6436.Fragrance: vatuvai fragrance; vatuvai-na_r-r-am new fragrance (Akana_. 25)(Ta.lex.) sva_du, so_du a particular perfume or fragrant substance; sweet, pleasant, delicate; pleasing, charming; sweetness, flavour, relish (Ka.); sva_da taste, flavour, savour; liking, enjoyment (Ka.lex.)

6437.Image: earthen pot for grains to sprout: vatuvai-mul.ai earthen pot in which nava-ta_n-iyam is sown and allowed to sprout in marriage (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) cf. bhadra-ghat.a (Skt.) bhen.u earthen cooking pot (G.)(CDIAL 9360a). vat.t.u porringer, platter, plate, cup (Ta.); vat.t.il id. (Tiv. Peruma_l.. 4,3)(Ta.); bat.t.alu id. (Ka.); vat.t.o_t.u goldsmith's pot for live coals (Ta.lex.) vardhani_ water-jar (BhP.); vad.d.hana potsherd (Pali); badane_ pitcher (Tir.); vadhna_, badhna_ earthen waterpot with spout (P.); badhna_ (B.Bi.); earthen or copper vessel with spout (H.); badhan (Mth.); badhni_ (H.)(CDIAL 11379). Image: projecting rim: vat.t.u the circular piece to which the ribs of an umbrella are joined (Ta.lex.) varti projecting rim (Skt.); vat.t.i, vat.t.ika_ circumference, rim, brim (Pali); vatti edge, limit (Pkt.); vtti edge of bank or river (Si.)(CDIAL 11360). bat. to trim, make leve, straighten (Santali.lex.) Image: tire of a wheel: pat.t.e the outer iron rim of a wheel (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) pat.ru tire of a wheel (S.); pat.ru band of iron to tighten anything, tire of a wheel (S.)(CDIAL 7733). Image: protuberance round a vessel: varti, varti_ the projecting threads or unwoven ends (of a cloth), the fringe; the protuberance round a vessel (Skt.); vartman an edge, a border (Skt.lex.) cf. vardhanika_ a small vessel in which sacred water is kept; vardhama_na a pot or dish of a particular shape, lid (Skt.lex.) mukhavat.t.i, titti brim; v.t. a_mukhavat.t.in pu_reti; v.i. samatittikan pu_rati (Pali.lex.) mukha-vat.t.i outer rim, border, lining, e.g. cakkava_l.a-mukha-vat.t.i; pa_sa_da-mukha-vat.t.i; vat.t.ika_ a brim (Pali.lex.) Image: projecting rim: bit. rim of a vessel (N.)(CDIAL 12045). Image: handle; rim of a vessel: be~t. handle (Ku.H.); bi~_d.a_ axe-handle (P.); bi~_r., bi_n handle (Ku.); ben.t.a handle (Or.); be~_t. handle (Aw.); bi~t. handle (N.); bet., ve_t.t.a handle (Bhoj.); bit. rim of a vessel (N.)(CDIAL 12045). bil opening, mouth of a vessel (Kho.)(CDIAL 9245). neti cord round neck of oil-flask (N.); ne_tra cord of churning stick (MBh.)(CDIAL 7588). newat, newata_ cord of churning stick (Bi.)(CDIAL 7590). cf. varti wick (MBh.)(CDIAL 11359). Handle: bi~_d.a_ axe-handle (P.); bi~_r, bi_n handle (Ku.); ben.t.a handle (Or.); be~t. handle (Bi.H..); be~_t. id. (Aw.); bet. id. (Bhoj.); bon.t.a_ handle of plough (Or.); ba~_t. handle (B.)(CDIAL 12045). viruttam circle, anything circular (Tiv.Iyar-. Tiruvirut. Tan-iyan-)(Ta.lex.) Edge: vil.impu border, edge, rim, brink, margin (Ta.); vat.impu border, edge (as of a garment), extremity, eaves, edge of a roof (Ta.); vil.impu, vil.umpu, vel.umpu edge, margin, border or hem of a cloth (Ma.); vel.uti margin (Ma.)(DEDR 5436). Image: big pot or vessel: vat.t.akai small bowl; metal cup (Ka_cippu. Tar..uvak. 333)(Ta.lex.) vat.t.ikai basket; vat.t.il id., measure of capacity (Ta.)(DEDR 5231). cf. ve_t.ko_ = ve_l. + ko_ potter (Ta.lex.) vel.i-va_y the outer rim or lip of a vessel; openly (Ta.lex.) cf. bal.l.a a brazen charger or eating dish (Ka.lex.) val.l.am a dish for use in eating or drinking, hour-glass, a measure of grain (= 4 marakka_l)(Ta.lex.) val.antu big pot or vessel (Ta.lex.) bal.l.a a measure of capacity, the 4th part of a kol.aga or 4 manas (Ka.lex.) vat.t.il < vr.tta porringer, platter, plate, cup (Tiv. Peruma_l. 4,23); measure of capacity (Tol. Er..ut. 170, Il.ampu_.)(Ta.); bat.t.alu (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Drinking bowl: (sura_-)vittha drinking bowl; (a_ve_sana-) vitthaka small bowl for needles etc. (Pali); vit-a drinking vessel (Si.)(CDIAL 11728). Image: cup: cf. vat.t.a cup (Pkt.); bat.a_ metal pot for betel (Or.); va_t.i_ vessel (G.M.); ba_t.a_ round copper or brass vessel (N.)(CDIAL 11347). cf. vartalo_ha a kind of brass (Skt.)(CDIAL 11357). cf. vat.t.u dish (Pkt.)(CDIAL 11364). cf. vat.t.il basket, measure of capacity, quiver for arrows (Ta.)(DEDR 5231). Medicinal pouch: vat.t.uvam medicinal pouch (Pirata_pa. Vila_. 121); pouch in which betel leaves, nuts, chunam, tobacco etc. are kept (W.)(Ta.); vat.t.uvamu id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.) Image: metal cup: bha~utic a leaf cup, a cup made of leaves pinned together; bat.i a metal cup or basin (Santali.lex.) vat.t.am scale-pan (Tiruman. 1781)(Ta.lex.) vat.t.i porringer, kin.n.am (Aka. Ni.); a measure of capacity = 1 na_r..i = a pat.i; mukattal.avai (Tol. Er..ut. 170); vat.t.a_ plate, porringer, bowl (Ci_tak.); vat.t.appakka_ Madras measure, when made with a wide circular mouth (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Image: cooking pot; phonetic echoes: bh-/b-/p-, m- optional particle (plosive, nasal) prefixes: bha_n.d. cooking pot (WPah.); bha_n.d.a pot, dish, vessel (Mn.); cooking pot (Or.); bhamd.a vessel (Pkt.); bha_n.d.aka small cup (Skt.); bhan.a, ba_na vessels, dish (Tor.); ba_nu a kind of dish (Kho.); bo_n., bo_n cooking pot (Sh.); bha_n.d.o cooking pot (K.); bhana, bamna vessel (NiDoc.); bha_no cooking pot (Ku.); bha_r.o large pot for cooking rice (N.); bha~_r. small earthen pot (B.); large earthen pot, vessel for milk or ghee; bha~_r. necked vessel for milk or ghee (Bi.); bha~_r.a_ milking vessel (Bi.); bha~_r.iya_ earthen pot (Aw.); bha~_d. earthen pot (H.); bha~_d.a_ earthen pot (H.); cooking pot (P.); vessel (L.); bha~_d.u~ pot (G.); bha~_d., bha~_d.e~ pot (M.); ba_na vessel (K.); bo^u large milk vessel (K.)(CDIAL 9440). Image: pot: cf. ba_na large earthen pot with a broad mouth (Ka.)(DEDR 4124). cf. bud.d.i earthen vessel (Go.); glass bottle (Ka.); bottle, flask (Te.); bud.d.iga (Te.); put.y bottle (To.); pot.y (Ko.); put.t.i flask, bottle (Ta.)(DEDR 4265A). Image: pot: bindige a kind of metal water-vessel (Ka.); binaga_ (M.); binde (Te.); vinde (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) pit.hara, pit.hari_ a pot, pan (MBh.); pit.haraka (Skt.); pit.hara pot, pan (Pali); pid.hara, pihad.a (Pkt.); pi_ri_ (Gypsy)(CDIAL 8166). cf. pit.aka basket, box (Mn.) (CDIAL 8164). bhinka_ra a water jar, a (nearly always golden) vase, ceremonial vessel (in donations)(Pali); cf. bhr.nga_ra (Skt.)(Pali.lex.) Pot, boiler: pa_n.t.il small bowl or cup (Pur-ana_. 97); bowl of a lamp (Ta.lex.) pa_n.ali, va_n.ali, va_n.a_y frying pan (Ta.); ba_n.ali, ba_n.ale, ba_n.d.li, ba_l.ali, ba_l.l.e frying pan of stone or metal (Ka.); ban.al, banal a kind of frying pan (Tu.); ba_n.ali frying pan (Te.) (DEDR 4069). pa_li_ a pot, boiler; pa_la a spitting-pot (Skt.lex.) pa_likai < pa_lika_ earthen pot in which nava-ta_n-iyam is sown in marriage and other ceremonies (Man.i. 1,44); pa_likai-kot.t.utal, pa_likai-vit.utal the ceremony of emptying sprouts in the pa_likai into a river or tank on the conclusion of marriage and other ceremonies; pa_likai-tel.ittal the ceremony of sowing nava-ta_n-iyam in pots on auspicious occasions (Ta.lex.) Image: large-mouthed pot: pa_t.am oil-dish (Ma.); pa_d.a an oil vessel (Tu.)(DEDR 4061). Waterpot: vat.t.am large waterpot; a unit for measuring the quantity of water = 500 average potfuls, as the amount necessary for a pan:ku for one week; vat.t.akai small bowl; metal cup (Ka_cippu. Tar..uvak. 333)(Ta.lex.) patalai large-mouthed pot (Aric. Pu. Viva_ka. 292); ornamental pitcher mounted on a tower (Tiv. Periyati. 3,8,2); boat (Ta.); pa0s- large, broad-mouthed clay-pot (To.); patli cooking pot (Go.Malt.)(DEDR 3909). Image: trough: pan-r-ippattar hog-trough; water-scoop for irrigation (Cilap. 10,110, Urai.); pattar wooden trough for feeding animals (Na_lat.i, 257); pattal a wooden bucket (Patir-r-up. 19,23); wooden trough for feeding animals; ditch, depression (Nar-. 240)(Ta.lex.) pa_d.ini_ an earthen pot; a boiler; pa_tili_ a small earthen vessel; pa_tram a drinking-vessel, cup, jar; a vessel or pot in general; a reservoir; a kind of measure (a_d.haka); pa_tri_ a vessel, plate, dish; pa_trakam a vessel, pot etc.; pa_trika measured out with any vessel or a measure called a_d.haka; pa_trikam a vessel, cup, dish; pa_tri_yam a sacrificial vessel or utentil; pa_tri_ram an oblation (Skt.lex.) Soma bowl: paddharan.i- (stha_li_-) (bowl) for collecting the scooped footprint of the soma-cow (S'rS.)[conceived of by pop. etym. as containing pad-haran.a-](CDIAL 14668a). pada_yatana the place where a cow plants her feet (Satya_s.a_d.ha S'rautaSu_tra vii.2. Vedic lex.) Chamber vessel; spittoon: pratigrahan.a vessel (S'a_nkhGr..); pratigraha chamber vessel (Car.); spittoon (Skt.); pat.iggaha reception, receptacle (Pali); pad.igg-aha bowl (Pkt.); par.igaha_ spittoon (Mth.); par.ghi_ stand for a pot (G.); pad.gha_, pad.ga_, pad.ghe~, pad.ge~ wooden bowl; pad.ghi_, pad.gi_ stand for a pot (M.)(CDIAL 8554). pat.ikkam spittoon (en. caturama_ka ceyvittuk kot.utta pat.ikam on-r-u)(S.I.I. ii,149); pot for receiving water used for an idol (I.M.P. ii, 1404,1332); pad.iga spittoon (Te.Ka.); pat.ikkam id. (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) vr.nta stand of waterjar (Ka_tyS'r.); footstalk of leaf or flower, any stalk (MBh.)(CDIAL 12077). Watering-trough for feeding animals: pattal wooden bucket (Patir-r-up. 19,23); pattar wooden bucket, wooden trough for feeding animals (Na_lat. i.257); coconut shell or gourd used as a vessel (Kalla_. 40,3)(Ta.); pa_tti bathing tub, watering-trough or basin, drain (Ta.); pa_ti basin for water round the foot of a tree (Ka.); trough or bathing tub, drain, spout (Tu.); pa_di, pa_du basin for water round the foot of a tree (Te.)(DEDR 4079). Image: feeding-trough: pathiya_ basket used as feeding- trough for animals (Mth.); basket used by sower or for feeding cattle (Bi.); pa_tha_ large milk pail (Mth.); prastha a measure of weight or capacity = 32 palas (MBh.); pattha a measure = 1/4 a_l.haka, cooking vessel containing 1 pattha (Pali); a measure of grain (Pkt.); patthaya id. (Pkt.); path a measure of land requiring 1 trakh (= 9 1/2 lb.) of seed (K.); patth, path a measure of capacity = 4 boras (L.); pa_tho a measure = 2 seers (Ku.); pa_thi a measure of capacity = 1/10 man (N.); pa_thi_ a measure of corn for a year (H.); pata a measure of grain and liquids = 1/4 na_liya (Si.); prasta a measure (NiDoc.)(CDIAL 8869). Image: bowl; oil-dish: pa_tra drinking vessel, dish (RV.); pa_traka, pa_tri_ vessel (Gr.S'rS.); patta bowl; pattaka a little bowl (Pali); pa_ti_ (Pali); patta, patti_, pa_da, pa_ya, pa_i_ vessel (Pkt.); pati large long dish (Sh.); pa_th^ar, dat. pa_tras vessel, dish; potur^u pan of a pair of scales (gah^ana-pa_th, dat. poc^u jewels and dishes as part of dowry)(K.); pa_t.ri large earth or wooden dish; pa_t.ror.o wooden trough (S.); pa_tri_ earthen kneading dish; para_t large open vessel in which bread is kneaded; pa_tri_ plate (L.); pa_tar vessel; para_t id.; para_tr.a_ large wooden kneading vessel (P.); pa_ttar brass or wooden kneading vessel (P.); pa_i wooden pot (Ku.); pa_til earthen cooking pot (B.); pa_tili small earthen cooking pot (B.); pa_til.a, pa_tul.i earthen pot; sil-pa_ stone mortar and pestle (Or.); pati_la_ earthen cooking vessel (Bi.); patla_ milking vessel; paila_ small wooden dish for scraps (Bi.); pati_la_ copper pot; patuki_ small pan (H.); pa_tru~ wooden bowl (G.); pa_telu~ brass cooking pot; para_t circular dish (G.); circular edged metal dish (M.); paya, pya (Si.)(CDIAL 8055). vat.t.a-, vat.t.aya- cup (Pkt.); wat.a_k cup, plate (Ash.); wat.ukh, dat. wat.akas cup, bowl (K.); vat.o metal drinking cup (S.); ba_t.a_ round copper or brass vessel (N.); box for betel (B.); ba_t.i cup (A.Or.); saucer (Or.); bat.a_ metal pot for betel (Or.); ba_t.i_ small metal cup (Mth.); bat.r.i_ (H.); va_t.i_ vessel (G.M.); bat.t.a_ large metal cup (Mth.)(CDIAL 11347). cf. vartalo_ha a kind of brass (Skt.); vat.t.alo_ha a partic. kind of metal (Pali); valt.o_a_ metal pitcher (L.); valt.oh, balt.oh, vatloha_ (P.); bat.lohi round metal vessel (N.); bat.lahi water vessel (A.); ba_t.lahi, ba_t.ula_i round brass cooking vessel (B.); bat.lohi_ small metal vessel (Bi.); bat.lohi_, bat.loi_ brass drinking and cooking vessel (H.); vat.loi (G.)(CDIAL 11357). Image: plate, cup; measure of capacity: bhad.d.u_ copper cooking vessel (P.); bhad.d.u (N.)(CDIAL 9368). bat.t.alu porringer, plate, cup (Ka.); vat.t.il (Ta.); (pon vat.t.il pit.ittu-- : Divya. Peruma_l.. 4,3); measure of capacity (Tol. Er..ut., 170, Il.ampu_.); clepsydra; a small vessel with holes in the bottom, floating on the water and sinking at the end of a na_likai, being a contrivance for determining time; vat.t.i measure of capacity = 1 na_r..i = 1 pat.i (Tol. Er..ut. 170); basket (Akana_. 391); draught board (Ta.lex.) vat.t.u dish (Pkt.); bat.ui small water vessel (Ku.); bat.ua_ metal dish (Bi.); bat.wi_ pot (Aw.); bat.uko round copper or brass vessel (N.); va_t.uki_ cup (G.)(CDIAL 11364). Saucer: paridha_ya receptacle for water (Skt.); pariya_, para_i saucer used as a cover for other vessels (Bi.)(CDIAL 7839). Image: large earthen pot with a broad mouth: ma_n. earthen vessel for water (M.); ma_tra_ measure (RV.); matta_ measure, quantity (Pali); mat.t.u measure (Ta.)(CDIAL 10023). ma_n.ⁱ metal waterpot (G.); ma_n. broadmouthed earthen vessel (usu. for water)(M.)(CDIAL 10041). man.a skin-bag (Ash.); ma_na skin-bag for ghee (Dm.); ma_n.a skin-bag for sour milk (Gaw.); ma_n inflated skin (Bshk.); cama-mun.a_ skin-bag (Or.)(CDIAL 10044). pa_n-ai large earthen pot; a measure of capacity (Ta.); pa_n.a_ large rounded pot (Ta.); pa_na, pa_n water pot (Ma.); pa.n.y a measure = 8 ol.k (Ko.); po.ny Badaga contribution to Toda (four ol.k a house)(To.); pa_ne, ha_ne a pot of metal or earth (Ka.); ba_ne, ba_na, ba_ni large earthen pot with a broad mouth (Ka.); pa.ni a measure = two se.ri (Kod..); pa_n.i, pa_n.e a large pot (Tu.); pa_ne a kind of brass vessel (Tu.); ba_na, ba_n.a water-vessel (Tu.); ba_na a large earthen pot, boiler, kettle (Te.)(DEDR 4124). Image: a vessel: mat.al receptacle for sacred ashes and sandal (ponnin pus.kara-p-patti mat.al on-r-u : S.I.I., ii,15); shoulder blade; standing pole of a well-sweep; branch channel (Ta.lex.) bat.t.al, bat.t.alu, bat.t.ala, bat.la, bat.lu (Tadbhava of vartula) a concave metal vessel: a bowl, a cup, a basin, a goblet (Ka.); vat.t.il (Ta.); vat.t.e, vat.t.age (Ma.); bat.ud.i (Te.); vat.t.al.a a large cooking vessel, a brass pan (Ma.); vat.t.am a large water-pot (Ta.); va_t.aga a large metal dish; va_t.i_ a saucer-form vessel of metal; a half of a coconut shell; the pan of the knee; va_t.o_l.a_ round (M.)(Ka.lex.) bha_n.d.a-mukha the mouth of a vessel; bha_n.d.a, ban.d.a, bhan.d.a, bha_n.d.e any vessel, a pot, pan, cup, plate, dish, pail, vat, utensil (Ka.); bha_n.d.a-s'akala a potsherd (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Measure: ma_na measure, standard (RV); a particular measure (Pali); ma_naka measure, weight (Skt.); ma_ni_ a particular measure; a measure of capacity = 80 pa_is (L.); a weight = 12-18 maunds (P.); ma_nika_ a particular weight = 2 double handfuls; a weight = 4 dro_n.as (Pali); man.ika waterpot; man.a grain measure (Skt.); ma_n.a a particular measure (Pkt.); a measure of land, a measure of grain, a pot for such a measure (Or.); mo^u a weight = 4 maunds (K.); ma_n.u a measure of grain (S.); ma_n.o, ma_n.i wooden vessel holding 1/2 seer (N.); ma_ni central iron rod in a handmill (N.); ma_n a particular measure (A.B.); ma_n.a_ a particular measure (Or.); ma_n. boundary (G.); maninava_ to measure (Si.)(CDIAL 10041). mina_ti measures (Pali); minana measurement (Pali); minai, min.an.a id. (Pkt.); min.an. to measure (in a measure of capacity (L.); min.na_ to measure (P.); min.nu (WPah.); minuma, mimma measuring (S.); min measure (S.); minan to measure (Md.); me_n. a measure (L.); me_nun, myu_n^u to measure (K.)(CDIAL 10132). mijja-ma_n.a being measured (Pkt.)(CDIAL 10141). man maund = 52 lb. (K.); man. (L.P.N.G.M.); man.u (S.); man.a (OMarw.Or.); mon (A.); man, mon (B.); man (H.)(CDIAL 9730). ma_i, ma_ai measures (Pkt.); ma_van. pres. part. ma~_da_ to be contained in, hold, receive (L.); ma_i is contained in (OG.); ma_na_ to be contained in (H.); ma_vu~ to be comprised, hold (of a measure of capacity)(G.); ma_n.e~ to be contained in (M.)(CDIAL 10059). Cooking; eating: mat.ai cooking (Ta.); mad.a (Te.Ka.); mad.uva (Ma.); oblation of food to a deity (Ta.); mat.ai-po_t.utal to lay out rice offerings before a deity (Ta.); mat.ai-k-kalam cooking utensil (Ta.lex.) [cf. kalam vessel, plate, utensil, earthenware, ship (Ta.); pot, vessel, ship (Ma.); kalm claypot in the making (Ko.); kala pot, vessel (DEDR 1305).] mat.ai boiled rice, offering of food to a god, cooking; man.t.u (man.t.i-) to eat and drink greedily; mat.u to take food or drink, devour; cause to eat or drink, feed; mat.uppu taking food; mat.aiyan- cook (Ta.); man.d.- (man.d.y-) (calf) becomes accustomed to suckle (Ko.); mod.- (mod.y-) (buffalo) allows calf to suck (To.); mod.f ir milch buffalo (To.); mad.apali kitchen (Te.inscr.)(DEDR 4657). Kitchen: mat.u to take food or drink, devour (Ta.); mat.apali kitchen (Te.)(DEDR 4657). mat.appal.i, mat.appal.l.i, mat.aippal.i, mat.aippal.l.i cook-house, kitchen, especially of a temple (at.unti_ ma_r-a_ mat.aippal.l.i ya_ki (Kalla_. 23,37); steward of a palace; a caste of people; Rice offerings to a deity: mat.aippan.t.am rice offerings to a deity; mat.ai-nu_l art of cookery; treatise on cookery (Man.i, 2,22)(Ta.lex.)

