5072.Image: bowstring: ña_n. string, cord (Mullaip. 63); bowstring (Pur-ana_. 14,9); ña_n. string, cord (Ma.)(Ta.lex.)

5073.Image: to hang, decline: ña_l(l)utal to hang (Ci_vaka. 140); ña_luga id. (Ma.); jo_l (Ka.); va_lu id. (Te.); ña_llutal to decline, descend, as the sun (Pur-ana_. 82,2); ña_l.am flower-stalk (Ja_n-va_. Ur-pa. 30); cf. na_la (Skt.)(Ta.lex.)

5074.Image: lute: ña_r.. a stringed musical instrument (Perun.. Makata. 6,17); ya_r.. id. (Ta.lex.)

5075.Image: bastion: ña_yil breastwork in fortification, bastion (Cilap. 15,217); ña_yal id. (Ma.); ña_yil-ka_val guarding a town, as keeping watch over its fortress (Ta.lex.)

5076.Image: pedestal: ña_n-am a pedestal for seating a lin:ga when bathing it for worship, one of cala_can-am (Caivaca. Potu. 523)(Ta.lex.)

5077.Earth: ña_n-am earth; ña_lam earth (Pu. Ve. 2,14, Kol.u.); id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.)

5078.Intellect: ña_n-am intellect, intelligence, wisdom (Na_lat.i, 308); sacred or divine knowledge, spiritual wisdom (Tiruva_ca. 2,74); ña_n-a_n-a-k-kan. spiritual vision, inward illumination, opp. to u_n-a-k-kan. (As.t.ap. Tiruve_n:kat.atta. 76); ña_n-a-k-ku_ttan- S'iva, as who revels in wisdom (Civappira. 2,31); ña_n-a-k-kai spiritual knowledge, as a means of deliverance (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 2,9,2); ña_n-a-kuruparan- spiritual preceptor, guru (Tiruva_ta. Pu. Mantiri. 22); a_n-a-c-cut.ar light of wisdom (Tiv. Iyar-. 2,1); ña_n-a-campantar a canonized S'aiva saint (Te_va_. 2,11); an ascetic, the founder of Dharmapuram mutt, and author of Civapo_kaca_ram, Muttiniccayam, etc. 15th c.; a_n-a-t-ta_l.an- wise person, sage (Perun.. Vattava. 15,42); ña_n-a-na_yakan- master of spiritual knowledge (Kampara_. Iran.iyan-. 23); ña_n-a-p-putalvan- disciple, as spiritual son (Tiruva_lava_. 27,54); ña_n-a-p-pu_n:ko_tai goddess of S'ri Ka_l.ahasti (Te_va_. 1099,9); ña_n-a-pu_cai worship appropriate to a_n-a stage consisting of studying, teaching, etc. of sacred knowledge (Ci. Ci. 8,23); ña_n-a-mu_rtti God, as the embodiment of wisdom (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 4,7,1); ña_n-a-valliyam a treatise dealing with the suitability of sites for sinking wells, tanks, etc. (Perun.. Makata. 12,17); ña_n-a-viruttan- one who is ripe in knowledge or wisdom (Cilap. 15,94, Urai.); ña_ta_ one who knows (Ci. Ci. 4,29, Civa_k.); a_turu id. (Tiruman. 2381); ña_tam id. (Pa_rata. Intirap. 1)(Ta.lex.)

5113.Image: chisel: naiha_ turner's gouge (P.); niha_n.i_ turner's gouge (P.); niha_n. chisel for wood or stone (Ku.); nin chisel (B.); niha_n.a, niha_n.i_, nihan.a (Or.); niha_ni_, nahani_ (H.); niyana (Si.); nikha_dana a particular sharp instrument, chisel (Pali); naha_n. (P.); (CDIAL 7156). cf. a_n.i linch-pin (RV.); id., bolt, peg (Pali)(DEDR App.10). cf. n.ighasa, n.ihasa touchstone (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7170). Image: a tool used in turning: na_ka-va_y tool used in turning (W.)(Ta.lex.) na_ga-yas.t.i, na_ga-yas.t.ika_ a graduated pole or post for showing the depth of water in a newly-dug pond; a boring-rod driven into the earth (Skt.)(Skt.lex.) na_gaha a certain deep place in the Go_da_vari_ (Ka.); na_gahrada name of a ti_rtha of the Go_da_vari_ (Skt.)(Ka.lex.) nikha_ta (pp. of nikhan.ati) dug, dug out (of a hole), buried (of a body); dug in, erected (of a post)(Pali)(Pali.lex.) To pierce: ni_cuni to go through, pierce (Tu.); i~_ gu to enter, penetrate (?Te.); i_keng to pierce, thrust in (knife)(?Kol.)(DEDR 3686). Image: eye of needle: na_ko eye of needle (S.); na_ki eye of a needle (Or.); na_ka_ eye-end of needle (Or.H.); na_ku~ (G.); na_ke~ end of road (M.)(CDIAL 7037). na_ko eye of needle (S.)[semantically, cf. na_thro eye of a needle (N.)(CDIAL 7031).Image: to pierce: ne_n.- to enter (Go.); ne_nga_na_ id.; ne_ngusa_na_ to thrust, pierce; nenga_na_ to intrude; nenga_na_ to enter; necahta_na_ to make to enter; nehta_na_ to shut in (cattle); ne_n.- to enter; ne_h- to push in, thrust in; ne_n:g- to enter; ne_n.- to enter, pierce (Go.); nen:g- to enter (Mand..); neh- to put in (Kuwi)(DEDR 3764). niya place where there is litter and rubbish (Kho.)(CDIAL 7204). nighr.s.t.a rubbed (MBh.); n.ihat.t.ha (Pkt.); nihat.an.em. to rush forcibly (OM.); nehat.n.e~, nehet.n.e~, net.n.e~ to press hard on (M.)(CDIAL 7176). To bore right through: nis.parati comes out (TS.); nis.pa_rayati takes out, rescues (RV.); nis.piparti brings out (RV.); nipharna_ to pierce right through, come right through and out the other side (H.); nipha_rna_ to bore right through, take right through and out the other side (H.)(CDIAL 7512). Öniks. to pierce (AV. xix.29.1; RV. v.2.9)(Vedic.lex.) A blacksmith's tool: nia_rin a tool used by blacksmiths for planing wood? (WPah.)(CDIAL 7198)

5412.Image: harrow: nolla a harrow; nollu to level, scrape, gather, collect (Te.); lol- (-it-) to level soil in new paddy field (Kuwi)(DEDR 3788).

5119.Image: harrow: nikas.a harrow, roller (A_past.); touchstone (MBh.); nikasa whetstone (Pali)(CDIAL 7139). nikas.a wooden implement to level up ploughed field (Sat. xxvi.2); nikr.s. to drag down (TS.)(Vedic.lex.) nisiba_ to whet (Or.); nis'yati sharpens (AitBr.)(CDIAL 7456). nis'ita sharpened (RV.); nisita (Pali); n.isia (Pkt.); nisila_ (OM.); niyu (Si.)(CDIAL 7435). nikas.a the touchstone; the streak of gold or test made on it (Ka.); nikars.a (Skt.)(Ka.lex.) nis.ka a golden coin, a golden ornament for the neck, ornament (RV. vii.47.15; i.126.2; TMB. xviii.1.14); nis.ka-gri_va necklace-necked (RV. v.29.3)(Vedic.lex.) nis.ka gold ornament for neck or breast (RV.); specific weight of gold (Ya_j.); n.ikkha gold; a coin (Pkt.); nik a goldsmith's weight (Si.)(CDIAL 7470). nighr.s.va very brilliant, rubbed off (TA_r.)(Vedic.lex.)

5113a.Anvil: naha_i, niha_i_ anvil(Bhoj.); niya_ri anvil (A.); niha_n, neha_n, neya_n, niha_ni, neha_ni, niha_li (B.); niha_ni_ (-n-?)(Or.); niha_li_ (H.)(CDIAL 7171). nigha_ti iron hammer (Skt.); nigha_ta blow (Skt.); lihi anvil (N.); niha_i, neha_i, neya_i (B.); neha_i, nehi, liha_i (Or.); niha_i, neha_i (Bi.); neha_i_, naha_i_, liha_i, laha_i (Mth.); niha_u iron hammer (Bhoj.)(CDIAL 7172). liha_war large hammer (Mth.)(CDIAL 7173). nehae, ni~ha~i an anvil (Santali) (Santali.lex.)

5107.Image: axle of cart: nin:gha axle of cart etc. (Santali) (Santali. lex.)

5113a.Axle; axle-tree: ni_rsu axle (Go.); hi_rsu_ id. (Kuwi); irucu axle tree (Ta.); irasu, iracu, iricu, irucu, irci, ircu, era-ko_lu an iron axle-tree (Ka.); irusu axle, axle-tree (Te.); i.rcu axle (Kol.); irsu axle (Ga.); irs(u), irs id. (Go.)(DEDR 484).

5094.Image: trough: na_w feeding trough (Bi.)(CDIAL 7081). nipa_na watering place (Mn.); n.i(v)a_n.a watering trough for cattle beside well or tank (Pkt.); nava_n. watering place (G.)(CDIAL 7216).

5184.Image: resemblance: nakhrna_ (nakkhras) aux. vb. with idea of reciprocity, dispersion or severance (Kur.); naqe to act or be one to another (Malt.)(DEDR 3571). nakai resemblance (Tan.t.i. 33); nakal < naql duplicate, copy, opp. to acal (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) nakali imitation (Tu.)(DEDR 3569). Battle; enemies: nikarttal battle, fight; nikar id. (Ta.); nikara_r enemies (Kulo_t. Ko_. 384); nikitam army, troops (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) nisina_ similar, alike (A.)(CDIAL 7448). Comparison: nikara a term of comparison (Nan-. 367); nikar-ttal to be similar, alike (Tol. Po. 290); to rival (Ain:kur-u. 67); nikar comparison, simile, likeness (Kantapu. Tati_ciyut. 150); equal, parallel, match (Na_lat.i, 64); nika_cam < ni-ka_s'a likeness, similitude; resemblance (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) nikar equality (Ma.)(DEDR 3660). Pair: yugma even (Gr.S'r.); pair (S'a_n:khGr..); yugmaka (Skt.); jugga, jumma pair (Pkt.); jug (L.H.); yuga-ya (Si.)(CDIAL 10493). nakkitam two (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.)

5079.Image;like: na_i~_ like, after the manner of (H.)(CDIAL 5277). Knowing: ña_paka-k-karuvi that which serves as a means to knowledge, opp. to ka_raka-k-karuvi (Tol. Col. 74, Urai.); ña_pakan.-ku_r-al an art whereby the full content of a su_tra is merely indicated in general terms, one of 32 utti (Tol. Po. 666)(Ta.lex.) jña- at end of cmpds. 'knowing' (e.g. sarvaja, aja)(Skt.); jñapta instructed (S'Br.); jñapti understanding (Skt.); [- replaced by j- after ja_na_ti etc.:] jata_in.u to inform (S.); jata_un.a_ to remind, warn (P.); jataun.o to inform (Ku.); jata_unu to warn, reprimand (N.); jata_na_ to make known (H.); dat pret. of dananava_ (Si.); jata_vin.e~ to warn (M.); ñatti announcement (Pali); ja_ta publication (Or.)(CDIAL 5273). ja_ know; ja_ta known (AV.); ña_ta (Pali); in cmpds.: ñata, ñada (NiDoc.); n.a_ya (Pkt.)(CDIAL 5274). ja_taputra name of Maha_vi_ra (Jain.); n.a_yaputta (Pkt.); na_ut exorcizer, wizard (H.)(CDIAL 5275). n.a_i knowledge (Pkt.); like, as if (Skt.); n.a_vai id. (Skt.)(CDIAL 5277).  ja_yate_ is known (Skt.); najjai knows (Pkt.); noik, 3 sg. nar to become visible, appear (Kho.)(CDIAL 5284). Acknowledgement of favors: ja_na knowledge (S'a_n:khS'r.); ja_na_ (Skt.); na_i~_ like, after the manner of (H.)(CDIAL 5277). ña_n.a (Pali); ñanam. (As'.); ñana (NiDoc.); n.a_n.a (Pkt.); na_rna_ to learn, conjecture (H.); na_n.a knowledge (OG.); na_n.vu~ to know, experience (G.); na_na (Si.); ja_n.a knowledge (Pkt.); za_n (K.); ja_n.u presentiment, inkling (S.); ja_n. knowledge (P.G.); acknowdgement of favours (M.); ja_n knowledge (N.B.H.)(CDIAL 5281). ja_nin having knowledge (Mn.); ña_n.in (Pali); -nani the wise one (Si.inscr.); ja_n.i knowing (Pkt.)(CDIAL 5282). ja_pyate_ is made known (MBh.); n.appai knows (Pkt.); na_pn.a_ to measure (P.); na_pn.o (Ku.); na_pnu (N.); na_piba_ (Or.); na_pab (Mth.Aw.); na_pna_ (H.); ja_pan. to become known (L.); ja_pn.a_ (P.)(CDIAL 5283). je_ya to be known (Mn.); neya fit to be known, knowledge (Si.)(CDIAL 5285). Representation; binnapa, binna, binnaha (Tadbhava of vija_pana) representing, informing; respectful communication or representation; respectful petition (Ta.); vinnapa (Te.); binnapagey to make a respectful representation or humble petition (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) vin.n.appam representation (Ta.lex.) binnavisu, binnayisu, binnaysu (Tadbhava of vija_pisu) to communicate or represent respectfully; to petition respectfully (Ka.lex.)

5080.Deputy: na_yaba a deputy (Ka.); na_i_ba, na_yaba (M.H.); na_yabatirasteda_ra a native head clerk in an assistant collector's office (ka.lex.)

5081.Kinsman: ña_ti agnate (Pa_rata. Va_ran.a_. 27); relations; distant kinsman, one who does not participate in the oblations of food or water offered to deceased ancestors (Ta.lex.) ja_ti kinsman (RV.); ña_ti kinsman (Pali. As'.NiDoc. KharI.); ña_tika kinsman (As'.); na_tikye nom. sg., atika kinsman (As'.); ñati (NiDoc.KharI.); ñatiga, nadiga (KharI.); n.a_i (Pkt.); izna_ri sort (Kho.); na_ related (OSi.); na_ya_ relative (Si.); na~_na_ female cousin (Si.)(CDIAL 5276). na_to acquaintance (Ku.); na_to relationship (N.); na_ta_-gota_ relatives (N.); na_t relative (Aw.); kinsman (H.); kinship, alliance (H.); na_ta_ (H.); na_tara relationship, betrothal (OG.); na_tra_ pl. kin (OG.); na_tru~ widow's relationship as mistress; na_tu~, na_to kinship (G.); na_te~ (M.); na_to (S.); na_ta_ (L.); na_tta_ id., relative (P.); na_to wife's brother; ne_tt.u young relative (WPah.); a_taka kinsman (Pali)(CDIAL 5279). nat.t.lia_n.i wife's brother's wife (WPah.)(CDIAL 5280). a_tighara paternal home (Pali); na_yer, la_ihar, la_ihor wife's father's house (B.); naihar, nahira_ (Bi.); naihar, nehra_ (Mth.); naihar (Bhoj.Aw.H.)(CDIAL 5278). na_ti relation (Tiruvil.ai. Payakara. 41); protector ; na_tiyan- lord, master (Te_va_. 508,1)(Ta.lex.) Relationship: nan.t.u, nen.t.u relationship, friendship; nan.t.a, nen.t.a relative, kinsman, friend; nan.t.ike, nan.t.atana relationship (Ka.); nan.t.u, nan.t.asige, nen.t.asige kin, relationship; nen.t.e a relation (Tu.); nan.t.u friendship, a friend (Te.); nan.t.uka~_d.u friend, companion; fem. nan.t.ukatte (Te.); nan.n.u to be attached to; nan.n.unar friends, adherents; nat.pu, nan.pu friendship, relationship; nat.t.a_r, nat.t.o_r friends, relations; nan.iyan- one who is near (Ta.); nan.n.uka to remember with love and gratitude (Ma.)(DEDR 3588). Sister-in-law: na_ttan-a_r, na_tti, na_ttu_n. husband's sister (Ta.); na_ttu_n id., brother's wife (Ma.); na.tu.n.y sister-in-law, female cross-cousin (woman speaking in all cases)(Ko.); na_dani, na_dini, na_duni husband's sister, brother's wife; husband's younger sister, wife's sister, younger brother's wife (Ka.); andil, tantil elder brother's wife (Pa.); na_nr-a wife's younger sister (Kond.a); na_njar. id. (Mand..); nanjo sister-in-law (Kuwi); na_nja younger sister-in-law (Kui); na_sgo elder brother's wife (Kur.)(DEDR 3644). nana_ndr. husband's sister (RV.); nanandr., nanda_, nandini_ (Skt.); nanandar (Pali); n.an.am.da_ husband's younger sister (Pkt.); nana_nikyem my brother's wife (Shum.); nin.un husband's sister (S.); nina_n. husband's brother's wife, husband's sister (L.); nina_n. his sister (L.); nana_n., nan.ad his sister (P.); nan.a_nu_ his younger sister (P.); nana~d his sister (Ku.); nan.ad (WPah.); nanda (N.); nandi (A.); nanad (B.); nan.a(n)da (Or.); nan(a)di_ husband's sister (Mth.); nana(n)d, nanadi_, nanadiya_, nandi_ (H.); nanadini_ husband's or wife's sister (H.); nan.ad husband's sister (Marw.); nan.am.dara (OG.); nan.a~d, nan.al, nan.di_ his younger sister (G.); nan.a~d, nan.ad, nan.doli_, nan.duli_ his sister (M.); nan.ada (Konkan.i); na(n)di_, nanda_ father's sister, wife's mother (Si.)(CDIAL 6946).

