6128.Image: snake; having coils: bho_ga any winding or curve; a ring, the coil of a snake; the expanded hood of a serpent (Ka.); bho_gi having curves or coils: a snake; bho_gipa the snake s'e_s'a; bho_gini a serpent woman; bho_gis'aya Vis.n.u; bho_gavat having rings or coils; a snake; bho_gadhara a snake (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) po_kavati < bho_gavati the city of the serpent race in the nether world (Pin..); prosperous, happy woman (Can.. Aka.); po_kavatikkir-ai An-antan- the serpent lord of po_kavati_ (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) bho_gavati, bho_ga_vati the city of the snakes in the subterranean regions; the river of the snakes, the Ganges of the lower regions; bho_ga_vati city, town (Ka.lex.) bhogin (fr. bhuj) having coils, of a snake; bhuja to bend; bhujaga snake; biugan to bend (Goth.); beugen, biegen (Ger.); bogo (OHG.); bow (E.)(Pali.lex.) bhujam.ga snake (Sus'r.); bhujaga (MBh.); bhuj bend (Skt.); bhujan.a, bhujaga (Pali); bhuam.ga, bhuaa (Pkt.); bhuan:g, bhavan:g a kind of snake (P.); bhuam.ga snake (OAw.); bhuwa~g (H.)(CDIAL 9526). bhukti daily movement of a star (Su_ryas.) (Skt.lex.) pucakam snake (Tiruppu. 1187)(Ta.lex.)

6129.Image: bend, curve: {Echo word} bon:kane in a bending or bent way (Ka.) (Ka. lex.) bokka, boggu with a turn, bend or bow; bok boralu, bokka boralu, bokka bo_rla headlong, flatwise (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Flight: bhuja crooked, bending; bhuja-lat.t.i betel-pepper tree (Pali.lex.) fugio to flee (Lat.); fuga flight (Lat.); bouc (OHG.)(Pali.lex.) bhujaga Garud.a (Skt.lex.) d.humbak, ombak to bend forwards; bhor benediction (Santali.lex.) cf. pan:kuram < bhan:gura the bend of a river; curve (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Image: crooked: bhuj bend (Skt.); bhugna bent, crooked (A_s'vGr..); bhogga bent (Pali); bhugga bent, crooked (Pkt.); bun bent (Si.)(CDIAL 9522). cf. bhugga_ ant-eaten, decayed (L.)(CDIAL 9523). bhukti curve, fold; faily movement of a star (Su_ryas.); bhuja arm (MBh.Pali); bhua arm, hand (Pkt.)(CDIAL 9525). cf. bhujam.ga snake (Sus'r.)(CDIAL 9526). bhuja_li, bhoja_li short sword (B.) (CDIAL 9527). vr.j bend; vr.kta in cmpds. 'turned, bent'(RV.); bruk^u bending of something perpendicular (esp. the backbone) under too heavy a weight (K.); bi_ka_ crooked (H.)(CDIAL 12066). boggu to bend; the state of being bent; boggisu to bend (Ka.); boggu hegga_l.e a bent large bull (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ba_ku a bend, a curve (Ka.M.); ba_ka, ba_n:ka, va_ka, va_n:ka (H.); ba_gu to bend, to bow, to incline, to stoop; to bend; to pour off the water from boiled rice, etc. by inclining the vessel (Ka.); bending, incling; a bend, a curve; a bow, an obeisance (Ka.) (Ka.lex.) ban:ku to be crooked; to bend (Ka.); on:gu, van:gu (Te.); van:k to be crooked (Skt.); baggu to bend, to bow; to become submissive (Ka.); van.an:ku, val.ai (Ta.); van.accu, val.e to bend (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) Dagger: ba_gu, ba_ku a dagger (Ka.); va_n:ku (Ta.); va_ccu, van:gi (Ma.); ba_ku (H.)(Ka.lex.) Image: bent, curved: baka, ba~ka~ curved, twisted, bent, curved; bakbhen:kor. crooked, zigzag, winding, mixed (Santali.lex.)

6130.Image: cocoon: bo~k the pedicle of the cocoon of the tassar silk worm (Santali. lex.) pok^ol silk, cocoon (Kur.); poklu tassur silk (Malt.); pokl-t.owa cocoon (t.owa anything hollow, as the shell of an egg)(Malt.)(DEDR 4462). bo~k pedicle of cocoon (Santali.lex.) Hemp: boili_ hemp (Kol.); boyli id.; boyal, ba_yal sunn hemp; baiya_l flax; boilee hemp (Go.)(DEDR 4535). phuki empty, hollow, empty applied to cocoons etc. from which the insect has emerged; phuki lumam, lumam phuki an empty tassar cocoon from which the moth has emerged (Santali.lex.) Image: beehive: pol., pol.e~ honeycomb (M.); polo beehive (Ku.); polo, pwa_lo beehive (N.)(CDIAL 8398). poye~, pove~ honeycomb in hollow of wood or stone (M.)(CDIAL 8391). pera honeycomb, beehive (Te.)(DEDR 4412). pu_ki a type of beehive (Kuwi)(DEDR 4345).

6131.Image: deer: miga (Vedic mr.ga) a wild animal, an animal in its natural state; a deer, antelope, gazelle; e.g. en.i antelope; sarabha red deer; miga-cha_paka young of a deer; miga-luddaka deer-hunter; miga-visa_na a deer's horn; migi_ a doe (Pali)(Pali.lex.)

6132.Fabulous animal: makan.mai a fabulous animal having the form of a woman; womanhood; hermaphrodite, ali (Ta.lex.)

6133.Image: to overflow; to pour: pon:kal boiled rice seasoned with salt, pepper, cumin seeds and ghee; n.pr. of a festival (Ta.); pon:galu, pon:gil rice boiled with pulse, salted or sweetened with sugar (Ka.); pon:gu boiling, overlfowing (Te.); pog to boil and overflow (Kond.a); puge to swell (Malt.); pugro, pugt.o a boil, swollen (Malt.)(DEDR 4469). Flood; stream: po_kku-tal caus. of po_- to cause to go or flow; to send (Tiv. Periya_r... 3,2,1); po_kku flowing, as of water or wind (Kampara_. Or-r-uk. 46)(Ta.lex.) o_gha a flood, stream, current; an inundation (Skt.) (Skt.lex.) ogha flood; pava_ha id. (Pali)(Pali.lex.) cf. odde wetness (Tu.)(DEDR 1047). o_tavan-am sea as a great flood (Pa_rata. Aruccun-an-r-i_r. 2); o_tam flood, inundation, deluge (Cilap. 7,35); sea (Tiruva_ca. 38,3)(Ta.lex.) ogha a flood of water; mahogha a great flood; oghana watering, flooding; oghaniya that which can be engulfed by floods (Pali)(Pali.lex.) Image: to pour: oyi, hoyi to pour (Ka.) (Ka.lex.) cf. pey to pour down into (Ta.); po_yu to pour (Te.)(DEDR 4407). cf. or..uku to flow, trickle down (Ta.)(DEDR 1010). Image: increase, overflow: pon:ka_ram increase, overflow (Ta.); pon:kar-pa_n-ai new mud-pot used to boil rice for the pon:kal feast (Ta.); pon:ku-tal to boil up, bubble up; to increase (Ka_cika. Cayile_. 23); to expand, swell, as with joy (Tiruva_ca. 9,8)(Ta.); pon:gu (Te.Ka.); pon:guga (Ma.); pon:kal boiling, bubbling; ebbing; swelling; leaping (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Image: to boil over: hon:gu, pon:gu to swell; to boil over; to boil; to be elated, to exult, to be overjoyed (Ka.); pon:galu, pon:gil a boiling, a bubbling up (Ka.); pon:kal (Ta.); pon:gali, pon:gal.i (Te.); pon:gu to boil over; to burst open, to swell (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: to flow; to spill: cf. bo_khali to spill (Kuwi); po_nga_na_ to flow; be washed away, drown; of a river, to overflow its banks (Go.)(DEDR 4470). cohol bohol overflowing (Santali.lex.) Images: swelling; protuberance: bon:gu protuberance; bon:keluni to swell; bon:ka big, large (Tu.); bugut.i, bugud.u swelling, protuberance; pompur..i swelling (Ka.)(DEDR 4469). pon- to be spilled; pok- to spill; to pour (water)(Kond.a); po_nga_na_ to flow; be washed away, down; of a river, to overflow its banks; po_hta_na_ to drown a man, cause to be washed away; pon:ga_na_ to flow; ponga_na_ to float away; pongi_ta_na_ to spill (Go.); bon- (-t-) to be spilled; bok- (-t-) to spill (Pe.); buk- to pour (Mand..); ponga to be spilt, scattered; popka (< pok-p-; pokt-) to spill, scatter (Kui); bo_khali to spill; bokh'nai to shed, spill; bok- (-h-) to spill (Kuwi)(DEDR 4470).

6134.Solar festival: pon:kal solar festival when the sun enters capricorn and takes a northward course, being the first day of the month, tai, when pon:kal is prepared as an offering (Ta.); pon:gali (Te.); pon:kal a preparation of boiled rice seasoned with salt, pepper, cumin seeds and ghee (Cilap. 5,69); pon:kal varicai present sent to a married woman by her parents on pon:kal day (Ta.) (Ta.lex.) pon:galu-habba a festival in honour of the sun on its entering the sign of capricon when pon:galu is eaten (Ka.); pon:galu boiled rice (Ka.); pun-ka, pugarvu, pommal boiled rice (Ta.); pon:kal a boiling, a bubbling up (Ta.); bo_na boiled rice, food (Ka.); po_n-akam (Ta.)(Ka.lex.)

6135.Image: float: pon:ga_yi canoe (Tu.)(DEDR 4471). puhi a float for a fishing line (Santali.lex.) pon.n.u a float, raft, buoy, boat; pon.n.uka to rise, as out of the water (Ma.); pon:guni, pun:guni to rock, reel, toss (as a boat); pon:gelu tumbling, rocking, unsteadiness; pun:ge, pun:gele a fickle-minded man (Tu.); ponor act of floating; ponor er- to swim, float (Ga.); pong- to float (Go.); po_ngray a_- to swim (Kond.a)(DEDR 4471). Image: raft: pan:kilam raft (Ta.); pan:kila (Skt.) (Ta.lex.) pey to rain, fall (as dew or hail); pour down or into; poci to ooze, percolate, flow (Ta.); poy to pour, cast; pouring (Ka.); po_yu to pour, cast in metal (Te.); poy- (water) pours, flows, to be spilled, flow (Go.); poe~_na_ to fall (of rain)(Kur.); poye (pos-) to rain (Malt.)(DEDR 4407). cf. o_gna_ (u_gyas) to float (Kur.)(DEDR 1031). o_n:kal boat, vessel (Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

6136.Image: overflow; water channel: pagrao to construct a water channel, to lead water by clearing a way for it; dakko pagrao idikeda they led away the water; pajao id.; daka ma pajao aderme lead the water in; pa~er.e~ an overflow channel of a tank etc. cf. pagar water channel (Santali.lex.) phor. to cut a dam to allow the water to run out, to be breached, as an embankment of a dam etc.; dakko phor. akata they have cut the dam and let the water out; dakte phor.ena it (embankment) has been breached by water by a flood; pogar., pogar a surface drain, to surface drain; pokhori a tank mentioned in Santal traditions (Santali.lex.) Image: dam: bhokar to raise a dam, embankment, ridge etc., by putting fresh earth on it (Santali.lex.) paera to swim; paera dak water too deep to wade in, water deep enough to swim in; dakreko paeraka they swim in water; paera paromokme swim across (Santali.lex.)

6138.To make underground cellar for hiding treasure: po_kku-vaittal to make underground cellar for hiding treasure; to find out ways of expenditure (Ta.lex.) Treasury; general: cf. bokkan.a bag, pocket (Tu.)(DEDR 4458). bakkasa, bokkasa a a treasury (of a king, of a rich man, or of a temple (Ka.); bo_kasa_, bo_caka_ a bundle (M.); bukkise, bokkisa_, bokkese (Te.); baks.a_ (H.); bokkasa a money bag; a treasury (Te.); bokkasada mane a treasury; bokkasadavanu a treasurer (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Treasure; stores: pokkaca-vaippu treasure trove; hidden treasure; pokkacam, pokkis.am treasure; stores (Ta.); bokkasamu id. (Te.); bokkasa id. (Ka.); pokkis.akka_ran-, pokkis.a-ta_r treasurer; rich man; pokkis.a-ca_lai treasury; pokkis.a-vi_t.u id.; pokkis.a-p-pet.t.i coffer; chest for money and other valuables (Ta.lex.)

6139.Image: dancing warriors: pon:kattam, pon:kattam-pon:ku, pon:kattam-pon:ko_ exclamation of surrender by defeated warriors with a particular kind of dance (Tiv. Periyati. 10,2,10)(Ta.lex.)

6140.Image: bull: pun:kavam < pun.-gava bull (Uri. Ni.); Nandi, S'iva's bull (Paripa_. 8,2); that which is excellent; pun:kan-u_r-ma_t.u an excellent breed of Mysore cattle, raised in Pun:kan-u_r in North Arcot (Ta.lex.) pum.-vatsa a bull-calf; cf. bachd.a_ (Vedic. lex.) Eminent person: pun:kavan- < pun.-gava eminent person, chief (Ka_cika. Turuva. Tava. 1); priest, preceptor; Buddha; Arhat; pun:kavi fem. of pun:kavan- goddess; Pa_rvati_ (Ta_yu. Malaival.ar. 5)(Ta.lex.) cf. pu_j to pay homage to (Vedic. lex.) pu_ja_ honour, worship (A_s'vGr..); worship (Pali); puda offerings, worship (Si.)(CDIAL 8317). pu_j Jain devotee (P.); pu_ju venerable (S.)(CDIAL 8319). pun:gava a bull; at the end of a cmpd.: a hero, an eminent person, best, most excellent; pun:gava-dhvaja S'iva (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) pum.s male (RV.); man, mankind, people; a servant, an attendant; pum.gava a bull, an ox; at the end of cmpds.: chief, best, most excellent, distinguished or pre-eminent of any class (Skt.) (Skt.lex.) pun:kavam < pun.-gava bull (Uri. Ni.); Nandi, S'iva's bull (Paripa_. 8,2); that which is excellent (Ta.lex.) Image: male of an animal: pukalvi male of an animal (Kur-icip. 253)(Ta.lex.) Excellence: bo.ji beauty, goodness; bo.jan:gun.d.i well, in proper fashion; bo.ja-ka.re best man at wedding; bo.j avve mother's younger sister (Kod..); bo_ja excellence, greatness, pride (Tu.); bu_ja (bu_ji-) to be beautiful, handsome; n. beauty; adj. beautiful, handsome (Kui)(DEDR 4579). Boy: po_gan.d.a, paugan.d.a not fully grown, deformed; boy (BhP.); po_am.d.a eunuch (Pkt.); pu~_gr.a_ boy (H.); po~gd.a_ stripling; po~gd.i_ girl (M.)(CDIAL 8394). Man of exalted courage: pon:ga man of ebullition or of exalted courage (Ka.); pon:ku prosperity, fortune (Ta.); pon:kal abundance, splendour; n. pr. of a festival, abundance, profusion; pon:kam increase, abundance, joy, splendour; pokkam abundance, eminence, splendour; pommu (pommi-) to swell, excel in appearance; pommal abundance, thickness, plumpness; bommen-al to swell (Ta.); pon.n.al ostentation (Ma.); pon.n.accam display, boasting (Ma.); pompur..i growth, greatness (Ka.); pon:gad. proud flesh (Tu.); pon:gu to rejoice, be elated, be puffed up, be proud; n. joy, pride (Te.); pon:gincu to please, flatter, puff up, coax; pon:ka pride, haughtiness; bugulu-konu to increase, swell, rise; pompiri abundant, full (Te.); pon:gipt id.d.eng to exaggerate (Kol.); pon.i- (-t-) to be bloated, swell up (Kond.a)(DEDR 4469). chok bok abundant (Santali.lex.) o_n:kal chief, leader, superior, king; strong man; descendant (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) o_n:ka_ra-vuru, o_n:ka_ran- (+ ru_pa) deity considered as the personification of the mystic syllable Om; o_n:ka_ram Om, the mystic syllable (Te_va_. 320,10)(Ta.) (Ta.lex.) cf. pun:kavan- < pun.-gava eminent person, chief (Ka_cika. Turuva. Tava. 1); priest, preceptor (Pin..); god (Pin..); Buddha (Tiva_.); Arhat (Tiva_.)(Ta.lex.) Proud: puggu pride, arrogance; purgu id. (Ka.); pogaru pride, arrogance; pod.agu height, loftiness, stature; pod.ucu to rise as the tide, the sun, the moon, a star; pod.upu the swell of a river, the rising of the sun (Te.); poccu to boil over, bubble up; to rise as out of the water (Ma.); pokka height, increase; boiling over (Ta.Ma.); pokku a boil, blister (Ta.Ma.); pulusu pride (Te.); pugga_yila a proud or arrogant man (Ka.) cf. pon:ku to be haughty (Tol. Po. 426)(Ta.lex.) pukalvu pride, arrogance (Kur-icip. 135)(Ta.); puggu, purgu id. (Ka.); pogaru id. (Te.); po_kh'nai, po_k- (-h-) to swagger (Kuwi)(DEDR 4234). phu_hu pride of youth (S.); phu_har.u intemperate in language (S.); phu_har. obscene (P.); phohar, phohor, phor obscene language (N.); puhar dirt, filth (Or.); pu_har. obscene (H.); phuar., phuer. filthy (G.)(CDIAL 9105). pakir-u pride (Ta.); fakhr (Arabic)(Ta.lex.) bu_tu foul, shameless, obscene language; a shameless, obscene man (Ka.); bu_tu obscene or foul language; obscene, foul, indecent (Te.)(DEDR 4363). Obstinate man; irresistible; image: stout person: mokkan- stout person or thing (Ta.); mokkai bulkiness (Ta.); mokka_d.u a stout, strong man; a determined, resolute man (Te.)(DEDR 5108). mus.ku strength, vigour, insolence, presumption; mus.kan stout, stubborn, violent; mus.karam strength, power; mus.karan strong, self-willed; mukkal.am fullness of blood, turgid, well-fed, wanton state (Ta.); mus.kara pertinaciousness, stubbornness, obstinacy, insolence (Ka.); musku disregard, disrespect; mukkud.a stout, robust (Tu.); mus.karamu obstinate, stubborn, rude; mokkat.i~_d.u an obstinate man; mokkalamu obstinacy, stubbornness; obstinate, irresistible; mokkali, mokkalika~d.u an obstinate man, a brave man (Te.); mukkaram, mus.karam obstinacy (Ta.)(DEDR 5011b). Stupid; simpleton: bu~gr.o, bun.r.o small, undersized, simple, humble (Ku.); bu_khar fat and stupid (P.); bukeste blunt (Ash.); buke (Wg.); bu_k blunt (Tor.); bukuro, bukunu a little fellow (N.); bo_ka blunt (Dm.); boka_ senseless; bokr.a_ coarse, rough (B.); boka_ blockhead (Or.); lout, unwieldy person (M.); boghlu~ simple, guileless (G.); bo~ga_ loutish, clumsily big, dull, idiot (M.)(CDIAL 9263). bembha simpleton; bebuj simple (Santali.lex.) pun:kan- fool (Ta.); pun:kan id. (Ma.) (Ta.lex.) bhu_khar unproductive, barren (G.); bhu_ku blockhead (S.); bho~kr.a_ very large and fat (H.)(CDIAL 9519). pun:kan- fool (Ta.Ma.)(DEDR 4244). Simpleton: pen:ga, pegga simpleton, fool (Ka.); pen:ge, pen.n.e id., stupid fellow (Tu.); pen:ke an impudent, mischievous person; impudent (Te.)(DEDR 4381). ben.a_ idiotic (A.); left-hand (B.); ben:ga fetid smell (Or.)(CDIAL 9307). pe~gl.a_ slack, dull (M.)(CDIAL 7649). bhekuwa_ foolish, blunted, unlettered (Ku.); bhekal, bheklo foolish, lazy, unreliable; bhekaluwa_ foolish (Ku.); bhekera_ blunt (A.); bhe~ko stupid (A.); bhi~ga waste (S.)(CDIAL 9601).