6438.Boiled rice, food: van.t.akamu food, boiled rice (Te.); van.d.u to cook, dress, boil, prepare (Te.); van.t.a cooking, anything cooked (Te.); van.t.aka~_d.u cook (Te.); vadd (vatt-) to cook (Nk.); vend-, vend.- id. (Pa.); vand.- id. (Ga.); vanj- (vanc-) id. (Pe.); vanj- id. (Mand..); vaja (vaji-) id.; n. cooking; pl. action vaska (vaski-) (Kui); vaj- (-it-), vwajali, wajinai to cook (Kuwi)(DEDR 5329). cf. bare to be fried in oil or ghee (Kod..); var-u to be fried, grilled; to toast (Ta.); vedp- to fry (Pa.); var-a frying (Ma.); var- to cook (Kond.a); vah (vast-) to fry, roast, grill (Kuwi)(DEDR 5325). vanc- to strain off water from boiled rice (Go.); va_kkal boiled rice from which conjee has been poured (Ta.); ba_gu to pour off water from boiled rice, etc., by inclining the vessel (Ka.); ba.k- to pour off water from cooked rice (Kod..); vancu to serve from a container (Te.)(DEDR 5334). vand.i_na_, vand.a_na_ to taste (Go.); vend. id. (Pe.); vand.a id.; n. act of tasting; pl. action vat.ka (Kui); vwandali, wandinai, van.d. to taste (Kuwi)(DEDR 5240). Boiled rice; food: ond.a boiled rice; food (Kuwi); onda cooked rice; u_ndali to drink (Kuwi); o_nna_ (on.d.as) to drink, eat (rice)(Kur.); one (ond.-) to drink, be coloured (Malt.); kuning to eat, drink, bite (Br.)[X kha_in.u to eat (S.)(CDIAL 3865)]; un.ba to drink, partake of food (with e_ju a meal)(Kui); un. to drink (Pe.); to drink, suck (Ko.); to eat or drink, suck (as a child)(Ta.); to drink, suck (Ko.); mother's milk (Ka.); on.asu a meal, dinner, boiled rice and curry (Tu.); u_t.u (cattle) to drink water, etc., completely (Te.); un- (und-) to drink (Kol.); un- (und.-) to drink; u_rt- to feed, give to drink (Nk.); to drink (Ga.); und.ke pej, food (Ga.); und.a_na_ to drink; uhta_na_ to make to drink; undana to drink; uhtana to make to drink; jawa_ und.a_na_ to take food (jawa_ porridge, food); u_n.d.a_na_ to drink; u_n.d.ha_na_ to cause to drink (Go.); u_t.pis- to make to drink, feed (Kond.a); un.n.uka to suck; un.n.i suckling, infant (Ma.); u_t.pa- to give to drink (Pe.); un- (uc-) to drink, smoke; u_t.- to give to drink (Mand..); u_r.pa (u_r.t-) to cause to drink, give to drink, suckle (Kui); unnai to drink, suck (Kuwi); o_nka_ thirst; o_nta'a_na_ to give a meal, make drink (Kur.); hur.ing to suck (Br.)(DEDR 600). bat.uli_ small metal vessel (Bi.); vartula round, globular (BhP.)(CDIAL 11365). *kajjala-varta round collyrium container (Skt.); gajraut.o small pot for collyrium (N.); kajraut.i id. (N.); kajraut.a_, kajraut.i_ (Bi.); kajlaut.i_ (H.)(CDIAL 2624). kajlo_t.hi_ pot in which lamp-black is kept (P.)(CDIAL 2623). cf. kajjala lamp-black (Sus'r.)(CDIAL 2622). cf. vartaka bell-metal, brass (Skt.); vat.t.a cup (Pkt.); va_t.i_ vessel (G.M.)(CDIAL 11347). vartalo_ha a kind of brass (Skt.); vat.t.alo_ha a partic. kind of metal (Pali); valt.o_a_ metal pitcher (L.); valt.oh, balt.oh, vat.loha_, bat.loha_ (P.); bat.lohi round metal vessel (N.); bat.lahi water vessel (A.); ba_t.lahi, ba_t.ula_i round brass cooking vessel (B.); bat.lohi_ small metal vessel (Bi.); bat.lohi_, bat.loi_ brass drinking and cooking vessel (H.); vat.loi (G.)(CDIAL 11357).

6439.To fry: bhrajj fry (Skt.); bharjana act of parching or roasting (Skt.); bhrajjana id. (Skt.); bhajjan.a, bhajjan.aya id. (Pkt.); bha_zan act of frying (A.); bha_jan, bha_jna_ (B.); bha_jan., bha_jn.e~ act of parching, grain put to be parched (M.); badina-tel frying oil (Si.); beoin. wheat parched or ground (Kho.)(CDIAL 9400). ba_z to fry; ba_zulle kha_n. fry (Kon.lex.) bhaji to fry in oil (Santali.lex.) bharjita fried, parched (Sus'r.); bhajjia fried (Pkt.); aboz^u cooked in water and not fried in oil (K.); bha_zi fried vegetables (A.); bha_ji anything fried (B.Or.)(CDIAL 9401). bhrjjati fries, parches (RV.); bharjayati (Sus'r.); bhrajjayati (Gr.); bharjate_ (Dha_tup.); bhajjati fries, parches (Pali); bhajjai (Pkt.); bul.ik (Kho.); buzun (K.); bhujan.u (S.); bhujjun. (L.); bhujn.u (WPah.); bhujn.o (Ku.); bhu_jna_ (H.); bhujn.e~ (M.); bha~jn.e~ (M.); bhajje_i fries, parches (Pkt.); bazun to cook in hot ghee (K.); bha_ziba to fry, parch (A.); bha_ja_ (B.); bha_jiba_ (Or.); bha_jna_ (H.); bha_jn.e~ (M.); bha_jta_ (Konkan.i); badinava_ (Si.)(CDIAL 9583). bhujjiya fried, parched (Pkt.); bru_ja, bur.ja_o food, grain (Wg.); abuz^u not parched, raw (of grain)(K.); bhurji_, bhujji_ fried potherbs (P.); bhu_ji_ roast or parched vegetable food, vegetables (Ku.); bhuja_ parched fresh rice (N.); parched corn (B.); parched rice (Or.); bhu_ji_ burnt, dry (Mth.); bhu_ja_ parched grain (Mth.); bhu_ji_, bhujiya_ fried potherbs, greens (H.)(CDIAL 9584). bhujj^ana_ to be parched (P.); bha_jn.e~ to catch in the fire, be burnt, be singed (M.) bhr.jyate_ is fried (Nir.); bhujan.u to be fried, be parched (S.); bhujjan. to be roasted (L.)(CDIAL 9585). bhuan.u to fry, parch (S.); bhujiba_ (Or.); bhu~_ja_, bhu_jna_ parched grain (Bi.); bhu_m.jai parches (OAw.); bhum.jauna_ thing fried or parched like grain (OAw.); bhu~_jna_ to parch, fry (H.); bhu~_ja_ fried; fried mouthfuls (H.); bhu~jvu~ to roast (G.); bhr.n.a_ti fries (Skt.)(CDIAL 9586). bhr.kta roasted, fried (Skt.); bhutta_ spike of maize (H.); bhatto_sa parched grain (Pkt.)(CDIAL 9576). bhuto pp. of bhujan.u and bhuan.u (S.); bhugi_ piece of fried meat (S.); bhugir.o parched graim (S.); bhugr.e pl. (L.); bunik to parch, fry (Kho.); bhunnan. (L.); bhunnan.a_ (caus. bhuna_un.a_)(P.); bhunan.o (Ku.); bhuna_ to fry, parch; parched corn (B.); bhu_nal to parch (Bhoj.); bhu_nai (OMarw.); bhun.a_i_ wages for parching (P.); bhr.n.a_ti fries (Dha_tup.)(CDIAL 9577). Innkeeper: bhat.hia_ra_ grain-parcher, innkeeper (who lets rooms or prepares food for travellers)(P.); bat.ha_ro innkeeper (S.); bhat.hiya_ra_ innkeeper (N.); bha_t.iya_ra_ liquor-seller (B.); bhat.hiya_rinⁱ landlady; bhat.hiya_ren her husband (Aw.); bhat.hiya_ra_ innkeeper (H.); bhat.hiya_ro eating-house keeper, cook, baker (G.); bhat.a_ri_ innkeeper (M.); bhat.a_rnu to parch (grain)(N.); bhat.a_r-bhut.ur hurried cooking of rice (N.)(CDIAL 9596). cf. bhr.s.t.a fried, roasted (Gr.S'r.); bhut.n.o to parch (Ku.); oil for frying (Ku.); bhut.io~ fried (Ku.); bhut.nu to parch, fry in ghee (N.)(CDIAL 9594). bhr.s.t.i act of frying or parching (Skt.); bha_t.-bhut. frying (N.); bhut.i-bha_t.i hasty frying (N.)(CDIAL 9597). avamocana inn (Skt.lex.) cf. ve~_gincu, ve~_pu to fry, grill (Te.); bising (bisis-), bisinging to be baked, cooked, ripen (Br.)(DEDR 5517). cf. var-u (-v-, -nt-) to be fried, grilled (Ta.); vat.p- to fry (Ga.); vars- to fry (Go.); vah- (vast-) to fry (Pe.Kuwi); wah'nai to fry, broil (Kuwi)(DEDR 5325).

6440.Image: murder; torment: vatai < vadha murder (Te_va_. 965,8); affliction, torment (Tiv. Na_yc. 8,9); vatittal, vataittal to kill, murder; to torment; vatai-tal id.; vanti compulsion (Tiv. Na_yc. 9,3, Arum.); vanti-par-r-u to obtain by force (Tiv. Na_yc. 9,3) (Ta.lex.)

6441.Image: honeycomb: vatai honeycomb (Ta.lex.)

6442.Conessi bark: vattalam < vatsaka conessi bark, vet.pa_lai (Malai.)(Ta.lex.)

6443.A title: vatta-ra_yan- < vatsa-ra_ja title of certain chiefs (Ta.inscr.); vatit.-kat.ittal < + ghat. (Skt.) to assume a title or pseudonym; vatil., vatil substitute; vattavan- < vatsa king of the vatsa country (Man.i. 15,62)(Ta.lex.) cf. badla_ alternate, recompense (U.lex.)

6444.Wind; whirlwind: val.i wind, air, windy humour in the body (Ta.); breaking wind (Ma.); garuvali wind, air (Ka.); bal.i bud.- to break wind (Kod..); karuvali wind, air (Te.); vali adj. cold, chill; vali-molaka Bhi_ma (offspring of the wind-god)(Te.); val(l)i wind, air (Pa.); val, vallu id. (Ga.); war.i_sta_na_ to blow (of wind); var.i, var.i_, vari_ wind (Go.); r.oy id. (Pe.); r.iy id. (Mand..); vilu, vliu wind, air (Kui); vir.i wind (Kuwi)(DEDR 5312). ba_lai wind (Wot..); ba_la_ wind, heavy rain (Bshk.); balai wind (Tor.); ba_l (H.)(CDIAL 11497). balval, ba_rval wind (Gypsy); va_ta wind (RV.Pali.); wind as a humour of the body (Sus'r.); va_ya (Pkt.); ba_o wind, a bad cold (WPah.); bai wind (Ku.); ba_ (A.B.Or.); ba_y (B.); ba, ba_a_ (Or.); ba_e~ ba_e~ with the speed of wind (Or.); vaha, va_ wind (Si.); va_e (Md.)(CDIAL 11491). va_tam.dhama blowing out wind (Skt.); badum wind (Dm.); wa_dana (Pas'.)(CDIAL 11492). bata_s wind (Ku.N.Mth.H.); bata_h (A.); ba_ta_s (B.); bata_sa (Or.OAw.); basa_t (Mth.)(CDIAL 11493). va_taputra name of Bhi_ma and Hanuman, cheat (Skt.); wu_tri_ fairy (Ash.); wo_tri_ (Wg.); wu_tr (Kt.); w(y)aci (Pr.); varo_ti (Kal.)(CDIAL 11495). va_taman.d.ali_ whirlwind (Skt.); va_taman.d.ala, va_taman.d.alika_ whirlwind (Pali); ba_onal whirlwind (WPah.); bavam.d.ara_ whirlwind, dust-storm (OAw.); bau~d.ar whirlwind (H.)(CDIAL 11496). va_tara windy, stormy (Skt.); va_tala (Skt.); va_ra_in.u to air (S.); ba_yar originating from air (A.); va_yro wind, air, gust (G.); va_ra_, va_re~ (M.); va_ro, va_re~ (Konkan.i); va_ya_ra cool wind (Pkt.); baya_ra tempest (Or.); baya_r, baya_ra_ (H.); baya_lo wind (Ku.)(CDIAL 11497). ba_haran medicine which removes flatulence (H.)(CDIAL 11499). va_ta_li_ whirlwind (Skt.); va_ta_vali_ (Skt.); baya_ri wind (OAw.); baya_rⁱ (OAw.); ba_l (H.)(CDIAL 11500). va_tya_ gale (Skt.); being in the wind (VS.); va_ca gale, dust-storm; va_ciru stormy; va_cu_r.o whirlwind (S.); va_ca_la wind (Skt.)(CDIAL 11505). va_ti blows (RV.); va_yati (A_past.); blows, emits odour (Pali); wayi (wind) blows (Pas'.); va_vu~ (G.)(CDIAL 11501). va_tam wind, air; the ten vital airs of the body; windy humour of the body; va_tapittacu_lai an arthritic complaint from va_tapittam: a state of one's body in which the windy and the bilious humours predominate (Ta.lex.) va_tika produced by disorder of the wind, rheumatic (Sus'r.); connected with the humours of the body (Pali); va_ia id., boastful (Pkt.); va_i_ flatulent (S.); va_yr.u~ flatulent (G.); wa_y gout (K.); ba_i flatulence, mad, fit, whim (Or.); gout (Aw.); ba_yi_ rheumatism (Bhoj.); ba_i_, ba_e flatulence (H.); va_i (G.); va_i_ rheumatism (M.)(CDIAL 11502). va_tula affected by wind-disease, crazy (Skt.); va_tu_la mad (Skt.); va_ula mad (Pkt.); baula_ (P.); beurappan. insanity (WPah.); baul madness (Ku.); ba_walo, baulo mad (Ku.); baula_ha mad (N.); ba_ul, ba_ula_, baliya_ (A.); ba_ul fit of passion (B.); ba_ul.a, ba_ul.a_ mad, madness (Or.); ba_ur, baura_h mad (Mth.); ba_ura mad (OAw.); baura_ dumb (OAw.); ba_ula_, baura_, baura_ha_ mad (H.); va_ulu~ mad, hasty (G.); ba~_viro (S.)(CDIAL 11504).