5082.Image: crab: ñen.t.u crab (Akana_. 176); cancer in the zodiac (Ta.); ñan.t.u id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.)

5083.Sweet: napka (< nak-p; nakt-) to be sweet (Kui); r.ak- (-h-) id.; rakhni, lakne sweet (Kuwi)(DEDR 5180). mahka mahki sweet of smell (Santali.lex.) mousa_n. sweetness (Kon.lex.)

5084.Ornamentation: nakasi, naka_s'a, naka_si, naka_su, naks.a, naks.e ornamental representation; figured work, carved or sculptured work; engraving; embroidery (Ka.Te.); nakas'a_, nakas'i_, naka_s'a_ (M.H.); nakasi a picture, a drawing, a map, a plan (Ka.M.H.)(Ka.lex.) cf. nakalu, nakali a copy, a transcript (Ka.Te.); nakala (M.H.); nakalu imitation: mimicry, an anecdote; a ludicrous incident (Ka.M.H.) (Ka.lex.) namu_ne a specimen, a sample; a model; a copy (Ka.)Te.); namu_na_ (M.H.)(Ka.lex.)

5085.Image: guarding: nigu_t keeping carefully, care, heed, aptitude (M.): nirjugo_pa guarded (Skt.)(CDIAL 7309).

5086.Sail: laka_ra sail (Pali.lex.) layar sail (Malay. Indonesian); ruval-a sail of a boat (Si.)(CDIAL 10964). Wave: lahari_ large wave (Skt.); wave (Pkt.); na_ri wave, rapids, water shooting up (Kho.); lahari wave, fancy; laharo quaver, trill, whim (S.); lahir wave, whim (P.); lahar excitement (Ku.); lahari wave (A.); lahar (B.); nahara_ whirlpool (Or.); lahara wave (OAw.); lahar wave, emotion; lahra_ trill, lively air (H.); lahar.i, lahar.a_ wave (Or.); leher, ler wave, caprice (G.); lahar (M.); ral.a, rlla, rli wave, fold, wrinkle (Si.)(CDIAL 10999). ñalai-tal to wave, shake (Kantapu. Mutan-a_t.. 50)(Ta.); ala (Te.Ma.); ale (Ka.Tu.); alai wave, billow, ripple (Pin..)(Ta.); ala (Ta.Ma.); ale (Ka.Tu.); alai sea (Nait.ata. Na_t.t.u. 22); alai-y-e_r-u dashing of the waves (I_t.u, 7,2,2)(Ta.lex.) ale that moves to and fro: a wave, a billow (Ka.lex.) Stream: levni rivers (Kol.); lavni big river, streamlet; lavd.i_ stream; lavr.i, lavni stream, streamlet (Go.)(DEDR 5192). Crossing: cf. lan:ghana crossing (Pa_rGr.)(CDIAL 10906). cf. la~_gho fordable; ford (S.)(CDIAL 11010). Oarsman: cf. la_t.h, la_t. large beam, timber, water raising contrivance of three poles (M.); lar.h, lar.hi_ pole (S.)(CDIAL 10991). laur.i a stick which is twirled round on the fingers in much the same way as the Irishman twirls his shellalah, an oar; laur.iye acureda he is twirling his shellalah; laur.ia one who can twirl a shellalah, an oarsman; laur.ia kanae he is a twirler of the shellalah (Santali.lex.) River: na_gur.i river (Pe.); na_gur. id. (Mand..); na_gur.i id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 3636). ni_ra water (MBh.); ni_vara water, marsh (Skt.)[< Drav.](CDIAL 7552). ni_r water, sea, juice, liquor (Ta.); ni_ru water (Ka.Tu.Te.); di_r id., flood-water, juice (Br.)(DEDR 3690-a). Image: canal: nahar a canal, a large open drain (Santali) (Santali.lex.) na_vya_ navigable stream, stream (RV.); na_vya (Ka_s'. on Pa_n..); na_va_ canal (Pali); no~_, nu~_, na_wa mill-race (Ash.); nu~_ (Wg.Kt.); nawa_, na_a_k, nu_a_k (Pas'.); nuk (Kal.); na mill-race or aqueduct consisting of hollowed logs (Kho.); n mill-race, gun-barrel, hookah tube; na_i, pl. na_ya_ stream, ravine, pipe of bellows (these WPah. words have same range of meaning as nd.i_ which also provides word for 'mill-race' in Bshk. and Phal.); na_va gutter (Pers.); nx gutter (Par.)(CDIAL 7083). Freight; river: nai, nayi river; no_r, no_ra_ freight (Kon.lex.) na_vya accessible by a boat or ship, navigable (as a river etc.) (RV. i.80.8); boatman (A_pGS. vi.2)(Vedic.lex.) na~i a river, the Damuda river; na~i gad.a the Damuda river (Santali)(Santali.lex.) na_vya_ a navigable river (Skt.lex.) nadi_ river (RV.Pali); n.ai_ (Pkt.); len (Gypsy); nay a hill forest (K.); na~i~ mountain torrent (S.); nai~ natural watercourse, flood from the hills (L.); nai~_, nai river (P.); nei stream (WPah.); nai river (A.B.); small river (Or.); nai_ id. (Or.H.); nai(m.) (OG.); na(h)i_ (M.); nha~i (Konkan.i); niya (Si.); ne~_di_, ne_di_ (Ash.); na~di_ (Wg.); nani_ (Kt.); nali_ (Dm.); nandi_, nadi_ (Pas'.); nandi_ (Nin:g.); nadi_ (Shum.); nyed (Wot..); ne_ndi (Gaw.); ne_eli_ (Sv.); nande (Bshk.); ned (Tor.)(CDIAL 6943). nada roarer (RV.); roaring (Pali); n.ada (Pkt.); na~ho gong (S.)(CDIAL 6942). na_da roaring (RV.); sound, noise (R.); roar, loud noise (Pali); n.a_ya noise (Pkt.); si_-nay lion's roar (Si.); nay, na_ noise (Si.)(CDIAL 7052). To scoop out: na_r- (-t-) to scoop out (e.g. pulp of gourd for making vessel)(Pe.); na_r- (rat, etc.) to excavate, scratch out earth (Mand..)(DEDR 3652).

5087.Tribe; people: lo_k free space, world (RV.); space, territory (S'Br.); people (Mn.); world (Pali); loke the people (As'.); ia-lokam., hida-logam. this world (As'.); loo place (KharI.); lo_ga, lo_a world, people (KharI.); lo_ wide open ground (Wg.); lou tribe, family (S.); loi place of residence, lover's village (S.); lo_ village (L.); loa plural affix (OB.); loi people (OAw.); loe, loi_ (H.); loi the world (OG.); lov, lev, lo_ (Si.)(CDIAL 11119). Metath. kul.i, kul.ye tribe (Kon.lex.) lo_kya pertaining to this or the next world (S'Br.); laukya (AV.); laukika (S'rS.); lo_kiya, lo_kika mundane, worldwide (Pali); lo_ia mundane (Pkt.); lovi_ (Si.)(CDIAL 11125). ulakam < lo_ka the earth (Pin..); any world (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 6,10,1); country, territory, region (Tol. Po. 5); inhabitants of the world, manking in general (Tol. Col. 57, Ce_n-a_.); created beings (Tirumuru. 1); usage, custom (Ma_r-an-a. 320); ulakiyar-kai custom of the world (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 4,9,1); ulakiyal-var..akku actual usage of the world, dist. fr. na_t.aka-var..akku, i.e. stage usage (Tol. Po. 53); ulakar people of the world (Civatattuva. 7; Can. Aka.); ulako_r id. (Ko_yir-pu. Tiruvir..a_. 50); ulakurai tradition (Man.i. 27,49); ulaka-no_n-pu observance of religious rites by householders among Buddhists and Jains (Man.i. 5,99); ulaka-nat.ai fashion, custom, usage (Kur-al, 22, Ati. Ava.); ulakatta_r great men, men of eminence (Kur-al., 850)(Ta.); ulahu the earth, any world (Ma.); ulaka-vit.ai-kar..i public passage, as the gateway of a city (Cilap. 10,27); ulaka-viruttam statement that is at variance with public opinion or accepted notion (Man.i. 29,162); ulaka-v-ar-avi any big charitable institution; rest-house established for the benefit of all castes and classes (Man.i. 7,93)(Ta.lex.)

5088.To take the lead: no_k- (-t-) to go first, precede (Pe.); no_ka (no_ki-) to precede, go ahead of; no_ki ahead, in front of, in the van, in advance (Kui); no_kit.i ahead, in front of (Kui); no_kali to advance; no_k-, no_khee hannai to precede; no_ki ahead; no_kiti in front; no_kigattasi the first one; no_kita in front of, before; no_k- (-it-) to go ahead, precede; no_kita, no_ke'e in front of; o_khee hannai to precede (Kuwi); no_l. to precede, take the lead (Ka.)(DEDR 3799). cu_like, cu_l.ike the front, the van (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) luhu cuhu to take precedence (Santali.lex.)

5089.Boat: na_va_ a large ship (Jain.Skt.) Image: drum: na_va_y-p-par-ai drum used in neytal (maritime) tract (Ir-ai. 1, Pak. 17)(Ta.lex.) Image: ship: na_va_y vessel, ship (Pur-ana_. 13)(Ta.lex.) no_danam impelling, driving, urging forward; no_dayitr. one who urges forward or propels (Skt.)(Skt.lex.) nau a ship, boat, vessel; nau-a_ro_hah. a passenger on board a ship; a sailor; nau-karn.adha_rah. a helmsman, pilot; nau-karman the occupation of a sailor; nau-carah., nau-upaji_vanah., nau-ji_vikah. a sailor, boatman; nau-ta_rya navigable, to be traversed in a ship; nau-dan.d.ah. an oar; nau-va_nam navigation; nau-va_hah. a steersman, pilot, captain; nau-sa_dhanam fleet, navy; nauka_ a small boat, a boat in general (Skt.lex.) nauji_vika boatman (VarBr.S.); noi boatman, head boatman (Or.)(CDIAL 7608). na_va_yika [cf. Lat. navigo; Skt. na_va_ja] a mariner, sailor, skipper (Pali.lex.) na_va_ boat (RV.Pali); n.a_va_ (Pkt.); na_o, pl. nawi (Sh.); na_v, na_wi(K.); na_u, na_o (P.); nau (Ku.); na_i_ (OB.); na_, la_ (B.); na_, na_(h)a_ (Or.); na_w, naiya_ boat (Bi.); na_o boat (Mth.); na_u (N.A.Aw.H.); na_v (G.M.); na_vr.i_, na_vr.u~ (G.); nva (Si.)(CDIAL 7081). gharnai_ temporary raft made of waterpots and bamboos (Bi.H.)(CDIAL 4408). pana_i_ very small boat (such as is used on the Narmada_)(G.)(CDIAL 7921). nauka_-dan.d.a, nau-dan.d.a an oar (Ka.); nauka_nayana ship-leading (or building)(Ka.); nauke, nauka_ a small ship, a boat; nau-ta_rya navigable (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) One without a boat: nina_o, nina_i one without a boat (B.)(CDIAL 7335). cf. uru schooner, small vessel (Ta.); uru, uruvu vessel, ship (Ma.)(DEDR 659). lauka a boat, a dinghi (Santali. lex.) ro_ka boat (Skt.lex.) nauka_-ta_n-am present of a boat made of sugar-canes given to a bra_hmin on behalf of a deceased person on the eleventh day after his death (Ta.); nauka_, nau boat, ship (Cu_t.a_.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Cover of a boat: varaka cover of a boat, cloth (Skt.)(CDIAL 11310). cf. varatra_ strap, thong (RV.); varta leathern thong (S.)(CDIAL 11320).

5090.Boat used on the Indus; a liner: na_uk a boat used on the Indus (S.)(CDIAL 7081). na_vr.i_, na_vr.u~ boat (G.)(CDIAL 7081). na_vi vessel, ship (Man.i. 26,85); na_va_y vessel, ship (Pur-ana_. 13); navvi (Lat. navis; E. navy) boat, vessel, ship, dhoney (Kampara_. Pat.aitta. 47); navvu id. (Pa_rata. Ira_. 60); ni_va_n- steersman; ni_vu to pass beyond (Kur-icip. 20)(Ta.lex.) nava_t.a_ boat, dhoney (W.)(Ta.lex.) na_va_ a boat, ship (Pali); na_uh., na_va_ (Vedic); navis (Latin); na_va-tittha a ferry; na_va-sacaran.a (a place for) the traffic of boats, a port (Pali); na_va_ = sa_muddika_ a liner; with '500' passengers; = pota = don.i; 100 cubits long (Pali)(Pali.lex.) na_va_ boat, ship (sa nah. sindhumiva na_vayati pars.a_ 'na_va_'; RV. i.97.8); na_va_ja boatman, karn.adha_ra (S'Br.); nau boat, ship, nauka_ (RV. v.59.2; naurna pu_rn.a_ : TA_r.); nau-man.d.a side of a ship (S'Br.)(Vedic.lex.) na_vikan- < na_vika mariner (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.) na_va, nau, na_vu, na_ve a boat, a ship, a vessl; na_va_d.iga a boatman; a helmsman (Ka.); na_va_d.i_, na_va_d.ya_ id. (M.); na_va_ro_ha a passenger on board ship: a sailor etc. (Ka.Skt.); na_vika a passenger on board ship: a navigator, a sailor, the steersman, a pilot (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) na_va- prabhras'ana ship-wreck (AV. xix.39.8) (Vedic.lex.) Boatman: nur., nr.iya_ boatman (B.); na_ur.i (Or.); na_va_d.i_ (M.)(CDIAL 7081). na_vika sailor, helmsman (MBh.); sailor (Pali)[mariner, captain, ferryman (Pali.lex.)]; n.a_via (Pkt.); na_iya (MB.); neye (B.); naiya_ boatman, ferryman (H.); nvi sailor (Si.)(CDIAL 7082). Boat made of reeds: lauka a boat, a dinghi (Santali.lex.) Boat made of reeds: ro_ka boat (Skt.lex.) r.o- (-t-) to fasten, attach, suspend; r.oser bamboo frame for drying things in winter (Kond.a); r.o- (-t-) to hang up (Pe.)(DEDR 5184). nauka_, nau boat, ship (Cu_t.a_.)(Ta.); nauka_-ta_n-am present of a boat made of sugar-canes given to a bra_hmin on behalf of a deceased person on the eleventh day after his death (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) niya_maka controlling (MBh.); charioteer, sailor (Skt.); nirya_ma sailor (Skt.); n.ijja_maya, n.ijja_vaya (Pkt.); niya_ma, niya_maka ship's captain, pilot (Pali); n.ia_maya controlling (Pkt.); niyamuva_ pilot, captain (Si.)(CDIAL 7253).