6141.Sun-god: cf. bon:ga, sin.-bon:ga the sun, sun-god (Santali. Mundari.lex.) pon:ku good luck, fortune (A_tiyu_ravata_n-i. 38); prosperity; to be bright, attractive (Te_va_. 876,2)(Ta.lex.) surjahi bon:ga sun-god (Santali.lex.)

6142.Red powder; red liquid: pha_go dust; pha_g pollen of pines (Ku.); pha_ug, pha_g red powder thrown during Holi (B.); phagu (Or.); pha_gu powder thrown during Holi festival (Mth.); pha_g, pha_k, phagua_ powder then thrown in Holi festival (H.); phalgu reddish, red (TS.); red powder thrown at Holi festival (Skt.)(CDIAL 9062). phalguna reddish (TS.)(CDIAL 9065). Holi festival: po_ki-kol.uttal burning of old clothes and lumber on the night of po_ki-pan.t.ikai; po_ki, po_ki-pan.t.ikai festival on the day before pon:kal (Ta.lex.) pho~g spring festival (K.); phalgu spring season (Skt.); phaggu special period of fasting (Pali); spring festival (Pkt.); pha_gu sport at Holi festival, the 11th month February-March (S.); pha_g, phagua_ Holi festival (P.); pha_gu Holi festival (N.); pha_ku, pha~_k (with k from a word for 'powder' in, e.g. Or. pha~_ki)(A.); pha_gu Holi festival, the powder thrown during it (Mth.); phagua_ Holi festival (Bhoj.); pha_ga (OAw.); pha_g, pha_k, phagua_ Holi festival, song then sung, powder then thrown (H.); pha_g Holi festival (G.M.)(CDIAL 9062). phalguna the month February-March (Skt.); phagun.u id. (S.); phaggan., phaggun. (L.); phaggan., phagan (P.)(CDIAL 9065). o_kal.i, o_kul.i red liquid sprinkled or squirted at the holi feast, at the close of a temple festival, or at marriage (Ka.); o_kal.i, o_kul.i id. (Tu.)(DEDR 1028). pon:kar red-flowered silk cotton tree (Ta.lex.) cf. mokaram < muharram (Arab.) a muhammadan festival in the Arabic month of Muharram (Ta.lex.) cf. pho~g (K.) ~~ pon:kam exultation, joy (Ta.); pon:gu (Te.)(Ta.lex.) pon:kal solar festival when the sun enters capricorn and takes a northward course, being the first day of the month Tai, when pon:kal is prepared as an offering (Ta.); pon:gali id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.) pan:kun-i < phaggun.i (Pkt.) < phalguni_ the 12th month of the solar year, March-April (Ci_vaka. 851); pan:kun-i-y-uttaram special festival day when the moon is in conjunction with the 12th naks.atra (Ir-ai. Kal.a. 17, Urai)(Ta.lex.) pon:kam increase, abundance; bloom, splendour (Pan.avit.u. 365); po_ki, po_ki-p-pan.t.ikai festival on the day before pon:kal (Ta.lex.) phagguna February-March (Pali); pha_lguna (Mn.); phagun.e (KharI.); phaggun.a, pha_gun.a (Pkt.); pha_gun (K.); pha_gun. (WPah.); fa_ggan. (WPah.); pha_gun. (Ku.); pha_gun (N.A.Bi.Bhoj.H.); pha_gan. (G.M.)(CDIAL 9075).

6143.Smeared, wet: bhagga smeared, lime-washed (Pkt.); abhyakta anointed (S'Br.); bhiggn.a_ to get wet (P.); bhign.o (Ku.); bhignu (N.); bhiga_ wet (Or.); bhigiba_ to get wet (Or.); bhi_gna_ (H.); bhino wetted (S.); bhinna_ (P.); bhi_nau wet (OAw.); bhi_nu~ (G.)(CDIAL 9500). bhi~_ga_ wet (H.)(CDIAL 9501). abhyan:kte_ anoints oneself (RV.); abbhatta smeared with oil, sprinkled, wetted (Pkt.); biz to pour out (e.g. water)(Dm.); bhijan.u to get wet (S.); bhijjn.a_ (P.); bhijn.o (Ku.); bhijnu (N.); bhiziba (A.); bhija_ (B.); bhijiba_ (Or.); bhi_jab (Bi.); bhijla_h wet (Mth.); bhi_jal to get wet (Bhoj.); bhi_jab (Aw.); bhi_jna_ to be wet (H.); bhijvu~ (G.); bhijn.e~ (M.); bhijta_ (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 9502). abhyanakti anoints (AitBr.); abbhajati, abh(i)yajana (S'Br.); abhim.jan.a (Pkt.); bhim.ja_ anointing, massaging (Pkt.); bhi~_jab to be wetted (Bi.); bhi~_jal (Bhoj.); bhi~ja_vu~ to be wetted (G.); bhi~javvu~ to wet (G.)(CDIAL 9503). bo.k- (bo.kt-) to become wet; bo.kip- (bo.kipt-) to wet (Kol.); bo_k to be wet (Nk.); po_d- to get wet (Pa.); po_c- to be soaked (Ga.); puh- to make wet (Go.); puha to get wet, be wetted, sodden; puhpa (puht-) to make wet or damp, moisten (Kui); por^oxna_ (purxyas) to swell as a result of imbibed water; borsna_ to get moist, become wet (Kur.); porge to be soaked (Malt.); pude_n cold, chilly (Br.); bo_da swollen (Te.); potirkka to soak, steep (as fibres, cloth)(Ta)(DEDR 4505).

6144.Tip of an elephant's proboscis: put.karam tip of an elephant's proboscis (Ta.lex.)

6145.Sacred tank near a temple: pukar waterfall (Aru. Ni.)(Ta.lex.) pukkai spring-pond (Ta.); poykai natural or spring pond (Ci_vaka. 337); tank (Patir-r-up. 27)(Ta.lex.) poyka pond, flower-garden (Ma.); bugge spring of water, source of a river (Ka.); bugga spring of water, fountain (Te.)(DEDR 5433). pokkaran.i < pokkharin.i_ sacred tank, as in a temple (Perun.. Ucaik. 53,79); bokkaran.i id. (Ka.); put.karin.i lotus tank; sacred tank near a temple (Ta.lex.) pus.kara blue lotus (AV.); pukkhara lotus (Pkt.)(CDIAL 8298a). Irrigation basin; brick well: pokhur irrigation basin round base of a tree; pokh^ur^u brick well (K.); po(k)khar pond (P.); pokhar, p^wokhar (Ku.); pokhari pool, tank, lake (N.); pukhuri_ (A.); pokhiri_ (OB.); pukkhur(i), pukur, pakur (B.); pokhari (Or.); pokhar, po_khra_ (Bi.); pokhar, pokhari_ (Mth.); pokhara_, pokhari_ (Bhoj.); pokhar, pokhra_ (H.); pokhar (M.); pokura lotus flower (Si.); paus.kara pertaining to the blue lotus (MBh.); pokkhara lotus plant (Pali); pertaining to lotuses; lotus, water (Pkt.); pukkhara id. (Pkt.)(CDIAL 8425). ukhur. d.ad.i a spring of water in which a hollow log has been placed to prevent the sides falling in (Santali.lex.) paus.karin.i_ lotus pool, pond (Skt.); pus.karin.i_ id. (RV.); pokkharan.i_ lotus pool (Pali); pukarin.i, pokaran.i pond (KharI.); pokkharin.i_, pukkharin.i_ pond, lotus (Pkt.); pokhran. small lake or pond (M.); pokurun.i, pokun.a lake, pond (Si.)(CDIAL 8426). put.akini_ lotus [?cup-shaped flower](Skt.); pud.ain.i_ lotus pond (Pkt.); purain lotus leaf, lotus (H.)(CDIAL 8254).

6146.Means of livelihood; place of refuge; newcomer, settler: po_kkiyaka_n.t.am a class of categories (Civap. Kat..); po_kkiya-tattuvam id. (Ci.Ci. 1,19, Civaja_.); acutta-tattuvam impure categories, one of three classes of tattuvam, comprising 4 antakkaran.am, 5 ja_n-e_ntiriyam, 5 karume_ntiriyam, 5 tan-ma_ttirai, 5 pu_tam (Civap. Kat..)(S'aiva.)(Ta.lex.) po_kkit.am place of refuge (Tiruva_ca. 23,6); po_kkat.i pecuniary means; remedy (I_t.u, 1,4,4); refuge (I_t.u, 9,1,2); po_kkat.i-yar-utal to lose one's means of livelihood; to be laid prostrate; to be helpless (Kuruparam. 342); po_kkar-u-tal to lose one's means of livelihood (I_t.u, 6,10,10)(Ta.lex.) po_kku refuge (Kampara_. Ma_ya_can-aka. 83); character of land, as hilly, sandy; e.g. malaippo_kku, a_r-r-uppo_kku; po_kku going, passing, departure (Pu. Ve. 1,7, Kol.u); po_kkuvarattu going and returning (I_t.u, 6,10,10); guests; po_kkuvarattu-man.iyam clerk deputed to attend on guests; po_kkat.i refuge (I_t.u, 9,1,2); pecuniary means; po_kkat.iyar-utal to lose one's means of livelihood; to be laid prostrate, to be helpless (Kuruparam. 342); po_kkili one who has no refuge; po_kkan.am refuge; way of escape; food for a journey, viaticum; po_kkan- wayfarer, traveller (Ta.); po_kkan id. (Ma.); po_ka id. (Ka.); po_kkan- stranger, foreigner (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Abode: pukkil abode (Man.i. 23,76); house, dwelling, permanent abode (Kur-al..340); place of refuge (Pur-ana_. 221); body, as a temporary abode for the soul (Na_lat.i, 41); pukal entering; residence, dwelling (Ain:kur-u. 295); support, prop (Nar-. 179); refuge, asylum (Kampara_. Vipi_t.an.a. 109); body; receptacle for storing grain; means; pukali new-comer, settler (Takkaya_kap. 352, Urai.); Shiyali, name of a place in Tamil Nadu; pukalit.am dwelling, residence (Kampara_. Van-ampuku. 24); town, village; refuge, retreat, asylum (Tiruva_ca. 5,62); pukavu entering (Ain:kur-u. 314); po_kar those who live as house-holders (Te_va_. 490,3)(Ta.lex.) Image: door: pukuti front door (Ta.); pukutu (pukuti-) to enter, happen; pukuru (-v-, -nt-) to enter (Ta.); pu_r (-v-, -nt-) to enter; pu_tu (pu_ti-) id.; pu_vi (-pp-, -tt-) to cause to enter (Ta.); pukkil abode, place of refuge (Ta.); pukuka (pukk-) to enter, begin; pukukka to put into; pukkikka to make to enter or receive; pu_kuka to enter, reach a time; pu_kikka to make to enter (Ma.); uk- (ug- also in the negative; uky-) to enter (Ko.); pux (puk-) id. (To.); pugu, pogu (pokk-), hugu, hogu (hokk-), ogu to enter (Ka.); pugil entering, door, arrival (Ka.); pogguni to enter, penetrate (Tu.); pogpa_vuni to cause to enter or penetrate, pierce (Tu.)(DEDR 4238). Threshold: muha_t.h upright of doorframe; threshold (L.P.)(CDIAL 10159). muha_r.i_ top of a doorway outside a stockade (S.); muha_r. upright of doorframe (L.)(CDIAL 10160). mukat.u entrance of a house; mukat.t.u var..iyu_n. pukar..nta_r (A'ca_rak.23)(Ta.lex.)

6147.Image: pigeon: pokin.a, pokan.a, po_n.a, pu_n.a the green imperial pigeon, carpophaga sylvatica (Ma.); po_lg id. (Kol.); po_nal id. (Pa.); po_na_r., po_nar. id. (Go.); po_lgu green pigeon, green dove (Kuwi); poxa_ green pigeon (Kur.); poge id. (Malt.)(DEDR 4454).

