7398.To deliver landed property: varga transferment of right or ownership with regard to lands; varka-kod.u to deliver land to somebody as his property; varga a ledger; pa_rikhattu a deed of reliquishment of claim for partition of property, a partition-deed (Ka.); pa_rakhata (M.H.); pa_rito_s.ika a reward, a gratuity, a present (Ka.); parito_s.a complete satisfaction, gratification, pleasure, delight (Ka.) (Ka.lex.)

7399.A tenure: parkka_ < barga_ (U.) agreement by which a cultivator engages to pay his landlord half the produce, the latter providing half the seed and paying the whole revenue (R.F.); parkattu < barakat (U.) prosperity, thriving (C.G.); parka_yittu < berga_it cultivator on parkka_ tenure (R.F.)(Ta.lex.) cf. pa_ri_kattu < fari_gh khatti (U.) partition deed (Ta.lex.)

7400.Living: cf. va_r.. (-v-, -nt-) to exist, live; n. regularity, order; va_r..kkai livelihood, prosperity, married life (Ta.); va_r..ikka to get a girl married, make to rule; va_r.. life; va_r..i living somewhere; a ruler; va_r..cca living prosperously, cultivation, reign, government (Ma.); ba_r..(u) living, livelihood, marriage (Ka.); ba.l.i way of life (Kod..); ba.mane house into which bride marries; ba.ce act of living; ba.ke ku.d.- (woman) marries; badik- (badiki-) to live, live happily; badiki property (Kod..); ba_l.uni to thrive, prosper, exist, subsist, endure; ba_l.ike existence, subsistence, prosperity, thriving; baduku living, livelihood, wealth, property (Tu.); b(r)atuku, b(r)aduku life, existence, livelihood, subsistence; bradimi existence, living, livelihood (Te.); badk- to subsist (Ko.); batt- to live; badkip- to make to live, bring up (Nk.); badk- to live (Pa.); badakto_r he lived (Go.); batki- (-t-) to live, flourish; batku life, living, prosperity (Kond.a); ba_rti longevity, long life (Kui); batkali, batkinai to live; batku living; batki ki- to make a good living, live happily (Kuwi); barkat prosperity (Tu. < U.); barikati id. (Kod.. < U.); barkat (Arabic)(DEDR 5372). parigraha enclosing, surrounding (S'Br.); pariggha taking, possessions (Pali.Pkt.); piriga_ acquisition (Si.)(CDIAL 7805).

7401.Goods unloaded from a cart, a boat: par-i goods unloaded or discharged as from a cart, a boat (W.)(Ta.lex.) Shipping, lading; bullock-load: pe_r-uka to load (as oxen); pe_r-u a load, esp. bullock-load (Ma.Ka.); per-r-u a pile (Ta.); pe_ra_t.a lading, shipping (Tu.)(DEDR 4446). bhar, bhari a load (Santali.lex.) bha_ra load (Pali)(Pali.lex.) A bullock's load: perike a bullock's load, any load or burden; pe_ru to load, burden (Tulu.lex.) pa_ram yoke for carrying a load (Ta.lex.) Carrying grain: per-ika a large sack of bag (Te.); per-uku to carry loads (Te.); pe.rn bullock-load (Ko.); perik a bullock's load, any burden (Tu.); per-ika_t.amu carrying grain on bullocks (Te.); he_ru a sack of corn (Tu.)(DEDR 4446). Riches: por-i riches, wealth (Na_n-man.i. 45); Laks.mi_ (Tiva_.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Wealth: pora matter (Kui); porl thing (Ko.); porul. property, riches (Ta.)(DEDR 4544). hor-e, por-e a load; the burden, bulk etc.; hor-e-ka_ra a porter (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) pore joining; to be put or attached to (Ka.); por-e a load, a burden; bulk, measure, quantity (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Image: bundle of firewood: herk a bundle of firewood (Go.); cer-aku in: van.t.acer-aku firewood for cooking (Te.)(DEDR 2794). cf. he_r-u, pe_r-u, he_r- a load, especially a bullock-load (Ka.); he_la (M.); he_r-isu, pe_r-isu to cause to load; pe_r-u to lift up and put upon; to load, to lade, to freight; to pile up (Ka.lex.) Load: he_r-u, pe_r-u, he_r-, he_rgal. a load, especially a bullock load; he_r-u, pe_r-u to lift up or take and put upon etc. (Ka.lex.) por-, por-u, hor-u to take upon or bear on the head; to bear as a burden etc; to take posssesion of mentally (Ka.); por-u (Ta.Ma.); por-e a load, burden; por-eya_l.u a porter (Ka.) (Ka.lex.) Load of people in a ferry: pu_ru load of people in a ferry (S.)(CDIAL 8330). To transport by bullock-load: por-e a load (Ka.); por-uppu burden; por-ai burden, load, weight (Ta.); por- (pot-) to carry or take in arms; or- (ot-) to carry, undertake, obey (Ko.); per burden (Ko.); pir- to carry (To.); par- a load (To.); por- to bear on the head, bear (as a burden), carry (Ka.); por-e a burden, measure, size (Ka.); pore a load; pori- (porip-) to carry; porid- (poridi-) to undertake an office (Kod..); pude load, burden (Tu.); por to load (Ga.)(DEDR 4565). pir-akku (pir-akki-) to heap, pile up; per-r-u a pile (Ta.); pe_r-r-u a load, esp. bullock-load (Ma.); pe_r-uka to load (as oxen), pile up (Ma.); pe.rn bullock-load (Ko.); pe_r-u to lift up and put upon, load, pile up; n. a load, esp. bullock-load (Ka.); po.r (po.ri-) to transport by pack-animal (Kod..); pe_ra_vuni, pe_runi to load, burden (Tu.); pe_ra_t.a lading, shipping (tu.); perike a bullock load, any burden (Tu.); periy a heap, pile (Tu.); he_ru a sack of corn (Tu.); pe_r(u)cu to pile or load up, arrange in a column or row (Te.); pe_r(u)pu piling or heaping up (Te.); per-ika_t.amu carrying grain on bullocks (Te.); per-ika a large sack or bag, a bullock which carries loads (te.); per-uku to carry loads (Te.); par. to pile up grain in a stack (Go.); per-- (peRt-) to take up, lift up (a load to carry on head or shoulder), heap up (burnt bricks of wood), lay (pot on fire); per-gis to cause to lift up (as load on an animal)(Kond.a); pez to pick up, lift (Pe.); piy to pick up (Mand..); pe_r.hali to lift; perh'nai to lift, raise (Kuwi); pehe to take up; pehre to take along; pehtre to assist in lifting (Malt.)(DEDR 4446). Load: bor^u load (K.); bharati bears, brings, keeps (RV.); supports, fills (Pali)(CDIAL 9397). Images: saddle; yoke for carrying; carrier, bearer: pa_rakan- < bha_rika carrier, bearer (Ci.Ci. 2,95); pa_ram < bha_ra bearing, sustaining; saddle; pa_ram yoke for carrying a load (Ta.lex.) bhra carrying, carrying away, booty (RV.); weight, mass (Skt.)(CDIAL 9393).