5091.Ship: naga a ship (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) nag, naga_ ship, vessel; naga_ga_r, naga_ga_ra_ sailor; na_ik, na_ika_ captain (Kon.lex.) na_kai a sea-port town in Tanjore district (Kulo_t. Ko_. 173); na_ka-p-pat.t.in-am id. (Perumpa_n.. 37, Urai.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Oar: na_kku blade of an oar (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) nakuta_ captain of a ship (Ta.); na_khuda_ id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Anchor: nan:ku_rm anchor ((Tiv. Tiruma_lai. 38, Vya_. Pak. 128)(Ta.lex.) id. (Ma.); nan:kuram id. (Ci_vaka. 2231, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) nan:gal, lan:gar id. (Ka.); nan:garu, nan:galu, lan:garu id. (Tu.); lan:garu id. (Te.); na_gara anchor (Skt.); na_gar (M.); la_n:gar (H.); lan:gar (Pers.); cf. Gr. agku~pa (DBIA 222). na_ngor, na_ngra_ anchor (Kon.lex.) na_kara an anchor (Ka.); na_gara, na_n:gara an anchor (M.)(Ka.lex.)

5092.Image: ox treading sheaves on threshing floor: na_val a shout of driving the oxen while treading sheaves on the threshing floor (Nan-. 101, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)

5093.Image: shout: na_val a shout of joy made while heaping grain on the threshing-floor (E_rer..u. 59); a shout of victory in the form of na_valo_-na_val (Tiv. Tiruma_lai. 1)(Ta.lex.) na_vayati makes shout (Gr.); navate_ shouts, bellows (RV.); naieik to frighten (game)(Kho.)(CDIAL 7080). na_va shout of joy or triumph (RV. viii.25.11; ix.4.5.5)(Vedic.lex.) Learned: na_valar poets, orators, the learned (Tiruva_ca. 34,1); ministers (Ci_vaka. 206); the Brahmins (Te_va_. 297,3); na_va_l. Sarasvati_ (Ce_tupu. Civati_r. 46)(Ta.lex.) Image: to say, declare: navil (navilv-, navin-r--) to say, tell, learn, utter, sound loudly, sing, perform (as a dance); navir-r-u (navir-r-i-) to say, utter, declare with authority; nuval (nuvalv-, nuvan-r--) to say, declare, utter; n. word, saying; nuvar-ci saying, utterance (Ta.); nw voice; song (To.)(DEDR 3616). nivacana invocation (RV.); nivakti reviles (MBh.); niva_cayati (Skt.); neosa_ a curse (A.); neosiba to curse (A.)(CDIAL 7415).

5095.Acampe papillosa: Acampe papillosa = saccolabium papillosum: nakuli (M.); rasna (Skt.Ma.); root: bitter tonic, used in rheumatism; alkaloid, bitter resin; habitat: Bengal and the lower Himalayan mountains from Sikkim eastwards, Assam, Gangetic delta, the Circars (GIMP, p.3) ra_sna_, gandhana_kuli_ (Skt.); ra_sna_ (B.H.); Synonym: cymbidium tessaloides "under the name of ra_sna_, the roots of vanda roxburghii and acampe papillosa, are both indiscriminately used by native physicians... ra_sna_ root is said to be fragrant, bitter and useful in rheumatism and allied disorders, in which it is prescribed in a variety of forms... with gulancha, devada_ru, ginger... with bdellium (ra_sna_ guggulu)... ra_sna_ enters into the composition of several medicated oils for external application in rheumatism and diseases of the nervous system, such as the maha_ma_s.a taila, madhyama nara_yana taila etc." (Sanskrit Materia Medica, pp. 259-260). cf. ra_sne the ichneumon plant = na_kuli (Ka.lex.)

5096.Unguis odoratus: nakhi unguis odoratus; "this nakhi according to Rumphius who describes ten kinds of the odoriferous onyx which serve as the basis of the principal perfumes in the Indian Islands (Herb. Amb. ii.c.17) is the operculum or lid of the shells of purpura and murex. This being flat and something like a nail explains the origin of its name." (Royle's Antiquity of Hindu Medicine, p. 144; loc. cit. Sanskrit Materia Medica, p.15). nakha a particular perfume, apparently a dried shell-fish (Ka.lex.)

5097.Cyperus pertenuis: nagare, na_gara the fragrant root of cyperus pertenuis (Ka.lex.)

5098.Oleander: nakha a fragrant substance used in perfumes (Br.hatsam.hita_. LXXVI. 23-26); nakhara_hva fragrant oleander, karavi_ra (Skt.lex.) na_, na_r-u smell; na_bal.l.i, na_r-ambe_l.e an annual strongly smelling herb, gynandropsia pentaphylla, ajagandhike (Ka.lex.) cf. na.r- smells (Kod..)(DEDR 2918). Oleander: karavi_ra a fragrant oleander, nerium odorum (Ka.lex.) pon.d. raj baha, raj baha nerium odorum (Santali.lex.) aral.i, arali, aralai oleander, nerium odorum; aral.i fetid tree, sterculia foetida (Ta.); aral.i, alari nerium odorum; plumeria acuminata (Ma.)(DEDR 210). cf. kan.avi_ram red oleander (Ta.)(DEDR 1164). karavi_ra (Skt.)(CDIAL 2800). gulanj baha plumeria acutifolia (Santali.lex.)

5099.An incense: nakam an article of incense (kat.inakan te_vatu_pa mutaliya viraika l.it.t.u : Tailava. Taila. 43)(Ta.lex.) nakha a perfume (Ka.lex.) cf. karaja a perfume (Ka.lex.) cf. na_kan.am an aromatic substance; prob. na_gagandha_ (Tailava. Taila. 43, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) na_kam cinnamon, cinnamomum, ja_r..al vakai (Tiva_.); mastwood, pun-n-ai; long-leaved two-sepalled gamboge (Cir-upa_n. 88); cf. curapun-n-ai; punna_ga (Skt.); na_kam cuscus root (Can.. Aka.); white basil (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.) cf. na_ga-da_l.e name of a strong-smelling shrub; na_gasampage a middle-sized tree, mesua ferrea; na_gake_sara the tree mesua ferrea; the tree mimusops elengi (Synonym: bakul.a)(Ka.lex.)

5100.Milkwort: nan:kai species of milkwort, polygala glabra; large milkwort, polygala telephoides (Ta.); nan.n.a a herb, polygala (Ma.)(DEDR 3573).

5101.Dalbergia arborea: cf. ka_nagu dalbergia arborea, dalbergia lanceolaria rosewood (Ka.); kr.a_n. mra_nu Indian beech tree (Kond.a)(DEDR 1507). pun:ku rosewood, dalbergia lanceolaria (Ta.)(DEDR 4341). cf. iruvil., iru_l. dalbergia sisu (Ma.); bi_t.i blackwood (Tu.); kari-bi_t.i ebony, dalbergia latifolia (Tu.)(DEDR 483). cf. nu_kku sissoo wood, dalbergia sissoo (Ta.)(DEDR 3721). tinis'a ougeinia dalbergioides (Car. Ci. 1-2.12, 1-3.3). nu_kkam, nu_kku sissoo wood, dalbergia sissoo (Ta.); nu_ke blackwood (Ka.); nu~_ka a kind of tree; nu_ka-ma_nu blackwood (Te.)(DEDR 3721). nemmi dalberga oujeinensis (Ka.); nemmi id. (Te.); nemi id. (Skt.)(DEDR 3744). Ougeinia dalbergioides = ougeinia dalbergioides = dalbergia ougeinensis: tinisha (Skt.); sandan (H.P.); tinis (B.); timas (M.); malavenna (Ma.); narivengai (Ta.); tallamotuku (Te.); bark: ferbifuge; when incised furnishes a kino-like exudation which is used in dysentery and diarrhea; in decoction, given when the urine is highly coloured; habitat: sub-Himalayan tract and outer Himalayan valleys and slopes up to 5,000 ft., from the Punjab to Bhutan, Oudh, Bundelkhand, Chota Nagpur, Madhya Bharat, Orissa, and the Circars, Madhya Pradesh, Bombay and Marwar of Rajputana (GIMP, p.183). cf. hulivili dalbergia oujeinensis = ougeinia dalbergioides (Ka.lex.)

5103. A bullock load: naga a load of articles; a bullock load; an ornament; an article, a piece (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

5104.Image: number '7': na_ga, naga the number 'seven' (Skt.lex.) naga the number seven, e_r..u (Ka.lex.)

5105.Image: procession; coat of armour: can-n-a_kam coat of armour (Ci_vaka. 2236, Urai.); preparation, preparedness, as for war; royal procession with paraphernalia (Ta.lex.) Armour: sam.na_ha tying on, girding on armour (MBh.); coat of mail (AitBr.); sanna_ha armour (Pali); sam.n.a_ha (Pkt.); sana_ cloak (Ash.); senemno clothes (Kt.); sa_na_ corselet (MB.); sana_h armour, accoutrements (H.)(CDIAL 12928). nah tie (Skt.); nahati binds,. ties (MBh.); nahyati (RV.); nahna_ to bind, tie (H.); na_thn.o to bind, entangle, subdue (Ku.); na_thiba to tie with several coils of rope (A.); nandhiba_ to tie front end of beam of cart to middle of yoke (Or.)(CDIAL 7034). cf. naddha tied; n. band, fetter, trace (AV.) (CDIAL 6044). nandhi thong (Pali); naddhi tying of a knot (AitBr.)(CDIAL 6945). cf. nakai garland of pearls (Kalit. 92,33); jewels (Ta.); naga id. (Te. Ka.Ma.Tu.)(Ta.lex.) can-n-a-vi_ram a garland indicative of victory (Patin-o. Tirukkaila_yaa_. 19)(Ta.lex.) cf. nayhati [Vedic nahyati] to tie, bind; nodus (Lat.); nahu (Vedic); nandhi a strap, thong (Pali)[Skt. naddhri, naddha, pp. of nah to bind]; na_ha armour (Pali); onayhati [ava + nayhati] to tie down, to cover over, envelop, shroud; pp. onaddha bound, tied, put over, covered; unnahana_ [ud + nah] flattering, tying or pushing oneself on to somebody, begging; pil.ahyati [api + nayhati; cf. Skt. pinahyate] to fasten on, put on, cover, dress, adorn (Pali)(Pali.lex.) cf. pin.ai (-v-, -nt-) to entwine; tie, fasten, clasp each other's hands as in dancing (Ta.); pun.ai (-pp-, -tt-) to unite, tie; n. fetters, pledge, security, surety (Ta.)(DEDR 4160). A weapon: can-n-akam a weapon (Ta.lex.) cf. san-na_ha dressing, fastening together; armour, mail; sannayhati [ san + nayhati] to tie, bind, fasten, to arm oneself; pp. sannaddha fastened, bound; put on, clothed; armed, accoutred (Pali.lex.)

5106.Image: dent: nokku dent, impression, pressure, squeeze; to press, squeeze, pinch, indent (Te.); okkuka to indent (Ma.); okku to scratch, make furrows (Tu.); nogulu to be pressed, squeezed, suffer under physical pressure; nogul(u)cu to crush (Te.)(DEDR 3780). lecke dent (Santali.lex.) cf. neku (nekuv-, nekk-) to suffer, be distressed (Ta.)(DEDR 3733). nekku (nekki-) to press, push; push, thrust (Ta.); ekkuka to press, strangle, squeeze, crush (Ma.); nerk- (nerky-) to rub between the hands, twirl; nag- (nagy-) to become dented, slightly hollowed; nagc- to dent (Ko.); naggu a bruise in metal vessels; nekku to be depressed, sink; ner..gu, neggu to be curved or bent inward (Ka.); an.n.u, akku crushing, bruising into a jelly or mass (Tu.); nek- (-t-) to push, push out, kick off (Kond.a)(DEDR 2927). cokr.o, lecke to dent (Santali.lex.) anukrakaca serrated, dentated like a saw; anukrakatam chid indent; anukrakaca indented (Skt.lex.) cf. ner-i curvedness; crooked, curved (Te.)(DEDR 2935).

5108.Image: ring: nikka, nilka, nis.ka a golden ornament for the neck or breast; a weight of gold varying in value at different times; gold (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) nikkha a ring, a golden ornament for neck or breast (Pali)[nis.ka (Vedic); nasc ring (Old Irish); nusca bracelet (Old High German); nikkha (already Vedic) a golden coin or a weight of gold, equal to 15 suvan.n.as; suvan.n.a-nikkha, singi-nikkha; suvan.n.a-nikkha-satan 100 gold pieces (Pali); nekkha a golden ornament, a certain coin of gold; jambonada nikkha (Pali.lex.)

5110.Gap, crack: ni_kka, ni_kku gap, chin, crack; ni_kkal hole, opening; ni_kki leakage; ni_ppu separation, parting; ni_kku separation, removal, opening, cleft, crack, deduction, remainder, balance (Ta.); ni_kki except (Ma.); ni_gu to take away (Ka.); i~_gu to remove; ni~_gu id., get rid of (Te.); ni_mpal interstice; ni_vu to break asunder as a chain (Ta.)(DEDR 3685). Image: to cut: nit.h to cut, shear, clip (Dm.); nya_t. to shear (wool)(Phal.); netun to cut or pluck off hair of an animal, shear (K.)(CDIAL 7138). nikut.t.ana pounding (Skt.); n.ikut.t.e_i cuts, beats (Pkt.); ne~u~t. the block or plank on which a carpenter hews his timber (P.)(CDIAL 7144). nikr.tta cutting off (MBh.); neth, dat. ne_c^u removing wool of sheep etc. by cutting or plucking (K.)(CDIAL 7145). nikr.ntate_ cuts oneself; nakha_ni nikr.ntati cuts one's nails (TS.); nikr.ntati cuts off (Ka_tyS'r.); nikantati cuts off (Pali); n.ikim.tai (Pkt.); ne~r. to shave (Pas'.)(CDIAL 7146). nakhut.t.n.a_ to be decreased, be reduced to nothing (P.)(CDIAL 7148). nikreno_nu a horizontal cutting in a hill-side (Kho.)(CDIAL 7152). Image: bit, piece; narrow passage: nukku bit, piece; nukku-tal to break in pieces, grind to powder, crush (Ta.); nuggu (Te.Ka.); nokkuka (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) nugul., nusul. to enter a door or a small, narrow passage or opening, to go in with difficulty, to squeeze through, to creep in, to get into, to enter (Ka.); nor..ai (Ta.Ma.); pp. nugul.du (Ka.); nugul.cu to cause to enter a small, narrow passage etc.; nuggu to pass by pressing, to squeeze through, to force one's self into, to enter without permission, as a door, a house, to creep into, as into a hole (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

5111.Image: aim, mark: nika_ mark, aim; idea, notion (W.)(Ta.); ni_ga_ (U.); nika_ya (Skt.)(Ta.lex.)

5112.Image: trembling: nigha, ni_gha rage, trembling, confusion; anigha not trembling, undisturbed, calm (Pali)(Pali.lex.) nukna_ to shake, cause to oscillate, esp. up an down; refl. pass. nuk^urna_; nukru_ shaky, tottering (Kur.); nukta'a_na_ to cause another to shake something (Kur.); nuke to shake; nukre to swing, rock, be shaken (Malt.)(DEDR 3696). nimir(ru)-tal to bend, shake (Maturaik. 679)(Ta.) (Ta.lex.) Image: to shake: ruku to shake; rukum rukum to shake, to shiver; lokoe lokoe to shake, tremble; lukur, lukur lukur to tremble, shake, quiver; lukluk to shiver, to tremble (Santali.lex.)

5114.Exchange: ni_ha_ra a thing that is given in exchange for a thing purchased (Ka_t.haka Sam.hita_. ix.5)(Vedic.lex.)

5115.To bestow; image: piece of cloth wrapped round the waist: Öni_ to bestow (TS. ii.3.12.1); nihr. to offer as a gift or reward (TS. i.8.4.1); niha_ to bow before, yield to (RV. v.57.3); ni_ta brought (RV. ix.6.24); ni_vya_ present, gift (RV. vi.32.4); ni_vi a piece of cloth (or a money-container) wrapped round the waist, petticoat (AV. iii.2.16); ni_vi-bha_rya to be worn in a skirt (AV. viii.6.20) (Vedic.lex.)

5116.Present to a weaver: nin:gr.auni a present given to the weaver by the person for whom he is weaving on finishing the web (Santali) (Santali.lex.) To finish the work: nin:grau to finish, to complete, to exhaust; kamile nin:gharkeda we finished the work (Santali) (Santali.lex.) Price, worth: nis.kr.ta completely made, prepared (RV. v.67.1; TS. iv.3.11.2); nis.kr.ti complete development; price, worth (TS. v.4.2.3); requittal (VS. xxx.9) (Vedic.lex.) Treasure: nikaram treasure, gift (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) na_n.-kot.ai customary offering made to relations, friends etc., on auspicious occasions (Cukkirani_ti. 145)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) nigara (Tadbhava of nikara) the uppermost or best of anything, the state of being very charming, beautiful or good, excellence (Ka.); nikara a treasure, the best of anything; a suitable gift (Ka.lex.) nikarili-co_r..aman.t.alam a division of Mysore when it formed part of the co_r..a dominion; nikarilico_r..an- one of the titles of Ra_jara_ja I (I.M.P.Tn. 109)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) nigadi fixing (as daily hire, salary, or tribute); deciding, decision (in a discussion) (Ka.H.) (Ka.lex.) Fee, tribute: nikuti fee, tribute (C.G.)(Ta.lex.)