6149.Image: hind leg of animal: pugo.l hind leg of animal (ko.l leg)(To.)(DEDR 4205). cf. ka_l leg, quarter (Ta.Ma.Ka.Kuwi.Mand..); id. (Pe.Kond.a.Ga.Go.Kol.); kalu id. (Te.); ka_lu id. (Tu.); ka.li (Kod..); ke_l leg (Pa.); ka_li cow, cattle; she-buffalo (Ma.)(DEDR 1479). cf. put.h back (CDIAL 8371). Image: shank of the leg: bagr.a_ shank of the leg (Kur.); bagd.e id. (Malt.); bagd.-pot.i calf of the leg (Malt.)(DEDR 3816). Image: hind legs, buttocks, hinder part: poko thigh, loins, back, rectum (Ku.); pokar. buttock, posterior, back, anus (A.)(CDIAL 8392). phugga loins (Pkt.); sphij buttock (Ka_tyS'r.); sphigi_ (RV.); sphicau nom. du. (MBh.); sphicam (Mn.); phijja buttock, upper part of thigh (Pkt.); phisu_ vulva (Pas'.); p(h)inji (Kal.); phi_ju mare's urinal parts, horse's pastern (S.); phi_l leg (Ku.); philo fleshy part of thigh and buttocks (N.); phi_li_, philli_ calf of leg (H.) (CDIAL 13837). paccha hinder part (Pkt.); pa_s the back, the rear (A.); pa_ch(a_) back part of anything (B.); pacha (Or.); pa_ch kicking out with the hind legs (H.); passa the hinder part (Si.); picho rear (S.); piccha_ hinder part, rear (P.); pis the rear (A.); picha_ (B.); posterior, buttocks, hind legs (of a horse) (Or.); pi_cha_ rear (H.)(CDIAL 7990). pachva_r.a_ rear (P.); pachua_r. adj. behind, hinder (Mth.); pichwa_r.a_ hindmost (H.)(CDIAL 7994). paccha_ behind (Pali.Pkt.); pas'ca_t from behind, behind (RV.); paca-kana behind (Pas'.); pach behind (H.) (CDIAL 7999). Image: having the face turned back: pichau~r. having the face turned back (H.); pichau~r.a_ behind (H.)(CDIAL 7997). pichau~hai adv. behind, from behind (OH.)(CDIAL 7996).

6150.Land inundated by floods: pukkoli land inundated by floods (of the ebb-tide), perh. a field similar to khajjana. pukku_li or pukkolli are terms found in certain Sanskrit inscriptions from the Kannad.a-speaking area in expressions like pukkoli-ks.etra or pukkoli-khajjana. khajjana, khajjana, khajja_na, khajjan.aka is the same as Mara_t.hi_ kha_jan.. It is a Sanskritized des'i_ word meaning 'the area (near the sea-shore), on which a thin layer of sand accumulates after the ebb-tide coming through inlets' and 'a rice field created out of such an area near a hillock by erecting embankments on the three other sides', or 'a field created by reclamation of the river-bed' (Epigraphica Indica, Vol. XXIII, pp. 53-4; loc. cit. D.C.Sircar, Indian Epigraphy, p. 426). poykai natural spring or pond (Ci_vaka. 337); tank (Patir-r-up. 27); pukkai spring-pond (Ta.); bugga (Te.); bugge (Ka.)(Ta.lex.)

6151.Image: anus: pukku, pukul.i the female organ of generation (Ka.); pu_ku, poke (Te.); pucci, pocce, ponal, por-a, por-u (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) bukni the anus (Santali.lex.) Image: female organ of generation: pukal.i, pukul.i, pukku, mukal.i, mukul.i, mukl.i female organ of generation, anus (Ka.); pu_ku id. (Ka.Te.Kond.a); pukul.i anus (Tu.)(DEDR 4236). poko rectum (Ku.); pokar. anus (A.)(CDIAL 8392). Image: female organ: mukal.i, pukal.i, mukul.i, mukl.i the female organ of generation (Ka.lex.)

6152.Images: navel; umbilical cord; a depression: pokkul., po_kil navel; pokkan.i a large open navel (Ta.); pokkil., pokkul. navel (Ma.); puku. id. (Ko.); piku. id. (To.); pokkur.., porkur.. id. (Ka.); pokki id. (Kod..); puval.u, pu_vol.u id. (Tu.); hodkul.u id. (Bel.); hokru id. (Kor.); pokkili id.; a depression (Te.); bogur navel (Kol.Nk.); pu_n.el id. (Pe.Mand..); pu_r.enji, pu_nenji id. (Kui); pu_leri, pu_leni, pu_len.i id. (Kuwi); pu_t id., umbilical cord (Br.)(DEDR 4460). buka the navel; buka seresere ulcerated navel (Santali.lex.) Image: child at birth: pokali adj. of a child, fully developed at its birth (Mu.Sadani) (Mu.lex.) paya_ya born (Pkt.); paya_ya_ who has borne a child (Pkt.); pra_ye behun to crouch in labour; pya_v act of giving birth; pya_y woman who has borne a child; pya_ye pp. of pasun (K.); praja_ta born (RV.); praja_ta_ woman who has borne a child (Mn.)(CDIAL 8509). praja_yate_ is born (RV.); bears, begets (MBh.); paja_yati is born (Pali); paya_i gives birth (Pkt.); pa_iba (A.); pa_iba_ (Or.)(CDIAL 8510). prajanayati causes to propagate (RV.); causes to be reproduced (S'Br.); pi_nawun (a midwife) to deliver a woman (K.)(CDIAL 8507). prajana begetting, bearing (Mn.); pi_n childbirth; dupi_^u a woman who has had two children (K.)(CDIAL 8506).

6153.Betel-vine cultivators: mukkantan- title of a sect of shepherds and of betel-vine cultivators (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) mu_lava_pa planter of edible roots (Mn.); mura_u_ greengrocer (Aw.)(CDIAL 10253).

6154.Blossom of Artocarpus: mutal. bud (Ta. lex.); mutal blossom or catkin of Artocarpus, considered as the first fruit (mi_ttu) and superstitiously plucked off (Ma.); beginning (Ma.Ta.); mo0il valuable thing (To.); modal beginning, extremity or tip (Ka.); mudeli origin (Tu.); modalu beginning, origin (Te.); modol beginning (Go.); the first (Kond.a)(DEDR 4950). mudgara bud (Skt.); moggara (Pkt.)(CDIAL 10199; DEDR 5113). Origin: mu_laka arising from (MBh.); s'ar-mu_w source of the river, Sarju (Ku.); mul.hu~ from the beginning (Or.); mu_l. origin (G.); cause (M.); mu_l.i_ tender root (G.); mula beginning, cause (Si.)(CDIAL 10250). mud.d.h, mun.d.h beginning, root (L.); beginning (P.)(CDIAL 10247). Artocarpus heterophyllus: "...The bark is sometimes made into rope and cloth. The wood is used locally to a limited extent as a yellow dye." (Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, p.229). Image: bud: mot.t.u tender flower-bud; rounded top of a car (Ta.); flower-bud, nipple, bud-like, the blunt end, pommel (Ma.); mit.t.e tender bud, flower-bud (Kor.); mod.o bud (Go.); id., flower-bud (Kui); mod. flower-bud (Ga.Kui); sprout (M.)(DEDR 5113).

6155.Deceit: pokkam lie, falsehood, deceit, fault; poccam, poccu lie, falsehood; fault, defect; poccai fault; pocca_ppu badness, evil, wickedness, fault (Ta.); pokkar low people (Ma.); bon:ku to lie (Ka.); bon:kuni to deny (Tu.); poccemu deceit, trick, defect, fault; bon:ku to lie; a lie; false, untrue; bon:kincu to deceive, tempt; cause to tell a lie; bon:kari a liar; bon:kula~_d.u id.; fem. bon:kula~_d.i (Te.); bo_kinai to pretend; po_k- (-h-) to tell lies (Kuwi); phukka_ = mithya_ (Pkt.)(DEDR 4459). poy (-pp-, -tt-) to lie, utter falsehood, make false pretences, deceive, cheat, prove false; lie, falsehood, sham, that which is artificial; poykka falsely; poyppu falsification, deception; poymmai falsehood, illusion, that which is artificial or counterfied; poyyan- a liar (Ta.); poy a lie, illusion, cheat (Ma.); a lie (Ko.); pi.k- (pi.ky-) to lie; pi.kit.e.r a lie (To.); pusi to become or prove untrue, lie; bear no fruit, not to attain ripeness; falsehood, lie, hypocricy, idle prattle, bearing no fruit; pusiga liar (Ka.); hus'i a lie, falsehood (Tu.); busa_na_ to lie (Go.); pu_sa_ lie; pu_sa_-ka_t.anji liar (Kui); pussowi, pu_so_vi cheating, pretending (Kuwi); pasyare liar; pasyetre to tell lies; paslaha liar; false; pasadeye to accuse falsely (Malt.); apu_i-/apu_ya-, in: apu_ivayan.a-, apu_yavayan.a- whose words are not false; aphusia free from error (Pkt.)(DEDR 4531). Cheat: phakkika_ proposition (Nais..); (in logic) statement to be refuted, sophism, fraud (Skt.); phakkati propounds a statement to be refuted (Dha_tup.); acts wrongly (Skt.); phakun to state one's poverty as inability to give (K.)[cf. phakar. penniless, beggar (Ku.); phakkar. rascal (N.); libertine (G.)(CDIAL 9037); phakkn.a_ to squander (P.)(CDIAL 9036)]; phakir.i_ altercation (S.); phakkar., phakkar.i_ abuse (P.); pha_ku_n.o~_ to dispute (WPah.); phaka_unu to flatter, seduce (N.); pha_kat.i deception (A.); phaka_ to be disappointed (B.); phakkar. hoaxer (B.); phakar.i fraud (Or.); phakkar. abuse (H.); pha~_kr.a_ vain boaster (H.P.); pha~_ko pretention; phavu~ to be misled (G.); pha_kad. flashy (M.); phakkiya_ passage in a text hard to interpret (Pkt.); fa_ki_ complaint (WPah.); pha_ki deception, trick (A.); pha~_ki (B.Or.); pha~_ki_ objection (in logic), trick, fraud (H.); proposition, sentence (M.)(CDIAL 9035). bin:ku crookedness, dishonesty, guile (Ka.); pik(i)la_t.a cheating (Tu.)[cf. pittala_t.t.am deception, fraud (Ta.)(DEDR 4166)]; pikku to cheat; deceit, trick (Te.)(DEDR 4130).

6156.Ruin; theft; deceit: mo_s.a theft (Mn.); mo_sa stealing (Pkt.); khos-mos (N.)(CDIAL 10358). mo_s.ati steals (RV.); mo_san.a stealing (Pkt.); mohan. to cheat (L.); mohna_ to steal (P.); mosnu (N.); mohiba to take by fraud (A.); mosna_ to steal (H.)(CDIAL 10359). mu_s.an.a stealing (Skt.); mu_san pilfering (H.)(CDIAL 10259). mu_s.ati steals (Dha_tup.); mi_sai steals (Pkt.); mu_sna_ (H.); musna_ to be stolen (H.)(CDIAL 10259). mus. in cmpds. 'stealing' (MBh.); theft (Skt.); mus.ivan thief (RV.); mus.a_r., mus.a_r.a thief (Gaw.)(CDIAL 10216). mus.ati steals (MBh.); musati beguiles (Pali); musai steals (Pkt.); mus. (Pas'.); muhun to defraud (K.); muhan.u, mu_han.u to steal, rob (S.); musn.o (Ku.); musa_via caused to be stolen (Pkt.); muha_un.a_ to be plundered (P.); muskiba_ to deceive (Or.); musakn.e~ to scorn (M.)(CDIAL 10217). mus.t.a stolen (Skt.); mut.t.ha robbed (Pkt.); mot.h^u change of fortune (usu. from good to bad)(K.); mut.ho ruined (pp. of musan.u)(S.); mut.t.ha_ pp. of mussan., mut.t.han. to cheat (L.); mut.t.hn.a_ to cheat, rob (P.); mu_t.hna_ to be destroyed, not to remain (H.)(CDIAL 10220). mus.yate_ is robbed (MBh.); musun to steal (K.); musan.u to be ruined (pp. mut.ho)(S.); mussan. to be ruined, be unlucky (pp. mut.t.ha_), musna_ to be spoilt, rot (L.); to steal (P.); to be stolen (H.)(CDIAL 10222). muci to perish (Ta.); mucippu destruction (Ta.); musincu to be spoiled, fail (Te.)(DEDR 4903). makin.o to be rotten (Ku.); mak(k)inu, mak(k)a_unu to decay, rot away; makmaka_unu to ache, pain (N.); mr.kta hurt (RV.)(CDIAL 10263). cf. mu_cat.ai rancidity, anything unclean (Ta.)(DEDR 5029). Vain; pretence; deceit: mo_sa_ falsely (Pkt.); mo_sa deceit (Pkt.); mr.s.a_ vain (RV.); falsely (AV.); mis.a false appearance (Skt.); musa_ falsely (Pali); musa_-va_da falsehood (As'.); mus.a, mus.aya falsely (NiDoc.); musa_ falsely (Pkt.); misa, miha deceit (Pkt.); mis.a_ to deceive (Ash.Kt.); mis.i to play (Kt.); mus. to cheat, play (Wg.); mi_hu pretence (S.); mi_ha_inu to deceive (S.); misa pretence (OMth.); mis (H.); misa pretext (OG.); mas fraud, trick (G.); ase-mase adv. with false but plausible reasons (G.); mi_s pretext (M.); musa mistake, deception (Si.)(CDIAL 10298). mo_campo_tal to be deceived; to fall into danger; to go wrong, be mistaken; mo_cam treachery, deceit, fraud; danger, risk, detriment; mistake; mo_ca-na_cam cheating and damaging; mo_cat.i fraud (Ta.lex.)

6157.Image: fountain: ojjara, vajjarakke a spring, a fountain (Ka.); uja, uje (Tu.); uggel a well (Tu.); osar, osaru to ooze, to trickle, to flow gently; osargal the oozing-stone: a kind of crystal; osaru ni_ru oozing or trickling water (Ka.lex.) cf. o_gha, o_ga a stream, a current, a course of water (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.)

6158.Weight: ojana, vajanu gravity, heaviness, weight; a weight; weight, dignity, influence (Ma.); bo_ja, bo_ja_, vajana (H.); ojanu (Tu.); ojje, vajja, vajje, vajanu, vaje a weight, load, burden (Ka.); o_jhem. (M.)(Ka.lex.) vajani of weight, not of capacity (Ka.M.H.)(Ka.lex.)

6159.Influential man: vajanuda_ra weighty, influential, an influential man (Ka.M.H.) (Ka.lex.) vaji_ra a vizier, a prime minister (Ka.M.H.)(Ka.lex.) cf. vajra a kind of very tenacious mortar or hard cement; a strong glue (used by carpenters) (Ka.Te.Ta.); an impetuous or overawing man; vajras'un.t.a an extremely stupid and illiterate man (Ka.); vajra-ga_re a hard or durable plaster (Ka.lex.) o_ja_yila man of propriety (Ka.lex.)

6160.Ornaments; instrument; bright: o_ja ha_rku ornaments; o_jali turh'nai to rig; o_japee that I may look nice (Kuwi); o_spa (o_st-) to be bright, shine, glitter, give light; o_steri light (Kui); ojjam'ni po_da a pretty girl; o_ja, o_jagatti, o_ji beautiful; o_ju beauty; o_jitasi a handsome man (Kuwi)(DEDR 1037). cf. harku thing, instrument, furniture, jewels (Kuwi)(DEDR 2353).

6161.Priest; goldsmith; blacksmith; artificer; sacrifice: va_ja an artificer; o_ja a teacher, a guru (Ka.); ojja, o_ju (Te.); o_jeva_d.u a priestling; a sacrificer to the village goddess (Te.); o_cca a ma_ra_n s'u_dra who beats the drums in temples (Ma.); o_ccan- a sacrificer to the goddess Pit.a_ri (Ta.); o_ja an artificer: a carpenter, a blacksmith, a goldsmith (Ka.); o_ju a goldsmith (Te.); o_van- an artificer; kamma_l.an- (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) cf. u_r..iga work, business; service (Ka.); u_d.iga (Te.); u_r..iyam (Ta.Ma.); oy to perform (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) ur..iga a brid of omen (Ka.); ur..i circumstances; ur..i ka_n.u to inquire from the astronomer; od.i sorcery; to use witchcraft (Ma.); valanu an omen (Te.)(Ka.lex.) Image: subjugation: vayam < vas'a state of subjugation (Te_va_. 1133, 2); power, might (Na_mati_pa. 793); victory, conquest (Paripa_. 15,59); vayattan- one brought to state of subjection (Ta.lex.) vayappat.u to be brought under another's influence (Par..amo. 110)(Ta.lex.) Strength; effort: vaya strength, power; increase, abundance (Ta.); vayam power, might; victory, conquest; vayavan- strong man, valiant man; vayavu strength (Ta.); vayam strength (Ma.); baymbe.. hero (Kod..)(DEDR 5254). vya_ya_ma dragging different ways, contest (AV.); exertion (MBh.); effort, exertion (Pali); a partic. measure of length (Skt.); va_ya_ma effort, exertion (Pali.Pkt.); vayam-a exertion, practice; va_yam-a labour (Si.); ba_ya~_ width (P.)(CDIAL 12209). va_ji strong, powerful, impetuous, swift; an enemy; va_ja strength, vigour, energy (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) va_jape_ya name of a particular sacrifice (Skt.Ka.); va_ji-me_dha a horse-sacrifice (Ka.); va_ja a mantra or prayer concluding a sacrifice (Ka.); boiled rice, food in general, vegetable food (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) va_ja strength, vigour (RV.); wez alive, healthy (Pr.)(CDIAL 11476). o_ja_ nutritive element in food (Pali); o_jas strength, vigour, vitality (RV.); o_ya, o_ya_ strength, fame, glory (Pkt.); oja- (KharI.); oya- (NiDoc.); oda strength (Si.)(CDIAL 2541). o_jman vigour, speed, power (Skt.); oju force, rapidity, height, arrogance (S.); oj strength, vigour, splendour, light (H.); oj life, vitality (M.); ojjalla strong (Pkt.); ojho powerful; awe (G.)(CDIAL 2543). u_rjas vigour, strength (Skt.); u_rj, u_rja_ adj. (RV.); ujja strength, brightness (Pkt.); uj energy (Ku.); u_j uproar, tyranny (H.); oj life, vitality (M.); oda nectar (Si.)(CDIAL 2422). niro_ja tasteless, insipid (Pali); niroda lacking vitality or power (Si.)(CDIAL 7289). o_can- preceptor, teacher; cf. ojas (Skt.); o_ja (Ka.); o_ccan (M.); o_ccan- male belonging to a caste, members of which usually officiate as priests in temples sacred to Pit.a_ri and other village goddesses; uvaccan- member of a caste of temple drummers and pu_ja_ris of Ka_l.i (Nan-. 144, Mayilai); member of an ancient tribe of Arabs (Cu_t.a_.); o_ccan--katti large billhook for beheading animals in sacrifices; o_cunan- male of the parava caste (Cilap. 5,27); oilmonger (Cilap. 5,27,Urai); sailor (Cilap. 5,27,Arum.)(Ta.lex.)

