173). a_ri duck (Dm.Kal.); a_ri_ (Gaw.); al.i (Kho.); e_r (Bshk.); a_r (Tor.); he_r.i_ (Phal.); a_r.i_ (S.); a_r.i turdus ginginianus (B.); a web-footed bird (Or.); a_r. turdus ginginianus (H.); a_d.l.i_ (M.); a_d.i_ (M.); a_reli_ duck (Gaw.); a_ti an aquatic bird (RV.); a_t.a a partic. kind of bird (Pali); a_d.i (Pkt.); a_r.i duck (Wg.); warg-a_r.i_ lit. 'water-duck'(Ash.)(CDIAL 1127). ta_ra_ duck (Pata_rtta. 890)(Ta.lex.) tarad a kind of duck (Skt.lex.) cf. taran:ga wave (R.Pali); taram.ga (Pkt.); taran:g (P.); taran. brook, current, stream of water (Ku.); taran:ga, tagara wave (Si.)(CIDAL 5699).

4756.Belerica: ta_r-e, tar-e, ta_r-ai a large timber tree, the beleric myrobalan, terminalia belerica (kali, aks.a, vibhi_ta)(Ka.); ta_d.i, ta_n.d.i (Te.); na_n-r-i (Ta.); ta_nnri (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) ta_n-r-i, ta_n.i belleric myrobalan, terminalia belerica (Ta.); ta_nni id. (Ma.); da_n.d.i mara id. (Tu.); ta~_d.i, ta_n.d.ra id.; (inscr.) ta_nr-i id. (in place names)(Te.); ta_n.d.i id. (Kol.); de_ndi, de_ni id. (Pa.); t.a_hka_, t.a_hka, ta_hka_ id. (Go.); t.a_n.d.i mra_nu id. (Kond.a); t.a_nd.i id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 3198). lopon. dare terminalia belerica (Santali.lex.)

4757.Stalk of millet: turan jua_r stalk; of which the leaves are green and silky; tu_ri_ the chaff of wheat; dry crushed or broken or chopped straw of wheat or barley (P.lex.) turumbu chaff and waste (Tu.lex.) turuppuk-ku_t.u unwinnowed heap of grain (I_t.u, 6,5,1); turumpu bits of straw (Perumpa_n.. 239); refuse stalks as of sugarcane (Na_lat.i, 35); turumpu bits of straw (Ma.)(Ta.lex.)

4758.Image: tortoise, turtle: dadru tortoise (Skt.)(CDIAL 6199). duli (Pkt.); dud.i small tortoise (Skt.As'.); dura_ turtle (A.); dur.i small or female tortoise (B.); dur.o, dur.a_ a kind of small edible tortoise or turtle (B.); dul.i_ female tortoise (Or.); dur.i, d.uli small turtle, female turtle (H.); n.ad.(d.)uli_ (Pkt.)(CDIAL 6400).

4759.Contract for usufructs from trees: tu_ra a contract, particularly for toddy (Tu.lex.)

4760.Bigness; a stout man: to_ra bigness, largeness, plumpness, stoutness, greatness, dignity, a stout man, a great man; to_ritu that which is big; to_rida a big man (Ka.); to_ra stoutness, thickness; thick, stout, large (Tu.); to_ramu thick, stout, large (Te.); tro_ja (tro_ji-) to grow in body, become mature and well-developed; pl. action tro_ska (tro_ski-) (Kui)(DEDR 3557). Headman: dhur wealth; chief, head, foremost, pre-eminent; a man of business; a leader; an epithet of S'iva (Skt.lex.) dhurya a minister, one charged with important duties; one who carries a burden (of responsibility); a chief, leader, a head (R.); dhuri_ya, dhuri_n.a charged with important duties (Skt.); a man of business or one charged with important duties; a chief, head, leader (Skt.lex.) caturdhara name of a family or race (Skt.); caudhiri_ headman (S.); caudhari_ (P.); caudhari (N.); saudhuri, saudha_ri title of a respectable land-holder (A.); caudhuri a title (B.); caudhuri headman (Or.); caudhar robust, stout (H.); caudhari_ headman of a caste or trade or village (H.); codhro, caudhri_ (G.); caudhri_ (M.)(CDIAL 4612). Large, stout: sthu_la large, thick, stout (AV.); thu_la, thulla big, stout, strong (Pali.Pkt.); thulo, tulo fat; tilla_ big (Gypsy); thula stout (D..); thu_la fat (Dm.); tla (Kal.); thul (Kho.); thulu (Phal.); thulu fast, thick (Sh.); thu~_la large, coarse (K.); thulho thick, fat, coarse (as cloth)(S.); t.hulla_, t.hu_lha_ large, thick, coarse (P.L.); thullha_ large; t.hullha_ fat, coarse (P.); thu_l corpulent, heavy, dull; t.hu_lo large (Ku.); t.hulo large (N.); tholoka_ (A.); thu_la_ fat (H.); t.hula_ dumpy; thuli_, t.huli_ coarsely ground meal (M.); tul large, fat (Si.); t.hu_l egg (K.); t.hu_l (WPah.)(CDIAL 13776).