5117.Wild rice: ni_va_ra wild rice; sg. the plant; pl. the grains (TS. iv.7.4.2) (Vedic.lex.)

5118.Image: comb: nakic a comb; rot nakic to comb the hair and tie up; kat. rakic a wooden comb; deren. nakic a comb made of horn; kundag nakic a comb worn in the hair by men; kakri nakic a small toothed comb (Santali.lex.) Image: comb: naki a haircomb; hence the cmpds. darunaki, dirinnaki, jannaki, madnaki, mer.ednaki a comb made of wood, horn, horn, bone, bamboo, iron; d.ulianaki a comb made of bamboo by the D.ulia caste; bur.ianaki a plain comb; sadomnaki a horse comb; pr.naki a weaver's comb; naki a garden rake; a layer of cells in a honey comb, either full or empty (Mu.lex.) nanari comb (Gypsy)(CDIAL 11006).

5120.Image: to subdue: nikr. to bring down, subdue, overcome (RV. i.164.29) (Vedic.lex.)

5121.To besmear, to smooth: nisⁱgna_ (nisgyas) to overlay with a coating of earth carefully smoothed down, stop a hole with earth, besmear with any adhesive substance; refl.-pass. nisⁱgrna_ (Kur.); nisge to smooth; nisgro smooth; nisye to shampoo (Malt.)(DEDR 3666). nimajjati dives in, sinks in (AitBr.); nimujjati dives in (Pali); n.imajjai, n.umajjai (Pkt.); namijoiki to bathe, be washed (Sh.); namoiki to dip (sheep)(Sh.)(CDIAL 7232). nival. clear, pure, limpid (M.)(CDIAL 7236). ne_jaka washerman (Mn.); nio id. (S.)(CDIAL 7585). ne_cakan- washerman (Ta.lex.) Bleaching, dyeing: nikha_r any substance for cleaning clothes (L.); nakha_r soap or potash for bleaching or washing cloth (P.); nikha_r drainage, distillation (Ku.); ebbing of tide (G.); nicha_r investigation (Sh.)(CDIAL 7097). X cf. ka_ram (Ta.Ma.) caustic, alkali, soda (Ta.lex.) nikkharna_ to clear (of the sky), be cleared, be bleached (P.); nikharn.o to flow gently, drip, drop (Ku.); nikhranu to come to an end (N.); nikharal to clean (Bhoj.); nikharna_ to be strained, be settled, become clear, be peeled (H.); nikharvu~ to be strained, be settled, become clear, be peeled (H.); nikharn.e~ to be clean gone (of clouds etc.); nisarn.e~ to slip, slide (M.); nikharvu_ to be washed clean (G.)(CDIAL 7095). nicharab to beat (clothes in washing)(Bi.)(CDIAL 7096). nicharoiki to pick out, separate, investigate (Sh.); nikha_ran. to clean or bleach clothes (L.); nikha_rn.a_, nakha_rn.a_ to cleanse (P.); nikha_rn.o to let fall in drops, distil (Ku.); nikha_rnu to wring out water, take away completely (N.); nikha_riba_ to examine a thing by scratching, examine closely (Or.); nikha_rna_ to strain, clarify, make settle, peel (H.); nikha_rvu~ to bleach (G.); nikha_rn.e~ to clear away (M.)(CDIAL 7098). nikha_r well-washed clothes (P.)(CDIAL 7099). nikha_rab to beat (clothes in washing) (Mth.); nicha_l.vu~ to cleanse an earthen vessel by rubbing it inside with cloth (G.)(CDIAL 7100). To be purified, shine, glitter: nij, ninj to wash (Ash.); nijyate_ washes (MBh.); nij, niz (Wg.); nij, ninj (Kt.)(CDIAL 7185). nigim I wash (Kal.); nigik to wash (hands, clothes, etc.)(Kho.); nigeik to wash something for someone else (Kho.)(CDIAL 7167). nikta washed, purified (RV.); n.ikka clear (Pkt.); nikki lo early dawn (WPah.); nika_ clean (A.); to wipe, plaster with cowdung (B.); sweeping a house clean (Or.); nika_iba to cleanse (Or.); nika fine and clean (only of rice)(Or.); ni_k, nika_h good (Mth.); ni_ka_, neka_ good, beautiful (H.);[cf. ne_k (Pers.)]; ni_k good (Aw.); ni_ka_ adv. well (OMarw.); ni_ku~ clear, pure, fine (G.); nika_ pure, good (M.)(CDIAL 7150). nirjhara waterfall, torrent (MBh.); nijjhara waterfall (Pali); n.ijjhara (Pkt.); nizara_ small hill stream, spring (A.); ni_jhar, nijjhar waterfall, spring (H.); nijhar gentle trickling (M.); nidara cascade (Si.)(CDIAL 7327). nizariba to flow gently, ooze out, drip (A.); nijharn.e~ to drip, leak (M.); n.ijjharan.a waterfall; n.ijjharan.i_ river (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7329). nigra_bhya_ the water which is sprinkled on the soma plants before they are pressed (TS. iii.1.8.1)(Vedic.lex.)

5122.Image: to trample: nighus. to trample down, crush, destroy (RV. viii.50.8) (Vedic.lex.)

5123.Image: procession: ni_ka_si_ bridegroom's procession in the marriage ceremony (OMarw.)(CDIAL 7485).

5109.To throw out: nikkad.d.hati to throw out; pp. geha_ nikkad.d.hita to throw out; ni_hat.a [(pp. of niharate = nirhr.ta (Skt.)] thrown out, removed; ni_haran.a taking out, carrying away; ni_harati to take out, to throw out, drive out (Pali) (Pali. lex.) ni_ (-pp-, -tt-) to separate from, leave, be removed; ni_n:ku (ni_n:ki-) to leave, be released, discharged, be excluded; ni_n:kal removing, separating; ni_kku (ni_kki-) to remove, exclude (Ta.); ni_kkam removal, departure; ni_kkuka to put away, aside, remove, abolish; ni_kkikka to cause to remove, withdraw a complaint (Ma.); ni.k- (ni.ky-) to brush away (dirt)(To.); ni_gu to quit, leave, get rid of, remove, take away, be got rid of; ni_gisu to cause to quit (Ka.); ni.ng- (ni.ngi-) to go aside; ni.k- (ni.ki-) to put aside, remove (Kod..); i~_gu to remove; ni~_gu id., get rid of (Te.)(DEDR 3685).

5124.Images: spring of water; doorway; channel: nika_s, nika_so issue, source, spring (of water)(Ku.); nika_s outlet (N.); nika_s outlet for water (B.); nika_si exit (N.); nika_s main doorway (Bi.); niksa_r main doorway (Bi.)(CDIAL 7485). nire_ti goes out, departs (RV.); ni_i goes (Pkt.); ne_-, ni_- to go out (Pas'.)(CDIAL 7288). ni_t.t.u distance (Tiruva_lava_. 26,8)(Ta.lex.) nirga_t aor. goes out (RV.); n.iggai comes out (Pkt.); nigan.em. (OM.); niga_le m. pl. (OM.)(CDIAL 7303). nirgama departure, outlet (R.); niggama conclusion (Pali); n.iggama going out, road leading out (Pkt.); niga_va_ way out (OM.); niggamana going away (Pali); aor. subj. nirgama_ni departs (RV.); n.iggamama_n.a pres. part. (Pkt.); nigamvu~ to elapse, drop gently (G.); nirgamayati makes set out (BhP.); n.iggamia expelled (Pkt.); nim.gamai, ni_gavai_ loses (OG.); nigamvu~ to get rid of (G.)(CDIAL 7296). nin:gra_ spring of water, hill streamlet (Or.)(CDIAL 7297). nirgi_rn.a vomited out (R.); nin:griba_ to be squeezed out (Or.)(CDIAL 7298). nigrai_n branch of a shallow spring (Bi.)(CDIAL 7300). nirgalita flowed out (Skt.); ni~galno pres. part. coming to an end (of a period of time)(Ku.); nigaldo (N.); ni~_gal.vu~ to drip (G.); n.iggiliya vomited (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7301). niga_r.iba_ to squeeze out juice, pour off liquid to the last drop (Or.)(CDIAL 7302). nicha_l.n.o to throw water, let water drip from (Ku.) (CDIAL 7446). nis'ca_rayati makes issue (Car.); niccha_re_ti emits (Pali)(CDIAL 7445). n.iccalai drips, falls, leaks (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7442). nicarnu to wring out (N.); nicarn.e~ to ooze out (M.); nis'carati comes forth (RV.); niccharati comes out (Pali); niccharan.a emanation (Pali)(CDIAL 7441). Oozing liquid: niga_l water running from a well, right to irrigate from a well (L.); ni~ga_l, nin.a_l expiry, latter part (of a period of time)(Ku.); ni~ga_l.o stream of dripping or oozing liquid; ni~ga_l.a_ pl. sediment (G.)(CDIAL 7305). n.igga_liya melted (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7306). nin.a_rn.o to dissolve, digest, grind (Ku.); nigra_na_ to separate, decide, make clear (H.)(CDIAL 7304). ni~_ghal.vu~ to be ripe and ready to fall (G.); nighal.n.e~ (grist) to pass through the mill (M.)(CDIAL 7316). nigha_r foam on fermented rice liquor (N.); nighal. grist which adheres to pin of mill (and is afterwards let down to grind)(M.)(CDIAL 7317). nigha_ran.u to purify (S.); nighal.n.e~ to let (grist) run through mill (M.)(CDIAL 7318). nigar.a_ squeezing out the juice, liquid squeezed out; nin:gr.a_ spring of water, hill streamlet (Or.)(CDIAL 7292). nin.r.a_na to cause to drip, squeeze (B.); nigir.iba_ to ooze, be squeezed out; caus. nigar.eiba_ (Or.); nigariba to drip, come out; caus. nigara_iba (A.); nigra_ squeezed out in: nigra_ ras thick sugarcane juice (H.)(CDIAL 7293). Image: to polish up; clean: nighan.sati to rub, rub against, graze, chafe; to polish up, clean; nighan.sa rubbing, chafing (Pali); nighars.a (Skt.)(Pali.lex.) Bright: nikar-ttal to shine; to be visible (Tirukko_. 183) (Akana_. 11); nikam brightness, brilliance; cf. nij wash (Skt.); nikar..-tal to shine (Patir-r-up. 49,15, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) Purified, clean: ne_ga beauty, nicety (Tu.); niya, niya_t. good (Ga.); nehna_ good, handsome (Go.); nihna_, nehna, ne'na good (Go.); nahnal excellent, good (Go.); negi good (Kond.a); nekri good (Pe.); nehi, negi good (Kui); nehi, nehi_ id. (Kuwi); neke to get well (Malt.)(DEDR 3735). negar..to undertake, engage in, prepare, perform, do, make, cause to act, come, be used, be finished (Ka.); negar..te action, work, practice, rites, conduct (Ka.); negad.u to increase, spread, extend, progress (Te.); neggu to be successful, thrive, prosper (Te.); nikar.. to happen, occur, continue, be performed, enter (Ta.)(DEDR 3661). nege to be purified, become clear, shine (Ka.); niga_su glitter, shining (Tu.); niganiga brilliancy, lustre (Te.); niga_rincu to shine, glitter (Te.); niggu brilliancy (Te.); negad.u to be published, be well-known or famous (Te.); negar.. to become manifest, shine, appear (Ka.); nikar to shine; n. lustre, splendour (Ta.); nikar.. to shine (Ta.); niga, nigi glow (Ka.); niga niga, nigi nigi very glowingly or brightly (Ka.); negar..te fame, accomplishment (Ka.); negad.(i)ta fame (Te.)(DEDR 3659). nikhur pure (of colour), all of one colour (N.); nikharo pure, unalloyed (N.)(CDIAL 7496). Firebrand: negad.i large fire lighted for warmth in cold weather or to keep off wild beasts (Te.); nekit.i id. (Ta.); ekir..i firebrand, piece of wood used for kindling fire by friction, fire, fuel; nekir..i fire (Ta.)(DEDR 2924). Image: potter's kiln: niha~_i potter's kiln (S.)(CDIAL 7206). nia_tau, nia_tu hot (WPah.); nitapti emits heat, consumes by fire (AV.)(CDIAL 7188). niya_nu hot (esp. of weather)(N.); niyan hot dry season (Si.); nidahati burning (RV.)(CDIAL 7193). nigh heat (L.); niggh warmth; niggha_ moderately warm (P.); niggo warm (WPah.); niyaga, niyan:ga, niyan. dry hot season (Si.)(CDIAL 7195). Image: to shine; to melt: neku-tal to melt (Tol. Po. 114) (Ta.) (Ta.lex.) nege, nese to be purified, to become clear, to shine (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) niga, nega glow (Ka.); nidha_ (M.); niga-niga, nigi-nigi very glowingly or brightly (Ka.Te.); negar.. to become manifest, notorious, well known; to be finished (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

5125.Settlement of accounts; export: nikar.. (-v-, -nt-) to be performed, transacted, carried out; nikar..cci event, business; nikar..pu occurrence, event (Ta.); negar.. to undertake, engage in, be finished; negar..cu to cause to undertake or do, perform, produce; negar..te action, work (Ka.); neggu to be successful, thrive, prosper; neggincu to fulfil, effect; niggu to manage, cope; niggincu to manage, carry through, accomplish (Te.)(DEDR 3661). nika_sa settlement of accounts (Or.); nis.ka_sa egress (R.); nika_s, nika_so export (Ku.); nika_sa_ release; nika_si export (N.); nika_hi the projecting part of anything (A.); nika_s removal of obstacle, settlement, end (B.); nika_si finish (Or.); nika_s exit, export (H.); nika_si output (H.); nika_s export (G.)(CDIAL 7485). nis.ka_sayati drives out (Skt.); n.ikka_siya expelled (Pkt.); nika_sn.o to drive out (Ku.); nika_snu (N.); nika_siba_ to settle, finish (Or.); nika_sab to make (an animal) get up and to drive it along a village road (Mth.); nika_sai drives out (OAw.); nika_sna_ (H.); nika_sn.a_ (P.)(CDIAL 7486). For semant. 'to rise' cf. ninginai to rise; nin:g- (-it-) to rise; nik- (-h-) to lift up, raise; nin:g- (-it-) to get up, wake up; nik- (-h-) to lift up; to awaken (Kuwi)(DEDR 3665). Embarkation: neggu to lift; egu embarkation; negapu, negavu to lift up, hold uplifted (Ka.); negi to lift (Kor.); egumati embarkation, putting goods on board of a ship, exportation (Te.); ekarttuka, ekattuka to lift, raise (Ta.)(DEDR 3730).

5126.Image: throat: nikalam nape, pit.ar (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) cf. nip shoulder (To.); nippi id. (Kod..); nipi id. (Kond.a); nepe (Mand..); nipi back of the neck; nippin.a pl. shoulders (Kui); neppu, nipu shoiulder (Kuwi)(DEDR 3671). nigala, niga_la the throat or neck of a horse (Ka.Skt.); swallowing; nigaran.a the throat; swallowing (Skt.)(Skt.lex.) cf. nigr._ to swallow down (AV. v.18.7)(Vedic.lex.)

5127.Image: joining together: nigrahan.a joining together (Sat. vii.2)(Vedic.lex.)