6162.Image: spear: barca the iron part of a spear (Mu.); cf. barcha_ (Oraon.); barca (Sadani.); barci (M.); barca the spear-head when the shaft is of wood, and the whole spear, when the shaft and point are one single piece of iron, in which case the cmpd. mer.edbarca is used (cf. Pl. IV.A.)(Mu.lex.)

6163.Public revenue: mahasu_lu public revenue (Ka.M.H.); private income from land (Ka.); mahasu_lu-da_ra a collector or receiver of taxes (Ka.H.)(Ka.lex.) vasu_lu revenue, rent (Ka.M.H.); collections, collection (Ka.Te.); vasu_luba_ki balance due of the revenue, of grain, of money etc.); vasu_luma_d.u to collect as revenue etc. (Ka.lex.)

6164.Pregnancy: basar-osage a festivity held at the first pregnancy of a woman or at the first si_manto_nnaya; basir-, basar-, basur-, basru the belly, the abdomen (Ka.); vayir-u (Ta.); vayar-u (Ma.); basur- the belly; the womb; pregnancy; the embryo; the inside, the hold of a ship; basur-u nil pregnancy to take place; basur-i a pregnant woman; besal, besana, besale birth, production, bringing forth; besala_gu to bear, to bring forth, as children; to be delivered (Ka.lex.) bar jivi pregnant (Santali.lex.) pori a ceremony performed on the occasion of the first pregnancy of a lady (Tu.lex.) cf. vaya_-nat.ukkam morning sickness and morbid longings of a pregnant woman; vayavu-no_y id. (Kalit. 29); vaya_-no_y id. (Ain:kur-u. 51); vayavu id. (Pur-ana_. 20)(Ta.); bayake (Ka.); vaya_ (Tol. Col. 371) vaya_ great desire (Tirukko_. 383, Urai.); basiru (OKa.) (Ta.lex.) a_sa_ desire (P.lex.) pa~_kyu~ wished for, expected, resolved on (G.)(CDIAL 8434). bayake desire, especially a longing occasioned by pregnancy; bayakate madime a ceremony observed usually in the sixth month of pregnancy (Tu.lex.) ?cf. vyasana passion, evil passion, vice (Mn.)(CDIAL 12180).

6165.Image: foetus: vaya_ foetus; womb; pains of child-birth; pain; vaya_-v-uyirttal to yearn; to give birth; to be relieved of pain (Ta.lex.) Desire: vayam desire (Tirukko_. 383); bayake (OK.); vayavu morning sickness and morbid longings of a pregnant woman (Pur-ana_. 20); vaya_-nat.ukkam id.; vaya_-k-ko_t.t.i id.; vaya_-no_y id. (Ain:kur-u. 51); vaya_-p-pan.t.am eatables longed for by women during pregnancy; vayavu desire, love, affection (Paripa_. 11,67); vaya_vutal to desire (Malaipat.u. 476); vaya_ great desire (Tirukko_. 383, Urai.); langour or lassitude during pregnancy; vayavu strength (Patir-r-up. 36,2); valapu (Te.)(Ta.lex.) ma_ya_ supernatural power, skill (RV.); illusion (S'Br.); fraud, compassion (Skt.); illusion, trick, fraud (Pali.Pkt.); sexual love (N.); ma_a illusion (OB.); ma_v fraud, sorcery (M.); ma_ deceit, illusion, jugglery (Si.); ma_y love, affection (K.)(CDIAL 10060). ma_yin artful, deceptive (RV.); ma_yika juggler (Skt.); ma_yi, ma_ia deceiving, juggling (Pkt.); ma_yum. goyum. crooked (OG.)(CDIAL 10061). maya (-pp-, -nt-) to mistake, misunderstand; mayakku to bewilder, confuse, puzzle, mystify, fascinate, allure, charm, mix up, unite, ruin, destroy, disturb, unsettle, make one swoon; (also mayakkam) mental delusion, stupor, bewilderment, aberration of mind as from ignorance, fascination, etc., spiritual ignorance, mistaken knowledge, misunderstanding, giddiness, unconsciousness, coma, confusion, mixture, laziness; mayakkat.i bewilderment, intoxication; mayan:ku to be confused, bewildered, be charmed, allured, be intoxicated, be changed in one's mind or body, be ruined, desolated, be distressed, be disturbed, tossed about (as the sea), be in doubt, be overwhelmed with anxiety, be mixed up, resemble, be crowded together, be engaged in a fight, lose one's senses, be in a state of disorder or confusion, become unconscious; mayar (-v-, -nt-) to be bewildered, confused, lose consciousness, be fatigued, tired, wonder; bewilderment; mayarvu illusion of the senses, confusion, bewilderment, ignorance, weariness; mayari person whose mind is confused, bewildered person, lascivious person, ignorant person; mayal confusion, bewilderment, delusion, madness, desire, lust, sensual infatuation, doubt, fear, dread; mayar-kai confusion, bewilderment, delusion; maiyal infatuation of love, madness, overwhelming pride, must of elephant; maiyalavar persons of deranged minds; maiyala_r id., magicians; maiya_ (-pp-, -tt-) to be perplexed; maintu infatuation of love, madness, must of elephant, ignorance; macakku to charm, bewitch, confuse, perplex; macakkam dullness, indolence, swoon, unconsciousness, morbid longings of a pregnant woman; macakkai morbid longings of a pregnant woman; macan:ku to become confused, doubtful; macan:kal confusion, perplexity (Ta.); mayan.n.uka to be drowsy, giddy, be perplexed, delude, fascinate; mayal infatuation, charm of love; mayyal perturbation, grief (Ma.); mo.s't- to be in rut; mint passion, heat (of female buffalo); min us't- (female) is passionate and arouses passion (To.); mayamu, maymu bewilderment, perplexity; mayme perplexed, downcast state; maccu, meccu illusion, delusion, deception, a decoy powder (Ka.); me.k- to mix thoroughly; me.ng- id. (Kod..); maikuni to entice, persuade, perplex (Tu.); maikamu intoxication, inebriation, unconsciousness, drowsiness; maida intoxication; maidu deception, deceit, delusion, intoxication; an enchanting powder; mey(i)du to be infatuated, be beside oneself, be intoxicated; mampu intoxication (Te.); ma_ya_ malt prepared for making beer, malt refuse, beer in its preparatory stage; ma_ya_, ma_ya~_n- arrack made of rice (Kur.); meca an intoxicating beverage prepared of corn (Malt.)(DEDR 4706). bayake, bay(i)ke, bavake longing, wish, desire, hope; desired object; bagasu, bayasu, bayisu, bavasu to desire, wish, long for; bayasuvike desiring, etc.; ba_kul.i excessive desire; an inordinately desirous, covetous person (Ka.); bay- (bayp-, bayc-) (stomach) hungers (Kod..); bayakuni, bayasuni to long for, desire eagerly; bayake desire, esp. the longing occasioned by pregnancy; baga_suni to desire; baja_n.yuni to long, wish, be greedy (Tu.); va~_piri, va~_pu longing or desiring eagerly after long privation; ve_vil.l.u (pl.) longing of a pregnant woman (for particular things, with vomiting and other signs of pregnancy (Te.); wassa_na_, assa_na_ (hunger, cold, etc.) is felt, (soul, ji_wa_) desires; vas- (hunger, thirst, cold, etc.) to be felt; vah- (thirst) to be felt (Go.); bana hunger (Kond.a); va~_cu, va_cu to feel a strong desire for anything after long want or privation, long (Te.)(DEDR 5257). Desire: va_chati desires (RV.); ba_chiba_ to wish, wish for (Or.); a_m.cha likes (OG.)(CDIAL 11478). va_cha_ wish (Skt.); vam.cha_ I wish (Pkt.); wa~nc = wo~_ch partiality, curse (K.)(CDIAL 11479).

6166.Fascination: vaci fascination (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 10,3,8)(Ta.lex.) vas'i_kara subjugating (MBh.)(CDIAL 11432). vas'a will, authority, power (RV.); vasa will, power (Pali)(CDIAL 11430).

6167.Command: besana (Tadbhava of vidha_na) order, command; besanam pe_r.. = besani_; besanam sa_r to get an order; besana he_r..isi kol. to obtain permission; besani_, besani_-i_ to give an order; besambad.e, besavad.e to get an order, to obtain permission; besave_r.. to give an order, to command (Ka.lex.)

6168.Love; protection: o_ to be attached to; to love; to be fond of; to be pleased with; to be kind (Ka.); uva (Ma.Ta.); upavi love (Ma.); o_pam a beloved man; a husband; o_pal. a beloved woman; o_ an interjection of calling, of praising, or reverencing and questionableness; o_l affection, friendship (Ka.); o_limike friendship (Te.); o_vu to take care of, to guard, to protect, cherish (Ka.); o_mu (Te.); o_mbu (Ta.Ma.); o_ma favour, kindness; assistance (Ka.); o_man (Skt.) (Ka.lex.)

6169.The mystic syllable: o_m.-ka_ra the mystic syllable o_m. (Skt.Ka.); o_ma_na, o_na_ma a name of the alphabet of which formerly the letter o_ (as a salutation) was first taught to write; the name or mantra that begins with o_ i.e. o_ namah- s'iva_ya (Ka.lex.)

6170.Image; similarity: o_pu to fit, to suit; o_lupu, po_lupu to compare (Te.); o_pa_di likeness, similarity (Te.Ka.); o_l to resemble (Ka.); o_lu, po_lu to resemble (Te.)(Ka.lex.)

6171.Oblation: o_ma, ho_ma the act of making an oblation to the gods by casting clarified butter into the fire, accompanied with reciting mantras; an oblation of clarified butter, an oblation with fire, a burnt-offering; a sacrifice; o_jas vitality, power; light, splendour, lustre; o_jisu to be properly or carefully performed; o_laga service, homage (Ka.Te.Tu.); o_lakkam splendour, majesty (Ta.Ma.) (Ka.lex.)

6172.Inner apartment: o_vari (Tadbhava of upagr.ha) an inner apartment or chamber; apavaraka (Ka.Te.); o_vari_ a term for the several apartments under the arcade which is erected along the course of the enclosing wall of a temple (M.)(Ka.lex.) apavaraka an inner apartment, a lying-in chamber (Skt.Ka.); upa-gr.ha an inner apartment (Ka.lex.)

6173.Perfumed: gandha-vaha ep. of wind (Mn.); wind (MBh.); wa_gan wind (Pas'.)(CDIAL 11454). pariva_sita perfumed (all round); va_sa perfume; cf. va_ta wind [va_yu Skt. wind; Lat. ventus; Goth. winds = wind; OHG. wa_jan to blow; Old Irish feth air; Lithuanian audra storm]; cf. va_sa perfume (Classical Skt.); va_sita scented; va_sana-va_sita scented, filled, permeated; va_seti to perfume, to clean or preserve by means of perfumes, to disinfect; saso ava_sesi sake sari_re = sake sari_re attano sari_ran da_tun ava_sesi va_sa_peti ti attho, sari_ra c'assa bhakkh' attha_ya ada_si: in this passage va_seti is taken as caus. of vas to eat; thus 'he made eat, feasted, entertained by or on his own body'; kusumehi va_setva_: perfume; cf. va_sitaka scented, perfumed; va_sitika_ scented clay (Pali.lex.) va_si having or emitting perfume; va_sita, va_s'ita perfumed, scented (Ka.lex.) vahant carrying, flowing (Skt.); vaham.ta pres. part. (Pkt.); bowa~ti_ flowing (A.)(CDIAL 11457).

6174.Roll: cf. br.si_ roll of twisted grass, cushion (S'rS.)(CDIAL 9301). bhisi a bolster, a cushion, pad, roll; ci_vara-bhisi a robe rolled up; five kinds are allowed in a viha_ra, viz., un.n.a-bhisi, cola-bhisi, va_ka-bhisi, tin.u-bhisi, pan.n.a-bhisi, i.e. bolsters stuffed with wool, cotton-cloth, bark, grass, or talipot leaves; bhisika_ a small bolster; va_ta-pa_na-bhisika_ a roll to keep out draughts; bhisi a raft; ?a cushion of twisted grass (Pali.lex.)

6175.Vindhya: vicam < vijo_ (Pkt.) < vindhya the vindhya mountains (Perun.. Narava_n.a. 3,52)(Ta.lex.) bija (Tadbhava of vindhya) a forest; the Vindhya range (Ka.); vintam jungle (Ta.); bija-vet.t.u the vindhya range (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) vintiyam the range of hills separating the hindusthan from the deccan, one of as.t.a-kula-parvatam (Pin..); vintai id. (Kampara_. Akat. 39); vintam id. (Takkaya_kap. 62); mountain (Na_mati_pa. 513); vintam-at.t.o_n- Agastya, as one who subdued the vindhyas (Na_mati_pa. 121); vintan- shepherd (prob. go_vinda)(Na_mati_pa. 158)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

6176.Scorpion: vr.scika scorpion (RV.); vr.s'cana id. (Skt.); vicchika scorpion (Pali); vicchia, vim.chia (Pkt.); bich (Sh.); bichi_ (Ku.); bisa_ (also a hairy caterpillar covered with bristles)(A.); bicha_ scorpion (B.Or.); bi_ch (Mth.); bi_chi_ (Bhoj.Aw.H.); bi_cha_ (H.); vi_chi_, vi~chi_ (G.); ucum (Pas'.); vichu~_ (S.); vat.hu~ha~, vat.t.hu~ha (L.); vicchua, vim.chua (Pkt.); vichu_, vicchu_ (L.); bicchu_ (P.); bichu (Or.); bi_chu (Mth.); bicchu_, bi_chu_ (H.); vi_chu (G.); viccu, viccua, vim.cua (Pkt.); byuc^u (K.); biccu_ (P.); biccu_, biccot.u_ young scorpion (WPah.);[ For -ot.- cf. pot.t.i scorpion (Te.); pot.t.e scorpion (Ga.)(DEDR 4488)]; vi~cd.a_ large scorpion (M.); viccu, vim.cu, im.cu (Konkan.i); bacchiu~ large hornet (N.); vi_cu~, vi_cu_, vi~cvi_, vi~cvi_n., vi~ci_n. scorpion (M.)(CDIAL 12081). cf. itsu, itsa_, vitsu scorpion (Kon.lex.) [For semant. vr.cika caterpillar covered with bristles (Skt.)(CDIAL 12081) cf.: wi_si_, vi_s, vi_si fly (Go.); vi_sla/vi_zla, vi_nza id. (Kond.a); vi_za id. (Pe.); vi_je id. (Mand..); visa, viha fly, winged insect (Kui); vi_ha, vi_ha_, wiha fly (Kuwi); viha fly, insect (Kuwi)(DEDR 5451)]. viruccikam < vr.s'cika scorpion (Tiva_.); scorpio of the zodiac (Tiva_.); the eighth solar month (Tan.ikaippu. Intira. 18)(Ta.lex.) Image: crab: viruccikam crab (Ilak. Aka.)(Ta.lex.)