6445.Flesh: va.r.- (obl. va.r.-, va.t.-) small pieces of meat for broth (of size of a mouthful)(Ko.); ba_d.u flesh (Ka.); ba_d.isu to scorch or singe by the fire as slices of dried flesh or leaves (Ka.); va_t.t.u roasted or fried flesh or vegetable (Ta.)(DEDR 5345). cf. vit.akku flesh, meat, carcass (Ta.); carcass (Ma.); bikku flesh (Ka.)(DEDR 5390). Image: lion: vat.-puli lion (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.)

6446.One-fourth: pa_i_ a measure of capacity (L.); 1/12 anna (L.S.P.H.); quarter, 1/4 anna (M.H.); one-fourth seer (P.); pa_i 1/12 anna (G.P.A.B.Or.); 1/4 anna (B.P.); pa_dika worth a quarter (Pa_n..); pa_dika_ a coin (Skt.); pa_ir.i_ 1/4 yard (S.)(CDIAL 8074).

6447.Image: tooth: vardhana a tooth growing over another tooth (Skt.lex.)

6448.Image: mystical diagram: vardhama_na a kind of mystical diagram (Skt.lex.)

6449.Clerodendrum siphonantus: vardhaka the plant clerodendrum siphonantus (Ka. Skt.) (Ka.lex.)

6450.Chenopodium album: va_stu(u_)ka chenopodium album (Car. Su. 27.88, Ci. 4.49,67). Chenopodium ambroisioides or anthelminticum: part used: the dried fruits; Uses: anthelmintic, for the round and hook worms, in the form of a 5 per cent decoction, or as the crude drug which is frequently mixed with molasses, or as the official volatile oil... odour distinct, aromatic; taste pungent and bitter. (Heber W. Youngken, Textbook of Pharmacognosy, Philadelphia, The Blakiston Co., 1950, pp. 301-302). be_l.e, be_l.i a common herb used as a potherb, chenopodium album (Ka.)(DEDR 5546). cf. pappu-ku_ra (Te.)(GMIP, p.61). cilli_ chenopodium album (Car. Su. 27.98).

6451.Image: a layer of stone: paduru a layer, stratum (Tu.); pedre a layer; hadi a layer of stone or brick in the ground (Ka.)(DEDR 3915). cf. pad.uku a stone (Te.); pan:ku id. (Kond.a)(DEDR 3890). Image: layer: par-al.ai layer, stratum; par-al.ikai id. (Ta.lex.) pattai-kat.t.utal to tie up a broken limb with splints (Ta.lex.) Image: pile of stones: patukkai pile of stones (Ain:kur-u. 362); rock (Kalla_. 6); pantar-mut.t.i ornamental pots placed one over another at a wedding pandal (Ta.lex.) Image: seat: pa_t., pa_t.a_ bench, stool, throne (B.); pa_t.a throne (Or.); seat (OAw.); pat.t.a_ board on which to sit while eating (H.); pat.alau dining stool (OG.); pa_t. bench (G.M.); pa_t.lo id. (G.)(CDIAL 7699). pat.t.am a throne; a chair or stool (Skt.lex.) Steps: pa_t.ika_ stone steps (Pali)(CDIAL 8030). Stone: pad.uku a stone (Te.); pan:ku id. (Kond.a)(DEDR 3890). ban.d.e rock, block or slab of stone (Ka.); ban.d.a id., pestle without a ferrule, a much-used or worn-out block of stone (Te.); boulder (Ga.); stone, rock, hail (Go.); ba_d.ya_ the top rock on a hill (M.)(DEDR 3903). patharu rug, mat (S.); patthara stone (Pali.Pkt.); pa_thar flat stone (Ku.)(CDIAL 8857). pathraut.i_ pavement of slates and stones (Ku.) (CDIAL 8858). prastaran.a couch, seat (Skt.); pattharan.a spreading out (Pkt.); pasterni carpet (Gypsy); pasteno_ carpet, rug (Gypsy)(CDIAL 8859). padha_rna_ to proceed, sit down, depart (H.); padha_rai comes, goes (OMarw.); padha_rvu~ to go, come, go in peace and safety (G.)(CDIAL 7768). Pedestal: pat.t.iyar-kal, pat.t.iyal, pat.t.ikai-k-kal pedestal, as of a stone pillar; pat.t.iyar-kal stone on the border of pial (Ta.lex.) Bier, bed: pat.a layer in mud walls, course of bricks (Ma.); pat.uppu, pat.appu bed, mat (Ma.); pa_d.e bier (Te.); pa_t.ai bier (Ta.)(DEDR 3852). [cf. pad.uku a stone (Te.); pan:ku id. (Kond.a)(DEDR 3890).] pat.t.at.ai a layer or course of earthwork, as in raising mud-wall (Ta.lex.) pat.t.at.ai layer or bed of olas for grain; corn-rick; enclosure of straw for grain, wattle and daub; granary (Ta.lex.) cf. mettai bed, quilt stuffed with cotton (Ta.); metta mattress, bedding (Ma.); mette id. (Ka.); mattress (Kod..); metta bed, bedding, cushion, pad (Te.)(DEDR 5069). Sail, mat, bed: patha_ri_ mattress (M.); bedding (G.); partha_r bed (G.)(CDIAL 8864). patharan.i_ bedding, mattress, bed (S.); pa_thran. bedding, cloth for sitting on (G.); prastaran.a couch, seat (Skt.)(CDIAL 8859). pa_yal bedding (Ta.); pa_y mat, sail (Ma.); pa_yi id. (Tu.); pa_y spreading, extension, mat, sail (Ta.); pa.t (pa.ty-) to spread (cloth, mat)(Ko.); pa.y mat used as seat (Ko.); pa.tveyr. sleeping mat (Ko.); pa.c id. (Ko.); po.t (po.ty-) to spread (bedding, mat)(To.); pa_su to spread (as blanket, carpet, mat, leaves, etc.), lay; n. bed (Ka.); pa_sage, pa_sike, pa_suge bed (Ka.); ha_su bed (Ka.); ha_y sail (Ka.); Beautiful seat: pase bed, layer, beautiful seat (Ka.); paje mat (Tu.); paseruni to extend, diffuse, spread (Tu.); pa_h (pa_st-) to spread out (mat, etc.)(Pe.Mand..); to spread (Kuwi); pa_spa (pa_st-) to spread out, lay a cloth; n. act of spreading out something (Kui); passali to spread out (clothes)(Kuwi); pase bed (Ka.); pa_yi mat, sail (Tu.)(DEDR 4088). Sill; stair: pat.i step, stair, rung of a ladder, stirrup, grade, rank, sill (Ta.); step, stair, threshold, bench, sill (Ma.); par.ykat. steps leading to the veranda, step of ladder (Ko.); pad.i stirrup (Ka.); pad.i-kat.t.u a stair or step (Te.)(DEDR 3850). pa_dha_rai steps (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7768). padya_ footsteps (RV.); pajja_ flight of steps, road (Pkt.); paz, pac step of stone staricase (Sh.)(CDIAL 7778). aj footprint (Ko.); oj step (To.); pajje, pejje, hejje, hajje footprint, footstep, trace, stride (Ka.); aje, haje footprint, track, trace (Tu.); ajja foot, footprint; anja id., step, stride (Te.); pajja path (Pali)(DEDR App.6). For semant. 'threshold' cf.: pratiha_ra, padiha_r-a, pad.iyar-a, prati_ha_ra a door; a gate; a door-keeper, a porter; pad.i a door-joining; the leaf or panel of a door (Ka.); pat.i a sill of a door or window (Ta.Ma.); pad.i a door; pad.ider-e to open a door (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Place; footsteps: padavi_ place (RV.); footsteps, way (MBh.); place (R.)(CDIAL 7764).

6452.Image: warrior: bat.a, ban.t.a (Tadbhava of bhat.a) a brave warrior (Ka.); ban.d.a_ya quarrelling, revolt (Ka.); bhan.d.a_i_ (M.)(Ka.lex.) ban.d.an.a (Tadbhava of bhan.d.ana) a battle; war (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) ban.t.u-tana valour, heroism, bravery (Ka.Te.); ban.t.ava_l.a name of a place in the Tul.u country (Ka.); van.t.a_la the contest of heroes (Skt.)(Ka.lex.) ban.t.a, bat.a, ban.t.u (Tadbhava of bhat.a) a warrior, a soldier; a hero, a valiant man (Ka.); ban.t.u (Te.); van.t.an- (Ta.); ban.t.a the farmer-caste of the Tul.u country, corresponding to that of the Na_yas of Malabar (Ka.); ban.d.a (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) bhr.ta carried, brought (MBh.); hired, paid (Mn.); hireling, mercenary (Ya_j.com.); bhr.taka hired servant (Mn.); bhad.a soldier (Pkt.); bhad.aa member of a non-Aryan tribe (Pkt.); bhat.a hired soldier, servant (MBh.); hireling, servant, soldier (Pali); hired servant (As'.); bhar. hero, brave man; adj. mighty (Ku.); soldier, servant, nom. prop. (B.); warrior, hero, opulent person (G.); adj. strong, opulent (G.); bhar.il hero, servant (B.); bel.e_ soldier (Si.)(CDIAL 9588). Army: pad.e a multitude, a host, a force, an army (Ka.); pat.ai (Ta.); General: pad.eval.a, pad.eval.l.a a general; pad.eyila a soldier; pad.e an originating, i.e. principal, great man (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Warrior: pat.ai-k-ko_lam warlike costume or accoutrements; pat.ai battle, contest, war, engagement; forces for the defence of a kingdom, of six kinds, viz., mu_la-p-pat.ai, ku_li-p-pat.ai, na_t.t.u-p-pat.ai, ka_t.t.u-p-pat.ai, tun.ai-p-pat.ai, pakai-p-pat.ai (Kur-al., 762, Urai)(Ta.lex.) bha_thi_ warrior (G.)(CDIAL 9424). bal.a_m warfare (Si.)(CDIAL 9589). bhar.au song about the prowess of ancient heroes (Ku.)(CDIAL 9590). Army; spy: pa_t.i army, troop; armour, coat of mail; spy; pa_t.i-ka_ppa_r village watchmen; those responsible for the safety of property in a village; pa_t.i-ka_val system of watch in a village; (inscr.) village watchman; contribution for village watching (S.I.I. i,89); punishment enforced by a tribunal; safe custody or detention; pa_t.i-vi_t.u military camp (Kampara_. Vipi_t.an.a. 151)(Ta.lex.) pat.ukal.am battle-field (Ta.Ma.)(Ta.lex.) Mercenary force: pat.ippat.ai mercenary force (Perun.. Makata. 24,39); pat.ilan- warrior; servant; piratikkirakam rear of an army (Kur-al., 767, At.ikkur-ippu)(Ta.lex.) Soldier, general: pad.eyila soldier (Ka.); pad.eval.a, pad.eval.l.a a general (Ka.); pad.ava_lu commander of an army (Te.)(DEDR 3860). pat.ai-y-a_t.ci soldier, warrior; acts of bravery, as of a soldier (Tiruva_ca. 49,1); title of the van-n-iyar, caval.aikka_rar, etc.; pat.ai-y-a_l. soldier (Tiruva_lava_. 39,4); pad.eval.a, pad.eilla id. (Ka.); pat.ai-y-a_l.an- id. (Patir-r-up. 13,21, Urai); pat.ai-y-ila_r- mur-aimai a kind of tax (S.I.I. ii,115)(Ta.lex.) Army; weapons: pat.ai weapons, army, battle, crowd (Ta..); pat.a army, battle (Ma.); pad.e army, force, multitude (Ka.Tu.); pad.ava fight, battle (Te.); pad.avalamu van of an army (Te.) (DEDR 3860). pat.ai army (pat.aiyiyan. karavam)(Tol. Po. 58); forces for the defence of a kingdom of six kinds: mu_la-p-pat.ai, ku_li-p-pat.ai, na_t.t.u-p-pat.ai, ka_t.t.u-p-pat.ai, tun.ai-p-pat.ai, pakai-p-pat.ai (Kur-al., 762, Urai); weapons, arms of any kind (Kur-al.,828); a sledge-like weapon, used in war; ploughshare; battle, contest, war, engagement; pat.aikkarttar commander of an army (Tiruppu. 2); pat.aikkalattor..il the art of handling weapons of war (Pur-ana_. 72, Urai); pat.aikkalam weapons, arms (Tiruvil.ai. An:kam. 12); missile; steel; pat.ai-ku_t.t.u to raise an army; pat.aiccan-am soldiers, troops; pat.aicca_ttu collection of armies (Tiruva_lava_. 39,20); pat.ai- c-ca_r-r-u to challenge to battle; pat.aicey to carry on war (Kalla_. 23,26); pat.aijar soldiers (Pu. Ve. 5,6, Kol.u); pat.ai-c- cerukku high spirits of soldiers, military ardour (Kur-al.. Ati. 78); pat.ai-t- talai-t-teyvam a sea-god worshipped by fishermen of the Pat.t.an.avar caste before setting out on a fishing expedition; pat.ai-t-talaivan- captain, commander, leader of troops; pat.ai-t-tun.ai aid in battle; ally in war (Pa_rata. Va_cute_van-. 6); pat.ainar soldiers (Perun.. Ila_van.a. 2,32); pat.ainilai barracks (Patir-r-up. 13,21, Urai); pat.aippar-r-u military station (Ta.inscr.); pat.aimat.am violation of the laws of war, such as attacking those who flee, slaying the wounded, etc. (Pur-ana_.142); pat.ai-mukam front or van of an army; pat.ai-y-an.i a kind of dance with torch-light in hand; pat.aiyar those who maintain armies (Ta.); pad.aiya id. (Ka.); pat.aiya_cci, pat.aiya_t.ci soldier, warrior; acts of bravery, as of a soldier (Tiruva_ca. 49,1); title of the Van-n-iyar, Caval.aikka_rar; pat.aiyur-ai sheath, as of a sword; pat.ai-y-et.u to invade, lead a military expedition; pat.ai-vakuppu military array of four kinds: tan.t.am, man.t.alam, acan:katam, po_kam (Kur-al.. 767, Urai); pat.ai-var..akku a minor theme which describes a king as presenting weapons to soldiers of equal rank (Pu. Ve. 4,4); pat.aivi_t.u encampment, soldier's quarters in an encampment; capital; armoury, arsenal, magazine; the six shrines of Skanda; pat.aivi_ran- warrior, soldier (Kampara_. Ta_n-aika_n.. 29)(Ta.lex.) Footsoldier: padga footsoldier (Skt.); afoot (Skt.); pag foot (Kal.); pon.(g) foot, leg, bottom end (Kho.); pag foot (P.M.); pagu foot (OAw.); pag foot, footstep (H.); paga (OMarw.OG.); pa_g foot, leg (G.); pagalaum. footstep (OG.); pa_gr.u~ stirrup (G.); pagd.a_ foot (M.)(CDIAL 7766). padya relating to a foot (RV.); pa_dya (S'Br.); pajja oil or salve for the feet (Pali); water for washing the feet (Pkt.); pa_ji_ foot-soldier, guard, watchman (H.)(CDIAL 7776).