5128.Image: to catch in the mouth: loka to catch in the mouth as a dog anything thrown to it; to catch in the hands as a ball; mase pudi neleme cet lekae lokaede kana come look at the cat, how she is playing with it (a mouse)(Santali.lex.) Images: swallowing: nikaram swallowing (Pa_rata. Aruccun-an-r-ava. 154)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) nin:guni, nin:gud.uni, din:guni, din:gud.uni, nun:gu to swallow (Tu.); nun:ku (nun:ki-) to swallow, devour, drink in large draughts, take possession of, capture (Ta.); non:ku (non:ki-) to swallow (Ta.); nun:g- (nun:gy-) to gulp down without chewing (Ko.); nug- (nugy-) to gulp down (To.); nun:gu to swallow, devour (Ka.); nun.udu, nunu to swallow (Kor.); nun^uxna_ to swallow without chewing, devour (Kur.); nunge to swallow (Malt.); nughushing to swallow, devour, gulp down (Br.); nun.udu, nunu to swallow (Kor.)(DEDR 3697). nukaruka to swallow (Ma.); no_ru mouth (Te.); nukar (-v-, -nt-) to enjoy, experience as the fruit of actions, eat, drink, do, perform; nukarcci, nukarvu enjoyment, experience of pleasure or pain, as from former deeds; eating, feeding; sensation (Ta.); nukarcca sipping, imbibing (Ma.); no_ru mouth (Te.)(DEDR 3695). nighasa food (Skt.); niya_so leavings of animals' fodder (N.)(CDIAL 7174). niga_ra swallowing (Pa_n..); niya_r, nya_r fodder for cattle (H.)(CDIAL 7166). nigara swallowing (Skt.); ni_ra_ fodder (P.)(CDIAL 7160). ni_rvu~to place grass before cattle as fodder (G.); niga_rayati makes swallow (Pa_n..)(CDIAL 7162). nelan.o to swallow (Ku.); nengalun to swallow (K.); niglan (L.); nigaln.a_ (P.); nilnu (N.); li_lna_ (H.)(CDIAL 7163). nengalan act of swallowing (K.)(CDIAL 7164). nigaran.a eating (Skt.); nigiran.a swallowing (Skt.); ni_ran. grass thrown to cattle as fodder (G.)(CDIAL 7161).

5129.Near: nikat.am, nikat.e, nikat.a_t adv. near (R.); nikat.a near (Pali); n.iad.a, n.iala, n.iad.ia (Pkt.); nyeir, nyay^a (Dm.); nyo_r.o_ (Pas'.); nya_r.o (Gaw.); ni_er (Bshk.); nio~ (Tor.); nyer.o (Sv.); niha_r.a (Phal.); adj. nyu_r^u, ni_r^u (K.); ner.e (L.); ner.a_ vicinity (P.); ner.e near (P.); ne_r.o, ni_r. (WPah.); ner.o adj. (Ku.); nira adv. (N.); niad.i (OB.); niyar. (B.); nia_r.a (Or.); niyar (Mth.Bhoj.); niyara (OAw.); ne_re_ (OAw.); ner.e, nir.e, ni_re (H.); ner.e (G.)(CDIAL 7136). naikat.ya nearness (Skt.); net.i adv. near (M.); nikat.am (Si.)(CDIAL 7598). nikat.t.he_ near (Pali); net.i_ (M.)(CDIAL 7147). nide_s'a vicinity; nide_s'e_ near (Mn.); nis'a postp. near; nis'i than (K.)(CDIAL 7198).

5130.Manured land; cultivation round a village: nia_i~_ midden, cesspool, cultivation round a house or village (P.); nia_i~ manured land near a village (L.); n.ika_ya heap (Pkt.); nika_ya collection (Pali); heap (Mn.)(CDIAL 7140). Stack: nika_ra tossing up, piling up or winnowing corn (Skt.)(CDIAL 7141). nirun, dat. niranas thatching grass (K.); ni_ran layer of straw (P.)(CDIAL 7142). ni_ra_ stack, fodder (in latter sense prob. < nigara swallowing)(P.); nikara multitude (Pali); n.igara, n.iara heap (Pkt.); nikara heap (MBh.)(CDIAL 7137). [cf. narⁱ a kind of reed used as swamp-fodder (K.)(CDIAL 6936).] nivar-u (nivar-i-) to swarm, gather thick (Ta.); nivar-u a throng (Ma.)(DEDR 3677). nigr._ to swallow down (AV. v.18.7)(Vedic.lex.)

5131.Gratitude: nungun gratitude (Santali.lex.)

5132.Cinnamon: na_kam cinnamon, cinnamomum, ja_r..al; mastwood, pun-n-ai (Ta.lex.)

5133.Image: dog: ja_r..al dog (Akana_. 122); jamali dog (Pat.t.in-ap. 140)(Ta.lex.) n~a_l.i, na_l.i, n~el.l.ai, n~amali dog (Ta.); alla_ id. (Kur.); ale id. (Malt.)(DEDR 2916).

5234.Image: dog: nekur., nikur. dog (Pe.); nukur.i id. (Kond.a); nakur.i (pl. nakur.aka, nahur.ka), nahor.i (pl. nahor.ka, nahka) id. (Kui); neh'u_ri (pl. neska), nehud.i (pl. neska), ni'hur.i, neh'ur.i (pl. neska) (Kuwi); na_y (Nahali.Ta.Ma.Ka.); na_i (Ta.); na.y (Ko.Kod..); no.y (To.); na_yi (Ka.Tu.); a.te (Kol.); na_yitana doggishness (Ka.); resn a.te wild dog (Kol.); a_te dog (Nk.); netta (pl. nettel) id.; iric netta wild dog (Pa.); ne_te, nette dog; kope nete wild dog (Ga.); nai, na_i, na_i_, ney dog; rac na_i, rasi ney wild dog (Go.)(DEDR 3650). The element kur.i in Kond.a, etc. is probably connected with kur..antai child (Ta.)(DEDR 2149).

5134.Image: leaf: jemal dry leaf (Akana_. 39,7); jamai a tree (Akana_. 395)(Ta.lex.)

5135.Image: to wander: jemal(lu)-tal to wander, roam about (Paripa_. 8,44)(Ta.lex.)

5136.Image: yoke: nukam burden, power, strength, protecting bar of a door (Ta.); yoke, harness which joins the necks of two oxen (Ma.); nu.n a yoke (Ko.); noga, naga yoke (Ka.); noga id. (Kod..); pole or poles which connect the carriage with the yoke (Te.); nuga, noga yoke (Tu.)(DEDR 3694). nuka-t-ta_n.i stud of the yoke (E_rer..u. 8); nuka-t-tul.ai hole at end of a yoke (Perun.. Ucaik. 32,18); nukattul.a (Ma.); nukam < yuga yoke (Pur-ana_. 102); nukam (Ma.); noga (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) cf. nu_kku (nu_kki-) to shove, push, thrust aside, impel (Ta.)(DEDR 3722). na_kara a plough (Ka.); na_gara, na_n:gara a plough (M.); na_kara-kun.t.e a kind of kun.t.e (Ka.M.); na_kara-ne_gala a kind of plough (Ka.M.)(Ka.lex.) Part of a plough: na_vai the part of the plough that receives the share; lower end of the ploughshare (W.)(Ta.); na_ tongue (Kur-al., 127)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Plough: na_ngor, na_ngra_ plough (Kon.lex.) naeal, nahel, nael the wooden body of a plough; a plough with its share (cf. Pl. XIII,1)(Mu.); na_ngal (H.)(Mu.lex.) cf. nahel plough; nahel pal ploughshare; nahel gad.a a furrow; nahel ar.a ber time to loose the cattle from the plough; nahel jor.ao to yoke the plough; tinak nahelpa jor.aoeda ? how many ploughs have you in use? (Santali.lex.) Interest on debt paid in grain; agriculture; plough: na_n:kar < nan:kar (U.) cultivation, agriculture (C.G.); na_n:ku < na_gha_ (U.) interest on debt paid in grain (C.G.)(Ta.lex.) cf. na_cil plough (Pur-ana_. 19) (Ta.) (Ta.lex.) ne_gal, ne_gala, ne_gali, ne_galu, ne_gil, ne_gila (Tadbhava of la_n:gala) a plough (Ka.); na_gali, na_ge_lu (Te.); a_cil, a_yil, na_cil (Ta.); e_o_l, neel (Ma.); na_gara, na_n:gara (M.)(Ka.lex.) a_cil plough (Ta.); e_n.n.o_l, ne_il ploughshaft (Ma.); ne.lg plough (Ko.); ne_gal, ne_gil, ne_gila id. (Ka.); ne.n:gi id. (Kod..); na_yeru id. (Tu.); ne_veri id. (Kor.); na~_gali, na~_gelu, na~_ge_lu id. (Te.); na.n:gli, na_n.eli id. (Kol.); na_n:gar id. (Nk.); na~_gil id. (Pa.); na_n:gal, na_ngal id. (Ga.); na_n:ge_l, na_ngyal, na_n:gel, na_n:gal, na_n:gli (pl. na_n:gisku) id.; na_yna_l, na_n.e_l, na_yn.e_l id. (Go.); na_n:gel id. (Kond.a.Pe.); ne_n:gel id. (Mand..); na_ngeli id. (Kui); nangelli ploughshare (Kuwi); na_n:geli plough (Kuwi)(DEDR 2907). cf. la_n:gala plough (RV.); lin:go_r id. (Iranian)(CDIAL 11006). Plough: nahel a plough; nahel pal ploughshare (Santali.lex.) nan:gala, hala plough; nan:gali_sa_ beam of a plough (Pali)(Pali.lex.) naga, noga (Tadbhava of yuga) a yoke (Ka.Te.); nukam (Ta.Ma.); noga-pat.t.e the broad strap attached to a yoke and passed round the ox's neck (Ka.); kal.enaga the yoke that is fastened round the neck of the bullocks which precedes the chief pair in a team (Ka.M.)(Ka.lex.) zuga_t.a, zu_gat.a yoke (Gaw.) yugat.o_u (Sv.); yuj in cmpd. 'yoked'; yoke-fellow (RV.)(CDIAL 10494). juharu plough-yoke (S.); ju_la_ upper horizontal bar of bullock yoke (L.); ju_la_ crossbar of yoke (P.); jhu_l yoke (L.)(CDIAL 10491). yugadha_ra the pin which fastens yoke to pole (Ma_nGr..)); ju(y)a_l, joya_l, jol yoke (B.) juha_l.a, jua_l.i, joa_l.i yoke of cart or plough (Or.); ju_a_r, juwa_r yoke; juwa_ra_ yoke of oxen (H.)(CDIAL 10486). juul.i, joal.a nail hooked at both ends and thrust into blade of plough over groove into which ploughshare is fitted (Or.)(CDIAL 10484). Yoke: yo_ga yoking (RV.); yoke (S'Br.); yoking (Pali); yoga (NiDoc.); jo proper time for ploughing or sowing (B.Or.); z.o_et.i_ yoke (Pas'.)(CDIAL 10526). yo_gya fit for yoking (Pa_n..); draught animal (AV.); yogga fit (Pali)(CDIAL 10528). yo_jayati yokes, sets to work (MBh.); yo_je_ti yokes, ties (Pali); jo_e_i yokes, joins (Pkt.); joenda_ to yoke, harness (L.); jon.a_ to yoke (P.)(CDIAL 10531). yuga yoke (RV.); couple (Gr.S'r.); plough-yoke, pair (Pali); jua (Pkt.); yu~_, uyu_ plough (Pr.); yu~_ (Bshk.); yu_ (Tor.); yi-put.^u plough-yoke (K.)[cf. pu_t.t.u to yoke (Ta.)(DEDR 4361)]; ju~_ (WPah.); ju_wa_ to yoke (Ku.); juwa_ (N.); ju_ (B.); jua_ (Or.i.); ju_a_, ju_h (H.); ju~v, ju~_ (M.); viya yoke (Si.); zuga_t.a yoke (Gaw.); yugat.o_u (Sv.)(CDIAL 10482). jua_t.h yoke of plough (Bi.Mth.); jot.h bullock yoke with two bars (Bi.); ju_a_t.h, ju_a_t. yoke (H.); yu_wat.i_ yoke (Pas'.); z.o_t.i_ neck of yoke (Pas'.)(CDIAL 10483). juharu plough-yoke (S.); yugam.dhara pole of carriage to which yoke is fixed (MBh.); jhura_ front end of pole of cart fixed to middle of yoke, middle part of yoke where this is fixed (Or.)(CDIAL 10485). niruyo_ga rope for tying cows (BhP.); ni_j, ni_ju_ rope (H.)(CDIAL 7383). jodhan rope tying wooden bars of the yoke (H.)(CDIAL 10488). yugala pair, couple (Skt.); pair (Pali); juala (Pkt.); juwalu couple (Kho.); jolo, joli_ pair (Ku.); joel copulation of two animals (Or.); jol. twins (G.); dula pair, couple (of anything) (K.)(CDIAL 10489). jusri_ yoke (G.); jhusri_, jhu~sri_ (G.)(CDIAL 10490). en:got.o_ yoke (Pas'.); z.o_n:gola_ rope to fasten yoke round bullock's neck (Pas'.); jun:gu pair of waterwheels (S.)(CDIAL 10495). yo_ktra thong, halter (RV.); tie of yoke to plough (Skt.); yo_tra (R.); yautra (Skt.); yota yoke-tie; yottaka tie, rope (Pali); jotta, jottaya thong (Pkt.); jot.ro grass cord (S.); jotra_ single ploughing of a field; jo_tur strap (L.); jotar leather yoke thong; jot yoke, cultivation; jotra_ string attaching parts of loom, one round of the plough = jotta_ (P.); jot.l.r.i tie of plough yoke; jo_c, jo_t.e~_ de_n. to plough (WPah.); jot plough; jutyu_r.o cord tying bullock to plough (Ku.); jot yoke, plough, string of nettle fibre in pellet bow (N.); zo~t cord tying yoke to neck (A.); jot id., a yoke of oxen (B.); jota, juta yoke-tie, farm (Or.); jot breast-strap of horse; jota_, joti_ tie rope of plough yoke (Bi.); jo_ta_ id., yoke (Bhoj.); jo_t yoke (Aw.); jot cord, rope tying yoke to neck; joti_ string of a balance (H.); jotar, jotru~ leather yoke-strap (G.); jot yoke of oxen (M.); jote~ yoke-strap (M.); yota-a cord, string (Si.)(CDIAL 10523). yo_ktr., yo_ktram one who yokes (VS.MBh.); jota_ro rope fastening yoke to bullock (N.); jota_r ploughman (H.)(CDIAL 10522). yo_ktrayati fastens, ties (MBh.); jo_trun. to conspire (L.); jotn.a_ to yoke, plough (P.); jot.l.n.u_, jo_cn.a_, jotarn.a_ to yoke to the plough (WPah.); jotn.o to plough (Ku.); jotnu to yoke, plough (N.); jota_ to yoke, fasten (B.); jotiba_, jutiba_ to yoke, plough (Or.); jotab (Bi.); jotna_ (H.); jotarvu~ to yoke (G.)(CDIAL 10524).

5137.Mungoose-plant: na_kuli the mungoose-plant; gandha-na_kuli, nakule_s.a, ra_sne id.; gandha-na_kuli the ichneumon plant, perhaps ophioxylon serpentinum (Ka.lex.) nakuli_ saffron (Skt.lex.)

5138.Twenty: nakha twenty; naka id. (Ka.lex.)

5139.Female; naked: na_ku youthfulness, tenderness, female of erumai, marai, and per.r.am (Ta.lex.) nagna wanton woman (AV.); girl before menstruation (Skt.); nagnika_ small girl (MBh.); naga_, nan:ga_ younger sister (term of endearment)(Si.)(CDIAL 6928). na_n.al feeling bashful, modest (Tirikat.u. 6); na_n.u shyness (Kur-al., 1011)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) na_cike, na_cikge modesty, shame (Tu.lex.)

5140.Marriage: na_gole concluding ceremony of a marriage among brahmins (Tu.lex.) na_gavali (Tadbhava of na_gavalli) betel-nut: the first chewing of betel-nut at a marriage, that takes place on its last day, before which no guest can depart without giving offence and being severely blamed (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) na_kavalli betel (Pin..); concluding ceremony of a marriage on the fifth day (Ta.lex.)

5141.Image: betel leaf: na_vilai betel leaf (Na_.)(Ta.lex.) Image: betel: na_kin-i < na_gini betel (Ta.lex.) Image: piper betel; betel vine: a_li a hanging tendril of the pepper or betel vine, the common betel vine; ornament for a sword hilt (Ma.); ne_la, ne_langu a hanging rope (Tu.)(DEDR 2912). na_liya betel (Si.); na_galata_ piper betel (Pali); id. (Skt.)(CDIAL 7044). na_ga, na_gavallari_, na_gavalli_ piper betel (Skt.lex.) na~r.i~ a creeping, trailing, twining or scandent plant; nar.i siris a large jungle scandent bush; na~r.i~ nirup a huge jungle climber bearing gorgeous yellow flowers, butea superb (Santali) (Santali.lex.) cf. na_gole concluding ceremony of a marriage among brahmins (Tu.lex.) cf. na_gavali, na_gava_li (Tadbhava of na_gavalli) betel-nut: the first chewing of betel-nut at a marriage, that takes place on its last day, before which no guest can depart without giving offence and being severely blamed; na_gavali nis.t.u_ra; na_gavalli haccad.a a cloth given to the son-in-law on the last day of his marriage (Ka.lex.)