6177.Paddy or millet for immediate consumption: besa the market price of paddy and rice (Mu.Sadani); besa the paddy, rice or millet bought for immediate or early (within 2-3 weeks) consumption, instead of benesa which is not used (Mu.lex.)

6178.Image: to strike with a whip: bese a swinge, stroke with a whip, etc.; a blow, bow for dressing cotton (Tu.)(DEDR 5450). bese, bisu a swinge: a stroke with a whip etc., a blow; a bow for dressing cotton (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) To spread, to throw: ve_k (-h-) to announce, publish; ve_ng (-it-) to become spread; we_nginai to spread, outspread; we_kh'nai to unravel (Kuwi); ve_nga to be spread out, stretched out or up, opened out, open out; ve_pka to stretch forth, stretch up, spread out, open out (Kui); ve_y (-v-, -nt-) to blossom, open; ve_yul. blossoming (?Ta.)(DEDR 5519). negad.u to be published, be well-known or famous (Te.); nikar.. to shine (Ta.)(DEDR 3659).

6179.Image: cry; t tell, describe; announce: veh- to tell, describe; vehkanur, vehva_l, vehka-bital a teller; vehc- to state, reply; ve'- to say; vesori_, weser.i_, we_so_r.i_, we_se_ri_ story; vesu_d.i punda_na_ to guess a riddle; ve_su_ri_ story; veha_na_, veh- to tell; wehta_na_ to explain, show, announce (Go.); veR- (-t-) to speak, tell; caus. veRis- to cause somebody to tell (Kond.a); vec- (vecc-) to speak (Pe.); veh- (-t-) to tell, say (Mand..); vespa- (vest-) to say, speak, tell; n. saying, speech, word (Kui); vessali (vest-) to tell; weh'nai to speak, say, tell; veh- (vest-) to say, tell; vespu speech (Kuwi); ba'ana_ (ba_cas) to say, command, invite, allow, name, call, salute as, by the name or title of, pretend, express as one's own view or idea, say to oneself, imagine, reflect, intend, cry (of animals), sound so-and-so; ba_rna_ to be called, termed, have a title (Kur.); bce to relate, tell (Malt.)(DEDR 5514).

6180.To pull out; redeem; unpack: ve_sa to take out; bring out into the open, extract, expose, redeem (Kui); ve_ska pl. action (Kui); ve_nj (ve_nc-) to take out (Mand..); vecc (-it-) to take out, take off (Kuwi); we_cinai to unpack; ve_c (-it-) to pull up, pull out, take out (Kuwi)(DEDR 5523). ve_ma_ nom. sing. of ve_man; cf. ve_mam < ve_ma loom; ve_mamutala ta_mini takar-r-a *(Ja_n-a_. 15)(Ta.lex.) ba_ha_n.a spreading of nets in deep water (Or.); ba_ha_n.ia~_ man who spreads a net (Or.)(CDIAL 12200). Use (a tool): wa_yun to use (a tool)(K.); ba_n.o~_ to plough (WPah.)(CDIAL 11612). bahiba_, bohiba_, buhiba_ to carry, wear; to flow, blow (Or.); bahab to carry, work (a plough); to flow, blow (Mth.); vahati carries, bears along (of rivers), is carried along (RV.)(CDIAL 11453). bhon.u_ to move, blow (WPah.); bahanu to flow, run, glide, blow (N.); bahan.o to wander (Ku.); biba to carry, serve; to flow, blow (A.); baha_, baoya_ to carry, row, steer; to flow (B.); bahiba_, bohiba_, buhiba_ to carry, wear; to flow, blow (Or.); har bahab to plough (Bi.); bahab to carry, work (a plough); to flow, blow (Mth.); bahai flows, blows (OAw.); bahna_ (H.); bahai flows, moves (OMarw.); vahevu~ to flow (G.); va_hn.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 11453). To throw a net: ba_hn.a_ to throw (a net)(WPah.); ba_hiba_ to spread (a net)(Or.); wa_ to throw, put, place, shoot (an arrow)(Dardic)(CDIAL 12201). pheka to throw (B.); phekab (Mth.); phe~knu, phya~_knu (N.); phe~kna_ (H.); phe~kvu~ (G.); phe~kn.e~, phekn.e~ (M.); phen:giba_ (Or.)(CDIAL 9106). vya_dhayati causes to pierce (AitA_r.); ba_na to throw (D..); wa(h), wa~_ to throw, put, place, shoot (an arrow)(Pas'.); wa_yun to wave (the arms)(K.); ba~_han.u_ to strike (a ball)(WPah.); va_hvu~, va_vu~ to raise (a weapon)(G.); ba_hn.a_ (P.); baihn.u~ (WPah.); boyik to drive in (peg); baihn.u_ to sow (WPah.)(CDIAL 12201). vaicu to cast, fling, throw (Te.); v(r)e_yu id., discharge, cut off as with a knife or any heavy weapon (Te.); v(r)e~_ta casting, throwing, striking, knocking, stroke, knock, blow (Te.); vayk to throw (Nk.); bese to strike with a whip (Ka.); be.ng (be.ngi-) to cut (plantain trunks at wedding, as test of skill with weapon (?Kod..); ve_pa act of striking, beating (Kui)(DEDR 5555).

6181.Image: to give birth: besal_gu to bear, to bring forth, as children; to be delivered (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) besale, besal, besana birth, production, bringing forth; besal a_gu to bear, bring forth; vesale pregnant (Ka.); vang- to give birth to (Ga.); wahta_na_ to give birth to (not of humans)(Go.); va_ha_na_, va_ta_na_ to bear (of animals)(Go.); bijiluni, bijeluni to bear, bring forth (as a child)(Tu.); va_y to sow; to sow with drill (Kol.); to sow (Nk.)(DEDR 5549). va_t.a_na_ to give birth to, to throw (Go.); wa_tina_ to give birth to (Go.); va_t.u throwing, casting, flinging, a blow, stroke (Te.); va_t.a_na_, wa_t.a_na_ to put; va_t.- to throw; va_t.a_na_ to throw, throw away, put (Go.)(DEDR 5346). van.n.a a woman recently delivered (Ma.); ba_n.at(i), ba_n.anti id., woman just brought to bed, lying-in woman (Ka.); ba_n.anti id. (Tu.); ba_linta, ba_lintabo_l.amu, ba_lenta id. (Te.); ba_l.a~t, ba_l.a_ti_n. id (M.)(DEDR 5347). Image: placenta: ma_n:ku the sticky coating over the body of a newborn baby (Ta.); ma_vi afterbirth (Ka.Te.); ma_yi placenta (Ga.); ma_vu, ma_cu, ma_ afterbirth (Ma.); ma.c id. (Ko.); ma_su id., placenta; the exterior membrane which invests the foetus, chorion (Ka.); ma_se afterbirth (Tu.); ma_cu, ma_ afterbirth, secundines (Ta.)(DEDR 4783).

6182.To produce a wale (ridge or rib in a knitted fabric: ba_sur..i, ba_sur..e, ba_sun.d.e, ba_sar..ike a wale (Ka.); ba_, ba_yu to swell, tumefy (Ka.); va_yppu fertility (Ta.); ba_sur..isu to produce a wale or wales (Ka.); basu_la wale, stripe (Tu.){Wale is a ridge or rib in a knitted or woven fabric; wales may run crosswise, lengthwise, or diagonally.}(DEDR 5350).

6183.Calving: bya~_t, bet calving (Ku.); vetar birth, bringing forth, brood (G.); vet littering, litter, brood (M.); ja_tri_ mother (AV.)(CDIAL 11700). bya_n.o (human or animal) gives birth (Ku.); biya_unu (of animals: only contemptuously of women) (N.); vija_yate_ is born (RV.); bears young (AV.); vija_yati gives birth (Pali); via_ai (Pkt.); via_van. to give birth (esp. of animals)(L.); biya_na (B.); bia_iba_ (Or.); beiba_ (Or.); biya_na_, bya_na_ (human and animal) to give birth (H.); via_vu~ (G.); vin.e~ (M.); vadanava_ (S.); biya_n, bya_n parturition (H.); vija_yana (Pali); bia_n.a (Or.)(CDIAL 11701). bian, biyan, ben to give birth (Gypsy); vijanana birth (Skt.)(CDIAL 11695). vijanya_ pregnant woman (Pa_rGr..); ben birth (Gypsy); child-birth (B.); biyan child-birth (A.); vi_n. littering, brood, litter (M.); vadana birth (Si.)(CDIAL 11696). viamu birth (S.); vijanman birth (Skt.)(CDIAL 11697). vija_ta born (MBh.); vija_ta_ one who has borne (Pali); via_u infant (S.)(CDIAL 11699). ba~_ki_ barren (of women)(MTh.)(CDIAL 11192). bajhwat. stalk without ear (H.)(CDIAL 11276). ve_hat barren cow or cow that miscarries (AV.); ve_hati miscarries (Skt.); ve_ha_yate_ (Pa_n..gan.a); bahilo, bail(h)o barren (esp. of goats and cows)(N.); bahila_, bahla_, baila_ barren (usu. of cattle)(H.)(CDIAL 12136).

6184.Production: besal, besale, besana birth, production; besal a_gu to bear, bring forth (Ka.); vaiyakam, vaiyam, vayam earth, world (Ta.); veppu treasure; Alluvial ground: vaikkam what is laid down, alluvial ground, deposit; vayyam, vaiyakam earth (Ma.); bijiluni, bijeluni to bear, bring forth as a child (Tu.); va_y to sow with drill (Kol.)(DEDR 5549). pa_ya, paya coming into existence, being delivered of a child (as among pariahs)(Tu.)(DEDR 3937). praja_ta born (RV.); woman who has borne a child (Mn.); paya_ya born (Pkt.); paya_ya_ who has borne a child (Pkt.); praye behun to crouch in labour (K.); pya_v act of giving birth (K.);; pya_y woman who has borne a child (K.)(CDIAL 8509). pi_n childbirth (K.); prajana begetting, bearing (Mn.MBh.); dupi_^u a woman who has had two children (K.)(CDIAL 8506). prajanayati causes to be reproduced (S'Br.); pi_nawun (a midwife) to deliver a woman (K.)(CDIAL 8507). praja_yate_ is born (RV.); bears, begets (MBh.); paja_yati is born (Pali); paya_i gives birth (Pkt.); pa_iba (A.); pa_iba_ (Or.)(CDIAL 8510). nas'yat-prasu_ti woman who has had a still-birth (Skt.)(CDIAL 7084). prasavati bears, begets (MBh.); pasavati produces (Pali); Granted: pras-avita, pras-avitaga granted (NiDoc.); pasavai produces, pp. pasavia (Pkt.); prasavvu~ to bear (G.); pasa_unu to sprout, (flower or fruit) just to show (N.); pasave_ti brings forth, produces (Pali); prasawun to cause a child to be born, to make a woman give birth (by medical means)(K.); pasavin.e~ to bear, to foal (of mares and asses)(M.); prasavati, pasavati is produced (As'.); pasavn.e~, posavn.e~, poen.e~ (corn) to shoot into ear (M.)(CDIAL 8828). prasawun^u man who is always begetting children, prasavun^u woman always bearing children (K.); prasavana bearing of children (Skt.) (CDIAL 8829). prasu_ bearing (Skt.); prasu_ta_ woman recently delivered (AV.); pasu_ta_ (Pali); pasu_a_ having given birth (Pkt.); prasu_tika_ recently calved cow (Ca_n..)(CDIAL 8847). prasu_na born (Skt.); prasu_ti coming forth (of flowers) (Skt.)(CDIAL 8848). prasu_yate_ begets, bears (S'Br.); is born (Mn.); pasu_ama_n.a bearing (Pkt.); prasun to bear young (K.)(CDIAL 8849). prasava procreation (VS.); pasava bringing forth, offspring (Pali.Pkt.); the giving birth (Si.)(CDIAL 8827). Image: miscarries: ve_hat barren cow or cow that miscarries (AV.); ve_hati miscarries (Skt.); ve_ha_yate_ (Pa_n.. gan.a); bahilo, bail(h)o barren (esp. of goats and cows)(N.); bahila_, bahla_, baila_ barren (usu. of cattle)(H.)(CDIAL 12136). vyabhica_ra going apart (Skt.); transgression (Mn.); vahica_ra adultery (Pkt.); vihiru, vihirau (OG.); vahero, vero deviation, destruction (G.)(CDIAL 12169). vijanana bearing young, bringing forth (Ka.lex.) Image: a woman in labour: va_hayati makes labour (Skt.); prava_hate_ bears down (of a woman in labour)(Sus'r.); va_hate_ bears down (Car.); makes an effort (Dha_tup.); va_han.u to cause to labour (S.)(CDIAL 11609). biha~r., bian birth; bedan, bijhauk to travail in birth (Santali.lex.)

6185.Young: vicir toled, vicir guriyal youngest brother (Pa.); visral young (brother etc.); visral marr youngest son; visro younger (Go.); vi_za vi_skor.a the last-born male child (Kond.a); vi_skur.a youngest child (Pe.)(DEDR 5385). For semant. vi_za 'of all' cf.: vi_zu all; vizer all men, all people (Kond.a); vizu all; vizar all men, all people (Pe.); vija all; vijar all men, all people (Mand..)(DEDR 5387).

6186.Family lineage: vam.s'a family lineage (S'Br.); vam.sa id. (Pali.Pkt.); vas'a (KharI.); vas-a (Si.)(CDIAL 11175).

6187.Image: harrow: ba~_sai bamboo ladder used as a harrow (B.)(CDIAL 11178).

6188.Fisherman: besada, besta a fisherman (who also hires himself as a palanquin bearer)(Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

6189.Miscellaneous: ba_je miscellaneous (Ka.Te.H.); ba_je_-ba_bu a miscellaneous head in accounts (Ka.Te.H.)(Ka.lex.) ba_bu an article, an item, a point (Ka.M.H.); ba_bat an article; an item; a point of view (Ka.M.H.); paca-ba_bu five items of revenue, viz., toddy, spirituous liquor, opium, hemp, and excise (Ka.lex.)

6190.Separation: basana, besana, byasana, yesana, vesana, vyasana separating; arranging; throwing in different directions; grief, sorrow (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) vegl.o separated, different; vegl.o kar to separate (Konkan.i.lex.) ve_kkuga to separate rice from its husk (Ma.)(Ma.lex.) vyasta cut into pieces, torn asunder, divided (TS. i.7.1.4); vyasta-ke_s'i_ of dishevelled hair (AV. viii.1.19) (Vedic.lex.) Image: separation: ve_ka separation, discrimination (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) prave_ka choicest, most excellent, best, chief (Ka.); vive_ka discrimination, judgment, the faculty of distinguishing and classifying things according to their real properties; vive_ki discriminating, judicious, prudent, discreet, considerate; a discriminator etc.; vivikta separated, disjoined, detached, kept apart; separation; vive_cane, vive_cana discriminating, distinguishing; investigation (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Separate: veggala separate, distinct (Pkt.); beglo separate, different (N.); begal.a separate (Or.); begal other (Or.); vegl.u_ separate, distinct, distant (G.); vegl.a_ separate (M.); vegyo foreign (S.)(CDIAL 11826). vyakta separate; vyakti individual (Skt.); vagge_na separate, separately (Pali) (CDIAL 11826). viyukta separated (Mn.); viyutta separated (Pali); viyunakti (AV.); viutta (Pkt.); viyutu (Si.)(CDIAL 11837); viyo_ga separation (Mn.Pali); vio_(g)a (Pkt.); biyog solitary, single (Kho.); viyo_-va separation (Si.); viyev separation from the beloved (Si.)(CDIAL 11839). To separate: bilaga separate (Or. OAw.); bilag (whence bilagna_ to be separated)(H.); beleg separate (A.)(CDIAL 11880). vilaku to be separated (Ta.); vilan:ku to be separated; n. obstruction, hindrance (Ta.); vilakku separation, interdict (Ma.); vilan.n.uka to go aside, fall across, cross over, be transverse (Ma.); vilan.n.a across, athwart (Ma.); vilan.n.u what is across, fetters (Ma.); vi_lu to be separated, leave (Te.)(DEDR 5423). Image: dividing; strip: vircha dividing, rations or money in lieu (S.); lipsa_ desire to share (MBh.)(CDIAL 11904). vilucati tears off (Skt.Pali); vilum.cai (Pkt.)(CDIAL 11907). vili_ line of parting in a woman's hair (P.); vile_kha_ furrow, scratch (MBh.)(CDIAL 11908). villu-chun to be divided; to pillage, plunder (Wg.)(CDIAL 11912). vid.d.ha_ notch (L.)(CDIAL 11928). cf. vle_ka a thin strip of bamboo (Kui); le_kin pl. strips of bamboo (Pe.)(DEDR 5557).