6453.Image: small grove: pu_t.u, pu_n.t.u small plant, herb; pu_n.t.i shrubbery, garden (Ta.); purn.d. a thorny bush; pun.d. bush, thicket; pu_n.d.elu a thicket, clump, as of bamboos (Tu.)(DEDR 4360). pa_d.i an underwood, a small forest (Tu.); ha_d.i a small grove (Ka.)(DEDR 4063). Image: bush: patr.a_ bushes, thicket (Kur.); padaval a bush (Ta.Tinn.); putai thick part of a jungle; putal, putar bush, low jungle, grass (Ta.); potumpar thick grove (Tirukko_. 39); park, pleasure garden (Perumpa_n.. 374); grove (Can.. Aka.); potumpu grove (Akana_. 18); shrubby jungle (Ci_vaka. 3042); potai bush (Ta.); ponta thicket overgrown with grass (Ma.); pot bush (Ko.); pode bush; podar bush, thicket, thick tuft of trees; hotte a bush; pude thatch, bush, thicket (Ka.); pudelu bush, shrub (Tu.); poda, podaru bush, thicket, shrub; podarillu bower, arbour (Te.); potke bush; podela, padla, podla id., shrub; podde_la_ id. (Go.)(DEDR 4509). Images: bush; creeper: bad.d.u a thick or strong creeper or rope, cable (Te.); creeper (Ga.)(DEDR 3882). pat.al clump of bushes (Ma.); pat.ar thick bush (esp. of creepers); to spread (as a creeper); pat.arcci, pat.artti creeping (as a vine)(Ta.); pat.a_r low bush, low thicket of creepers (Ta.); pat.alai spreading, expanding (Ta.); pat.aruka to spread (as plants, fire, odour), creep, climb; pat.arcca climbing of vine, diffusion (Ma.); pat.arppu, pat.appu bush, thicket; pat.alam a spreading over, cover, mass (Ma.); pad.aruni, pad.apuni to creep (Tu.)(DEDR 3844). Image: creeper: pat.arpayir climber, creeper, as a spreading plant (Kur-r-a_. Tala. Mantama_. 34); pat.arkot.i any kind of running plant; pat.artal to spread, as a creeper; pat.alai-ma_lai garland of green leaves and flowers (Ci_vaka. 483)(Ta.lex.) pa_t.ha_ the creeper clypea hernandifolia (SKt.); pa_d.ha_ a kind of creeper (Pkt.); pa_r.i_ an autumnal wild creeper (leaves are used to heal wounds)(Ku.); pa_r.h clypea hernandifolia (H.)(CDIAL 8038). Bunch: pat.alai a bunch of fruits (Ta.); pat.u cluster, bunch of flowers or fruits (Ta.); pat.ala a cluster or comb of plantains (Ma.)(DEDR 3846). Image: bush: pattrala leafy (Skt.); pattali_-karo_ti beats into thin leaves (Skt.); pa_trat.a thin (Skt.); pattala leafy; n. leaf, leaves (Pkt.); patul^u mat made of pieces of wood and reeds (K.); pattal leaf-platter (P.); pa_tal leaf-platter (G.); bush (Ku.); thick clump of bushes (N.); pa_tale growing in clumps; pa_tale sisnu the wild nettle (N.); pa_tlo plate of leaves sewn together (Ku.)(CDIAL 7736). pat.a_r low bush, low thicket of creepers (Mullaip. 51)(Ta.lex.) Image: bush: patukkai thicket, bushes, low jungle (Tacaiva_. 363)(Ta.lex.) putar, putal bush, thicket, low jungle (Kur-al., 274); poda (Te.); podaru (Ka.Te.); putal medicinal shrub (Tiva_.)(Ta.lex.) putavam Bermuda grass, ar-uku (Pat.t.in-ap. 243); putavu id. (Malaipat.u. 449) (Ta.lex.)

6454.Leaf: pattraka leaf (esp. of laurus cassia)(Bhpr.); pat^ar, pat^ur^u leaf (esp. of cinnamomum albiforum)(K.); patra_ c. albiforum (P.)(CDIAL 7734). pattrala leafy; leaflike, thin (Skt.); pattala leafy; leaf, leaves (Pkt.); patul^u mat made of pieces of wood and reeds (K.); pattal leaf-platter (P.)(CDIAL 7736). Palm branch: mat.t.ai leaf-stalk of a fern or palm (Ta.); mat.al flat leaf of palm, jagged stem of a palmyra leaf, horse of palmyra stems on which a thwarted lover mounts to proclaim his grief and win his love (Ta.); mat.t.a, mat.t.al palm branch; mat.al palm bough, cadjan, palm-leaf (Ma.); mat.t.e, mot.t.e bough of the palm (Ka.); mad.alu palm branch (Tu.); mat.t.a branch or bough of any palm tree, a young palm tree (Te.); spathe of palm tree (Ga.)(DEDR 4663). Image: shoot from a tree: patar.ak a shoot from a tree, applied mainly to a shoot from a sarjom tree, split up in the middle; sahan patarak a piece of a thin branch split for firewood; patar.agok to spring or sprout as a shoot; sarjom patar.ak a shoot from a sarjom tree (Santali.lex.) patrin.i_ a sprout, shoot (Skt.lex.) mat.al sheath, as of Indian corn, plantain flower, etc. (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Image: sapling: pativu sapling, layer of a plant; patittal to plant a shoot, runner or creeper; pati sapling for transplantation; patiyam sapling or cluster of saplings planted; layer or runner inserted; slip, shoot, graft; patiyari saplings for transplanting (Ta.lex.)

6455.Image: leaf: pattra wing-feather (VS.); leaf, petal (Ka_tyS'r.); leaf of book (Skt.); patta wing, feather, leaf (Pali); patti_, pattika_ leaf (Pali); patta, pattaya, pattia_ wing, leaf, page (Pkt.); patri, patrin leaf (Gypsy); s'a_pa_tr butterfly (Pas'.)[cf. patan:g butterfly (Wot..)(CDIAL 7721)]; pat leaf (Bshk.); path^ar, patras (K.); pa_s. (Tor.); Goods and chattels: chilu-pat.ru goods and chattels (S.); pattar leaf, foliage; pattra_ palm-leaf fibre (L.); patra_ page (L.); patri_ leaf (L.); pattar, patra_ leaf (L.); patt, pattra_, patta_ leaf (P.); pattri_, patti_ leaf, almanac (P.); pat.i_, pat.lo~ leaf (WPah.); pa_t leaf, leaves and grass (Ku.); pa_to horoscope, metal plate used to repair something broken (Ku.); pa_ti_ leaves, letter (Ku.); pa_t leaf (N.A.B.H.); thin metal plate (H.); pa_ti leaf, flowers used in worship (N.); pa_ta_ leaf, blade (B.); Pinnate-shaped leaf: pinnate-shaped leaf (M.); pa_t, patta_ leaf, page, epistle (Mth.); pa_t, patai_ leaf (Bhoj.); pa_ta_, pa_ti_ (Aw.); pa_ta_, patta_ leaf (H.); pa_ti_, patti_ leaf, epistle, clue (H.); pa_tru~, pa_tu~ leaf (G.); pa_tri_ packet of leaves and flowers (G.); pa_te~ leaf, blade (M.); pa_ti_ narrow leaf (M.); fat, fai leaf (Md.); pet.ege_ feather; wet.ege letter paper (Pr.); phat. leaf (Dm.); pat.a_, pu_t., pad.d.ak, pha_t.ak (Pas'.); pat.t.a (Shum.); par. (Wot..); phat.a (Gaw.); pat.u a long leaf (Sh.); pot., pat.a (D..); pa_t.u, pat.u, pat.hu, pat.he leaf (Sh.); pata wing, feather, leaf (Si.)(CDIAL 7733).

6456.Measure: pat.i a weight (= 100 palam); measure (esp. of rice)(Ma.); par.y a measure (ol.k); quantity of food that one person eats at a meal (Ko.); pad.i measure of capacity (= one-half seer)(Ka.); a small weight (Tu.); a measure of capacity (= 1 1/2 seer)(Te.)(DEDR 3849). pat.i (Ta.Ma.) weight for scales; subsistence money; low platform for conducting ceremonies; verandah; reservoir of water; pad.i id. (Te.Tu.Ka.)(Ta.lex.) pat.i-k-kat.t.u steps, stairs of masonry; weights, weighing stones or stamped weights (Te. pad.ikat.t.u); pat.i-maravai a wooden vessel in which weights are kept by merchants (Ta.lex.)

6457.Image: door: pit.al, pat.al door (Perun.. Ucaik. 49,3)(Ta.lex.) Shutter: pat.al small shutter of braided palm leaves or thorns (Tiv. Periyati. 4,4,3); a kind of hurdle or wattled frame for sheltering cattle; a kind of tatty against sun, rain or wind, used in a shed, bazaar or hovel, or before a shop; pat.alam canopy (Perun.. Ucaik. 57,52)(Ta.lex.) pat.ala cover, veil (BhP.)(CDIAL 7693). par.a_l.slope of a roof (G.)(CDIAL 7695). pat.a_m cloth (Pur-ana_. 141); curtain, screen (Ta.lex.) Image: gate: cf. puta door, gate (Ta.)(DEDR 4274). cf. pol.ⁱ street (G.)(CDIAL 8633). Gate; sluice: putavu door (Patir-r-up. 16,5); entrance, gate (Perumpa_n.. 52); sluice (Akana_. 237); small door within a larger one, wicket (Cu_t.a_.); puta_ door (Ci_vaka. 1549); putavam gate (Cilap. 11,119)(Ta.lex.) puta_na_r..i an ancient tax (S.I.I ii, 521); puta_r..i id. (S.I.I. ii,509)(Ta.lex.) pat.al, pat.alai hurdle or wattled frame for sheltering cattle; small shutter of braided palm leaves or thorns (Ta.); od.y door (To.); pad.i leaf of panel of a door, a door (Ka.); a thrashing frame, a door or shutter made of slips of bamboos tied together (Tu.); pad.i leaf or panel of a door, a door (Ka.); door (Kod..); a door or shutter made of slips of bamboos tied together (Tu.); pat.al small shutter of braided palm leaves or thorns (Ta.)(DEDR 3845). pha_t.ak gate (P.N.); prison (A.); phat.ak gate (A.); pha_t.ak gate, prison (B.); gate (Bi.H.M.); phat.kiyu~ ba_rn.u~ a single shutter to close a door (G.); pha_kat., phat.ka_ gate (of a village, etc.)(M.)(CDIAL 9069). bar.da bamboo door (Pa.); burda balla door post (Kuwi)(DEDR 4009). Doorkeeper: pratiha_ra a closure (Skt.); door (in cmpd.)(BhP.); prati_ha_ra conclusion (of Sa_man)(AV.); door (Skt.); pratiha_ra doorkeeper (R.); pad.iha_ra doorkeeper (Pkt.); pad.iha_ri_ (OB.); par.hia_ri_ (Or.); pad.hiya_r a caste of labourers (G.)(CDIAL 8618). par.icha_ attendant, courtier (MB.)(CDIAL 8619). Gate: pada_r gate of a village, confines of a village, uncultivated land near a village (G.); padda site of a village, small village (Pkt.); padra village, road in a village (Skt.)(CDIAL 7780). pat.ika_ran- gate-keeper (Kampara_. Pal.l.i. 1); pat.ikar gatekeepers (Ta.lex.) Entrance: pratipad entrance (VS.); beginning (TS.); first day of lunar fortnight (AgP.); pat.ipada_ entrance (Pali); first day of lunar fortnight (As'.); pad.ivaya_ (Pkt.); par.va_, parva_ (P.); par.yawa_, par.ya_w (Ku.); par.ib, par.iba_ (Mth.); parewa_ (N.); pare_wa_ (Aw.); par.iwa_, par.wa_, pari~_wa_ (H.); par.vo (G.)(CDIAL 8570). pradva_r place before a gate (MBh.); padva_ra (Pali); pradva_ra (R.); pauri gatepost (OAw.)(CDIAL 8666). prave_s'a entrance (MBh.); pave_sa entrance (Pali.Pkt.); pe_s' ceremony of entering a house (Ku.); paisa entrance (Or.); pavesa (OG.); pivisa entering, approach (Si.)(CDIAL 8809). pratipadyate_ sets foot on, enters (VS.); pp. pratipanna (Yaj.); pat.ipajjati enters upon, follows out (a plan)(Pali); paijna_ to enter; paij entrance (H.)(CDIAL 8571). pravis'ati enters (RV.); pravis.t.a entered (RV.); invested (of money)(Ya_j.); pavisati enters (Pali); pravis'i (Skt.); pavisai, paisai (Pkt.); pes- (Gypsy); pehan.u, pihan.u (S.); pehan. (L.); pasnu (N.); pahiba, paxiba (A.); pasa_ (B.); pasiba_ (Or.); paise (MB.); paisab (Mth.); paisal (Bhoj.); paisna_ (H.); paisai (OG.); pesvu~ (G.); pivisenava_ (Si.); paisijjai pass. (Pkt.); pausi_n.o to enter, penetrate (Ku.); piha_ran.u to cause to enter(S.); paisa_r entrance (H.); pavit.t.ha entered (Pali); road (Pkt.); pait.t.ha road (Pkt.); pravit.ha (NiDoc.); pet.ho entered; pp. of pehan.u (S.); pait.han.o to enter into, begin (Ku.); pait.ha_ entered (OB.); pait.hab to enter (Mth.); pait.hal (Bhoj.); pait.ha, pp. paithai pres. (OAw.); pait.hna_ (H.); pethu~ pp. (G.); pait.ha_ entrance (M.); pivit.u entered; entrance, arrival (Si.)(CDIAL 8803).

6458.Bull: pa_n.t.i, pa_n.t.iyam bull (Paripa_. 20,17, Kur-ippu.); (cecuvar-pa_n.t.iyam : Perun.. Ucaik. 38,32); pa_n.t.il bull (Ci_vaka. 2054); pa_n.t.iyam agriculture, ploughing (Kalit. 136); taurus of the zodiac (Ta.lex.) pad.d.ika calf (Skt.)(CDIAL 8042). Image: male calf not yet broken to the plough: ba~_r.a_ a tailless or docked animal (H.); ban.d.ha_ bullock with a broken tail (Bi.); ba~_r. id. (Bi.); tailless, docked (H.)(CDIAL 9124). Cropped, tailless: ban.d.a maimed (in hands, feet or tail)(AV.); ba~_r.iya_, be~r.e tailless (B.); ba~_r. tailless (H.); ba~_r.a_ a tailless or docked animal (H.); ba~_d.u~ tailless; ba~_d.iyo contemptuous term for a Moslem (because circumcised) (G.); ba~_d. shrunken or diminished from blight, coarse (of cloth), m. stalk of blasted corn (M.); ban.d.a_ bullock with a broken tail (Bi.)(CDIAL 9124). kha~ra_ cropped, tailless (A.)(CDIAL 3792).

6459.Image: monkey: ba~_dar, ba~_dhar monkey (N.); ba~_dar (WPah.B.); ba~_dri_ (L.); ba_ndar (P.); ba_ndara (Or.); ba~_dar (OAw.H.); ba~_dra_, ba~_dri_ (H.); ba~_dro (Marw.); va~_dar, va~_dro, va~_dri_, va~_dru~ (G.); va~_dar (M.); va_m.dar (Konkan.i); vandura_, vanduri_, vandiri (Si.); banur (Gypsy); va_nara (Mn.Pali.Pkt.)[der. vanar- in cmpd. 'forest' (RV.)]; vandur (Sh.); wa~_dur, wa_nur (K.); va_naru (S.); ba_nar (WPah.N.Ku.Bi.Mth.); ba_nara (OAw.)(CDIAL 11515). va_n-aram ape, monkey (Ci_vaka. 1168); va_nara-makal. female monkey (Kampara_. Tirumut.i. 7); celestial damsel (Ir-ai. 2, Urai, Pak. 32); va_n-ar celestials (Tirukko_. 155)(Ta.lex.) manti black-faced monkey (Ma.); monkey in general; female monkey (Ta.)(Tol. Po. 622, Urai)(DEDR 4698). cf. manu_a_ monkey (P.)(CDIAL 9825).

6460.Image: half-grown tiger-cub: pa~_d.a_, pa~_d.ya_ half-grown tiger-cub (M.)(CDIAL 7717). pun.d.ari_ka a tiger, camu_ra, huli (Ka.lex.)