4761.Trust; responsibility; collector of revenues: tur-r-u-tal to undertake (Akana_.10); tur-ai-po_tal to be accomplished, completed as a business (Kalit. 67) (Ta.); turai-ttan-am government (Ira_mana_. Uyut. 29); turaippa_n:ku majestic or dignified air; affected pose as of a lord or nobleman; lord, noble (Vir-alivit..); turai-makal. mistress; lady; queen (Kumara. Pira. Mi_n-a_t.. Pilai. 27); turai chief, lord; master, ruler; gentleman, nobleman (Tiruppu. 70); dora (Te.); dore (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) turam charge, trust, responsibility; turantaram responsibility; tur-avo_r ascetics, recluses (Na_lat.i, 273)(Ta.lex.) turakka_ran- collector of revenues in respect of temple properties (Na_.); turam < dhura the department for collecting revenues in respect of temple properties (Na_.)(Ta.lex.) turantaran- one who assumes a responsibility; conqueror, victor (Ir-ai. 23,172); turantari woman who assumes a responsibility (Civaraka. Nantikan.a. 8); turantarikan- one who assumes responsibility (Kon.t.alvit.u. 320); cf. dhuram-dhara (Ta.lex.) tur-aiyar (Ta.); toreya (Ka.) a Kanarese cultivating caste in Coimbatore and Salem Districts (E.T. vii,276); tur-aiya_r temple servants; tur-aivan chief of a maritime tract (Ain:kur-u. 158); tur-aiyar a Kanarese cultivating caste in Coimbatore and Salem districts (E.T. vii,176)(Ta.); toreya (Ka.)(Ta.lex.)