6191.Image: broom: besakil a broom (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

6192.Rattan, reed: vaci common rattan of south India, calamus rotang (Ta.); vaci, vai bamboo, reed (Ma.); vajula c.rotang [vajula c. rotang (Pali.); vam.jula jonesia asoka, cane (Pkt.); vadula arbour (Si.)(CDIAL 11210)](DEDR 5216). ba_n. rush for rope making (WPah.)(CDIAL 11483). Reed, bamboo, cane: vam.s'a bamboo (RV.); family, lineage (S'Br.); vam.sa bamboo, pipe (Pali.Pkt.); van~jh, bajh pole (P.); ba~_s bamboo (WPah.Ku.N.B.H.Sh.); id. (P.Mth.Bhoj.Aw.); bamboo pole of litter (Bi.); ba~_h (A.); ba_u~sa (Or.); bai~s, bo~s (K.); va~_s (G.); va_so (Konkan.i); vas-a bamboo, flute (Si.); vajha_ handle (L.); ba~_sa_ bamboo pipe in a drill plough (Bi.); bamboo tube (H.)(CDIAL 11175). base~r.a_ thin bamboo (H.)(CDIAL 11176). basaila_ young bamboo (Mth.)(CDIAL 11177). ba~swa_r, ba~swa_ri_, basa_r, baser bamboo grove (Bi.); ba~swa_r.i_, baswa_r.i_, basaur (H.)(CDIAL 11179). vam.s'i_ flute, pipe (Skt.); flute (Pkt.); wanc guitar (Ash.); bi_s' flute (Tor.); be_s' (WPah.); ba~_hi (A.); ba_s'i_ (MB.); bau~si, bai~si (Or.); ba~si_ (H.); bes'ili pipe, flute (D..); va~jhli_, vajl.i_ (L.); vajhli_, bajhuli_, bajhli_, bijhli_ (P.); ba~_suli_ (Ku.); ba~_suli, ba~_suri (N.); ba~_suli_ (Mth.); va~_sl.i_ (G.)(CDIAL 11180). ba~_si_ pertaining to or made of bamboo (H.); vam.s'i_ya belonging to a family (BhP.); pertaining to bamboo = vam.s'ika (Skt.)(CDIAL 11181). vam.s'ya crossbeam (BhP.); we_ roof beam (Par.); bains' (Pas'.); we_s'a (Waz.); ba_s', ba~_s' rafter (Dm.); was' (Pas'.); wa_s' (Shum.); bas', bha~s' (Kal.); ba_u~sa (Or.); va~_sa_, va_sa_ (M.); wa_s', wra~_s' rafter (Wg.); ba~_s' (Dm.); wa^es' main roof-beam (Pas'.); bi_s' (Bshk.); be~_s' (Sv.); bhe~_s' (Phal.); bo~i (Sh.)(CDIAL 11182). vam.s'a bambusa arundinacea (Skt.); bans (B.H.); the siliceous concretion found in the joints of the female bamboo is called vam.s'a ro_cana (Skt.), and is described as sweet, cooling, tonic, aphrodisiac and useful in cough, consumption, asthma, fever etc. It enters into the composition of numerous compound prescriptions for affections of the lungs. (Sanskrit Materia Medica, p.272). Bambusa spinosa = bambusa arundo: The spiny bamboo... is most useful for building purposes and for the manufacture of furniture and household utensils. The young shoots are fairly tender and are used for food... Nadkarni reports that the silicious concretions in the culm contain 90% of silica or silicum as hydrate of silicic acid, peroxide of iron, potash, lime, alumina and vegetable matter. The leaves are used as an emmenagogue and an anthelmintic. The silicious concretion is said to be stimulant, astringent, tonic, cooling, antispasmodic and aphoridisiac, and is useful in coughs, consumption, asthma etc. (Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, pp. 90-91). Bambusa bambos = bambusa arundinacea: vansh (Skt.); bans (B.); mandgay (M.); mungil (Ta.Ma.); bongu-veduru (Te.); leaves: emmenagogue, used in haemetemesis and veterinary practice; bamboo manna: tonic, useful in fever, cough, in snake-bites etc.; habitat: wild throughout the greater part of the country (GIMP, p.33). Image: a pole: ba_se a pole viewed as fit for a rafter; a rafter (Ka.); va_sa_, va_m.sa_ (M.)(Ka.lex.) cf. vam.s'a bamboo (RV.); vajhu punting pole (S.)(CDIAL 11175). vajula name of various trees and plants including jonesia asoka and calamus rotang (MBh.); vajulaka (BhP. vajulika_ (Skt.); vajula, vajul.a a partic. tree, ratan cane (Pali); vam.jula jonesia asoka, cane (Pkt.); vadula arbour (Si.)(CDIAL 11210). vajra_sthi seed of asteracantha longifolia (Skt.); the tree (Skt.); vajra, vajras'r.n:khal(ik)a_, vajra_sthis'r.n:khala_ asteracantha longifolia; vajradruma, vajravr.ks.a name of various trees (Sus'r.); bajra~_t.h the oak quercus lamellosa (N.)(CDIAL 11203).

6194.Twenty: vicati < vim.s'ati twenty (Ja_n.a_. 8)(Ta.lex.)

6195.Token; curry: vican-am < vyajana token (Perun.. Ucaik. 34,172); curry (arici tun.ippatakkukku vican-a mut.pat.a : S.I.I. v,84)(Ta.lex.)

6196.Sweet flag: vacam, vacampu, payampu sweet flag, acorus calamus (Ta.); vayampu id.; orris root (Ma.); baji, baje, vace, vaje acorus calamus (Ka.); baje id. (Tu.); vaca, vasa id. (Te.)(DEDR 5213). vaca_ a kind of aromatic root (acorus calamus)(Skt.); vaca-, vacattha- a kind of root (Pali); vaca_-, vaya_- a kind of plant (Pkt.); way the sweet flag acorus calamus and its root (used as a stomachic and for diminishing phlegm)(K.); vada the shoe-flower hibiscus rosea sinensis; vadakaha acorus calamus, orris root (Si.)(CDIAL 11201). vaca_ acorus calamus (Car. Su. 4.3,11,12). Medicinal root: boc a medicinal root sold in the bazaars, acorus calamus (Santali.lex.) vasu a medicinal root (Skt.lex.) cf. vaca an aromatic root (Skt.)(CDIAL 11201). "Sweet flag, flagroo, calamus. This long-used plant was an article of commerce in the Near East for 4,000 years... Leaves and roots yield oil of calamus, a yellow aromatic volatile oil, used in hair powders, perfumery, and for flavouring liquers... Fresh rootstock is used as a confection or as a substitute for ginger... Orientals use the root for bronchitis and regard it as aphrodisiac... valued for rheumatism in Iran.' (James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 1985, p.14). Acorus calamus: bach (H.B.); vaj (M.); bhadra (Skt.); vashambu (Ta.); vadaja (Te.); dry rhizomes contain 1.5 - 3.5% of a yellow aromatic volatile oil; rhizome: insecticidal; throughout India and Ceylon (GIMP, p.5). Acorus calamus... calamo aromatico... some say that galanga is the calamo... Calamo aromatico... called vaz in Guzerat, bache in the Deccan, vazabu in Malabar, daringo by the Malays, heger in Persia, vaicam in the Concan, and cassab aldirira in Arabia..." (G. De Orta, p.78). Sweetflag: Synonyms: sweet root, sweet cinnamon, sweet cane, sweet or grass myrtle, calamus root, radix acori, radix calami aromatici; kalmus (Ger.); acore vrai (Fr.); Botanical origin: acorus calamus; part used: the peeled, dried rhizome; habitat: on the banks of swamps, streams or ponds of North America, Europe and Asia; uses: caminative, aromatic bitter and stimulant; flavouring agent; used in atonic dyspepsia and colic. (Heber, W. Youngken, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Philadelphia, The Blakiston Company, 1950, pp. 177-179).

6197.Tragia involucrata: vr.s'cipattri_ tragia involucrata (Skt.); bic(h)ut.i, bicha_t.i, bicha_ti the nettle tragia involucrata (B.); bichua_ti stinging nettle, tragia involucrata, fleurya interrupta, laportia cremulata (Or.); bicha_ta_, bichut.i_, bichua_ the nettle urtica interrupta (H.)(CDIAL 12082). Tragia involucrata: vrischikali (Skt.); barhanta (H.); bichati (B.); kanchkuri (M.); kannichi (Ta.); dulagundi (Te.); choriyanam (Ma.); turachi (Ka.); root: diaphoretic, alterative, given during fever when the extremities are cold; forms the basis of an external application in leprosy; fruit: rubbed over the head with a little water useful in baldness; habitat: throughout India from the Punjab and outer Himalayan ranges eastwares to Assam and southwards to Travancore (GIMP, p.246).

6198.To thresh: virc to thresh (Pa.); to thresh paddy (Ga.); vih- (vist-) to trample, thresh with feet (men)(Pe.); wissa_na_ to thresh grain with bullocks (Go.); vihpa (viht-) to separate corn from the ear by treading or threshing (Kui); vih- (vist-) to stamp, tread; vissali to mix by trampling; wihinai, wih'- to trample; vih- (vist-) to step on, tread, trample (Kuwi)(DEDR 5420). Threshing; sifting; fanning: vizun, pp. vyuz^u to sift, winnow (K.); ve_ktr. separating (Dha_tup.); vi_j, vyaj fan (Skt.); vic sift (Skt.)(CDIAL 11709). vivicyate_ is winnowed, is separated (AV.); vivicanti, vive_ks.i 2 sg. (RV.); wice_m I thresh (Ash.); bisiba to fan (A.)(CDIAL 11693). lor.ha_ bicca_ gleaning (Bi.)(CDIAL 11692a). pe_zna sieve (Psht.); peice, pe_ca sieve (Ash.); po_ca (Wg.); ps'a~ (Kt.)(CDIAL 7730). cf. parwi_z to sift (Shgh.)(CDIAL 7882). vivinakti sifts grain (AV.); vim.cia sifted (Pkt.); vai~cn.e~, vaicn.e~ to sift coarser from finer grain (M.)(CDIAL 12163). vinakti separates (Dha_tup.); vivicanti 3 pl. blow through (RV.); biciba_ to fan, scatter on the ground, spread, sow (Or.); bichiba_ to scatter, strew (Or.); ve~cn.e~, vecn.e~ to pick (up, off, out) one by one, gather, select (M.); bi_z to sift (Pers.); vejun to gather, pick up (Oss.)(CDIAL 11711). vi_cu to fan; vicir-u to fan, wave to and fro; vicir-i fan (Ta.); vi_cuka to fan; vi_cci fan; vi_yuka to fan, brandish; vi_yal (Ma.); vi_yikka to cause to fan; vi_s'uka to fan, blow; vi_s'ikka to get oneself fanned; vi_s'e_r-i, vi_s'a_la, vi_ya_la fan; vis'ari fan (Ma.); bi_su, bisu to fan; bi_sa_le fan (as the one made of areca spathe)(Ka.); bi_ja_t.a fanning, brandishing; bi_ja_d.uni, bi_ja_vuni to brandish, fan; bi_suni to fan, wave; bi_san.ige, bi_sanige fan (Tu.); vi_cu to fan (Te.); vi_vana fan, whisk; visana-kar-r-a fan (Te.); vi_vani a fan (Kond.a); Image: to lift the arm: ben-gre to lift the arm preparatory to a blow (Malt.)(DEDR 5450). vi_jana fanning (Skt.); fan (Bhpr.); vyajana fan (Mn.); vi_jana, vi_jani_ fan (Pali); vi_jan.a, vi_an.a, vi_an.i_, vian.a (Pkt.); bian, biani (Mth.); vidini-ya (Si.); vim.jan.a fan (Pkt.); viin.o, viin.i_ (S.); vi~_jn.o fan (G.); vi~jhan.-va_ra_ air stirred by a fan; vi~jhn.a_, vijhn.a_ fan (M.); bijani (B.); bi_jna_ (H.); biuni (B.); vijn.o, vijhn.o (G.); vijn.a_, vijhn.a_ (M.); beniya~_ fan for jeweller's fire (Bi.); bena_ fan (OAw.H.)(CDIAL 12043). vi_jyate_ is fanned (MBh.); vi_jiyati is fanned (Pali) vijjijjai (Pkt.); vi~jvu~, vi~jhvu~ to fan (a fire), whirl round in the air (G.); vizun, pp. vyuz^u to winnow, sift (K.)(CDIAL 12044). Övij to move suddenly; Övi_j or Ö vyaj fan (Skt.); vi_cu to fan (Ta.); Övij = Övic separate (Dha_tup.); Övic sift; vinakti separates (Dha_tup.)(CDIAL 11711).

6199.Snare for birds: vis'a spring-trap, snare for birds, lever (Ma.); vi_ccu cast (as of a net)(Ta.); bisa a spring, catch; bisi tension, elasticity (Te.)(DEDR 5450).

6200.Hunger: vicarppu hunger (Ta.); vis'akka to be hungry, have appetite (Ma.); vis'appu hunger, appetite (Ma.); bi_n hunger (Br.); bi_ngun hungry (Br.)(DEDR 5384). Emaciated person: pacai poor person, weak, emaciated person (Ta.); paje id. (Ka.)(DEDR 3825-b). Famine: pacam scarcity, famine, dearth (Cir-upa. 79); id. (Ma.); pacampaci scarcity and hunger; pacaka_lam time of famine (Tan-ippa_. i,236,4); pacappa_t.t.u poverty, as the burden of one's song; pacalippu adverse circumstances; hardships of famine; pacalittal to be upset mentally (Cilap. 10,131, Urai.); pacat.t.ai weak condition; pacaittan-am poverty (Ta.); pacetana id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) paci to be hungry; hunger (Man.i.14,58; 11,80)(Ta.); paciyan- a hungry man (Ta.); pai, payi, payikka, paikkam, payippu hunger; payikka, paikka to be hungry; payyavan the hungry; Agni (Ma.); osf- (ost-) hunger is (to a person); osf hunger (To.); pasi to hunger; hunger (Ka.); pasivu hunger (Ka.); pastu fast, fasting; nippastu starvation [nip < nir-u full (Ta.)](Te.)(DEDR 3825). bisau hungry; busau id. (Wot..); bhukhav, buka_ hungry (Gypsy); bu_t.ho (Bshk.); bucha_l (Sv.); to become hungry (Phal.); bucha_ hungry (Phal.); boch^u, buccha_ (K.); bhukkha_ (P.); d.hl.ukkho_, d.hukha_ (WPah.); bhukho (Ku.); bhoko (N.); bhukha_ (A.B.Or.); bhoka_ (Or.); bhu_kha_ (OAw.H.); bhu_khau_ (OMarw.); bhu_khu~ (G.)(CDIAL 9284). bubhuks.ate_ wishes to eat, is hungry (MBh.); buhukkhai is hungry (Pkt.); buch- (Bshk.); bus.- (Tor.); bo_chun (K.); bhrukkhn.a_ (WPah.); bhu_khab (Mth.); bhu_khal (Bhoj.); bhukn.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 9285). bubhuks.a_ desire to eat, hunger (MBh.); bubhukkha_, buhukkha_, bhukkha_ hunger (Pkt.); bokh (Gypsy); bokhalo hungry (Gypsy); bka_la hungry (Gypsy); bus' hunger (Tor.); buch, obl. bucha (Mai.); bocha, bhoch (K.); bukha (S.); bhukkh, bukh (L.); bhukkh (P.); d.hl.ukkh, bhukk, bhukh (WPah.); bhukh, gng. bhu_k (Ku.); bhok(h) (N.); bhok (A.); bhukh (B.); bhuk(h)a, bhoka (Or.); bu_khⁱ (Bhoj.); bhu_kh (Aw.); bhu_k(h) (H.); bhu_kha (OMarw.); bhu_kh hunger (G.); bhu_k (M.); bhu_ka (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 9286). bubhuks.ita hungry (Mn.); bubhukkhita (Pali); buhukkhia, bhukkhia (Pkt.); ibkara (Gypsy); bukhyo (S.); bhuki_ya_ (A.); bhukhi, bhoki, bhuk(h)ila_ (Or.); bhu_khiu (OG.); bhu_khyu~ (G.)(CDIAL 9287). bubhuks.u hungry (Ma_rkP.); bus. hungry (Bshk.); bhuch habitual beggar (WPah.)(CDIAL 9288). cf. bhiks.ate_ desires (RV.); asks (esp. alms)(VS.); bhiks.ati (MBh.); bis.kinas to beg (Bur.); bhikkhati begs (Pali); bhiks.adi (Dhp.); bhikkhai (Pkt.); be_chun (K.); bechoiki (Sh.); bhikhvu~ (G.)(CDIAL 9484). bhiks.a_ alms (AV.); bhikkha_ begging, alms (Pali.Pkt.); bhiccha_ (Pkt.); bi_kha (S.); bhikkh (P.); bhi_kh (Ku.Aw.G.M.); grain set out for beggars (Bi.); bhik begging, alms (N.); bhik(h) (B.); bhik(h)a (Or.); bhikh alms (Mth.); bhi_k(h) (H.); bhi_kha (OMarw.); bhi_ka (Konkan.i); bik (Si.)(CDIAL 9485). bhiks.a_cara mendicant (R.); bhikkha_cariya_ alms-begging (Pali); bhikkha_yara, bhicchaara beggar (Pkt.); bhikha_r (H.); bhikha_ru (G.); bhicca_ri (Skt.); bhikha_ri (P.Ku.N.A.B.Or.H.); bhikiri (B.); bhikha_rⁱ (Bhoj.); bhikha_ri_ (G.M.Konkan.i)(CDIAL 9486). bhiks.ita obtained alms (Ya_j.); bikhia_ alms (L.); bhi_khi (Mth.); bhi_khⁱ (Bhoj.)(CDIAL 9487). bhiks.u mendicant (Mn.); bhiks.uka (Gr.S.); bhikkhu mendicant monk (Pali); bhikhu (As'.); bhichu (NiDoc.); bhiks.usa (KharI.); bhikhu (Dhp.); bhikkhu (Pkt.); bhuch habitual beggar (WPah.); bhik adj. begging (B.); biku, buku, bik Buddhist monk (OSi.)(CDIAL 9488). bhaiks.a asking alms (Mn.); alms (Gr.S.); bhikkha collection of alms, alms (Pkt.); becha alms (K.)(CDIAL 9620). piccai < bhiks.a_ alms, food or raw rice given as alms (Tiv. Tiruppa_. 2); piccai-t-te_van- S'iva as mendicant (Tiruva_ca. 5,81)(Ta.lex.)