6461.White chalky soil: pa~_d.ri_ white chalky soil (H.); pa~_d.har white soil (M.)(CDIAL 8047). pa~_d.u_ white clay mixed with water and used by children for writing on wooden tablets (P.)(CDIAL 8051). pnra, prna lime, white, snow (Gypsy)(CDIAL 8047). pa_n.d.ara whitish-yellow, yellow, pale, white (S'Br.); pa_n.d.ura (R.); pan.d.ara white, pale, yellowish (Pali); pam.d.ara white (Pkt.); parna white (Tir.); pan.ar, pana (Bshk.); panaro (Chil.); panara (Mai.); para~r.o (Sv.); pan.a_ru (Phal.); phan.e_ri (pan.e_ri) white of the eye (Phal.); pa_n.d.ara_ yellowish-white, grey; pan.d.ara_ white (Or.); pa~_d.ra_ species of sugarcane (H.); pand.ara, pand.uru whitish, yellow, white lotus (Si.); pam.d.ura, pam.d.uraya, pam.d.uria white (Pkt.); pa_n.d.ura_ (Or.); pa~_d.hra_ white; pa~_d.hurka_ whitish (M.)(CDIAL 8047). Yellowish: pan.d.u pale-red or yellow, reddish, light yellow, grey; thin, pale and colourless; pa_n.d.u, palita, pa_tala pale-red (RV.); palleo to be pale; pullus grey (Lat.); patvas pale-yellow; pilkas grey (Lith.); falo pale, yellowish, withered (OHG.); pale (English)(Pali.lex.) pa_n.t.u whiteness, paleness; jaundice; anaemia; pa_n.t.uram whiteness, paleness; jaundice; pa_n.t.al rancidity, mustiness, fetidness, mouldiness; staleness; pa_n.t.aram id.; pa_n.t.ai bad smell, as of rotten fish (Ta.lex.) pa_n.d.ara whitish-yellow, yellow, pale, white (S'Br.)(CDIAL 8047). pr~a~_se grey (Wg.)(CDIAL 8050). pa_n.d.u white, yellowish, pale (S'Br.); pan.d.u yellowish, reddish (Pali); pam.d.u whitish yellow, white (Pkt.); parno white; par.no, pa_rni chalk (Gypsy); pan.d.u yellowish, brown (Or.); pan.d.ua_ ka_bata_ a kind of big dove; pan.d.ia_ grey (Or.); pand.u whitish, yellow (Si.); pam.d.ullaiya white (Pkt.); pand.ili white, whiteness (Si.); pd.ili white (Si.); pron^u white, pure, clean (K.); pranun to become white (K.); pad.d.a white (Pkt.)(CDIAL 8051). pun.d.ari (in cmpd.) lotus (TS.); hibiscus mutabilis; pun.d.a_ri_yaka its flowers (Skt.); pun.d.araya a medicinal plant for sore eyes (Skt.); pu~d.d.ri_, pu~d.ariya_ a medicinal plant the juice of which is used for diseased eyes; panir.i_ id. (H.)(CDIAL 8257). pun.d.ari_ka white lotus flower (RV.Pali); pum.d.ari_a, pum.d.ariya, pom.d.ari_a, pom.d.ariya (Pkt.); pand.era, pand.uru id. (Si.)(CDIAL 8258). pund.ra pale; (white) lotus flower, (red variety of) sugarcane (Skt.); paun.d.ra straw-coloured sugarcane (Sus'r.)[perh. hypersk. of pun.d.a sectarian mark]; pum.d.a white (Pkt.); a kind of sugarcane (Pkt.); pu_t.u, pu_t.i red (Pr.); pu_t.u rainbow (Pr.); pud. red (Kt.); pun.d.ar white (P.); pu~r.i ga_i a partic. kind of red cow (N.); pu~r. sugarcane; pu~r.i a red variety of sugarcane (B.); mikir-pura_ a variety of sugarcane (A.)[Mikir are a hill tribe in Assam]; pu~d.a_ white (of cattle); pud.a_, pu~d.a_ u_s, pu~d.ya_ a variety of sugarcane (M.); pom.d.a white; a variety of sugarcane (Pkt.); pon.d.a_, ponna_, pona_ (P.); po~d.a_, po~d.a_ u_s (M.); pau~r.o (Ku.); pau~d.a_ straw-coloured or red variety of sugarcane (H.)(CDIAL 8259). par..u become pale or yellowish (as the body by disease); ripeness, yellowness (of fruits), leaf turned yellow with age; par..uppu id. (Ta.); par.n (hair) to become grey (Ta.); pand. id. (Go.); (leaf) to become yellow (Go.); band. (leaves) to turn yellow (Go.); bhand.a_na_, bha_nd.a_na_ to wither (leaf)(Go.); pan.d.- (hair) to become grey; to ripen (Kond.a)(DEDR 4004). pun.d.ra name of a people (AitBr.); pun.d.raka (Mn.)[orig. 'light-skinned']; pu~r.i name of a caste (B.)(CDIAL 8260). cf. phalguna reddish (TS.)(CDIAL 9065).

6462.Festival: pand.om holiday; bandum festival, a first-fruit or new-eating ceremony (Go.); pan.d.oy festival (Kond.a); pan.t.ikai festival (Ta.); pan.t.ika id. (Ma.); pan.d.uga id. (Te.)(DEDR 3899). For semant. 'fruit' cf. Produce; crop: pan.t.a a crop; year (Kond.a); produce, crop, fruit, ripening (Te.); pan. to be produced (ripe fruit); n. (also pan.n.u) ripe fruit, ripeness (Ka.); pan.t.am fruit (Ta.); pan.d.u to yield, produce; adj. ripe, mature (Te.); pand.ud. ripe fruit (Kol.); pand. to become ripe (Nk.); pan.r.tal, pand.ta ripe; pand.(i) ripe fruit (Go.); pan.d. to ripen (Kond.a); pan.d.is to cause a crop to grow (Kond.a); pan.d.u (pl. pat.ku), par.u fruit (Kond.a); par. (pl. -ku) id. (Pe.); par. (pl. -ke) id. (Mand.); pand.u ripe fruit; pa_r.ey (pl. -ke), pa_r.eyi, pa_r.esi fruit (Kuwi); pa~_nna_ (paja_) to ripen, (boil) festers, have a yellowish appearance (as after a prolonged illness)J(Kur.); pajka_ fruits (Kur.); pne to ripen; pntre to ripen; teach manners; panjek, panjeke ripe (Malt.); phala fruit; phalati to bear or produce fruit; ripen (Skt.)(DEDR 4004).

6463.Snake: pa_ntal. snake, mountain snake (Ta.Ma.)(DEDR 4082). Snake; hood: pat.am cobra's hood (Tiruva_ca. 34,1)(Ta.lex.) phat.a expanded hood of snake (MBh.); phut.a, phut.a_, sphut.a, sphut.a_ (Skt.); phud.a_ (Pkt.); sphat.a, sphat.a_, spho_t.a_ (Skt.); phad.a, phad.a_ snake's hood (Pkt.); phad.a_, phad.i_ (M.); phet., phe~t. (A.)(CDIAL 9040). phan.a expanded hood of snake (esp. of cobra)(MBh.Pali.Pkt.); phan.a_ id. (Pkt.); pan.-s'i_ big snake (+ s'ai head)(Wg.); phan expanded hood of snake (K.); phan.i (S.); phan. (L.P.Ku.M.); phan.u, phan (P.); fan. (WPah.); phan.i (Ku.); phani (N.); phana_ (A.); phan (B.Bhoj.H.); phana_ (B.Mth.H.); phan.a~_ (Or.); phen. (G.); phan.i_ (G.M.); pan.a, pen.a (Si.); phan.i shoulder blade (S.)[cf. mat.t.ai shoulderblade (Ta.)(DEDR 4663)]; phani_ wedge (H.); phan.o fore part of foot (G.); phena_ expanded hood of snake (A.); phen.a_ (Or.)(CDIAL 9042). phan.in hooded (of snake, esp. cobra)(Skt.); phan.i snake (Pkt.); phan.i_ flat-headed (of snake)(P.); hooded (Or.); snake (Or.G.); phani_ snake (A.); hooded (H.); pan.iya (Si.)(CDIAL 9046). phan.akara, phan.a_kara, phan.adhara, phan.a_dhara cobra (Skt.); phaniar (L.); phanyar (P.); fana_'r (WPah.)(CDIAL 9043). patam cobra's hood (Ta.); pat.am id. (Ma.); ped.e, pad.aga (Ka.); par.ge, bar.ak, bar.ki, bir.ki hood of serpent (Go.)(DEDR App.47).

6464.Image: double-headed barrel drum: pa_n.t.ikam a kind of drum (Ta.lex.) Image:drummer: vet.t.iya_r-par-aiyar a sub-division of the Par-aiyas, who act as drummers on certain ceremonial occasions (M.M. 655); vet.t.i, vet.t.iya_n- a village menial servant (C.G.)(Ta.); vet.t.i-va_d.u (Te.); vet.t.imai service of a vet.t.iya_n-, one who cremates corpses (Ta.lex.) pat.t.am a kind of drum (Aka. Ni.)(Ta.lex.) pat.akam drum of the akamur..avu class (Cilap. 3,27, Urai); small drum, tabor (Kalla_. 8); kettle drum, war drum (Kantapu. Uyattaka_. Mutan-a_t.. 53)(Ta.lex.) pat.aha kettle-drum (MBh.)[< Munda or Drav.]; drum (Pali); pahat.a < prahr.a struck; pad.aha drum (Pkt.); proclamation by beat of drum (OG.); par.a_ (B.); pad.ahau drum (OG.); par.o drum (G.); par.i_ proclamation (G.); pal.ahaya drum (Si.)(CDIAL 7696). pan.ai drum, large drum (Ta.); pan.e, pan.a small drum or tabor (Ka.); pan.ava id. (Skt.)(DEDR 3893)(CDIAL 7716). pan.ava drum (MBh.); small drum (Pali.Pkt.); pan.a_ (Si.)(CDIAL 7716). par-aiyan member of the Par.aiya caste (Ta.); par-ayan a Pariah (Ma.)(DEDR 4032). par-ai drum, a measure of capacity (Ta.); Disk, circle: par-a drum, muracu; a rice measure, disk, circle (Ma.); par drum (Ko.); par. drum (To.); par-e id. (Ka.); pare drum (large, double-headed barrel drum beaten by Me.de)(Kod..); par-r-a a measure of capacity (Te.); para, parra, par(r)ay drum (Go.); phara_ small drum (Go.)(DEDR 4032). {5 mara-k-ka_l = one par-r-a or par-r-ai [Cilap. 14,208.] [10 id.anga_r..i = one par-r-a; 20 id.anga_r..i = one podhi (Ma.); cf. MIAI, p.83, 169.]} par-ai word, statement (Ta.); par-aivu proclaiming (Ta.); bargi order, command (Kui)(DEDR 4031). Measure: patakku a measure of capacity = 2 kur.un.i (Tol. Er..ut. 239); patakam (? pat.a_kai) an administrative unit in the Tanjore district, made up of a number of villages, formed during the Maharatta rule (Ta.lex.)

6465.Bowl: pa_n.t.il circle; small bowl or cup (Pur-ana_. 97); circular piece of hide used in making a shield (Patir-r-up. 74); felly of the wheel of a chariot (Cilap. 14,168, Urai); circular bedstead or cot; stand of a lamp; standard (pa_n.t.il vil.akku)(Net.unal. 175); bowl of a lamp; a pair of cymbals (Cilap. 26,194); two-wheeled cart (Ta.lex.)

6466.Pair of cymbals: pa_n.t.il a pair of cymbals (Cilap. 26,194)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

6467.Image: encircling line, row: pa_n.t.il circle (Tiva_.)(Ain:kur-u. 310); a pair of cymbals (Cilap. 26,194); felly of the wheel of a chariot (Cilap. 14,168, Urai); circular bedstead or cot (Net.unal. 123); circular piece of hide used in making a shield (Patir-r-up. 74); [cf. vat.t.an.am a kind of big shield; vat.t.a-t-to_l shield (Tiruvil.ai. Naripari. 30)(Ta.lex.)] pa_n.t.i a bullock-cart (Paripa_. 10,16); a game with a tablet of 14 pits; a kind of hopscotch (G.Sm.D.I, i,111)(Ta.lex.) Image: wheel: pa_n.t.ir--ka_cu a piece of jewelry, known as vat.t.a-k-ka_cu (Ain:kur-u. 310)(Ta.lex.) ban.d.i wheel, cart, carriage (Ka.); any wheeled conveyance, cart (Te.); cart (Tu.); bhan.d.i id. (Tu.); van.t.il wheel, cart (Ta.Ma.); van.t.i id. (Ma.); van.d.y cart (Ko.); pod.y bullock-cart (To.); pa_n.t.il two-wheeled cart (Cilap. 14,168)(Ta.lex.); pan.t.i cart, waggon, carriage (Ta.) Goods, wares; cart: bha_n.d.a goods, wares; bhan.d.i cart (Skt.)(DEDR App.50)(CDIAL 9440). va_t.a, va_t.aka circle, enclosure (Pali)(CDIAL 11480). Wheel; circumference; spindle: ba_t.u wheel (Sh.); va_t.o tire (G.)[(semantically: cf. vartani felly of wheel, path (RV.); vattani_ track, path (Pali); vat.t.an.i_ road (Pkt.)](CDIAL 11367). Image: outer rim of a wheel: pat.t.a_ outer rim of a wheel; pat.t.a id. (U.)(Ta.lex.) cf. kat.aiccar-pat.t.ai turner's lathe; kat.aiccal turning on a lathe or on a brazier's wheel; kat.aicar-pat.t.arai turner's shop; kat.aical polishing, enamelling; turned work in wood (Ta.lex.) pat.alikai circle, circular surface; pat.u-cu_l.ai circular kiln (Ta.lex.) pa_li a circumference (Skt.lex.) Image; a wheel; a cart: ban.d.i a wheel (Ka.Te.); van.t.i, van.t.il Ma.); ban.d.i a bandy, a cart, a carriage (Ka.Te.); van.t.i, vat.t.ai, pan.t.i, van.t.il (Ta.); van.t.i, van.t.il (Ma.); ban.d.iyava the owner of a bandy; a carter, a driver (Ka.); ban.d.ika_r-a a s'u_dra servant in connection with a temple who is in charge of the idol-car (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: wheel: ban.d.i wheel, cart, carriage (Ka.); any wheeled conveyance, cart (Te.); cart (Tu.); bhan.d.i id. (Tu.); van.t.il wheel, cart (Ta.Ma.); van.t.i id. (Ma.); van.d.y cart (Ko.); pod.y bullock-cart (To.); pa_n.t.il two-wheeled cart (Ta.); pan.t.i cart, waggon, carriage (Ta.) bha_n.d.a goods, wares; bhan.d.i cart (Skt.)(DEDR App.50)[?< bha_n.d.a- goods, wares, as carrying these (Skt.)(CDIAL 9440)]. ban.t.a a particular thing or atticle of a peasant's cart (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) van.t.il cart, carriage; s'akat.a; wheel (Na_mati_pa. 461)(Ta.lex.) sakat.a cart, waggon, cartload (Pali); s'akat.a cart (S'a_n:khS'r.); chakir.o cart (S.)(CDIAL 12236). saka wheel, circle (Si.); ca_ka wheel (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 4538).

6468.Praise; written syllable: va_rn.a relating to letters (Gr.); va_rn.ika scribe (Skt.)(CDIAL 11338). varn.a sound, syllable (AitBr.); written syllable (Skt.); praise (Skt.); musical note (MBh.); van.n.a timbre of voice, praise (Pali); praise (Pkt.)(CDIAL 11339). varn.ana description (BhP.); van.n.ana_ praise, commentary (Pali); van.n.an.a praise, description (Pkt.); wanun a saying, speech (K.)(CDIAL 11340). varn.ama_la_ rows of letters, alphabet (Skt.); ba_na_n spelling (B.)(CDIAL 11341). pa_n.an- an ancient class of Tamil bards and minstrels (Ta.); pan.t.ar bards (Ta.); pan.n.avan- bard (Ta.); pa_n.an a caste of musicians, actors and players (Ma.); pa_n.a an expert in singing and dancing (Ka.); pa_n.a a ca_n.d.a_l.a, untouchable (BHS.Skt.); pa_n.a id. (Pkt.); pa_no name of the D.omb caste in Ganjam (Or.)(DEDR 4068).] The phonetic trace in the terminal particles of morphemes, poss.: -n.d.- : -n.-/-n- or -t.t.-. This aerial phonetic transformation is particularly evident in forms with, perhaps, an initial nasal consonant: mb-. Examples: me_d.hra-/ bhe_d.ra-/e_d.a- ram; bha_n.d.a-/ha_n.d.a-/man.d.e pot.