4763.Pack bullock: tu_ri pack bullock (W.); tu_riyam < dhurya pack bullock (Pin..) (Ta.lex.) Image: draught cattle: dhur draught cattle, either oxen or buffaloes (Santali.lex.) turyava_h four-year old ox (VS. xviii.26)(Vedic.lex.) Image: beast of burden: dhurya fit to be harnessed (Pa_n..); foremost (AV.); beast of burden (SKt.); duri_ bull (Wg.); dhu_ri_, dhuriya_ the wheeler in a team of three bullocks (Bi.); dhu_r bullock, cattle (in general)(Bi.)(CDIAL 6831). dhaure_ya beast of burden; dhaure_yaka (Skt.); being foremost (Skt.); dhrya foremost (AV.); dho_reyya accustomed to the yoke (Pali); dho_rayha beast of burden (Pali); dho_re_ya, dho_riya capable of beaing a load (Pkt.); dhori_, dhorya_ ox (P.); dhori_ (H.G.); dho_re_ya, dho_riya leader (Pkt.); dhore near (H.); dhori_ main (of a road)(G.); do_r face, mouth, side (Pas'.); d.hor cattle (H.); dhojja capable of bearing a load; leader (Pkt.)(CDIAL 6884). Pack bullock: turiyam < dhuri_ya pack-bullock; bearing, carrying (Ta.lex.) Pack-bull: turantaram pack-bull; responsibility; cf. dhuram-dhara (Skt.); turam burden; charge, trust, responsibility; the department for collecting revenues in respect of temple properties; turi < dhura, dhuri loc. sg. of dhur burden, weight (turiper.a-c-caripor..il : Tiruppu. 508); turiyam pack-bullock; bearing, carrying (Ta.lex.) tura (-pp-, -nt-) to drive, urge; turappu driving (Ta.); tro_cu to push, shove, thrust (Te.); tro_-pat.u to be pushed or driven; tro_-pa_t.u being pushed or driven; tro_pu, tro_pud.u a push; tro_yu to push, drive; t(r)o_lu to drive; d(r)obbu to push (Te.); dobbu pushing, shoving (Tu.); d.hobb- to push (Nk.); turkip- (turkit-) to push, shove (Pa.); turus key- to push in, shove (Ga.); ro'-, roppa_na_, rosna_ to drive (Go.)(DEDR 3340). Beast of burden: stho_ra beast of burden (BHSk.)(CDIAL 13779). dhur draught cattle, either oxen or buffaloes; dhur menakkotaea se ban.? Has he got plough cattle or not? (Santali. lex.) stho_rin, sthaurin pack-horse (Skt.); stwr horse (Pahl.); stora horse (NiDoc.); storavara horseman (NiDoc.); isto_r horse (Kho.); isto_ri mounted, horseman (Kho.)(CDIAL 13779). Buffalo heifer; big: tho_ra large (Pkt.); thor (G.M.); tho_ru fat, big (Konkan.i); thoro young buffalo bull (Ku.); thori_ yearling buffalo heifer (Ku.); thore full-grown buffalo beifer (N.)(CDIAL 13780). sthaula stout, robust (RV.); t.ho_hl fat man (L.); thohllu_ (P.)(CDIAL 13781). tholhi corpulence (S.)(CDIAL 13782). Image: two-year old heifer: t.hair two year old heifer (Mth.)(CDIAL 13747). Image: fat bull: te_r-r-u-ma_t.u bull or cow fattened or soiled for sale; te_r-r-am thriving, luxurious growth; certainty, assurance; determination (Tol. Col. 259); id. (Ma.); te_r-utal to thrive, improve, flourish, as vegetation; te_r-uka to be strengthened (Ma.); te_r-u-cu_t.u branding cattle to promote their fattening; brand on cattle (Ta.lex.) sthu_ra big, strong (RV.); m. du. parts of a horse (VS.); buttocks, ankles; lower part of thigh (Skt.)(CDIAL 13775).

4764.Heap of threshed grain: turuppu-ku_t.u, turumput.an- unwinnowed heap of grain (Ta.); turumpu heap of threshed grain (Ma.); tupp stack, heap of corn or rice (Tu.)(DEDR 3345). turru-n white anthill (Sora.lex.) To be joined: tun-r-utal to be close, thick, crowded together (Kampara_. kukap. 28); to get attached to; to lie (Tiruva_ca. 17,10); tun-n-utal to be fitted, joined, attached; to be thick, crowded; to press close (Na_lat.i, 167); to approach, approximate, adhere to (Pur-ana_. 23); to join; to undertake (Kur-al., 316)(Ta.lex.) Image: crowdedness: tur-u crowdedness, closeness, eating (Ta.); tur-umpu, tur-umu to be close, crowded (Ta.); tur-uval thronging, crowding, eating (Ta.); tun-r-i, tun-r-u to be crowded together, approximate, get attached to (Ta.)(DEDR 3367). tur-uga, tur-agu a throng, crowd (Ka.); tur-ugal, tur-ungal a crowd, mass (Ka.); tur-ugu to appear in numbers, to be thronged, closely packed, enveloped, concealed, surrounded or clothed (Ka.); tut.t.e collection, group, heap (Te.)(DEDR 3367). turumba gahanah (Skt.); turu~b full (M.)(DEDR 3367). tur-ugal, tur-ungal thicket (Ka.)(DEDR 3367). tur-utur-e_ throngingly, pressingly (Ma.)(DEDR 3367).

4765.Troop: turupu a troop (Ka.); turuphu (Te.)(Ka.lex.) turuppu troop, army (Tan-ippa_. i,381,28)(Ta.lex.)