6201.To fry: bhrajj fry (Skt.); bharjana act of parching or roasting (Skt.); bhrajjana id. (Skt.); bhajjan.a, bhajjan.aya id. (Pkt.); bha_zan act of frying (A.); bha_jan, bha_jna_ (B.); bha_jan., bha_jn.e~ act of parching, grain put to be parched (M.); badina-tel frying oil (Si.); beoin. wheat parched or ground (Kho.)(CDIAL 9400). bharjita fried, parched (Sus'r.); bhajjia fried (Pkt.); aboz^u cooked in water and not fried in oil (K.); bha_zi fried vegetables (A.); bha_ji anything fried (B.Or.)(CDIAL 9401). bhrjjati fries, parches (RV.); bharjayati (Sus'r.); bhrajjayati (Gr.); bharjate_ (Dha_tup.); bhajjati fries, parches (Pali); bhajjai (Pkt.); bul.ik (Kho.); buzun (K.); bhujan.u (S.); bhujjun. (L.); bhujn.u (WPah.); bhujn.o (Ku.); bhu_jna_ (H.); bhujn.e~ (M.); bha~jn.e~ (M.); bhajje_i fries, parches (Pkt.); bazun to cook in hot ghee (K.); bha_ziba to fry, parch (A.); bha_ja_ (B.); bha_jiba_ (Or.); bha_jna_ (H.); bha_jn.e~ (M.); bha_jta_ (Konkan.i); badinava_ (Si.)(CDIAL 9583). bhujjiya fried, parched (Pkt.); bru_ja, bur.ja_o food, grain (Wg.); abuz^u not parched, raw (of grain)(K.); bhurji_, bhujji_ fried potherbs (P.); bhu_ji_ roast or parched vegetable food, vegetables (Ku.); bhuja_ parched fresh rice (N.); parched corn (B.); parched rice (Or.); bhu_ji_ burnt, dry (Mth.); bhu_ja_ parched grain (Mth.); bhu_ji_, bhujiya_ fried potherbs, greens (H.)(CDIAL 9584). bhujan.u to be fried, be parched (S.); bhujj^ana_ to be parched (P.); bhujjan. to be roasted (L.); bhr.jyate_ is fried (Nir.); bha_jn.e~ to catch in the fire, be burnt, be singed (M.)(CDIAL 9585). bhuan.u to fry, parch (S.); bhujiba_ (Or.); bhu~_ja_, bhu_jna_ parched grain (Bi.); bhu_m.jai parches (OAw.); bhum.jauna_ thing fried or parched like grain (OAw.); bhu~_jna_ to parch, fry (H.); bhu~_ja_ fried; fried mouthfuls (H.); bhu~jvu~ to roast (G.); bhr.n.a_ti fries (Skt.)(CDIAL 9586). bhr.kta roasted, fried (Skt.); bhutta_ spike of maize (H.); bhatto_sa parched grain (Pkt.)(CDIAL 9576). bhuto pp. of bhujan.u and bhuan.u (S.); bhugi_ piece of fried meat (S.); bhugir.o parched grain (S.); bhugr.e pl. (L.); bunik to parch, fry (Kho.); bhunnan. (L.); bhunnan.a_ (caus. bhuna_un.a_)(P.); bhunan.o (Ku.); bhuna_ to fry, parch; parched corn (B.); bhu_nal to parch (Bhoj.); bhu_nai (OMarw.); bhun.a_i_ wages for parching (P.); bhr.n.a_ti fries (Dha_tup.)(CDIAL 9577). ba_z to bake, to roast, to toast (e.g. bread)(Kon.lex.) cf. ma_k- (-t-), ma_n.(g)- (ma_n.t-) to bake (bread)(Pe.)(DEDR 4788).

6202.Image: to cut off (lengthwise) slantingly (e.g., a wedge); to smooth: va_ccuka to cut off slantingly (e.g. a wedge)(Ma.); baipini, baipuni to chip or pare obliquely (Tu.); va_nja (va_nji-) to chip off, smooth by chipping, shave down; pl. action va_ska (va_ski-)(Kui)[cf. va_pa shaving (Mn.)(CDIAL 11522)]; basgna_ to peel (by progressive cuts only)(Kur.); basge to peel (Malt.)(DEDR 5340).

6203.To drop: bhras'yati falls (RV.); bhassati falls, drops, droops (Pali); bhassai (Pkt.); bhasa_van. to overcome (L.); bhasi_jan. to be overcome, be exhausted (L.); bha_s'ⁱ depressed, degraded (Ku.); bha_sinu to descend, sink in (N.); bhasa_unu to lower (N.); bha_sa_ to float, drift along, overflow; bha_sa_na to throw into the water (B.); bha_siba_ to float; bhasa_iba_ to set afloat (Or.); bhasna_ to sink, go down, float, float away; bhasa_na_ to launch (H.); bhasakna_ to fall (H.); basinava_, bahinava_ to descend, set (Si.); bahenava_ to subside (e.g. of flood)(Si.); basvanava_, bassanava_ to cause to descend (Si.)(CDIAL 9654).

6204.Millet: wric barley (Kt.); vri_hi rice (AV.); raho, raho_ husked rice (Par.); wuzi_ barley (Pr.); bri_u~ rice (Sh.)(CDIAL 12233). wre_i, wle_i flour (Ash.); bre_i, bre_ (Wg.); bre (Kt.); ble_ (Gaw.)(CDIAL 12234). varjari millet (Skt.); ba_jhari, ba_jhiri_, ba_jhiro the grain holcus spicatus (S.); ba_jra_, ba_jhra_, ba_jhri_ spiked millet (L.); ba_jra_ millet (P.B.H.M.); ba_juro (N.); ba_jara_ (Or.); ba_jr.a_ (Bi.Mth.H.); ba_jri_ a small pea (Bi.); millet (G.); a small variety (M.); ba_jro a large variety (G.)(CDIAL 9201). cf. balbaja eleusine indica (a coarse grass not liked by cattle)(TS.); babbaja a coarse grass (used for making slippers)(Pali); ba_biyo a kind of grass (used for thatching)(N.)(CDIAL 9179). Puffed millet: pace.k puffed millet (Ko.); pocis'ky id. (To.)(DEDR 3829).[cf. pacati cooks (RV.); bakes bricks (S'Br.)(CDIAL 7650); pacanika_ frying pan (Skt.); pen.o large frying pan (G.)(CDIAL 7651).] Maize: panara_ a kind of maize (Or.); punera_ a kind of grain (H.); pavana_la andropogon bicolor (Skt.)(CDIAL 7980).

6205.Image: hole: veccam a defect in rubies (Kalla_. 98); bejjamu (Te.); vejjam a flaw in rubies (S.I.I. ii,78); bejja (Te.); vejja (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) be_gad.e a bore, a hole as in a gem (Ka.lex.) cf. ve_kat.am < ve_kat.a polishing and cleaning gems (Ta.lex.)

6206.Image: to walk: bija to walk; bija ma_d.isu to cause to walk, to carry about, as an idol; bija, biya, bijaya going; coming; bijayagey to walk; to go; to come; bijayageyisu to cause to walk; cf. vi_, vyay to go, move? (Skt.); bidiya-variya capering, vaulting (Ka.); vi_n:kha_ going, moving; dancing; one of a horse's paces (Skt.) (Ka.lex.)

6207.Image: to go backward: bi_gu to go backwards, to recede, to retreat (Ka.); vi_gu (Te.); vilaku (Ta.); vilan.d.u to go aside (Ma.)(Ka.lex.)

6208.Relative by marriage: bi_ga, biyyaga a relative by marriage; nan.t.a, s'ya_la (Ka.); viyya, vi_ya (Te.); ve_r..jai connexions and relations (Ma.); bi_gatana relationship by marriage; bi_gati, bi_giti a female relative by marriage (Ka.lex.)

6209.Image: joint: bija_gari a jointed hinge, jummers (Ka.M.)(Ka.lex.)

6210.Greatness: bijje, bijjala greatness (Ka.); viccu, vicu abundance; vitai, viya, viyan-, viyal, vir..al greatness; width, extension (Ta.); bijje, bijja (Tadbhava of vidye) learning; bijje ven. Sarasvati_; bijjega a man who has the knowledge of; bijje val.a Gan.e_s'a; bit.t.al.a hugeness (Ka.); bit.t.u greatness, muchness, excess (Te.) (Ka.lex.) be_da (Tadbhava of ve_da); be_da-bijjiga Brahma_; bomma, ajja, bidi, alarica (Ka.lex.) mahas, ma_sa greatness, might; a feast, a festival; a sacrifice, an oblation; maha_ great (Ka.)

6211.Grain sown; seed; to sow: bejo first sowing of rice for future transplanting, crop so sown (S.); beji_ kept for seed (S.); be_ja_ seed (WPah.); baiju_ (WPah.); baijika relating to seed (Mn.)(CDIAL 9309). Husked rice: bi_ya rice when cleared from the husk (Ta.); biyya, bi_ya (Te.); bi_ya food (Ka.Lex.) bian rice sown and not transplanted (Kho.); bina_ pl. seed-corn, young plants sown in a bed for transplantation (Ku.); biha_na seed-corn (Or.); bi_han seed (Bi.); bihna_i_ (Mth.); behan seed-corn (H.); bi_han nursery for rice-plants (H.)(CDIAL 9254). bi_jya produced from seed (Pa_n..gan.a.); biz seed (Tor.); bi_j seed (L.WPah.Ku.); bi_ja_ sugarcane cutting to be used as seed (L.); bi~j grains (Ku.)(CDIAL 9261). biu seed (N.); bi_ja seed, semen (RV.); seed (Pali); bi_jaka seed, semen (Sus'r.); offspring (Pali); biji, bhija, bhis'a seed (NiDoc.); bi_a (Pkt.); bi_ seed, grain (Kt.Wg. Ash.); grain (Dm.Pas'.L.P.WPah.G.M.Konkan.i.); bi_u seed (Wot..); a single grain (Gaw.); bi seed, semen (Kho.); seed (Sh.); bi_h (Sh.); bi~_ pl. (L.); seed (M.); seed, cutting of a plant (P.); bi_yo, biyo~ seed (Ku.); biyu~ grain of rice remaining unhusked (N.); biya~_ pl. seed of fruits other than corn (N.); bia_ seed (B.); bi_ya_ (Bi.Bhoj.H.); bi_a_ (Mth.H.); bia_ (Aw.); bi_yu~ (G.)(CDIAL 9250). vi_yam seed; rice (Ta.); bi_ya rice when cleaned from the husk; food (Ka.); biyyamu seeds or grains of oryza sativa without husks, paddy deprived of the husk, rice (Te.); bi.am (pl. bi.al) rice (Kol.)(DEDR App.60). Testicles: picci the testicles of animals (Tu.); picca testicle (Te.)(DEDR 4140). cf. pit.ukku testicle (Ta.Ma.); pixid. testicles (To.); hid.iku, hid.igu testicle (Ka.)(DEDR 4151). bitza, bicca, bica seed (Kuwi); bi_ci id. (Malt.); vijja_, vi_ja_ seed (Go.); viccu seed (Ta.); vittu to sow, spread, broadcast (Ta.)[cf. vitir to scatter, throw about, sprinkle (Ta.)(DEDR 5400)]; seed, semen (Ta.Ma.); to sow; n. seed, testicle (Te.); vittanamu seed, testicle (Te.); veda sowing (Te.); vitanam seed (Kol.Nk.); vit- to sow broadcast (Kol.); to sow (Nk.Pa.Ga.Kond.a.Mand..); vi_t- id. (Ga.Go.Pe.); vi_ti seed (Ga.); vitu seed (Kond.a); vittid (pl. vittil) seed, semen (Pa.); vitai seed, testicle; vitaippu sowing (Ta.); vita sowing, sowing season, grain sown (Ma.); vitar seed (Ma.); vit- (vity-) to sow; vit seed; vitan. time of sowing (Ko.); pit- (pity-) to sow; pit seed (To.); bittu to put seeds, sow (Ka.); bittu, bitta, bir..tu seed (Ka.); bittige, bittane act of sowing (Ka.); bede seed, sowing (Ka.); bitt- (bitti-) to sow, scatter; bitti seed selected for sowing; bide a particular sort of seed; butte semine virile (Tu.); vitka_ semen (Kui); vi_can.a id. (Kuwi); wita_na_ to sow broadcast (Go.); to sow (Go.); vita_na_ to sow (Go.)(DEDR 5401). vis.t.ara anything spread out (Gr.S'r.); vitthara, vitthira spreading out, collection of words (Pkt.); bitar dispersion (Ku.); chitar-bithar scattered (H.); vithar dispersion, ruin (M.); vatura water, flood (Si.)(CDIAL 11987). vittharan.a adj. spreading (Pkt.); ve_tharan mat of twisted rice-straw, sack of the same (K.)(CDIAL 12004). vistarati spreads out (R.); vittharai id. (Pkt.); bitarn.o to be scattered (Ku.); bitharna_ to scatter, be scattered, be separate (H.); vaturanava_ to spread (Si.); caus. wathara_wun to spread (K.); bithra_na_ (H.)(CDIAL 12005). vista_ra expansion, extent (MBh.); vittha_ra expansion (Pali.Pkt.); bitha_r extension, breadth (Mth.); vitara (Si.)(CDIAL 12006). visara spreading, extension (Skt.); werest, wrias, weryahas span (Pas'.)(CDIA 11996). vista_rayati spread out, displays (MBh.); vittha_re_ti spreads out (Pali); vittha_re_di, vittha_rai (Pkt.); bitharoiki (Sh.); bitha_rab to stretch, extend (Mth.); bitha_rna_ to scatter (H.)(CDIAL 12007). vista_rita spread out (Skt.); vittha_rita id. (Pali); vittha_riya (Pkt.); batha_ri bedding (Sh.); bitha_ri_ spread out, scattered (Mth.)(CDIAL 12008). visti_rn.a spread out, extensive (MBh.); vitthin.n.a wide, large (Pali.Pkt.); vistirna (NiDoc.); istono wide (Pas'.); bisti_n.u (Phal.); bisin (Bshk.); bizin (Tor.)(CDIAL 12009). visti_ryate_ is spread out (Mn.); bathijoiki to get a place, find a place, fit into, go through (Sh.)(CDIAL 12010). vistr.ta spread, expanded, wide (MBh.); vitthata spread out (Pali); vistatena, vithat.ena at length, in detal (As'.); vitthad.a, vitthaya, vitthiya, vitthuya wide (Pkt.); wister-a_ (Ash.); wister, wistere (Kt.); wis'ti_, wis'te_ (Wg.); wis'tir, is'tare_ (Pr.); bis'tura (Dm.); westa_r. (Pas'.); bithure they were scattered (OAw.); vatal.a spread out, large (Si.); vatul.a pret. of vaturanava_ (Si.)(CDIAL 12011). visarati flows through, spreads out (RV.); visirenava_ to be spread, be scattered (Si.); virsan.u to be separated (S.); bisarab to desert (Mth.)(CDIAL 11997). visa_ra diffusion (RV.); spread (Pali); visara expansion (Si.)(CDIAL 11999). visa_rita extended (Skt.); visiri id. (Si.)(CDIAL 12000). visr.jati emits, diffuses (RV.); visr.s.t.a sent forth (RV.); vihidanava_ to diffuse, spread out; vihidi diffused (Si.); vissat.t.ha, visat.t.ha scattered, wide (Pali); visul.a spread out (Si.)(CDIAL 12002).