6469.Panegyrist: bat.a-ma_nya free land granted by a ruler to a learned bra_hman.a (Ka.); bat.t.a, bat.a (Tadbhava of bhat.t.a) a learned bra_hman.a; a pu_ja_ri; a praiser, a panegyrist, an encomiast, a bard (Ka.); bha_t.a (M.H.); bat.t.a a cook (Ka.) (Ka.lex.) Jester; mime: bhan.d.a jester, mime (BhP.): bham.d.a jester (Pkt.); bhan.d. caste of actors (P.); bhan.d.u (S.); bhann (WPah.); bha_n (Ku.); bha~_r. buffoon (N.B.Bhoj.); caste of jesters (H.); rogue, pimp (Mth.); bha_n.d.a buffoon (Or.); bha~_d. caste of jesters (G.M.)(CDIAL 9371). Dancing god: pan.t.an:kan- S'iva, as dancing pa_n.t.aran:kam dance (pan.t.an:kan- me_katto_t.u co_lai cu_r.. mit.ai cir-r-e_ma me_vin-a_n-)(Te_va_. 789,2); pan.t.aran:kan- id. (pacupati_ pan.t.aran:ka_ ven-r-e_n-a_n-e_) (Te_va_. 297,6(Ta.)); pa_n.t.aran:kan- id.; pa_n.t.aran:kam Dance of S'iva when he destroyed the tiri-puram, one of eleven ku_ttu (Cilap. 6,45); pa_n.t.aran:kan-a_r an ancient poet, author of the 16th stanza of Pur-ana_n-u_r-u (Ta.lex.) Priest: pan.d.ita learned, clever (Br.A_rUp.); scholar, teacher (MBh.); pan.d.a_ wisdom; cf. praja_ (Skt.); pandara foolish (Kho.); pan.d.ita, pan.d.aka learned man (Pali); pan.ida (Dhp.); pam.d.ia (Pkt.); pan.d.a_ (P.); pa~_r.e a class of brahmans (N.); pa_n.d.ia_ (OB.); pa~_r.e a North Indian brahman (B.); pa_n.d.a a class of brahmans in northwest India (Or.); pan.d.a_ brahman priest of lower status (Or.); pa~_r.e a class of brahmans (Bhoj.Aw.); pa~_d.e, pa~_r.e, pa~_d.a_ learned man; pan.d.a_ priest presiding at a temple (H.); pan.d.yo brahman (G.); pa~_d.ya_ a class of brahmans (M.); pand.i learned (Si.)(CDIAL 7718). Image: lute: pan. a stringed musical instrument; pan.n.al act of tuning the lute strings according to the required melody (Ci_vaka. 657, Urai.); pan.n.iyam musical instrument (Man.i. 7,123)(Ta.lex.) Bards and minstrels: pa_n.an- an ancient class of Tamil bards and minstrels (Ta.); pa_n.an a caste of musicians, actors and players (Ma.); pa_n.be dancing girl, whore, adultress; pa_n.a an expert in singing and dancing (Ka.); pa_na_l a Pardhan man (Go.); pa_n.a a ca_n.d.a_la, untouchable (BHSk.); pa_n.a id. (Pkt.); pa_no name of the D.omb caste in Ganjam (Or.)(DEDR 4068). Bards: pan.t.ar bards, singers of a low caste (Tiruvil.ai.Vir-aku.48); pan.t.a_ a class of brahmin priests who assist pilgrims (Ta.); ban.d.a id. (Ka.); pan.t.a_ram religious mendicant; a S'aiva monk; a caste of non-brahmin S'aivaites who sell garlands of flowers (Ta.Ma.); pan.d.a_ramu id. (Te.); pan.t.a_ra-can-n-iti the chief of the S'aiva mutts of the non-brahmins; S'aiva mutts where S'a_straic discussions are held; pan.t.a_ra-na_r..i a kind of measure, used in temples (S.I.I. v,255)(Ta.lex.) pan.d.ita man of learning, erudition; title assumed by barbers; pan.t.uvan- id. (Ta.); pan.d.itam erudition; art of healing, the medical art; pa_n.dikan- singer, one who chants early in the morning, ceremoniously awakening a deity in a temple; pa_n. song, vocal music; Pa_n.ar caste (Pur-ana_. 3,48)(Ta.lex.) pa_n.an- an ancient class of Tamil bards and minstrels (Ta.)(Tol. Po. 91); a caste of musicians, actors and players (Ma.); pa_n.be dancing girl, whore, adultress (Ka.); pa_n.a an expert in singing and dancing (ka.); pa_na_l a Pardhan man (Go.); pa_n.a a ca_n.d.a_la, untouchable (BHSkt.); pa_n.a id. (Pkt.); pa_no name of the D.omb caste in Ganjam (Or.)(DEDR 4068). pa_n.-makan- man of the Pa_n.ar caste (Man.i. 18,17); pa_n.ar-ma_laiyar women of the pa_n.ar caste (Tiruva_lava_. 54,26)(Ta.lex.) bhan.d.u caste of actors (P.); bhann (WPah.); bha_n, bhanya_lo (Ku.); bha~_r. caste of jesters (H.); bha~_d. (G.M.); bha_nu begging musician (S.)(CDIAL 9371). Bard; praise: cf. pa_t.u (pa_t.i-) to sing, chant, warble (Ta.)(DEDR 4065). cf. va_r..ttiyal theme describing the praise bestowed on a chief by a bard (Pur-ana_. 2, Tur-ai-k-kur-ippu)(Ta.lex.) bhan.d.a mixed caste (of bards)(BrahmavP.); bhat.t.a bard (Pkt.); ba_t.h bard, panegyrist (K.); bhat.u id. (S.); bhat.t. id. (P.); bha_t. (Ku.N.A.B.Bhoj.Aw.H.G.M.); bhat.t.an. (P.); bha_t.an (H.); bhat.ya_unu to lead a chorus (N.)(CDIAL 9366). pa_t.u to sing, chant, warble, hum (Ta.); pa_r.a stanza, verse (Kuwi); pa_t.a song, story, word, language (Pa.)(DEDR 4065). pa_n. song, melody, pa_n.ar caste; praise, flattery (Ta.); pan.t.ar bards (Ta.); pa_n.a a ca_n.d.a_la, untouchable (Skt.); pa_n.a id. (Pkt.); pa_no name of the D.omb caste (Or.)(DEDR 4068). [This concordance bha_n.d.- = pat.t. is echoed in aerial etyma bhat.- = pa_n.- in the sense of 'bard': bhat.t.a bard (Pkt.); mixed caste of bards (Skt.); bhat.a mixed caste (Skt.); bhad.a (Skt.); bhan.d.a BrahmavP.); ba_t.h, dat. ba_t.has bard, panegyrist (K.); bhat.u (S.); bhat.t. (P.); bha_t. (Ku.N.A.B.Aw.H.G.M.); bha_t.a (Or.); ba_t.t.aya_ (Si.); bhat.in.i_ woman of this caste (S.); bhat.t.an., bhat.t.an.i_ (P.); bhat.ini (N.); bha_t.an (H.); bhat.ya_unu to lead a chorus (N.)(CDIAL 9366). varn.ayati relates, describes (MBh.); observes; praises (Skt.); van.n.e_ti describes, praises (Pali); van.n.e_i praises (Pkt.); ba_n speaking (Wot..); banin I am speaking (Tor.); ban- to speak (Mai.); wanun to describe, name, call, recognize; wanawun to sing in chorus (of women at festivals)(K.); bonnu_ to speak (WPah.); va_nin.e~, va_nn.e~, va_n.n.e~ to praise (M.); baniba_ to describe, spell, abuse, call names (Or.); van.anava_ to praise, describe, say (Si.)(CDIAL 11342). Image: ornamental gateway: vantan-a-ma_lai a kind of wreath of flowers or leaves hung over the door of a house; the ornamental arch of a gateway (Ta.lex.) Image: homage, adoration: vantan-am < vandana reverence, homage, adoration, worship, salutation (Te_va_. 132,8); vantan-ai id. (Tiruva_ca. 5,26); vantittal < vand to pay homage; to salute reverentially (Tiv. Iyar-. 3,95); vanti adoration, homage, reverence (Te_va_.693,4)(Ta.lex.) vand praise (Skt.); vandate_ praises (RV.); greets respectfully (Ma_rkP.); vandati salutes, honours (Pali); vam.dai (Pkt.); vandun to offer in sacrifice (K.); vandn.a_, bandn.a_ to salute respectfully (P.); va_m.dai bows (OG.); vandmi I salute (OSi.); vandinava_ (Si.); vam.tati, vam.tade honours (NiDoc.); wontus was said by him (K.); bantn.u_ to greet (WPah.)(CDIAL 11270). vandana praising (RV.); salutation (Pali); vandana_ (Pali); vam.dan.a, vam.dan.a_ (Pkt.); va_m.dan.a~_ pl. (OG.); vandun honouring (Si.); vadun gift (Md.)(CDIAL 11271). vanda_ru praising; praise (RV.); vam.da_ru one who praises (Pkt.); bana_r song in praise of a great person (SH.)(CDIAL 11273). vandin praising (Skt.); vandi bard (Pali); vandi, vadi praiser (Si.)(CDIAL 11274). pan.ta_ra-k-kuru priest who teaches agamas (Ta.lex.) Image: to salute: pan.i (-v-, -nt-) to be low in height, be short, be lowered, be humble, become inferior, fall (as prices, wages), bow, make obeisance to; (-pp-, -tt-) to lower or lead down, degrade, reduce (as price); n. bowing, reverencing; pan.ippu lowness (as of tone); pan.iyal worship, obeisance; pan.ivu submission, humility, veneration, defect, low place, depression (Ta.); pan.iyuka to worship, salute, acknowledge superiority (Ma.); henuku to bend, bow (Ka.)(DEDR 3888). pan.d.u to lie down; parun.d.u to lie down, recline (Tu.)(DEDR 3900).

6470.Inheritance; relation: ba_dya (fr. bandu, ba_ndhava) a man who is connected or related: a relative, a relation (Ka.Te.); a man who a right or claim to (Ka.Te.); pa_ttiya (Ta.); ba_dya an heir (Ka.Ta.);l a right or claim to possession (Ka.Te. Ta.); ba_dhya (Ma.); ba_dya property, inheritance; ba_dyate a right or claim to possession (Ka.Te.); that to which one has a right or claim; heirship (Ka.Te.); ba_dyasta a man who has a right or claim to (Ka.); a rightful owner (Ka.Te.); an heir (Ka.); a man who has the duty (of performing something) (Ka.Ma.); ba_dyastike a right or claim to possession (Ka.lex.) Öbandh bind (Skt.); bandhu kinsman (RV. Pali); bam.dhu (Pkt.); band (K.); ba_ndh friend (A.)(CDIAL 9144). ba_ndhava kinsman (esp. maternal)(Mn.); ba_ndhavi_ female relative (Skt.); bandhava kinsman (Pali); bam.dhava (Pkt.); ba_ndhai term of endearment for a beloved woman (A.)(CDIAL 9208). ?so_mabandhu waterlily < ?saugandhika fragrant (Skt.lex.)

6471.Grain-pit; ditch: pa~_tar-a grain-pit or cellar (Te.); pa.tar grain storage pit (Kol.); pend- to bury (Pa.); pendup- (pendut-) id. (Ga.); pa_ntu cavity, hollow, deep hole (Ta.); pattar, pattal ditch, depression (Ta.); pa_tu to bury, fix in the grain-pit, cellar (Kond.a)(DEDR 4080). To store up grain: pat.t.at.ai-kat.t.u-tal to store up grain in an enclosure of straw; pat.t.at.ai-kat.t.i an avaricious person; pat.t.at.ai corn-rick, enclosure of straw for grain, wattle and daub, granary; stock, heap, pile, as of straw, firewood or timber (Ta.lex.) Pitfall: pa_tampi a pitfall (Te.)(DEDR 4080). Image: to fall down: prapatati flies down, falls down (RV.); papatati falls down or into (Pali); pavad.ai falls (Pkt.); pavan.u to fall, happen (S.); pevan., pres. part. ponda (but pp. pe_a_) to fall; povan. to fall, happen, lie down (L.); paun.a_ to fall (P.); pu_n.u_ (WPah.)(CDIAL 8675). prapatana falling down (Gaut.); papatana falling (Pali); pavad.an.a (Pkt.); paun.u pitfall dug to catch wild animals (S.)(CDIAL 8676).

6472.Workshop: pat.t.ad.e, pat.t.ad.i anvil, workshop (Ka); pat.t.at.ai, pat.t.ar-ai, anvil, smithy, forge (Ta.); pat.t.ika, pat.t.ed.a anvil (Te.); pat.t.ad.a workshop (Te.)(DEDR 3865). Guild of workmen: pat.t.ar-ai community; guild as of workmen (Ta.); pat.t.ale id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) pat.t.ar-ai factory, rice-hulling machine, machine (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Goldsmith's small hammer: bhar.i goldsmith's small hammer (N.); bham.d.a barber's utensils (Pkt.); bha~_r.i, bha~_ir. razor case (B.)(CDIAL 9440). pan.t.akkalam gold ornament (Man.i. 26,23); pan.t.am gold; wealth, riches (Tiv. Tirukkur-un. 11); pan.t.akka_ran- rich man; owner of goods (Ta.lex.) Goldsmith: bad.ahal, bad.a_la_ goldsmith (Si.); bad.al-vad.a goldsmith's trade (Si.); bad.ahal potter (Si.); bha~d.sa_l, bha~d.sa_r, bhansa_l storehouse, granary (H.); bad.ahala pottery (Si.)(CDIAL 9441). pala-pat.t.at.ai store room in which diverse articles are kept; people of various castes; a general tax on merchants and artisans (Ta.lex.) For semant. 'artisan' X 'workshop' : Workshop; anvil; smithy: pat.t.ar-ai, pat.t.arai machine; rice-hulling machine; factory; pat.t.at.ai smithy, forge (Ta.); pat.t.ad.i id. (Ka.) (Ta.lex.) pat.t.at.ai anvil (Kur-al., 821); pat.t.ar-ai anvil (Ta.); pat.t.ad.e, pat.t.ad.i anvil, workshop (Ka.); pat.t.ika, pat.t.ed.a anvil; pat.t.ad.a workshop (Te.)(DEDR 3865). pat.t.at.aiya_r master of a shop; overseer (Ta.lex.) bha_n.d.ika_ an implement, a tool, utensil; bha_n.d.am any tool or instrument, an implement (Skt.lex.) Support; anvil: at.a- support, anvil; at.ai prop, slight support (Ta.); at.ai-kal anvil (Ta.); at.a-k-kallu anvil of goldsmiths (Ma.); ar. gal small anvil (Ko.); ad.e, ad.a, ad.i the piece of wood on which the five artisans put the article which they happen to operate upon, a support (Ka.); ad.egal, ad.agallu, ad.igallu anvil (Ka.); at.t.e a support, stand (Tu.); d.a_-kali, d.a_-kallu, da_-kali, da_-gali, da_yi anvil (Te.)(DEDR 86). ad.d.i_ iron rest for supporting tools in turning (L.); ad.a_v the wooden beam supporting a log when being sawn (K.); ad.d.o support for a log being sawn (WPah.); ad.an.u to build (S.); a_r.o support, bolt of door (Ku.); a_d.n.i_ a stand (G.); ad.aya prop, stopper (Si. perhaps direct < at.ai (Ta.)(CDIAL 188). ot.hi~gvu~, at.hi~gvu~ to lean; ot.hi~gan. a prop (G.)(CDIAL 772). adhikaran.i_ anvil (Skt.); smith's anvil (Pali)[explained as: originally meaning 'serving, that which serves, i.e. intrument' (Pali.lex.)]; ahigaran.i_ a piece of apparatus for a smith (Pkt.); yi_ran, dat. yu_ru anvil (K.); aharan.i, aran.i (S.); arin., e_run. (L.); airan., aihran, a_hran. (P.); arhini (WPah.); ern.e smithy (WPah.); a_ran (N.); aheran, a_hran anvil (H.)(CDIAL 252). adhikaro_ti puts at the head of (MBh.Pkt.); ye_run to sort or arrange the warp for the loom (K.)(CDIAL 253). pat. side (left or right)(Ko.); pat.t.i direction, side (Go.)(DEDR 3871)]. Anvil: pratika_ya target (Skt.); pariya_t.ha_ wooden framework over a well on which the drawer stands; carpenter's block, anvil block; paret.ha_ anvil block (Bi.); pariat.h, parait.h, parhat.a_ fodder chopping block (Mth.)(CDIAL 8544). pat.t.at.ai piece of board temporarily used as a seat (Ta.lex.) [?pat.u + at.ai : pat.u to hit or strike against (Ta.)(DEDR 3853) + at.ai support (Ta.)(DEDR 86)].

6473.Buried treasure: pat.u-porul. buried treasure (Cilap. 23,102); amassed wealth (Cilap. 23,128)(Ta.lex.) Image: to take shelter: patgre to take refuge or shelter (Malt.); patun:ku to hide, lie in ambush (Ta.); patun.n.uka, patiyuka to sneak, crouch; patukkam concealment, sulking; pati an ambush (Ma.); padng- to lie crouching for a spring (Ko.); padugu to bend, bow (Ka.); padan:kara in a stooping posture; padduni to sneak, crouch, hide, lurk (Tu.)(DEDR 3912). pan.ai lair of an animal; pan.n.ai lair, sleeping place of beast (Ta.); pan.e haunt or lair of wild beast (Ka.)(DEDR 3892). To bury; treasure-trove: u_d.u, u_r..u to lean, set, fix, put in the ground etc.; u_r..u to bury (Ka.); hu_r..u to sink into; to be filled up as a channel; to be filled into (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cf. pu_r..uka to be buried (Ma.); pu_d.(u)pu burying, treasure-trove (Te.)(DEDR 4376). cf. putai (-v-, -nt-) to be buried, covered, concealed (Ta.)(DEDR 4509). Lair: pad.a~ku hole, cave, crevice (Te.); phar.ka den, lair (e.g. of tiger)(Nk.); pad.u, pad.e place of refuge (for wild animals) between stones or in rocks (Ka.)(DEDR 3857). vati lair, nest (Ta.lex.) pat.t.am a portion of seed-bed (Ta.lex.) vati mire (Ta.); badi mud, mire, slush, ooze (Ka.)(DEDR 5245). pat.ukkai lying down, bed; pat.ai bed; layer, stratum (Ta.); pat.appu bed, mat (Ma.); pad.u to fall, lie, recline, sleep (Te.); pad.a placing or laying (Tu.); pa_d.e bier (Te.); pat.t.i_na_ to lie down (of animals)(Go.); pat.t.ana_ to rest, of cattle, sit, crouch (of men or animals)(Go.)(DEDR 3852). pat.t.am sleeping place for animals (Ta.lex.) Space: pat.m ground for house (Ko.); pat.t.i space before house, spreading space (?Ko.); par. place (Nk.); pad. place, site (Pa.)(DEDR 3878). Lair; to dwell: vati (-v-, -nt-) to dwell, abide, sojourn; sleep (Ta.); badi a deity's place, small building (Ka.); roofed shelter (temple) constructed for a devil (Tu.)(DEDR 5246). vatthu site, ground, field (Pa.); house (Pkt.); vastav(y)a inhabitant (NiDoc.); va_stavya left on the spot (TS.); inhabitant (MBh.); vatta, vatu residence with a garden or grove of coconut or other fruit trees (Si.)(CDIAL 11606). caupa_r. vestibule, assembly room (H.); catus.pa_t.a extending on four sides(?)(Skt.)(CDIAL 4644). kan-pa_ro temple, brow, gill (N.) (CDIAL 8030). pat.t.i direction, side (Go.); pat. side (left or right)(Ko.)(DEDR 3871). ma_t.u place; side (Ta.lex.) put.ai, put.am place, side (Ta.); put.a side (Ma.); hod.e side (Ka.); pud.e border, edge, brink, margin, brim, side, interval space (Tu.); ped.a side, page (?Te.)(DEDR 4255). pa_t.o side (N.)(CDIAL 7699). Shelter: otukku shelter (Ma.); or-r-i-ppo_- to go away from; ottu, or-r-u to make room for; or-r-ivai- to place out of the way, adjourn (Ta.); or-r-uka to step aside, retire, cringe (Ma.); ot- (oty-) to precede on the way, go fast (Ko.); ottu to give way, leave space, step aside (Ka.); ottu, ottilu, ottillu, ottigillu to step aside, make way, move out of the way (Ka.); otun:ku to get out of the way, step aside (as a mark of respect, before a superior), retreat, be defeated, seek refuge (Ta.); otukku settle; that which is apart, refuge, screen (Ta.); otukkam privacy, retiring, hiding-place (Ta.); otun.n.uka to give way, step aside, yield; be adjusted; otukkuka to subdue, settle; otukkam subjection, being settled and compressed (Ma.); wi0x- (wi0xy-) (horns of fighting buffaloes) slip apart (To.); odu~gu to move or step aside, make room, sidle, shrink from, sneak, slink (Te.) (DEDR 973).