5142.Image: heifer: na_ku-kan-r-u heifer (S.I.I. ii,489,491); na_ku youthfulness, tenderness, juvenility (Ci_vaka. 2102); female of erumai, marai, per-r-am (Tol. Po. 617); female snail, sea-snail (Tol. Po. 618); female calf, heifer (Ta.lex.) na_ku n. pr. of women; a_-na_ku heifer (Ma.); na.g female buffalo calf between two and three years old (Ko.); no.x id. (To.); na_ku female calf (Tu.); ela-na_ga damsel (Te.); na_ti, na_tuka woman (Te.); ne_va female pig (Pa.)(DEDR 3634). cf. navala_ woman (Te.)(DEDR 3619).

5143.Image: hiding: nakku to hide or conceal one's self; to crouch down; to lie in wait (Te.); to prowl (Te.); nakku basale a lewd woman lying in wait (Ka.lex.)

5144.Milkwort: nan:kai species of milkwort, polygala glabra; large milkwort (Ta.); polygala telephoides (Ta.); nan.n.a a herb, polygala (Ma.)(DEDR 3573).

5145.Image: fish: nakarai red mullet; navarai id. (Ta.lex.) nan:ku a fish (Ma.); nan:gu a kind of fish (Tu.)(DEDR 3572). na_ka female fish, sea-snail, female snail, conch, sapling (Ta.)(DEDR 3634). Image: fish: na_kku-mi_n- flat fish, brownish or purplish black, attaining 16 in. in length, psettodes erumier; Indian sole, pleuronectidoe solea (Ta.Ma.); na_lukace_pa (Te.)(Ta.lex.)

5146.Image: elephant: na_ga elephant (Pali); n.a_ya (Pkt.); na_ (Si.)(CDIAL 7039).

5147.A fabulous animal: nagad.ha a fabulous animal called s'arabha (Skt.lex.)

5148.Side of cart: nyan:ka the pieces of wood that hang at the forepart and at the back of a cart to keep its balance when fully loaded; side of a cart (TS. i.7.7.2); rolling fast (TBr. i.7.5) (Vedic.lex.)

5149.Image: mountain: na_ku, na_kam < naga mountain (Kampara_. Ka_rmuka. 32); na_ku < na_ku ant-hill (Ta.lex.) na_ku an ant-hill (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) naviram mountain; a mountain belonging to Nan-n-an-, the hero of Malaipat.ukat.a_m (Malaipat.u. 579) (Ta.lex.) nage_ndra Hima_laya mountain; the Sumeru mountain (Skt.)(Skt.lex.)

5150.Image: monkey: na_kam monkey (Tiruppo_. Can. Alan.. 14); black monkey (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) naga-at.ana a monkey (SKt.lex.) Images: monkey; tail: cf. la_n:gu_la tail (S'a_n:khS'r.); lan:gu_r the langur monkey semnopithecus schistaceus (K.)(CDIAL 11009). lin.un.i_ tail of sheep or goat (WPah.)(CDIAL 11051). Image: tail: nin:gun tail (Pe.); nen:gun. id. (Mand..); d.re_nd.u (pl. d.re_t.ka), d.re_ngoni, d.re_nguni, d.re_onji, d.re_oli, d.re_lu, d.e_d.ru (pl. d.re_t.ka) id. (Kui); len:guni, len.un.i, lengu_ni, lenguni id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 5201). laja tail (Skt.); laj, la_j peacock's tail; la_ji_ peacock with a long tail (P.); la~_z, nez tail (A.); lej, nej, neja_ tail; neja_r. crupper (B.); la_ja, na_ja, neja tail; la_ji, na_ji back part of rice-crushing machine; la_jia_ having a tail (Or.)(CDIAL 10915).

5151.Image: snake: nakar..-tal to creep, crawl along (Kampara_. Atika_. 136)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) na_ga, na_gara, na_gala a snake, especially the coluber or cobra capella (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) na_ga snake (S'Br.NiDoc.); n.a_ya (Pkt.); nay, na_, naya_ snake (Si.); na_ga-danta elephant tusk, ivory < snake-shaped tusk (Skt.); na_ga (Pali); n.a_ya (Pkt.); n (Gypsy); naa euphem. term for snake (Or.); na_ng (Bshk.); non. (Kt.Pr.); nhon. name of a god (Kal.)[<? Pers. nahang](CDIAL 7039). na_kam cobra (Man.i. 25,195); serpent (Kampara_. Kalan-ka_n.. 37)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) na_gappa father cobra; na_ga-murige a serpentine bracelet (sometimes with the figure of a snake-hood) worn on the upper arm; na_ga-kan:kan.a who has a snake for his bracelet: S'iva (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

5152.Image: platform to sit on: nax floor, platform (for sitting or sleeping on)(Kho.); nax-da_ru roof beam (Kho.); ne_x vestibule (Shgh.)(CDIAL 7036).

5153.River-mouth; pass: na_kka_ river-mouth (P.); na_thro entrance, pass (S.)(CDIAL 7037). na_ neighbourhood (Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

5154.Image: town-gate: na_ka_ town-gate (Or.); nakka_ edge (L.); na_thro entrance (S.); na_ka_ end of road, passage, gap (H.); na_ku~ (G.); na_ke~, na_ka_ end of road (M.)(CDIAL 7037). nax-daru roof beam (Kho.Mj.); na_ka firmament, vault of heaven (RV.)(CDIAL 7036). nu_kku-va_y a small entrance leading to a garden (Ta.lex.) cf. na_gara relating to a town (MBh.)(CDIAL 7043). cf. nakar house, abode, mansion, temple, palace, town, city (Ta.)(DEDR 3568).

5155.Town; temple: nakar town, city (Pur-ana_. 23); house, abode, mansion (Akana_. 15); temple, sacred shrine (Pur-ana_. 6); palace (Cilap. 27,200); dais for performing ceremonies (Ci_vaka. 2633); a furnished hall or place, decorated for ceremonial functions (Ci_vaka. 701); nakaram city, town, capital, metropolis (Cu_t.a_.); palace; temple (Cilap. 14,9); residence, place (Tiv. Iyar-. Mutar-. 33); nakara-k-ko_yil exogamous section of Na_t.t.ukko_t.t.ai Chet.t.is; nakaratta_r Na_t.t.ukko_t.t.ai Chet.t.ies; nakarattu-c-cet.t.i a sub-caste of Chet.t.ies (E.T. v,92); nakarattu-vel.l.a_l.ar a sub-sect of Ve_l.a_l.as (Ta.lex.); nakar town, city (Ma.); nagaru id. (Tu.); nagaru palace; (Inscr.) nakaramu temple; navaru id. (Te.); nagari-adhika_ri temple manager (Te.); nagara town, city (Skt.)(DEDR 3568). nagara town (TA_r.); nagari_ (Mn.); nagara, nagari_ stronghold, city (Pali); nagaraka small stronghold, small city (Pali); nagares.u, nagalesu (As'.); nagara (NiDoc.); nakara (Dhp.); n.agara, n.ayara, n.ayari_ (Pkt.); nogor fort, castle (Kho.); Alam-nr^u name of a village (K.); na(h)ara palace, king's harem (Or.); nair town (H.); nayara, nayari_, niyari (OG.); -na_r in place-names (G.); Ner, Nere~, Neri_ names of places in Khandesh (M.); nagaraka town; nakara = nayara (OSi.); nuvara, niyari (Si.)(CDIAL 6924). nagari_ya belonging to a town (Skt.); naaria_ relating to a palace (Or.)(CDIAL 6925). na_gara relating to a town (Skt.); citizen (MBh.); na_garaka police officer (Skt.); na_garika id. (Skt.); na_gara citizen (Pali); nagarakasa inhabitant of Nagara (KharI.); n.a_yara citizen (Pkt.); na_yer, na_yar agent, steward (B.); n.akaraka citizen (OSi.); nuvara_ (Si.); na_garika urbane (Pali); n.a_yaria citizen (Pkt.); niyariya_ (Si.)(CDIAL 7043). nakari city, capital; land belonging to the government (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Temple; town, city: nagara stronghold, city (Pali); nagara town (TA_r.); nagari_ (Mn.); nagari_ stronghold, city; nagaraka small city (Pali); nagares.u, nagalesu (As'.); nagara (NiDoc.); nakara (Dhp.); n.agara, n.ayara, n.ayari_ (Pkt.); nogor fort, castle (Kho.); alam-nr^u name of a village (K.); na(h)ara palace, king's harem (Or.); nair town (H.); nayara, nayari_, niyari (OG.); -na_r in place-names (G.); ner, nere~, neri_ names of places in Khandesh (M.); nagaraka town; nakara (= nayara) (OSi.Bra_hmi_); nuvara, niyari (Si.)(CDIAL 6924). nan:gar a city, a town, the town or village in which the raja or zemindar of a large estate resides (Santali) (Santali.lex.) naaria_ relating to a palace (Or.)(CDIAL 6925).

5171.Image: lance, dart: n~a_n:kar lance, dart (Nar-. 171)(Ta.lex.)

5102.Image: crocodile: nakra a crocodile, an alligator, kumbhi_ra, mosal.e (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: alligator: negar.., negar..e alligator (Ka.); negal.u id.; negaru a sea-animal, the vehicle of Varun.a (Tu.); negad.u a polypus or marine animal supposed to entangle swimmers (Te.)(DEDR 3732). nakra- crocodile; na_kra- a kind of aquatic animal (Skt.)(CDIAL 7038).

5182.Image: tiger: na~_har tiger (P.); na_har tiger (H.); *nakharin having claws (Skt.)(CDIAL 6921). Image: jackal: nakke a jackal (Ka.lex.) nyan:ka jackal (TS. v.5.17.1; VS. xxiv.27) (Vedic.lex.) Image: claw of a tiger: nakhacche_da nail-cutting (Skt.); nakhacche_dana (Mn.); lauchua_ ceremony of cutting bride's nails (Mth.)(CDIAL 6918). nakhada_ran.a falcon (Skt.); na_har tiger (P.H.)(CDIAL 7919). nakam nail; talon, claw (Kampara_. Cat.a_yuvu. 113); extremity or lower part of a hoof; naka_yutam < nakha_yudha lit., that which uses its claws as weapon; lion; tiger; nakai teeth (man.i. 20,49)(Ta.lex.)

5170.Images: above; in front: n~a_n:kar in front, before, forward (Tol. Po. 141); there (Kalit. 50); above, on, over (Perumpa_n.. 196); place, situation, locality (Ta.lex.)

5166.Lead: na_g lead (K.); na_ga id. (Skt.); nan lead (Sh.)(CDIAL 7040).

5156.Chief: na_ga any great or pre-eminent man, modaliga (Ka.Skt.)(Ta.lex.) na_kuta_ < na_khuda_ (Pers.) captain of a ship (W.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) na_ka-puram the ancient capital of Ca_vakam (Man.i. 24,169); na_kar a powerful scythian race having the serpent as their totem (Man.i. 16,15)(Ta.lex.) nak a naik, a corporal (Santali) (Santali.lex.) na_yakkan- captain, soldier; headman; title of certain Telugu castes; title of certain Tamil castes as van-n-iyar, ve_t.ar, irul.ar; na_yakam headship, superiority (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 3,10,11); na_yakan- < na_yaka lord, master, chief (Kampara_. An:kata. 21); a person appointed to the headship of ten villages (Cukkirani_ti. 27); na_yan- master, lord (Tiruva_lava_. 54,36); na_yan-a_r title of certain castes as cain-ar, kaikko_l.ar, ut.aiyar and a section of ve_l.a_l.ar (Ta.lex.) na_ya leader (RV. vi.24.10)(Vedic.lex.) na~aiya a semi-hinduized caste of aborigines; na~iyali man a piece of rent free land given to the na~iya priest of a village (Santali)(Santali.lex.) na_ya leader, chief (Skt.); na_yar a caste of Hindus in Malabar (Ta.); na_yan, na_yar the Su_dras of Ke_ral.a; soldiers of all castes (Ma.); na'yamm a Na_yar man; fem. na'yarci (Kod..); na_yare, na_yima_re a Na_yar of Malabar (Tu.)(DBIA 226). nakka-p-par-aiyan- headman of the Paraiyas (G.Tp.D. I, 131)(Ta.lex.) cf. na_val the central annular continent (Man.i. 22,29); na_var-por..il id. (Pu. Ve. 9,38); na_valanti_vu id. (E_la_ti, 56)(Ta.lex.) Steward: na_yer, na_yar steward, agent (B.); n.a_yara citizen (Pkt.); n.akaraka citizen (OSi.); na_gara citizen (MBh.Pali); na_garaka police officer (Skt.); na_garika id. (Skt.); n.a_yaria citizen (Pkt.); na_garika urbane (Pali); niyariya_ (Si.); nuvara_ citizen (Si.) (CDIAL 7043). na_karikam civilization (Perun.. Ucaik. 41,83)(Ta.lex.) Leads; bought: ne_ta_ < ne_ta_ nom. sg. of ne_tr. ruler, master, lord (Ve_ta_ran.i. Piravara. 6); ne_ti routine duty (Tiruppu. 394)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) ne_tra leading (AV.); netta guidance (Pali); ne_th^ar, dat. ne_thras marriage ceremony (K.)(CDIAL 7586). net puri applied to presents brought by invited guess to a marriage (Santali.lex.) nayati leads (RV.); carries off (AV.); neoya_ to take, carry, receive (B.); nayati, ne_ti leads (Pali); n.ayai, n.e_i takes (Pkt.); ni_r, nar leads, sends (Gypsy); ne_ina to take away, carry off (D..); nayh, ne_ to lead, carry away (Pas'.); ni_ to lead (Shum.); ne_ to take away (Wot..); neik, 1 sg. pret. oncitam to take out, put on, wear (Kho.); ni_ to take away, take to wife (Bshk.); ne to take away (Tor.); nyun^u (fut. 1 sg. nima, 3 sg. niyi, 3 pl. nin) to lead, take away (K.); nihan.u to take away (S.); nevan. (L.); nen.a_, nena~_ (P.); ne_n.u_, nen.a_, ne_n.o~_ (WPah.); niba to carry from one place to another; caus. niya_iba (A.); neoya_ to take, carry, receive (B.); neba_ to take, remove, spend (time), caus. nia_iba_ id. (Or.); nen.e~ to lead away, take away (M.)(CDIAL 6966). n.ayan.a taking (Pkt.); den. nen. giving and taking (Or.); nen.a_ act of taking, money or anything due (Or.)(CDIAL 6967). na_yayati causes to be led (Mn.); nauar seeks; naun to bring, fetch (Gypsy); ku-na_iba_ to send word (Or.)(CDIAL 7071). ninayati leads to (RV.); nin.an.em. to lead to (OM.) (CDIAL 7210). ni_ta led (RV.Pali); nita, nitaga (NiDoc.); n.ia taken away (Pkt.); nu_ he took away (Tor.); nyu_v 3 sg. m., ni_y 3 pl. (K.); nio (and neo after pres. st. nen.u_)(WPah.); ni_a_, nitta_ (WPah.); nia_ act of taking, buying (Or.); nila bought (B.)(CDIAL 7544). ni_yate_ is led, is taken (RV.); ni_yati, niyyati is led away (Pali); niyati (NiDoc.); nijan.u to be carried away (S.)(CDIAL 7551). Master; newly wed husband: na_ha_ husband, master (A.Or.); na_h husband, lover (Mth.); na_hu husband, master (OAw.); na_hu, na_halu husband (OG.); na_v, na_vlo, na_vliyo newly wed husband (G.); anatha, ana_tha helpless, poor (As'.); na_tha refuge, help (AV.); protector, master (MBh.Pali); n.a_ha (Pkt.); na_h(a_) protector, master (H.); na~_ in: dhoba-na~_ address to a washerman (OMarw.); na_h master (M.); na_ (Si.)(CDIAL 7051). naihar applied to parents' house after marriage (Santali)(Santali.lex.)

5157.Indian turnsole, scorpion: nakir Indian turnsole (Mu_. A.); nakkirai, nakkira_, nakki-p-pu_ Indian turnsole, te_t.-kot.ukki (Ta.lex.)