6212.Image: shaggy hair: bhi~_s shaggy hair or wool (M.)(CDIAL 9301). bhu_cu long-haired, having long straggling hair (S.); long tangled hair (S.); bhuco young shoot or plant, stalk (Ku.)(CDIAL 9524). bhe~hiya_iba to make faces (A.); bhesar.a_ ugly (Or.); bhesara_ ugly (Or.)(CDIAL 9619). Image: masquerade; assumed appearance: ve_s.a dress, assumed appearance (Mn.); ve_sa disguise (Pali); be_s. airs and graces, posturing (Sh.); vi_h, vih appearance (K.); besa_ guise (H.); ves-a masquerade (Si.)(CDIAL 12129). cf. bhi_s.a_ frightening (Mn.); inst. sg. (RV.); bhi_sai frightens (Pkt.); bi_s'i, bis'wai fear (Gypsy)(CDIAL 9516).

6213.Incense: pukai incense (pukaiyum ca_ntum : Cilap. 5,198); smoke, fume (Ci_vaka. 2977)(Ta.); puga (Ma.); poga (Te.); poge (K.); pukai-y-u_t.u-tal to perfume the hair with incense (Ta.); pukai-y-ur-uppu incense, things that emit fragrance when smoking, numbering six, viz., ne_rkat.t.i, cente_n-, niriya_cam, paccilai, cantan-am, akil (Cilap. 5,14, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)

6214.Molasses: ucchurasa pl. molasses (Pali.lex.) vicayam juice of the sugarcane (Ta.); vetsa, vetsu (Te.); visi, visil, visu (Ka.Tu.); veigil (Ma.); jaggery, treacle (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) cf. vellam jaggery (Ta.); juice of sugarcane, molasses (Ma.); bhel jaggery (M.); bheli id. (Or.)(DEDR 5494).

6215.Seeds: pit.t.ha crushed seeds (Pali); pis.t.a crushed, ground (RV.)(CDIAL 8218). cf. bisa edible stalk of lotus (AV.); lotus stalk (Pkt.Or.); bhisa (Pali.Pkt.); bihu (S.); bhe (L.); bhe_h, bhe~_, bhe_ (P.); bhi_s (H.); bhise~ (M.); bisa (Si.)(CDIAL 9249). Young berry: picu young tender fruit (Ta.); young fruit just set (Ma.); piju, hi_cu, i_cu fruit newly come forth from the blossom (Ka.); pindiya, pinde young berry, fruit just formed after the blossom (Te.); pinje small young berry (Ga.); pinza (pl. pinzen.) tender fruit, young berry (Kond.a); pijari fruit (irpi pijari mahua fruit)(Kuwi)(DEDR 4145). Lotus flowers: visini, bisini an assemblage of lotus flowers, a place abounding in lotuses; the lotus plant, nelumbium speciosum; lotus fibres (Ka.lex.) bisaja, visaja a lotus; bisaja-nayane a lotus-eyed woman (Ka.lex.) bhisa the sprout (fr. the root) of a lotus, the lotus fibres, lotus plant; bhisa-puppha the lotus flower = paduma puppha; bhisa-mul.a_la fibres and stalk of the lotus (Pali.lex.) picam, pi_cam fibre of the lotus; lotus stalk (Ta.lex.) cf. picir fibre (Ta.)(DEDR 4133). bisa stem of lotus (Car. Su. 5.10, Ci. 3.258). bisini_ an assemblage of lotuses; bisavati_ a place abounding in lotus-fibres; bisam the fibre of a lotus; the fibrous stalk of a lotus (Skt.lex.) bri_m-po_s' the waterlily nymphaea alba (K.)(CDIAL 12079). cf. bisa the edible stalk of lotus (AV.Pkt.Or.)(CDIAL 9249). vicaput.pam < bisa-pus.pa lotus flower (Malai.); vicam lotus-fibre (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.)

6216.Horn: vis.a_n.a horn, tusk (AV.); visa_n.a horn (Pali.Pkt.)(CDIAL 11977). vis.a_n.in horned (MBh.); visa_n.i horned (Pkt.); viseni-ya 5th day after new or full moon (Si.)(CDIAL 11978).

6217.Luxuriant; swollen: va~_cu, va_cu to swell, be swollen (Te.); va_y to flourish, be luxuriant (Ta.); va.v (part of body) swells (Ko.); po.f swelling on body (To.)(DEDR 5350). va_pu swelling, protuberance (Te.); va_y to swell (Kol.Nk.); va_p id. (Pa.Ga.); va_s to be inflamed, swollen (as a body part)(Kond.a); ba_pu swelling, tumour, abscess (Tu.); ba_, ba_yu to swell, tumefy (Ka.); ba_vu, ba_hu swelling (Ka.); va_ypu growth (Ma.)(DEDR 5350). Good harvest; swollen; desire: bamjan.u to be swollen (S.); bama_n.o to be puffed up, be proud, grow (Ku.); bamkan.o to be puffed-up; bamato much, plenty; ba_mto ardent desire; bamtan.o to become mad (Ku.); bam-phasel good harvest; bamme crowded; bamkanu to boast (N.); ba~b vast, full (G.M.)(CDIAL 9150). pambal ardent desire, solicitous or grievous thought; pambalisu to desire ardently, be full of solicitous or painful thought (Ka.); hambalu solicitous thought (Tu.)(DEDR 3931).

6218.Quercus lamellosa: vajra_sthi seed of asteracantha longifolia; the tree (Skt.); vajra-, vajras'r.n:khal(i)ka_, vajra_sthis'r.n:khala_ asteracantha longifolia; vajradruma (Skt.); vajravr.ks.a (Sus'r.); bajra~_t.h the oak quercus lamellosa (N.)(CDIAL 11203). vam.jula Jonesia asoka (Pkt.); vajula (MBh.)(CDIAL 11210). cf. banapu a large timber-tree, terminalia tomentosa or coriacea (Ta.)(DEDR 3885). wenzi_, wezi_ oak (Kt.); wo_zu (Pr.); wanji_ holy-oak (Pas'.); banzi_ oak (Nin:g.); banz (Wot..); inji_, he~_zi_ (Gaw.); bu~, boj, bonz holly-oak (Kal.); banj (Kho.); banz (Sv.); baj a partic. tree (WPah.); ba~_j oak (Ku.); ba~_jh the tree echinocarpus sterculiaceus (N.); ba~_jh, ba~_j, baji_ the oak quercus incana (H.); mo_c, mu_c oak (Wg.); mo~_zi oak (Ash.)(CDIAL 11209). Beech family: Beeches, chestnuts, oaks: The trees of this family are found in the temperate forests of the eastern and western hemispheres and comprise about 368 species... oaks for e.g. are: white oak, quercus alba, chestnut oak, quercus montana, black oak, quercus velutina etc., chesnut, castanea dentata... the wood of the beech, fagus grandifolia, is used for chairs,tool handles etc... The cork of commerce is obtained from the bark of quercus suber and quercus occidentalis... Nutgall: synonyms: galls, aleppo galls, smyrna galls; Turkey or Syrian galls; gallapfel (Ger.); galla d'alep (Fr.); botanical origin: quercus infectoria; part used: the excrescence obtained from the young twigs; habitat: Mediterranean basin from Greece to Persia; Production: the female of cynips tinctoria, gall-fly punctures the young leaf buds of the dyer's oak with her ovipositor and deposits one or more eggs in the wound. The egg hatches and a young insect or larva emerges in the plant tissue. The larva secretes a fluid (probably from its salivary glands) which contains an enzyme capable of converting starch into sugar. The cells immediately surrounding the larva contain considerable starch and are termed the nutritive zone. This starch is gradually changed to sugar by the enzyme which makes more food available than usual to the growing plant cells. The protoplasm of these is, accordingly, stimulated toward greater cell-reproduction as the rate of change from starch to sugar is accelerated, and a hypertrophied growth, tumor or gall is the result. In the gall the insect undergoes a metamorphosis, passing from the larva or 'worm' stage to the chrysalis or pupa stage and thence to the imago or adult stage. In this last stage it channels its way out leaving a tubular canal communicating with a central cavity. While the insect is in the early larval stage most of the cells of the gall contain numerous tiny starch grains. By the time the larva is transformed to a chrysalis, gallic acid has taken the place of starch in the cells near the middle of the gall, while tannic acid in masses is abundantly present in the cells at the center and near the outer margin. When the imago or adult winged insect is developed, most of the cells of the gall contain masses of tannin together with a small amount of gallic acid. After the imago has emerged from the gall, the tannin constituent of the cells undergoes oxidation which results in replacement by an insoluble product. The gall becomes lighter in weight and colour and more spongy in texture. The so-called 'white galls' of commerce represent this last stage. The galls should be collected before the insect has emerged. Most of the official galls are gathered by the peasants of Asia Minor, Syria and Persia who dry them in the sun... On account of different stages of maturity, the galls vary in colour from black, through green and blue, to white... Uses: astringent, chiefly in the form of the ointment. Nutgall is the chief source of tannic acid. Tannic acid has astringent and styptic properties and is a chemical antidote for poisoning by alkaloids... Chinese galls are produced on the leaves of rhus chinensis... (Heber W. Youngken, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Philadelphia, The Blakiston Co., 1950, pp. 266-270).

6219.Firm soldering: besage ha_ku to solder; bet.t.a-besage a firm soldering (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: to unite firmly: besike, besuge soldering; bet.t.avesage a firm soldering or union; bet.t.a firmness, hardness, excessive hardness of metals, harshness, rudeness; besige gol.l.u to be soldered; bese, bisu, besu to solder; to unite firmly (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) besige soldering a metal (Tu.lex.) Image: to unite; soldering gold or other metal: besu, bese, bisu to unite firmly; solder; join, be united; bisu soldering; bisuge, besage, besavu, besike, besige, besuge id., state of being soldered or firmly united, close connexion, composition; beccu state of being soldered or united (Ka.); besige soldering gold or other metal (Tu.)(DEDR 5468). pa_s'ayati fastens, binds (Dha_tup.); paha_un.a_ to entangle (P.); pahanava_, pa_hanava_ to fasten, weld, solder (Si.); fahan to sew (Md.); pasa_un.a_ to cause to stick, to entangle, thrust in (P.)(CDIAL 8135). Image: to unite firmly: bisu, besu, bese to unite firmly, to solder (Ka.); vir..ai to join, be united; vil.akku to solder (Ta.Ma.); bisu to join, to be united (Ka.); soldering; bisuge soldering (Ka.lex.) vir..aiccu sexual union; vir..aivu copulation; vir..ai, ir..ai to move closely or intimately (Ta.lex.) vil.akku to solder (S.I.I. ii,182)(Ta.lex.) vici-ttal to fasten, bind, tie tightly (Malaipat.u. 3); vici-tal id. (Perun.. Ila_va_n.a. 2,26); vici fastening, tie (Perumpa_n.. 56); leather strap for drums (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) viku (-pp-, -tt-) to be tight, stiff, or hardened; piki (-v-, -nt-) to be hard-knit; piku, pikuvu tightness, hardness, rigidity (Ta.); vin.n.uka to be tight, dense (Ma.); vigv- (vigt-) (handle of axe) is tightly fixed (Ko.); bigi to tighten, bind, fasten, tie firmly to (Ka.); bigi, bigu, biguta tightness (Tu.); bigi, bigutu, biguvu tightness, tension (Te.); bin:kamu tightness, stiffness (Te.) (DEDR 5282).

6220.Bile; madness: pitta bile (AV.Pali.Pkt.); pit a small vessel with blood in it on the liver of an ibex (Sh.); bile (A.H.G.); gall-bladder, courage (A.); pe_th, dat. pe_tas bile (K.); pitu (S.); pitt (P.); piti (Ku.); pat bile (G.); pita bile (Or.); pat a kind of leprosy (G.); pita bile, anger (Sik.); pith gall-bladder (L.); pitla_ma~_ liver and lights (L.)(CDIAL 8181). pith sour (Wot..); pita sour, bitter (Gaw.); pito bitter (Sv.); pita (Or.); pito gall-bladder (S.); pitta_ id., bile (P.); pitto bile, anger (Ku.); pita_n.o to get vexed (Ku.); pito gall-bladder (N.); pitta_ id., bile (H.); pitto (G.)(CDIAL 8182). pitl.a_ choleric (M.); pittala bilious (Sus'r.)(CDIAL 8183). pittika bilious (Pali); pittiya (Pkt.); patiu~ a kind of leprosy (G.)(CDIAL 8186). pittu, pittam, pitti bile, madness (Ta.); pitta id. (Ka.); giddiness (Kod..); pittu bile, fickleness; pitta bilious, choleric (Tu.) (DEDR 4142). cf. piccu bile, madness; piccan- madness (Ta.); piccu madness (Ma.); piccan madman (Ma.); puc madness (Ko.); anger (To.); peccu, paccu, puccu madness (Ka.); picci, picca madness, silliness (Te.); pisak mad (Nk.); pisal, pisa, pisol mad woman (Go.)(DEDR 4142). pe_t bladder (Sh.); paitta pertaining to bile (Sus'r.) (CDIAL 8387). paittika bilious (Pa_n..va_rtt., Sus'r.); peti_ bilious (P.)(CDIAL 8389). pittappai gall-bladder (Ta.lex.)

6221.Image: arrow: vicikam arrow (Ja_n-a_. 20,19); iron pestle, crowbar; vicikai id. (Ta.lex.) cf. vis'ikha (Skt.)

6222.Image: street: vicikai street (Ta.); vis'ikha_ (Skt.)

6223.Image: wave: vicikaram wave; vici wave (Kur-r-a_. Tala. Kat.avul.van.a. 4)(Ta.lex.)

6224.Image: to resemble: vir..ai-tal to resemble (Tol. Po. 289, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)

6225.Image: kite: vij kite (Ko.); bijju a voracious bird, paradoxurus pallassii (Ka.)(DEDR 5389).

6226.Image: insect: cf. wi_si_ fly (Go.)(DEDR 5451). vit.t.ikai moth (Tiruvicaip. Karuvu_. 10,8); vit.t.il locust (Ci_vaka. 64, Urai.); moth (Tiruva_ca. 6,5)(Ta.lex.)

6227.Image: to throw: cf. vi_cu to throw (Ta.)(DEDR 5450). vi_kku (vi_kki-) to strike (Ta.); vikkuka to flog, hammer; vi_kku blow (Ma.)(DEDR 5447). vi_ (-v-, -nt-) to perish, cease, disappear, leave, die, deviate as from one's course; (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy; n. ruin, destruction, death, drooping, languishing, separation, removal; vi_kku (vi_kki-) to kill, destroy, ruin; vi_vu ruin, destruction, death, eraditcation, removal, end, defect, flaw, interruption, interval; vi_tal death (Ta.); bi_ to end, cease, fail, fall away or off, fade, perish, die; bi_kal ending etc.; bi_gu to go backwards, recede, retreat; bi_sara end, destruction (Ka.); vi~_gu to run away, move, step aside, end, disappear; vi~_ka flight, retreat; vi_sara deficiency; vi_sara-pad.u, vi_sara-po_vu to be deficient, fail, be fruitless; vi_saramu useless, vain, fruitless (Te.); vi_c tomb, grave; wich dead man; wich bati disposal place for the dead (Go.)(DEDR 5446). vi_z- (-it-) to be finished; vi_s- (-t-) to finish (Kond.a); vi_z- (vi_st-) to be finished; vi_h