6474.Dry cow-dung cake: bat.t.i, bar-at., ber-at.i, ber-an.i, ben.n.i dried cowdung cake for fuel (Ka.); var-at.t.i, var-al., vara_t.i dried cowdung cake (Ta.); var-al.i, varat.i id. (Ma.); bejan.t.u id. (Tu.); beyt.i id. (Kor.); varat.a id. (Te.)(DEDR 5321). cf. var-a (-pp, -nt-) to dry up; varat.u dry grass, hay, straw; dry (Ta.)(DEDR 5320). X cf. bat.t.i a furnace, kiln; a spirit-still; matter prepared in a kiln (Ka.); bhat.t.i_ (M.H.Te.)(Ka.lex.) X bar-a dry fire-wood; bar-apa dryness, emptiness (Ka.lex.)

6475.Image; buffalo: pan.d.a_ male calf not yet broken to the plough, male buffalo (Or.)(CDIAL 7717). pad.d.e maturity, fitness for breeding (Ka.); pad.d.a female buffalo or cow fit for breeding; female buffalo calf; bar-r-e female buffalo (Te.); pad.d.a-le.na female calf; barre buffalo (Kol.); pad.d.a heifer; ped.d.a female calf (Nk.); bere, bed.e/ber.e female calf (Ga.); bed.d.e peyye calf (Ga.); pad.d.a_ cow-calf; pad.d.a piya, pad.d.a, pad.a peyya, ped.d.a, pad.a piya female calf, heifer; pad.a pila calf of buffalo; puda heifer (Go.); pad.a young cow, heifer (Kond.a)(DEDR 3881). pad.d.aya buffalo (Pkt.); pad.d.i_ cow or buffalo that has calved once; pa_d.i_ young buffalo; pad.d.iya_ id., small buffalo cow; pad.d.acchi_ buffalo cow (Pkt.); pa_r.ek, pa_yar.ek goat (Pas'.); pa_d.o buffalo calf (S.); pa_r.o buffalo calf (N.); pa_r.a_ (Bi.H.); par.u_a_, pa~r.wa_ m., pa_r.hi, par.iya_ f. (H.); pa_d.o, pa_d.u~ (G.); pa_d.a_ buffalo calf (M.); pa_d.e~ calf of a cow (M.); ped.d.a, ped.d.a_ buffalo (Pkt.); pera_ stout male buffalo (A.); peri_ buffalo cow (A.); per.a_ young buffalo (Or.)(CDIAL 8042). par.ru_ buffalo calf (Bi.); par.aru, par.ar.u (Mth.); par.aru_ (Bhoj.); pa~r.aru_ (H.)(CDIAL 8043). pa.l. buffalo calf between one and two years old (Ko.); po.l. female buffalo calf between one and two years old (To.); pa_rol.u a young she-buffalo (Tu.)(DEDR 4118). per-r-am buffalo (Tol. Col. 400, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) per-r-a-kkannu wild buffalo (Ma.)(DEDR 4425). por.ha, pur.ha male buffalo (Or.); por.a_ stout, robust (Mth.); pod.ha_ stout, cunning (P.); por.h, por.ha_, paur.ha_ mighty, firm, stiff (H.); pod.ha big (OG.)(CDIAL 8807). cf. po_ttu male buffalo (Ma.); po_tu male buffalo (Te.); male of an animal; young male animal (Kuwi); po_t male of animals (Go.Pa.); po_ttu male of animals (Ta.)(DEDR 4586). po.ri male buffalo (Kod..); pori calf or buffalo (?Ta.)(DEDR 4593). pat.hru_ kid, lamb (Bi.); pat.haru_ buffalo calf (Bhoj.)(CDIAL 8016).

6476.Throwing dice: pa_t.akam dice-throw (Ta.lex.) pa_t.aka throwing dice; pa_n.ika got by playing at stake (Skt.lex.) Small lump: vat.a small lump (S'a_rn:gS.); round cake of pulse fried in oil (Sus'r.); vat.ika_ small lump (Skt.); vat.aka small ball (Pali); vad.i_ ball of pulse (Pkt.); wor^u a kind of spiced cake (K.); vur^u small lump of pulse fried in oil or ghee (K.); var.o dish of pulse (S.); var.i_ pellet of pulse (L.); var.a_, bar.a_ fried preparation of lentils (P.); var.i_, bar.i_ lump of pulse (P.); bar.o cake of pulse fried in oil or ghee (Ku.); bari pill (N.); bara round cake of ground pulse (A.); bar.i ball of bruised pulse, pill (B.Or.); bari_ cake of fried pulse (Bi.); bar.a_ (H.); var.u~ a kind of cake (G.); vad.i_ id. (M.); vad.a_ cake of fried pulse (M.)(CDIAL 11213). Round: vat.t.u < vat.t.a (Pkt.) < vr.tta small spheroidal pawn, dice, draught (Akana_. 108)(Ta.lex.) vat.t.ana_ (fr. vr.t) in: vat.t.ana_vali_ is a line or chain of balls ('round', i.e. rings or spindles); vat.t.hana_-vali-sanka_ka_sa_ pit.t.hi te ninnat'unnata_ : thy back like spindles in a row, a long unequal curve doth show; vat.aka a small ball or thickening, bulb, tuber; in mul.a_la-vat.aka the (edible) tuber of the lotus (Pali.lex.) Dice: val dice (Tol. Er..ut. 373)(Ta.lex.) vat.t.u small spheroidal pawn, dice, draught (Akana_. 108); roundness; anything round; a circular piece used in pa_n.t.i game; a game-piece; vat.t.u-p-po_r gambling; vat.t.a_t.u- to play with draughts or dice (Kur-al., 401); vat.t.u-k-ka_y dice; vat.t.a_t.t.u game of dice (Kamara_. Mitilaik. 17) (Ta.lex.) Image: dice: vat.t.u small spheroidal pawn, dice, draught (Akana_. 108); roundness; anything round (Ci_vaka. 2950); a circular piece used in pa_n.t.i game; a game-piece (Nar-. 3; Ci_vaka. 611);[< vat.t.a (Pkt.) < vr.tta (Skt.)]; vat.t.u-k-ka_y dice; vat.t.u-p-po_r gambling (Par..amo. 176, Urai.); viruttam < vr.tta circle, anything circular; a fall of dice which entitles the player to another throw; vat.t.in-i wager, stake in a game (Kampara_. Mitilai. 17)(Ta.lex.) Image: draught-board: vat.t.il draught-board (W.)(Ta.lex.)

6477.Round grind-stone: bar, bar. stone (Gypsy); wa_t. stone, millstone (Gaw.); bat stone (Kal.); bat. millstone (Sh.); wat.h, dat. wat.as round stone (K.); vat.t.a_ stone (L.P.); bat.t. small round stone (WPah.); vat.t.i_ pebble (P.); bat.t.a_ stone roller for spices, grindstone (Bi.); bat.hui pebble (Sh.)(CDIAL 11348). vartaka something round; vat.t.aka pill, bolus (Skt.); wat.k walnut (Orm.); wa_t.i(-stu_m) walnut (-tree)(Wg.); wot.^u, vut.^u globulated mass (K.); vat.t.a_ clod, lobe of ear (L.); vat.t.i_ pill (P.); bat.t.i egg (WPah.)(CDIAL 11349). Diameter: vit.t.am diameter, cross-beam, anything put across (Ta.); vit.t.am, pit.t.am diameter, cross-beam, tie, beam of a roof (Ma.); bit.t.a cross-beam (Ka.); but.t.a ceiling joist (Kod..)(DEDR 5395). cf. bhittu roof plank (Phal.); bitil id. (Kt.); bhi_to beam resting on a wall (G.)(CDIAL 9493). Images: a round thing; dapple cow: bat.uvu, bat.u, bat.uhu roundness; a circle; regularity in form, beauty (Ka.); bat.uvu (Te.); vr.tta (Ka.); bat.t.a, bat.a, bat.t.u, bot.t.u, vat.ra (Tadbhava of vr.tta) that is round, circular, spherical or globular; a circle, a disk (Ka.); vat.t.am, vat.t.u (Ta.Ma.); bat.t.a that is well proportioned, regular or beautiful; that is uniform, as colour; round etc. (ne_sar-a bat.t.a); bat.t.a a mark on the forehead in the form of a circlet (Ka.); bat.t.u, bat.t.a a round thing used for weighing (Ka.); bat.a a large marble, a taw; bat.t.u-da_li a hemispheric plain ta_li used as an ornament; bat.t.u-hasa a dapple cow; bat.t.ukudure a dapple horse; bat.t.akudure a one-coloured (chestnut) horse; bat.t.a-gad.ale peas, the round pea, pisum arvense;[cf. bat.a_n.i the common pea, pisum sativum (Ka.); va_t.a_n.a_ (M.H.)(Ka.lex.)]; bat.t.a givi a round ear; bat.t.ageydu a circular weapon, the discus; bat.t.a-javvana beautiful youth; bat.t.adale a round head; bat.t.adene a round top of a rampart; bat.t.adod.e a round thigh; bat.t.a-balmole a round, stout female breast; bat.t.a-muttu a round pearl; bat.t.a-moga a round handsome face; bat.t.amole a round female breast; bat.t.aver-e the full moon (Ka.); bat.t.u-geydu-geyya Vis.n.u (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Chickpea; image: flower on cloth: but. chickpea; but.a_ flower on cloth (A.B.); but.a, bun.t.a chickpea; but.a_ flower on cloth (Or.); bu~_t. the chickpea cicer arietinum (Bi.Bhoj.); but.t.o, but.t.i_ painted flower (G.); bu_t., bu_t.a_, bu_t.i_ (M.); bu_ta flower on cloth (K.)(CDIAL 9297). Image: nipple: vr.nta nipple (Skt.)(CDIAL 12077). ben.t.a nipple (Or.); ba~_t. nipple of woman's breast (B.)(CDIAL 12045).

6478.Image: throat circle: va_t.aka enclosure, circle, ring: in gala-va_t.aka the throat circle, i.e. the bottom of the throat; can.d.a_la-va_t.aka circle of Can.d.a_las; bra_hman.a-va_t.aka of Brahmins (Pali.lex.) For semant. 'circle' cf. vr.tta turned (RV.); rounded (S'Br.); vat.t.a round; circle (Pali)(CDIAL 12069). cf. vat.t.am circle (Tol. Col. 402, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)

6479.Image: throat: bar..i the place of the throat next to the artery called pin:gale (a particular vessel or artery, said to be the path of the fifteen vital airs) (Ka.); bar..i-goral id. (Ka.lex.) cf. kural-val.ai windpipe, laynx, ton.t.ai (Ta.); Adam's apple; projection of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx (Perun.. Makata. 14,55) (Ta.lex.) Swelling in the throat: varti, varti_ swelling in the throat (Skt.lex.) ve_l.a throat (Ma.); var.er, ware_r, ved.er, vered.i, ver.er., verer. neck; warer neck, throat (Go.); verer, ved.eru (pl. ved.ahku), ved.a_ga_ throat (Go.); bo.l.e neck (Kod..)(DEDR 5547). cf. se_rki the back of the neck (Kui); he_rki, herki neck; herki shoulder (Kuwi)(DEDR 2817). melkha_ throat, neck (Kur.); melqe throat (Malt.)(DEDR 5080). mer.a neck; t.r-eki throat (? aphaeresis of m-)(Kond.a); mad.a neck (Pkt.); met.re throat (Ka.); mit.ar.u neck, trachea, windpipe, throat (Ta.); throat; a draught, gulp (Ma.); mit.ila throat (Ma.); mir. front of neck; neck of pot (Ko.); mir. (obl. mir.-, mir.t-) neck (To.); med.a neck, shoulders (Te.); med.a-ka_ya, mid.su neck (Te.)(DEDR 4847). Throat; neck: manda neck (Ash.Gaw.); mo~_da, mu~_da (Wg.); manda_ neck; mandelik throat (Pas'.); madolik neck (Shum.); mu~nde (Nin:g.); mandapile_ (Sv.); mara_rik neck (Kt.); manthi_ back of neck (WPah.); mana_t.i_, mit.t.u_ (WPah.); mant.o, munt.o head, neck (N.); man.d.o_ (Par.)(CDIAL 9732). Neck: man-n-ai throat, cheek (Ta.); manna, menna neck (Ma.)(DEDR 4779). men-n-i, men-n-ai throat; cheek; men-n-ai-k-kat.t.i goitre; mumps; man-n-aikkat.t.i mumps; men-n-i-kat.t.i a cattle disease; men-n-aiyai-p-pit.i to throttle; men-n-aippit.ikka to the full, as in eating; man-n-iyai nerve in the nape of the neck; vital nerve; man-n-aippit.i seizing by the throat (Te_vai. 80)(Ta.lex.) manya_ du. and pl. nape of neck (i.e. the lines of muscle at the back of it)(AV.); manya_ka_ (Skt.); man~j neck (L.); ma_n neck (M.); ma_ni_ annular lining of the mouthpiece of a handmill (M.); ma_na nape of neck (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 9858). man.i hump of camel (MBh.); fleshy excrescence on a goat's neck (VarBr.S.); thyroid cartilege (= kan.t.haman.i-)(Skt.); man.ika globular formation of flesh on an animal's shoulder (AitBr.); man.ila having fleshy excescences (e.g. on the dewlap)(TS.); men nape of neck, neck, throat; mend id. (Gypsy); mendri_ necklet; menri_ (Gypsy); man. neck (Bshk.); man.i Adam's apple (Sh.); mun~^u-god.^u flesh of nape of neck; nape of neck (K.); man.i vertebrae of neck (S.); man.i_ clitoris, knob of wood, pulley block (M.)(CDIAL 9732). Image: neck: man.iko vertebrae of neck, Adam's apple (S.); man:ka_ nape of neck, vertebra of neck (L.); Adam's apple, amulet worn round neck (M.); man:ko single vertebra of neck (G.)(CDIAL 9732). magar back of shoulder, back (P.); magir head; magar (WPah.)(CDIAL 9701). mak neck (Kol.); makk id. (Nk.)(DEDR 4622).

6480.Image: snipe; quail: vartika_ a quail; varti_ra, vartira a kind of quail (Skt.lex.) vartika_ quail (RV. i.122.6); bat.e_ra (H.)(Vedic.lex.) bat.a a quail, or snipe, coturnix coturnix; bhon.d.e bat.a a large quail; dak bat.a the painted snipe, rostraluta benghalensis; dhinaur bat.a the common or fantail snipe, capella gallinago; gun.d.ri bat.a a small type, coloured like a gun.d.ri; ku~k bat.a a medium-sized type; khed.ra bat.a the smallest of all; tir.nic bat.a a small type (Santali.lex.) vat.t.aka_ quail, snipe (Pali.lex.) cf. bat.er quail (Ku.B.)(CDIAL 11350). cf. vartika_ quail (RV.)(CDIAL 11361). Image: quail: gund.ral (pl. gund.rahk) a kind of quail (Go.); gun.d.ri_ quail (Kur.)(DEDR 1696). Image: quail: varti_ra, vartira making turns (of the quail)(Sus'r.); bat.er quail (Ku.B.); bat.ara, batara the grey quail (Or.); bat.er quail (Mth.H.P.); bat.era_ (P.); bat.e_ra_ (L.); bat.ero (S.); ba_t.ur^u a kind of quail (K.); ba_t.e_ra quail (K.)(CDIAL 11350). uwre partridge (Ash.)[cf. o_r.a_ bird (Kur.); o_r.e_ a small bird (Kur.); vartika_ quail (RV.); va_rtika (Skt.); vartaka_ (Skt.); va_rta_ka (Car.); or.e quail (Malt.)(DEDR 1040)]; wat.i_ (Pas'.); ha_ra-wut.^u species of waterfowl (K.)(ha_ra- < s'a_ra-); barti quail, partridge (Kho.); vat.t.aka_-, vat.t.aka- in cmpds.: quail (Pali); vat.t.aya- (Pkt.); bat.t.a_i (N.); bata_-sara_i (A.)[cf. sa_r.e (sa_l.e) quail (Nk.); sa_le, salle id. (Kol.)(DEDR 2480)]; batui, bat.uya_ (B.); vat.uva_ snipe, sandpiper (Si.); bha_t.oi, bha_t.ui the grey quail cotarnix communis (Or.); bha_roi, bha_rui (Or.); va_t.i_- a kind of bird (Car.)(CDIAL 11361). cf. van.t.a_n-am pelican ibis (Ta.); van.t.a_r..n.-kuruku a kind of heron (Ta.); van.t.a_ran.-ko_r..i Indian crane (Ma.)(DEDR 5238).