4767.Religious rites: turiya-c-canti (S'aiva) religious rites ordained to be performed after nightfall (Tacaka_. Kurupu_. 5); turiya-civan- S'iva as the supreme lord; turiya-tta_n-am a mystic region near the navel into which the soul retires in its turiyam stage (Ci. Po_. Cir-. 4,3, Pak. 99); turiyam the fourth state of the soul in which it is in the navel with the pira_n.an- (Ci. Po_. Pa_. 4,3, Pak. 278, Putup.); (yo_ga.) highest state of yo_ga in which one attains entire quiescence (Ja_n-ava_. Mur..u. 26); (Jaina) the fourth of captapan:ki (Me_ruman. 709); turiyan- soul in the highest state (Ve_ta_. Cu_. 79); god (Can.. Aka.); turiya_ciramam asceticism as the fourth stage; turiya_ti_tatta_n-am the mu_la_ta_ram into which the soul retires in its turiya_ti_tam stage (Ci. Po_. Cir-. 4,3, Pak. 99); turiya_ti_tam < turya_ti_ta the transcendent fifth state of the soul in which it is in the mula_ta_ram and is cognizant of aviccai alone (Ci. Po_. Pa_. 4,3, Pak. 278, Putup.) (Ta.lex.) turi_ya_ti_ta an attribute of S'iva; turi_yavarn.a belonging to the fourth caste; a s'u_dra (Ka.lex.) tura_t the law of Moses; the Pentateuch (P.lex.) cf. tuyya pure, holy (Ta.); fair, spotless (Ma.)(DEDR 3338). turya_awastha_ the state of abstraction from external things and absorption in the contemplation of supreme being (P.lex.)

4768.Image: a large drum; musical instrument: turiya, tu_riya musical instruments in general, usually referreed to as comprosing 5 kinds of special instruments, viz., a_tata, vitata, a_tata-vitata, ghana, susira; turiya-sadda the sound of music, music (Pali.lex.) tu_riyam < tu_rya musical instruments (Maturaik. 460); drum beaten on festive or joyful occasions (Pin..); a large drum; tu_riya-kan.t.am a musical instrument (Ta.lex.) tu_rya, turi a bugle; tu_rya a musical instrument (wind instrument, stringed instruments etc. of four kinds)(Ka.lex.) Image: a trumpet: turhi_, tura_, turam a turmpet; turamchi_a trumpeter (P.lex.) tu_ryakhan.d.a a sort of tabor (Skt.lex.)

4769.Image: hen: turi_ a hen (Pali.lex.)

4770.Image: conical shed: tuppu:n, turpu:n a small thatched shed, conical in shape erected temporarily in the field for the watchman (Sora.lex.) turu-kulen a lid on the pot (Sora.lex.) tu_r to hide, cover (Kampara_. Kaike_yi. 74)(Ta.lex.)

4771.Image: earthen vessel with a long neck: tu_ri a kind of earthen vessel with a long neck (Tu.lex.) tura_ mixed metal of copper and spelter; tara_ alloy of 8 parts of copper to 5 of tin, used for making metal vessels (Tiva_.) (Ta.lex.) tura_y-k-kat.t.ai a metallic vessel (Ta.lex.)

4772.Image: bottom of a vessel: tu_r bottom of a vessel (Tinn.)(Ta.lex.)