5158.Image: banyan: nyagro_dha the banyan tree or ficus indica (AV.); nigro_dha banyan (Pali); n.aggo_ha, n.iggo_ha (Pkt.); nigo_ha_ni nom. pl. (As'.); nuga (Si.)(CDIAL 7610). niyac, nyac bent down, downward (RV.); nija_ south (L.)(CDIAL 7248).

5159.Image: claw: naka, nakha a nail of a finger or of a toe; a claw, a talon; nakhara a finger-nail, a claw (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cf. karaja a finger-nail (Ka.lex.) nakhara shaped like a claw (S'Br.); claw (Skt.); nail-scratch (Skt.); n.ahara nail; n.ahari_ knife (Pkt.); naura pl. fingernails (D..); nawur claw (Dm.); nawar nail; nawari (Pas'.); no_ru, no_r (Sh.); nan.iro claw, nail (Ku.); nan.ro claw (N.); nahor claw; nor scratch made on body with nails (G.)(CDIAL 6920). nakha a claw, a nail of finger or toe (Pali); [Vedic. nakha; Skt. andhgri, foot; Lat. unguis = Oir. inga; OHG. nagal = E. nail]; nakhaka belonging to or consisting of or resembling a claw (Pali) (Pali.lex.) nakha nail (of finger or toe), claw (RV.); n.aha (Pkt.); nai (Gypsy); na~hu~ (S.); nau~h, na~hu~, nao~ (L.); nahi, nahi~, nahu~, nau~h, ne~_ (P.); na_, ne (WPah.); na~, nan. (Ku.); nan. (N.); naha (Or.); nah, nauh (Mth.); no~_h (Bhoj.); naha~ (H.); bagh-na~ claws of tiger worn as necklace (H.); naha (OG.); nahiyu~ skin near nail (G.); niya (Si.); nau~ca (Ash.); nu~_ca (Wg.); nace~_ (Kt.); nau~cikye-m (Shum.); ne_s' (WPah.); nan. (Dm.); nec (Pr.); naweco (Pas'.); na_n:g, no_n:g (Phal.); nam (K.); na_n:gus' (Kal.); n.akkha (Pkt.); nakh (Bshk.); nake_ (Sv.); no_kh (Tor.); nakucik (Pas'.); nekher, neger (WPah.)(CDIAL 6914). nakha_ni karo_ti cuts nails (Kaus'.); nahar nail-cutter (N.); naheri barber (Mth.)(CDIAL 6915). nya_ryun^u nail-cutter (K.); na~hern.i (S.); naheran., nahe_run. (L.); naherna_ (P.); nhernu (WPah.); naran.i (Ku.); narun (B.); nahurun.i, narun.i (Or.); lahurun.i (Or.); nahran (Bi.); naharni_, laharni_ (Mth.); naharni_ (Bhoj.); naharna_, nuharna_, naharni_, nuharni_, nahanni_, nahani_ (H.); nara_n.i_, naren.i_, nern.i_ (G.); nar(h)a_n.i_, narn.i_ (M.); n.aharan.i_, n.aharan.i_ (Pkt.)(CDIAL 6916). Image: tweezers: naharni_ a small instrument containing tweezers, needle for extracting thorns, and knife for cutting nails, carried suspended to a string round the loins (Santali)(Santali.lex.) nahat.t.a_, nuhat.t.a_ scratch with nail or talon (H.) (CDIAL 6917).

5160.Area: nager caker area of village (Santali)(Santali.lex.) Land: nakari-nilam unassessed cultivable land (R.T.); nakari land belonging to Government (R.T.); city, capital (Ta.lex.)

5161.Rent free land: nakhraj rent free land; nankar an allowance of money or land to zemindars etc. for subsistence, land granted to servants for their maintenance; naokar a servant (Santali) (Santali.lex.) noukor, noukra_ servant (Kon.lex.)

5162.Veda: nigamam Ve_das (Civappira. Civaa_. Ne. 21,7); conclusion (I_t.u, 1,8,11)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) nigama the Veda or Vedic text; any passage or word quoted from the Vedas, a Vedic sentence; a root (as the source of a word) (Skt.) (Skt.lex.) nyaga_t went down (RV.); nigantavya to be learnt (A_past.); nigacchati acquires knowledge (Skt.); n.iacchai sees (Pkt.); n.iai sees (Pkt.); nin.a_ to know, recognize (Ash.); nin.a_ to understand (Wg.)(CDIAL 7165).

5163.To peep: nin:ku, nilkuni to peep; to reach; ni_kaliyuni to peep (Tu.); ni_ki to peep (Kor.); nilki to peep (Ka.);(DEDR 3662). ni_jh looking closely at (P.); nij peeping (WPah.)(CDIAL 7208). nidhya_yati sees, observes (AitBr.); nijjha_yati meditates; nijjha_pe_ti wins over (Pali); nijhapayitave to reflect on (As'.); n.ijjha_ai, n.ijjha_i looks at, reflects (Pkt.); nijjhon.u_ to peep (WPah.); nijha_na_ to see, pry into (H.)(CDIAL 7209). nis'cino_ti investigates (MBh.); cike_ti observes (TS.); n.icchayai investigates (Pkt.); -nje- to see, look (Pr.)(CDIAL 7440). nibha_layati perceives (ChUp.); n.i(b)ha_le_i sees (Pkt.); niha_la look; naha_l (Mai.); niha_ran.u (S.); nhya_l.n.u to wait for (WPah.); niya_lnu to look (N.); niha_liba (A.); niha_le (MBh.); niha_rab to look toward, spy (Mth.); niha_ral to see (Bhoj.); niha_rab (Aw.); niha_l.vu~ (G.); niha_l.n.e~, neha_l.n.e~ to look at carefully (M.); niha_rna_ to look for, expect (P.); niha_riba to look at (A.); niha_ra_, neha_ra_ to look at (B.); niha_riba_ (Or.); niha_rna_ (H.)[Poss. forms with r have spread from Bi. Mth. area on one hand into H. (whence or fromk S. into P.) and on the other into Or., B. (with older l-form) and A. (with variant l- form)](CDIAL 7228). cf. no_t.am examination of coins, assaying; no_kku (no_kki-) to see, look at, behold, view, consider (Ta.)(DEDR 3794). lol.ik to look for, look at (Kho.); lor.n.a_ to search for (P.); lor.iba_, nor.iba_ (Or.)(CDIAL 11156).

5164.Image: the tusk of an elephant: niggama, niggava the tusks of an elephant : ivory (fr. nid.u-kave); gaja-danta (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

5165.Marketplace: nigama marketplace (Skt.) < Drav. (? metathesis, maganma); market town (Pali); n.igama id. (Pkt.); niyama marketplace (OSi.)(CDIAL 7158). niyamgama large village (Si.)(CDIAL 7159). negama the inhabitant of a (small) town; citizen; often combined with ja_napada (pl.) townsmen and country (Pali.lex.); nigama a small town, market town (opp. janapada); often combined with -ga_ma, si_ma (Pali.lex.); ga_ma a collection of houses, a hamlet [vedic. gra_ma heap, collection, parish]; a habitable place, a parish or village having boundaries and distinct from the surrounding country; in size varying, but usually small and distinguished from nigama, a market town; ga_ma nigama ra_jadha_niyo, ga_ma-nigama=nagara-rat.t.ha-janapada; ga_ma-kamma that which is to be done to, or in a village; ga_ma-vara an excellent village (Pali.lex.) Bazaar street; accessories: nigam the way of the traders (Sat. xxvi.9); to come to, get (RV. x.10.11) (Vedic.lex.) nigamam town, city; street, thorough-fare (Kantapu. Tati_ciyut. 83); bazaar; trade; a caravan of merchants (Ta.); niyamam town, city (Ci_vaka. 2601); temple (Cilap. 14,8); bazaar street (Maturaik. 365); street; place, location; a hall (Perun.. Vattava. 2,73); ne_makam hall, residence (Kon.t.alvit.u. 58); ne_makam orderliness (Kon.t.alvit.u. 406)(Ta.); niyama-vican-am < niyama + vyajana necessary accessories (Perun.. Ucaik. 34,171-2)(Ta.) (Ta.lex.) [cf. vyajana decoration (RV.); sign (A_pS'r.); vam.jan.a mark (Pkt.); vyajana mark (Pali); viam.jan.a (Pkt.); viyadun distinctive mark (Si.)(CDIAL 12160).] nigama (Skt.Pali) market town; n.igama id. (Pkt.); niyama id. (OSi.)(CDIAL 7158). niyama-gama large village (Si.)(CDIAL 7159). negama the inhabitant of a (small) town; citizen; negama jana people; negama-ja_napada_ pl. townsmen and country-folk; nigama (fr. nigacchati = a meeting place or market) a small town, market town (opp. janapada); nigama-ga_ma; nigama-si_ma; nigama-katha_, setakan.n.ika-nigama; nigama-sa_manta; Asitajana-nigama (Pali)(Pali.lex.)

5167.This (person): nui this, this one, applied to animate objects only; nui hor. this man; nui d.an:gra this bullock; nuigeye hataokeda this (person) took it; nuit.ak this particular one, applied to animate objects only; nukin these two, applied to animal objects only; nukinkin senlena these two went; nukinak or.ak kana it is the house of these two; nu~ku~i this one here, applied to animate objects only; nu~ku~i non.d.e n.elepe this one here is he, look at him; num to name, to call by name, to praise; celepe numkedea? what name have you given him (Santali.lex.)

5168.Mouldy: nulayuka to rot, moulder (Ma.); nubbu mouldy, musty (Tu.); nilk mould on leather (Go.)(DEDR 3713). mu~hu~t mouldy, to become mouldy (Santali.lex.) ba_tello musty; ba_te get mouldy (owing to monsoon-weather) (Kon.lex.)

5169.Image: broken rice; grit: nin:galu, nin:gol.u broken rice, grit (Tu.); nen:g- to grind (Pa.); nen:ga that which has been ground (Pa.); nen.- to grind (Ga.); neng- to rub, grind (Ga.); naggu to be powdered; neccu rice flour, small rice grits (Te.); an.n.u, akku crushing, bruising into a jelly or mass (Tu.); neggu, ner..gu to be curved or bent inward (Ka.); naggu to become bruised (as a metal vessel); n. a bruise in metal vessels (Ka.); nagc- to dent (Ko.); nakal. to be crushed (Ta.)(DEDR 2927).

5172.Image: to stand up; to lift up: nin.- (-it-) to rise up from a sitting position, wake up (from sleep); nik- to lift up, raise, rouse from sleep (Kond.a); nin.(g)- (nin.t-) to rise, get up; nik- (-t-) to raise (Pe.); nin.(g)- to rise; nik- to raise (Mand..); ninga (ningi-) to rise, arise, stand up; n. act of rising, standing up; nipka (< nik-p; nikt-) to raise, cause to stand up (Kui); ningali to arise; nikhali to arouse; ninginai to rise; nikkh'nai to rouse; nin:g- (-it-) to rise; nik- (-h-) to lift up, raise; nin:g- (-it-) to get up, wake up; nik- (-h-) to lift up; to awaken (Kuwi)(DEDR 3665). negapu, negepu, negavu, negahu to raise, to lift up; to hold uplifted or elevated (Ka.); nekku, nempu (Ta.); nigud.incu (Te.); nege to raise (also used of light), to ascend, to go upward (Ka.); er.. (Ka.); egi (Te.); ekkat.iga (Te.); nige (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) Image: to stand erect: nikal.am, nigal.am haughtiness; nikal.ikka, nigal.ikka to swell, strut (Ma.); nikkul.isu to bend oneself from coquetry or in coquetish manner; ni_l.ku to stretch oneself upwards, rise up to one's full height, stretch oneself; nil(u)ku to stretch oneself, stretch one's limbs from fatigue etc., stand on tiptoe, rise up to (Ka.); nikku to become or stand erect, rise; be proud, conceited or presumptuous; n. erectness, rising; pride, conceit; make erect, perk, strut; nikku~bo_tu conceited person; nikkud.u act of becoming erect, erectness, erection, rise (Te.); nikk- to stretch forward (Go.)(DEDR 3662). Images: to be erect; to be out-stretched: ni_kku-tal, ni_n:ku-tal to spread out, as the legs, fingers (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) nigul., nimir, nimiru to be stretched forth, to be extended, to lengthen out to the full; to spread, to expand; to become erect; to raise one's self, to take an upright position; to rise; to swell; to become proud, to strut (Ka.); nigura tege to make go out to the full length (Ka.); nigurcu, nimircu to stretch forth, stretch out to its full length etc. (Ka.); nigud.incu, nivud.incu (Te.); ni_l. (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) nimir(ru)tal to be out-stretched, as the arm (Kampara_. Kan:kai. 62); to grow tall as a youth; to shoot up (Te_va_. 1160,5); to extend, expand, spread out (Kampara_. Kulamur-ai. 4)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Image: to hold aloft: nimirtti-p-pit.i-ttal to hold erect; to hold aloft, lift up (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) mi_kai uplifted arm (Patir-r-up. 40,12)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Image: to run: nimir(ru)-tal to walk, proceed (Pu. Ve. 7,5); to run (Cu_t.a_.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Image: erect: imir (-v-, -nt-) to be straight, erect; nimir (-v-, -nt-) to become erect, be straightened, stand upright, be outstretched, grow tall; nimirttu (nimirtti-) to straighten up, set upright (as a pot), straighten out, unfold; nimiral straightening out, becoming erect; mu_ri-nimir to stretch oneself as from laziness (mu_ri- shaking off laziness, laziness); emir (-v-, -nt-) to spread, extend (Ta.); niviruka, ni_ruka to rise, stand, erect, revive; nivirikka, ni_rkka to erect, rase, unbend, straighten; nivircca straightness, height of body; nivirttuka to raise, erect, straighten, unfurl; nivirttikka to raise; nivirppikka to refresh; nu_r- to straighten (Ma.); muniv- (munivd-) to stretch and groan when one wakes (Ko.); nimir to be stretched, become straight, stand up to one's full length, become erect, grow high, be lifted up, be unfurled, become extensive, spread; nimirike state of being stretched etc.; nirmircu to cause to be stretched etc.; lengthen, lift up, raise, cause to spread or increase; nigur(u), nigaru to be stretched forth, be extended, lengthen out to the full, spread, expand, become erect, raise oneself, take an upright position, rise, swell, become proud, strut; nigiru to be extended; nigurisu, nigarisu to stretch forth, stretch out to its full length, etc.; nigarike state of being stretched or lengthened out; nigul. to take an upright position, stand erect, expand, increase (Ka.); nimuruni to become straight; nigacuni to stretch (Tu.); nigud.u, nivud.u to extend, stretch, spread, become erect, rise, increas, swell; nigud.(u)cu to stretch, extend, make erect (Te.); nikip- (nikit-) to stretch out (Pa.); nigr.i- (-t-) (body) is stretched full length, become erect; caus. nigr.is- (Kond.a); nde to make straight (Malt.)(DEDR 2922). To extend, expand: nimir(ru)-tal to be excessive (Pur-ana_. 14); to extend, expand, spread out (Kampara_. Kulamur-ai. 4); to be of superior quality as gold (Ci_vaka. 1376)(Ta.lex.)

5173.Image: to return: n.iho_d.ai returns, drives back (Pkt.); nihur. to return (MB.)(CDIAL 7175).

5174.Pilot of a ship; seam of a ship: ni_kkal seam of a ship, pat.akin taiyalin.aippu = sewn joint of a ship (J.); ni_ka_n- pilot, steersman (Paripa_. 10,55)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) nikkat.astu_r foresail, kappalin mun-marappa_y (Ta.Naut.)(Ta.lex.) cf. Captain of a ship: mi_ka_n- pilot, captain of a vessel (Tan.t.i, 37, Urai. Uta_.); mi_ka_man- pilot, captain of a vessel, ma_lumi (Maturaik. 321, Urai.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

5175.To quilt: nigandn.a_ to quilt (Pali); nagandn.a_ id. (Pali); niganda_, naganda_ a stitch in quilting (Pali); nigrantham intertwining (AitBr.)(CDIAL 7168). cf. ga_nd.a women's cloth (Go.); gand.a cloth (Pa.); ganda_ cloth (Kuwi)(DEDR 1180).