6481.Sword: pat.t.am sword (Ta.); pat.t.a id. (Te.); pat.t.ayam id. (Ma.); id. (Vir-alivit.u)(Ta.lex.) cf. pat.t.ika_ (Skt.) Sword: pat.t.a_ sword (Ta.Ka.); pat.t.a_-k-katti sword (Ta.); a double-edged sword (Te.); flat blade for cutting grass (Ta.lex.) pattiram small sword (Kampara_. U_rte_. 170); arrow (Kur-r-a_. Tala. 14,39); a kind of moulding in a pedestal (S.I.I. ii,222) < bhadra; pattira-lin:kam altar of sacrifice (Caiva. Potu. 127, Urai)(Ta.lex.) bhadra fortunate, delightful (RV.); bhadraka good (Mn.); bhadda good, happy (Pali)(CDIAL 9377). Sword: pat.t.aiyam sword (Ta.); pat.t.am sword, weapon (Ta.); pat.t.aya, pat.e, pat.t.a_ a long and broad sword (Ka.); pat.t.iyamu, pat.t.emu sword (Te.); pat.a_ a long, broad sword with two edges; a wooden foil (H.); pattra(ka) blade of sword or knife, knife, dagger (Skt.)(DBIA 247). Image: spear with three points: pat.t.asam, pat.t.is'am sharp-edged spear (Ma.); pat.t.icam weapon (Ta.); pat.t.is'a, pat.t.isa spear with a sharp edge (Ka.); pat.t.isamu a sort of weapon (Te.); pat.t.is'a spear with a sharp edge or some other weapon with three points (Skt.)(DBIA 247). Image: fish-hook: bad.is'a hook, fish-hook (MBh.); balis'a, baris'a, vad.is'a, valis'a, bilis'a (Skt. < non-Aryan, perhaps Munda origin); bal.isa fish-hook (Pali); bad.isa, balisa, bid.isa (Pkt.); balsi_, balchi_ (Ku.); balsi, balchi (N.); balche barbed (N.); barahi (A.); bar.is, bar.si (B.); bar.sa_, ba~r.si (B.); bar.isa, bar.isi, banasi, banisi fishing-rod and line (whence banasia_, banisia_ angler)(Or.); bansi fish-hook (Mth.); banasi_ (OAw.); balasa, biliya, bili-kat.uva (Si.)(CDIAL 9123). vat.icam fish-hook, tu_n.t.il (Ta.lex.< bad.isa).

6482.Axe (Some Munda etymologies): gc? axe (Bonda); hake middle-sized axe for cutting wood (Munda); axe (Ho.); vake (Korwa); ak(h)ej (Mowase.); akhe (Korku); gak, he:g adze (Soma.); hak to split (Bahnar); hak to tear; jik to cut (Stieng). maloe battle axe (Didey); maray big axe (Bonda)[This seems to be a Drav. word: cf. mars, maras axe (Go.)]. cf. paku (pakuv-, pakk-) to be split, divided (Ta.) (DEDR 3808). cf. vakuka to divide (Ma.)(DEDR 5202). Axe: mar..u mace, hatchet, red-hot iron for ordeals (Ma.); axe, battle-axe, red-hot iron for ordeals (Ta.); mari axe (Ga.); mars, maras, mar(a)su, magsu, mar.su id. (Go.); marzu id. (Kond.a); massa_ t.ong'e a large kind of axe (Kur.); masu axe (Malt.); mad.i large axe for splitting wood (Pa.); mad.u axe (Ka.) matti axe with blade fastened through wooden handle (Kod..); maccu-k-katti pruning knife (Ta.); marcu, maccu, maccu-katti billhook or straight knife used for cutting bushes (Ka.); wood-knife, billhook (Te.); mad.d.u-katti id., blunt knife (Te.); mar.t axe; mal.v piece of iron used to strike chisel (Ko.); most axe (To.); mad.u axe (Ka.); axe, hatchet (Te.)(DEDR 4749). cf. mar..i (-pp-, -tt-) to shave, esp. the head (Ta.); man.- (mayn.d.-) to shave (Ko.)(DEDR 4748). cf. mar..u blunt (Ta.); mar..unnane_ a_ka to grow blunt (Ma.)(DEDR 4750). cf. mar..ukku to beat, pound, hull by pounding (as paddy)(Ta.); mar..akkuka to beat, wash, cleanse (Ma.)(DEDR 4751).

6483.Image: junction of four roads: pat.t.am junction of four roads (Ta.lex.); pat.t.a a place where four roads meet (Skt.lex.) To send: pih- (pist-) to leave, abandon (Pe.); pih- (-t-) id. (Mand..); pihpa (piht-) to release, relinquish, let loose, set free, absolve, forgive, excuse, cast off; n. release, relinquishment, absolution (Kui); pih- (pist-) to leave, abandon; to leave, forsake; pissali to forsake; pih'nai to release, relinquish; pispi ki_nai to rescue, ransom; pispinai to release (Kuwi); puccu to send, abandon, give up, let go, release (as a sigh); puttencu to send, dispatch, forward; puppincu to send (Te.)(DEDR 4138). prahin.o_ti despatches, sends (RV.); prahita sent (RV.); sent away (MBh.); pahin.ati despatches (Pali); c.e~_ to send (Mai.); ceho~ (Chil.); ciyo~_ (Gau.); c.hin.o_nu, c.in.yo_nu, c.han.oiki (Sh.);cf. ce_yo_n- one who is remote (Tiruva_ca. 1,8); ce_y distance, remoteness; ce_r to go, advance (Kur-al., 910)(Ta.lex.)] pahita sent (Pali); prahita (NiDoc.); pahia (Pkt.); chhai-gil (Mai.); pe-, inf. pyu_sa to send (Tor.)(CDIAL 8908). Traveller: pahia traveller (Pkt.); pathika id. (MBh.); pahiya (OG.); pai in paron.o-pai visitor, guest (G.)(CDIAL 7745). pahia_, paiha_, pahe_a_, pe_ha_ path (P.)(CDIAL 7756). poch^u guest (K.)(CDIAL 7746). payu~, paiyu~ foot-track, esp. the track over which bullocks move when drawing water (G.)(CDIAL 7747). Foot: pada footstep, track, place (RV.); footstep, pace, foot (Pali); paya footstep, foot (Pkt.); payo leg (Ku.); leg or foot of a chair (B.); paya feet (OG.)(CDIAL 7747). pat.am instep (Ta.); pat.am flat part of the hand or foot (Ma.); pat.a key palm of hand (Pe.); pat.a kiy id. (Mand..); pat.a ka_l sole of foot (Mand..); pat.a naki palm of hand (Kuwi)(DEDR 3843). pair. footprint, track (P.); foot (H.); paira_ foot (of hill, vessel, road)(CDIAL 7752). peru footwork, foot, paw (S.); pero footmark, track (S.); perr.yo on foot (S.); pair, per, pe_r foot (L.); pe_ra_ track (L.); pair foot (P.H.K.N.A.); id. (Mth.OAw.)(CDIAL 7756). poi on foot (Kho.)(CDIAL 7763). mala palm of the hand, sole of the foot (Kuwi); mad.a id. (Kui)(DEDR 4731). pa_tha way, path (Pa_n..gan.); pantha_ path, road (RV.); pa~_thi_ parting of the hair (G.); pa~_th road (M.); pandh, paddh road, distance (L.); pon road (Kho.)(CDIAL 7785). pam.tha traveller (Pkt.); pa~_dhi_ (S.); pa_ndhi_ (P.)(CDIAL 8091). prapad forepart of foot (AV.); papada (Pali); frabda (Av.); pod^u sole of foot, foot, elephant's or camel's foot (K.); pabu ball of food (S.); prabb id. (L.); pab ball or front part of sole of foot or shoe (L.); pab toe (L.); pabb forepart of foot (P.)(CDIAL 8702). Road: pa.v way, path (Kol.); pa_v way, road (Nk.); path (Nk..); road (Pa.Ga.); pa_vu id. (Ga.); pa_b road, path, journey (Kur.); pawu way, path, road (Malt.)(DEDR 4108). pavi road (Marw.); pa_va_h cattle-path between two hedges, land near a village (L.); pavah, pa_h cattle-path between two hedges (L.); prapatha way, journey (RV.)(CDIAL 8679). Road: pad.aa road (Pkt.)(CDIAL 8030). vartman track of a wheel, path (RV.); vat.uma path, road (Pali); vat.t.a (Pkt.); vat.t.a_, vat.t.amaya, vad.u_maga (Pkt.); wath, dat. wati (K.); va_t.a (S.); va_t., ba_t., batta, bat, batt (P.); batt, bat (WPah.); ba_t. path, pass (Ku.); ba_t.o path (Ku.); ba_t.o (obl. ba_t.a postposition 'from')(N.); ba_t. (A.B.); ba_t.a path, place (Or.); path (OAw.OMarw.); ba_t. path (Mth.H.); ba_t (Bhoj.); va_t. (G.M.Konkan.i); vat.uma road (Si.); devat.a lane (Si. de- < de_s'a- ?); --Derivatives: bat.uwa_ traveller (N.); bet.o of the road (B.); ba_t.ua_ traveller (Or.); va_t.vo (G.); vat road (Si.)(CDIAL 11366). bat.oi traveller (Ku.); bat.ohi (N.); ba_t.i, ba_t.ei (Or.); bat.ohi_, bat.hia_ (Mth.); bat.o(h)i_ (H.)(CDIAL 11367). va_ti_ path (Gypsy); va_t. (L.); vat.u (Si.); vartis journey (RV.)(CDIAL 11363). pa_di, ha_di road (Ka.)(DEDR 4087). pa_t.t.ai road, way (Ta.); ba_t.a (Te.); ba_t.e (Ka.); pa_t.akam street; section of a village (Ta.lex.) pa_tai way, road; beaten-track, foot-path (Ta.lex.) pai~d.a_ road, distance (P.); pai~r.a_ (Mth.); pa_yar.a_ footpath (OH.); pai~d., poe~d. track, path (H.)(CDIAL 7753). poh footprint, track (Kho.)(CDIAL 7754). Way: vartman track of a wheel, path (RV.); vat.uma path, road (Pali); vat.t.a-, vat.t.a_-, vat.t.amaya-, vad.u_maga- (Pkt.); wath, dat. watti, wat (K.); va_t.a (S.); va_t. (P.G.M.Konkan.i); ba_t. (P.Ku.A.B.Mth.H.); batta, bat (P.); batt (P.WPah.); ba_t.o path (Ku.N.); obl. ba_t.a_ postp. 'from' (N.); ba_t.a path, place (Or.); path (OMarw.); ba_t path (Bhoj.); vat.uma road (Si.); devat.a lane (Si.)[ de- < de_s'a?]; vattani track, path (Pali); vat.t.ani_ road (Pkt.); bat.uwa_ traveller (N.); bet.o of the road (B.); ba_t.ua_ traveller (Or.); va_t.vo (G.); vat road (Si.)(CDIAL 11366). bat.oi traveller (Ku.); bat.ohi (N.); ba_t.oi, ba_t.ei (Or.); bat.ohi_, bat.ohia_, bat.ohini (Mth.); bat.o(h)i_ (H.)(CDIAL 11367). pathipa_ road-guard (Skt.); vat.ua_l watchman (P.); batva_l (P.)(CDIAL 11369). panwa_l road-guard (Phal.)(CDIAL 7783). panrac.o road-guard, advance guard of an army, anyone giving information about the state of a road (Sh.); panthiraks.as protecting roads (VS.); panthiraks.i (RV.)(CDIAL 7784). advan road (RV.); addhan (Pali); addha-, addha_n.a (Pkt.); adhavici in the middle of the road (OG.); adan high road, long way, stretch of time (Si.)(CDIAL 281). adhva_yo carrier who carts traders' goods, cattle-dealer (G.); pathiva_haka burden-carrier (Skt.)(CDIAL 2822). Image: road: varti track (VS. xx.81); vartman track, course, path, road (RV. i.85.3; A_pS'S. 2362)(Vedic.lex.) vat.t.i path, way (Aka. Ni.)(Ta.lex.) Rolling of wheel: vartana a globe, ball; vartula a ball; vartulam a circle (Skt.lex.) vartana a spindle; turning round, revolving, rolling on; vartani a wheel (Vedic); the track of a wheel; vartis circuit, orbit (Vedic)(Skt.lex.) vartani rolling (of a wheel)(RV. viii.63.8); vat.t.ana_ id. (P.); vartani track, path (RV. iv.45.3; x.5.4); vartu act of turning (RV. vii.101.2)(Vedic.lex.) bat. a road; dobat.ia where two roads meet (Santali.lex.) cf. vartman track of a wheel, path (RV.)(CDIAL 11366). Way: vat.t.ai < vat.t.a_ (Pkt.) < vartman way (Kalla_. 40,13) (Ta.lex.) vartana a road, way; vartani id.; vartis a way, path; vartman a way, road, path, passage, track; sthala-vartmana_ by land; vartmani_ a road, way (Skt.lex.) Image: road: {Echo word} bat.t.e, ban.t.e (Tadbhava of va_t.a) a path, a road,a way (Ka.); vat.t.e (Ma.); vat.t.ai (Ta.); va_t.a (M.); bat.t.e-ga_n. to see a way; bat.t.e-ga_val a convoy or guard to protect a traveler; bat.t.e-ged.u a road to fail; to lose the way; bat.t.e vid.i to enter on a journey, to start; bat.t.e bat.t.e (Ka.); bat.t.e-ga one who has a road or track (Ka.); ba_t.e a road (Ka.H.); va_t.a (Skt.); ra_ja-ba_t.a the king's highway, a high road (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

6484.Image: eyelashes: vartani the eyelashes (Skt.); vartas the eyelashes (Vedic); vartman an eye-lid; vartma-ro_ga a disease of the eyelids (Skt.lex) vartman eye-lashes (ChUp.)(Vedic.lex.)

6486.Perfumed match or taper: varti_ the wick of a lamp; vartika_ a paint-brush; the wick of a lamp (Skt.lex.) vartti, vatti wick (Ta.); oil-cup of a lamp (Ta.lex.) vat.t.ikai < vartika_ painter's brush, drawing pencil (Man.i. 4,57); vat.t.ikai-p-palakai tablet for painting (Ci_vaka. 1107)(Ta.lex.) varti wick (MBh.); small compress (Sus'r.); lamp (Skt.); vartika_ wick (Skt.); vat.t.i, vat.t.ika_ wick (Pali); vat.t.i_, vat.t.ia_, vatti (Pkt.); bati_ unlit native lamp, candle, wick of European lamp (Sh.); vat.i wick (S.); vat.t. roll of grass, wick (L.); vat. wick (L.); vat.t.i_, bat.t.i_, batti_ (P.); ba_ti lamp (N.); bati (N.H.); ba_ti (A.); wick, lamp, candle (B.); bati lamp (Or.H.); ba_ti_ (Bi.Mth.Bhoj.); wick (OAw.H.); batti_ (H.); va_t. lamp (G.); va_t wick (M.); va_ti_ perfumed match or taper (G.); va_ti wick (Konkan.i); vt-a lamp; vt.i-ya wick (Si.); vo' lamp (Md.); ba_to wick, lamp (Ku.); rope of twisted cane (to tid down thatch)(N.)(CDIAL 11359). di_pavat.t.i wick, lamp wick (Pali.lex.) sitthavat.t.ika_ candle (Pali.lex.) bat.i a lamp wick, a lamp of european manufacture (Santali.lex.) vya_vat.t.ana twist; vet.haka twister; vat.t.i, vat.t.ika_ roll (Pali.lex.) Metath.: Wick: tiri roll or twist of cloth or thread for a wick, torch of twisted cloth (Ta.); tiri, siri wick of a lamp (Tu.); tir-i a twist of anything flexible (Te.)(DEDR 3246).

6487.Image: a fish: bat.t.a-mi_nu a species of fish, ra_ji_va (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: fish: cf. bot.la ce~_pa a sort of fish, sparus (Te.)(DEDR 4498).

6488.Miracle: pra_tiha_rya juggling (Lalit.); pa_t.iha_riya, pa_t.ihi_ra wonder, miracle (Pali); pa_d.iha_riya magic for getting things back (Pkt.); pa_d.he_ra a partic. kind of worship (Pkt.); pel.ahara miracle, religious procession (Si.)(CDIAL 8937).prati_ha_ra juggler (BhP.)(CDIAL 8618).

6489.Image: cockroach; cricket: pa_r-r-a cockroach (Ma.); pa_ccai cockroach, cricket (Ta.); pa.t- cockroach (To.); ha_te, a_te, ha_ntE id. (Ka.); pa.te id. (Kod..)(DEDR 4123).

6490.Eye of an ornament: pat.u-kan. the eye in which the hook of an ornament is fastened (S.I.I. ii,157); pat.u-kan.n.i id. (Tiv. Periyati. 5,4,7, Vya_.)(Ta.lex.) Image: tongs: par-al.ai cramp-iron (W.); plate of metal (S.I.I. ii,7); smith's tongs (W.)(Ta.lex.) par-r-irumpu cramp-iron, iron-brace, band, cincture (Ta.Ma.) (Ta.lex.) par-r-am grasping, taking hold (Ta.lex.) pattu-k-ka_lo_n- crab, as having 10 feet (Ta.lex.) pat.uka_r-u pair of tongs, large pincers (Te.)(DEDR 3864). cf. ka_ru pincers, tongs (Ka.Te.Ga.); par-r-u-k-kur-at.u, par-r-u-kot.ir.u tongs, blacksmith's pincers (Cilap.16, 108, Arum.)(Ta.lex.) pat.aka_ru tongs, pincers (Ka.); pair of tongs, large pincers (Te.)(DEDR 1473). Image: to grasp: par-r-utal to grasp, seize, catch, hold (Tiruva_ca. 3,145); pat.t.u to seize; n. hold, seizure, firm grasp (Ka.); par-r-u to grasp, seize (Ta.); adhesion, friendship (Ma.); pat. to catch, seize (Ko.); pattu, partu to stick to, adhere, be united, join; n. adhesion, hold, a fight, friendship, trust (Ka.)(DEDR 4034). pat.u to catch, ensnare, entrap; to do, make, effect (Ta.lex.) Image: walking