4773.Image: six: turi_ya fouth; a fourth, a quarter; the fourth state of the soul in which it has become one with the brahma or universal soul (Ka.lex.) Perh. turui six [as a fourth of the landing point in numeration: two twelve's on phalanges of of eight fingers (excluding the thumbs) of the two hands]. turi_ya fourth (RV. viii.5.7); turiyame_va tarhi va_n. niruktam vidis.yati: then Va_c will speak distinctly to the extent of one-fourth (S'Br.)(Vedic.lex.) Six: turui six (Santali.lex.) ti:ri (Remo.); ti:r (Gutob); tud.ru, turru six (Sora.); turur (Kurku); tiburu (Kharia); turu.i (Santali. Mundari. Mahle. Birhor. Dhangar. Kurku); tur-gi (Pareng); teru (Kuki Chin); taruk (Meithei); drug (Tibetan); tug (Byangsi)(Sora.lex.) Image: Numeral '6': *(t)sa_r-u [A remarkable confirmation that '6' was a landing point in numeration is provided by a compound form which means: half of six or three: kana_hi_ three-cornered file for sharpening saws (Si.); ka_nas file, saw (G.M); ka_nasn.e~ to file (M.) < kan 'joint' [twelve joints in four fingers] + as 'half'][cf. a~_k axle (G.); a_s, a~_s axle (M.); aka axle (S.); aks.a axle (RV.)(CDIAL 21). {Proto-Munda numeral '6': tVruX (i.e., tuXruX) or tVdruX (cf. Zide, op. cit., p.26.) [The re-construction of tVruX as the Proto-Munda '6' has to be distinguished from : Image: slanting: tiras'cata_ transversely (RV.); tiras'ca crossboard of bedstead (AV.); tiraccha-bhu_ta going wrong (Pali.); tiriccha, tiricchi, te_riccha, te_ricchia slanting, crosswise (Pkt.); tircha_va_ oblique, slanting (L.); tircha_ id. (P.H.); tircho, tercho, tyarch id. (Ku.); tercho, terso id. (N.); tircha_, tercha_ id. (B.); teracha, teracha_ id. (Or.); tiri_che crossways (OAw.); tirchu~ slanting (G.); tirsa_, tersa_ id. (M.); haras transverse (Si.); tra_su~ slanting, oblique (G.) < tara_ch balance?(CDIAL 5822). Image: balance: tara_cu balance (Tiruman. 2918); tara_su id. (Te.Ka.); tara_zu id. (U.)(Ta.lex.) Image: to straddle: tracdik to stand with legs separated, to straddle (Kho.); harahat.a athwart (Si.)(CDIAL 5822). cf. bagat.u to disjoin the legs, open the legs, straddle (Ka.)(DEDR 3818). tiriyan (Pali); tiryac (Vedic) transversely, horizontally (as opposed to vertically), slanting, across. (cf. tiras across (RV.); tiro_ across, beyond (Pali); tirka_, tirpa_ oblique (M.); tirikka slanting, crosswise (Pkt.); tirkas oblique (G.); tirka_, tirpa_ oblique (M.)(CDIAL 5823). tiryak across, obliquely (S'Br.); tiriyam across (Pali); tiria slanting, crosswise (Pkt.); tiryac oblique (AV.)(CDIAL 5825). Slanting: tre_d.d.a slanting, squinting (Skt.); t.red.o slanting, cross-eyed (S.); t.er.o cross, perverse (Ku.); slanting, squinting (N.); t.era_ crooked (A.); ter.a_ crooked (Or.); tred.au crooked (OG.); ted.u~ id. (G.); t.ed.u~ id. (G.); ted.a_ id. (M.); tid.a_ warped (M.); d.eur.ho crooked, crosswise (N.); teor.a_ id. (B.)(CDIAL 6071). t.e_ru slanting, crooked, squinting (Sh.); t.i_ra_ squinting (P.); t.eruwa_ squinting (A.); t.era_ crooked (A.); squinting (H.); t.era squinting (B.); t.era_ squinting (Or.); d.e_ra squinting (Pkt.); d.ero, d.er.o squinting (N.); d.era_ squinting (H.); d.hera_ squinting (H.)(CDIAL 5474). Image: squinting: t.agara squinting (Skt.); t.agra_ cross-eyed (H. ?< t.aggara)(CDIAL 5425). t.akkar pushing, knocking (P.)(CDIAL 5424). s're_d.a, s'rid.d.a, s're_d.ha, s're_d.d.ha slanting, squinting (Skt.) s.er.o blind in one eye (Pas'.); s.er.e blind (Wg.); s.ura, s.era blind (Dm.); s.e_r.a blind in one eye (Shum.); s.ir. blind (Kat..); s.e_r.o (Gaw.); s.e_^ra, s.e_a (Kal.); s.a_r, s.i_r (Bshk.); ser.o (Sv.); s.i_r.u (Phal.); s.evo (Sh.); ser.a_ having one eye smaller than the other, squinting (WH); s'ed.a_ the indistinct and shadowy appearance of an object seen by weak or short-sighted eyes or under deficient light (M.); ser.ha_, si_hr.a_ perverse, ignorant (P.); ser.ha bloodless, anaemic (Or.); ser.o having cataract in one eye (Ku.); ser.ho (WN.); ser.o squinting (N.); sid.d.a_ obstinacy (P.)(CDIAL 12717). Tusk: te_r-r-a tusk of a boar or young elephant (Ma.)(DEDR 3448). Image: curve of horn; rippling: tira wave (Ma.);