5176.Image: anklet: nigal.a bracelet; an (iron) chain for the feet (Pali) (Pali. lex.) ne_vura, nu_pura an anklet (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) [cf. Semant. ke_yu_ra armlet (Skt.)] nu_pura ornament for ankles or toes (MBh.); anklet (Pali); n.e_ura (Skt.);[cf. (as distinct from:) ke_yu_ra armlet (Skt.); sekra sakom an armlet of bell metal (Santali); (thus, ke_yu_ra for the arm; n.e_ura for the ankle)]; lipur anklet (Santali); n.u_ura (Pkt.); nu_ra_ silver anklet (L.); nuruva rings etc. on the hands and feet of dancers (L.); n.e_ura, n.i_yura, n.iura anklet (Pkt.); neur (P.B.H.); bell on necks of cattle (Ku.); newar anklet (N.); newar, nyaur anklet (H.); ankle or pastern joint of horse (H.); neura anklet (OG.); nevar, neval. id. (G.); nevar, neu_r contrivance placed over ankles or pasterns of horses to prevent rubbing (M.)(CDIAL 7577). ni_dhura bracelet, bangle; nivara, ni_yura (Pali) (Pali.lex.) ne_varisu, nivarisu to make straight, smooth or proper by gently rubbing with the hand or by fingering; to rub gently with the hand, to stroke (Ka.); ne_varincu (Te.)(Ka.lex.) Image: shackles for legs: nelu, neru, niaru shackles for forefeet of animals (S.); nayal chain for legs of camel or horse (L.); nelo (Ku.); nya_la_ pl. fetters (Ku.); nel (N.); nihal (A.); nia_li_ (B.); neval. (G.); nigad.a iron chain for legs (Skt.); nigal.a fetter (Pali); n.aiad.a, n.aiala fetter, anklet like a fetter (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7157). Image: woman with an ornamental foot-chain: nigad.a, nigala, nigal.a a chain for the feet, especially the chain used to secure the hind feet of an elephant; a fetter or shackle in general; an ornamental foot-chain; nigal.e a woman with ornamental foot-chain (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

5177.Image: to jump: negacu, negasu, negisu to cause to jump or jump away; nege jumping etc. (Ka.); negata the act of leaping or having leaped (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) niva (-pp-, -nt-) to rise, be elevated, grow, spread, overflow; nivar (-v-, -nt-) to rise high; nivappu elevation, height; ivar (-v-, -nt-) to rise on high, ascend, spring, leap, rush out, climb over, mount; ika (-pp-, -nt-) to leap over, cross over, transgress, overflow; iya (-pp-, -nt-) to pass beyond, excel, transcend; iyakkam greatness, excellence (Ta.); nikakka to rise; ivaram height; ivaruka to rise up; ivarttuka to lift, raise; ekaruka to ascend, rise; ekarttuka, ekattuka to lift, raise; ekaram height, uphill; ikaykkuka to transgress (Ma.); nege, nese to rise, ascend, go upward, jump; negapu, negavu to lift up, hold uplifted; egarisu to cause to rise, cause to fly, cause to jump; egarisu to cause to rise, cause to fly, cause to jump, shoplift; egarike jumping; egu rising, embarkation; ega_ diga_ up and down; neggu to lift (Ka.); nekkura cliff (Kod..); negiyuni to rise, come up; negipuni to leap, jump, spring up; negapuni to overflow; negattu overflowing (Kod..); negi to lift (Kor.); negayu, egayu, nevayu to fly, go up, rise up, jump; negavu, egavu flying, flight; eguru, evuru to fly, jump up; n. flying, flight, jump; eguva te top; eguvu flying, flight of bird; egupu flight, increase; egu, egud.u high, raised; egayincu to toss up; egacu to cause to fly; egirincu to toss up, cause to fly; ega upwards; ega diga up and down; eydu to fly; egumati embarkation, putting goods on board of a ship, exportation; egudala the upper or high part or region (as of a river); increase, rise (Te.); negay- (negayt-) to fly; negap- (negapt-) to make to fly (Kol.); negay- to fly, rise; negap- to make to fly or rise (Nk.); egur- to jump (Nk.); egr- to dance; egermur. a dance (Go.); egr.i- (-t-) to fly (as a bird)(Kond.a)(DEDR 3730).

5178.Temple manager; merchants; a bullock load: navaru temple; nagari-adhika_ri temple manager; nakaramu temple (Te.); nakar temple (Ta.)(DEDR 3568). nagarta a Vais'ya merchant class (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) naga an ornament; an article, a piece (Ka.M.); nage (Te.Ma.); nakai (Ta.); a load of articles; a bullock load (Ka.Te.) (Ka.lex.) nakai jewels (Ta.); naka (Ma.); naxy id. (To.); naga jewelry (Kod..); jewels, ornaments; goods, property (Tu.); a jewel or ornament, a metal vessel, a bullock load of tobacco etc. (Te.); naga- mountain (Skt.); nag id., rock, precious stone, jewel (H.); nag id., an article or item (as of implements, pieces of apparel, etc., in enumerating them), a piece (M.)(DBIA 221). nukam burden, weight (Ci_vaka. 203)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) nakai-na_n.ayam, nakai-nat.t.u jewels and other valuables (Ta.lex.) navuru, navaru, naviru that is tender, soft, fine, thin, small, as grass, hair, cloth, paper and other articles (Ka.Te.)(Ka.lex.) Cash: nagadi ready money (Ka.M.H.); fiscal, financial (Ka.M.H.); nagadi-guma_sta a cashier; nagadi-ya_tu the land revenue which is paid in money (Ka.); nagadu ready money or cash (Ka.); nagada (M.H.)(Ka.lex.)

5179.Village priest: naeke the village priest of the Santals; kud.am naeke the priest who conducts the worship of the lesser dieties of the villages; naeke era the priest's wife; naeke man rent free land cultivated by the priest; uniko naekekedea they elected him to be priest; naeke khil a sub-sept of all the Santal septs; naeke-khil-God.a a sub-sept of Marn.d.i sept (Santali)(Santali.lex.)

5180.Customary: ne_mo the annual festival of a demon; ne_mo-deccud.u a priest seized with demon (Tu.lex.) ne_ng custom (Go.); ne_keri customary, usual; usually (Kui); ne_g ceremony, sacrificial rite, received custom (Kur.)(DEDR 3763). nikuti method, custom (Ta.); cf. niyati (Skt.)(Ta.lex.) cf. nikka_ marriage among Muhammadans (Ta.); nikka_ (U.); nikka_ remarriage of a widow (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) la_kana, la_ka_nj the sacrifice after a successful hunt (Go.); r.a_k- (-t-) to offer worship, sacrifice; intens. r.a_bga-; r.a_kel ja_ni priest who offers sacrifice (Pe.); r.a_k- to offer worship, sacrifice (Mand..); la_ka (la_ki-) id.; n. a sacrifice, worship; la_ka so_ka a sacrifice, worship (Kui); la_k- to sacrifice; la_kinai to praise; la_kwinaito invoke; la_gu offering to a deity; r.a_k- (-it-) to sacrifice (Kuwi); ale_j sacrifice (in which the patient witnesses the slaughter smeared with the blood)(Br.)(DEDR 297). neg, nege a religious feast (Mu.Sadani.Oraon)(Mu.lex.) Image: offering: nivap to scatter about, sow (as seed); to offer (as oblations), especially to the manes; nivapanam sowing; an offering to the manes, an oblation in honour of one's deceased ancestors; niva_pa seed, grain, seed-corn; an offering to the manes of deceased parents or other relatives, a libation of water etc. as the s'ra_ddha ceremony; a gift or offering in general; nive_danam delivering; dedication; an offering or oblation (Skt.)(Skt.lex.) n.e_vajja, n.e_vijja food offered to a deity (Pkt.); naive_dya offering of food to an idol (BhP.); nive_dya (MBh.); nive_dayati offers (S'Br.); nevaju, neju a kind of cake eaten cold on 7th day of dark of S'ra_van.a (S.)(CDIAL 7606).

5181.Image: large drum: naga_ri a large kettle-drum (Ka.Te.); naga_ra_ (M.H.); bhe_ri (G.); naga_ri-navavattu the naga_ri and eight other instruments; naga_rakha_ne the place in which the drums and other instruments of a band are kept (Ka.M.H.); the place where a band performs (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) nakkara_, nakara_ < naqa_ra_ (U.); naqqa_ra (Arabic) a large kettle-drum (Kon.t.alvit.u. 508); naka_ra_, naka_r id. (Ta.lex.) nagera, nagara, nagra a kettle-drum (cf. Pl.XXVII,A) (Mu.); naka_ra (Sadani. Arabic); nugara a drum (Abyssinian)(Mu.lex.) ne_k- (musical instrument) to sound, be played on; ne_kup-/ne_kp- to play an instrument (Nk.); ne_ka_na_ to sound (of a pot, gong, bell), to ring; ne_k- (musical instrument) to sound (Go.); (bell) to sound; caus. ne_ksta_na_, ne_ksa_na_, ne_kih-; eksa_na_ to beat (drum); eganta (spelled yegant.a) o'clock = 3 sg. neut. pres. (Go.)(DEDR 3762).

5183.Barber: na_pita barber (S'Br.); na_piti_, na_pini_ (BHSk.); sna_paka bath attendant (R.); naha_pita barber (Pali); n.ha_via, n.a_vi(d)a (Pkt.); na_i_ (S.L.P.); id. (Bi.Mth.H.); na_in. his wife (P.); na_i (WPah.B.); na_wi_, na_yan. (WPah.); na_i_ (Ku.); neyo (B.); nha_wi_, na_in (H.); na_vi_ (G.); na_ha_vi_, nha_vi_ (M.); nhvi, nvi (Si.); na_wid, nyid (K.); naha_paka barber (Pali); na_u (N.B.Or.Bi.Mth.B.M.); na_u_ (Bhoj.Aw.H.); na_uni (Mth.); naua_ (Bi.); nauwa_ (H.)(CDIAL 13792). na_vicam the barber's profession (S.I.I. ii,278); na_vican- barber (S.I.I. ii,277); na_vitan- id. (Ci_vaka. 2491)(Ta.lex.)

5185.Image: joking: nakali, nakalu ridicule, joking, jesting, witticism, satire (Ka.); nakali_ diverting, as a story or a story-teller (M.H.); nakali mimicry (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: smiling, laughing: nakal smiling, laughing; rejoicing, gladness (Na_lat.i, 137); nakali id. (Ka.Tu.); naka_ar tooth as appearing in laughter (Cir-upa_n.. 57); naka_al laughter (Kalit. 142,16); naku-tal to laugh, smile (Kur-al., 784); nagu id. (Te.Ka.); nakai-ttal id. (Kalla_. 88,1); nakai laughter, smile (Ci_vaka. 1568); nage id. (Ka.); cheerfulness, delight (Ka.); nakai id. (Patir-r-up. 68,14); contemptuous laughter, sneer, derision, scorn (Na_lat.i, 377); nage id. (Ka.); nakai grinning (Ta.); nage id. (Ka.); nakaippu smiling (Ta.); nagavu id. (Te.); nakai-y-a_t.u-tal to jeer, rail at; to joke (Ain:kur-u. 79, Urai.); nan:ku-tal to deride, mock at (Par..amalai. 50); nan:gu id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.) nakkal laughing, mockery, brightness, splendour (Ta.); nakekka to laugh (Ma.); nagu (nakk-), nage to laugh, smile, laugh at, deride; n. a laugh, smile, laughter, derision, blooming, blossoming (Ka.); nagega_r-a a man who causes to laugh, a ridiculer, joker (Ka.); nakali ridicule, satire, caricature (Tu.); nakeruni to titter, giggle (Tu.); nagavu a laugh, smile; nagu to laugh, smile; n. a laugh, smile (Te.); naguba_t.u ridicule, derision, mockery; navvu to laugh, smile, joke, ridicule; n. laughter, smile, jest, joke, fun, ridicule, derision; navvincu to cause to laugh, excite mirth in, amuse (Te.); nav- to laugh; nava jeri joke, joking; navip- (navit-) to cause to laugh (Pa.); nag-, nagg-, nag- (nak-) to laugh (Ga.)(DEDR 3569).

5186.Certainty; one's own: nidho, nido confirmation (N.); nidhd.a_, nidha_d.a_ certainty (M.)(CDIAL 7354). nij the original sept from which the sub-septs of all Santal septs have been derived; nij, nije one's own, oneself, special, original; ac nijegeye kamieda he is working himself; nij jot one's own farm cultivated by oneself; nij bhai, nije bhai one's own brother; nijat without any recognized caste, having been out-casted; nayad.ih e nijat hor. menakkoa there are casteless people in Nayadih; nije one's own, oneself, themselves, himself; adren nije hor.ko t.hen to his own people; nijgut for certain, by oneself, at first hand (Santali) (Santali.lex.) nija constant (AV.); innate, of one's own country, one's own (Skt.); nija, niya, niyaka own (Pali); ni- genetive affix (NiDoc.); n.ia- own (Pkt.); nia (Mth.); niya (OG.)(CDIAL 7181). ne_ili~_, ne_ili_n, ne_ili_ always (Wot..)(CDIAL 7182). nitya continual; nityam always (RV.); nicca constant (Pali); nice nom. sg., nica_ pl. permanent, indispensable (As'.); n.icca constant; n.iiya, n.i_ya (Pkt.); nico very nearly, exactly, by all means, constantly (Kho.); nich always (WPah.); nica constant (OM.); nisa-di_, nisa-di always (-di_ < divasa)(Si.); niti always (Si.Skt.)(CDIAL 7190). nitara_m especially (R.); completely (Skt.); nirha~_ completely, extremely (OM.)(CDIAL 7189). Certainty: n.ikkhutta certainty (Pkt.); nikkhu_m.ti adj. absorbed in (OG.)(CDIAL 7155). nikkuva truth, certainty; truly, certainly (Ka.); nikkamu, nikkuvamu, nikkemu truth, fact, reality, certainty; true, real, certain; nik-kala a true dream (Te.)(DEDR 3663). nis'caya enquiry, conviction (Mn.); nis'cayena_ certainly (Mn.); nicchaya discrimination, certainty (Pali); n.iccaya, n.icchaya (Pkt.); nico exactly (Kho.); nihico conference, certainty (S.); nicher.o, nichor.o decision, settlement (S.); ni_hca_ belief, patience (WPah.); nicaya certainty (MB.); nice~ certainly (Or.)(CDIAL 7439).

5187.Firmament: na_ka-lo_ka the heavenly world; na_ka-sadana an inhabitant of heaven, a deity; na_ki a deity, a god (Ka.); na_ka heaven, the sky, the atmosphere; heaven, the abode of the gods (Ka.Skt.); cf. na_ks.atra relating or belonging to the lunar asterism, sidereal; cf. naks.atra star (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) nhon. name of a god (Kal.); non. (Kt.Pr.); nahang (Pers.); na_ga (Skt.)(CDIAL 7039). na_ka-nakar the nether world (Cilap. 1,21, Arum.); na_ka-na_t.u heavenly region; land of the Na_ga race (Man.i. 8,54); the nether world; na_ka-na_tan- Indra as the lord of the celestial world; na_kiyar women of the celestial world (Kampara_. U_rte_. 121)(Ta.) (Ta.lex.)

5188.Image: to be bent inward: nawan, newan bent, curved, to bend, to curve (Santali) (Santali.lex.) neggu to be curved or bent inward, to sink in, to sink; to get a bruise (Ka.); n.n.u (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) neggu to crush, to smash, to break, to destroy (Ka.); kku (Ma.); neru to be ground small (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) naggu, nekku to become bruised, as a metal vessel (Ka.); nokku (Te.); neri to break, to burst, be crushed or smashed (Ta.); naggu, neggu a bruise in metal vessels (Ka.); nekku to be depressed, to sink (Ka.lex.) Image: to be cracked: nekku-vit.utal to be broken, cracked (Nalvar..i. 33); to part at the joint as wood-work (Ta.); neku-tal to be ruined, scattered, broken (Ci_vaka. 426); ne_ka very minutely; ne_kal fine, flinty sand (G.Tp.D. I,175)(Ta.lex.)

5189.To press; to thrust: nu_kku to shove, push (Ta.); nu_ku to shove, push, thrust aside (Ka.); to push violently, shove; n. a thrust (Te.); nu.k to push (Kod..); to push so as to move (Kol.)(DEDR 3722). nur..ai to insert, put (Ta.); nokkuka to pierce, bore through (?Ma.); r.upka to twist something into a cloth, insert (Kui); nulugna_ to insert, thrust (Kur.); lulqe to thrust in (Malt.)(DEDR 3714). nekku, nerukku to press, push (Ta.); neggicu (Te.)(Ta.lex.