7402.Image: saddle: parya_n.am a saddle (Skt.lex.) parya_n.a, palyayana, pallan.a a saddle (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Trust; support: bhara carrying, carrying away, booty (RV.); weight, mass (skt.); load, fullness (Pkt.); loaded cart (OG.); bar, pl. bari load (Sh.); bharu prop; bhari load (S.); bhari_ heavy load (L.); porter's load, sheaf of straw (P.); bhar fullness, surety (Ku.); faith, trust, support (N.); weight, reliance, support (A.); dependence (B.); load, fulness (Mth.); load (H.); cartload (of grass or fuel), fill (G.); load (M.); bharilo abundant (N.); bharo tax, rent (N.); bhara_ load (A.B.Or.H.); a corn measure (M.); support (B.); bhari a small weight = 1 tola_ (B.); bara load (Si.)(CDIAL 9393). bha_ra burden, weight (RV.); load (Pali); bha_raka weight (Mn.); -bha_raka load (Pali); bhara, bara (NiDoc.); bha_ra, bha_raya load, weight (Pkt.); pharo heavy; bar trouble, vexation (Gypsy); ba_r burden, load (Ash.); ba_r (Kt.Shum.Dm.Pas'.); ba_ load, bundle (Wg.); pa_r, pye_r heavy (Wot..); pha_r load (Kal.); bha_r load (Kal.L.P.); id. (WPah.N.); id. (B.Mth.H.G.M.); load carried on pole over shoulder, weight, responsibility (A.); bar (with rising tone) load, burden, present of food on conclusion of marriage from bride's house and the return present (Kho.); bar load, bundle of wood (Sh.); ba_r id. (Sh.); load (K.); bha_ru burden (Phal.); ba_ra heavy (K.); Heavy; debt: bha_ro_ load (WPah.); bha_ra_ heavy (L.P.); load (WPah.); debt (N.B.); load (H.); bha_ri bundle (N.); bha_ro load, debt (Ku.); load, beam (G.); bha_ri_ bundle of sticks (G.M.); bara, ba..ra load, weight; baruva weight on a fishing line (Si.); baru burden, load (Md.); bha_ra load (OAw.)(CDIAL 9459). bha_ratara heavy (Skt.); forming a heavier load (Pali); bharera_ heavy, fat, elderly (P.)(CDIAL 9461). bha_rika forming a load, heavy (Sus'r.); bha_ri ponderous (of tone)(Skt.); bha_ri_ heavy (P.Ku.Aw.H.G.M.); bha_ri (N.A.B.Or.Bi.); ba..ra (Si.); biru impossible (Md.); bura difficult (Md.); bha_rilla heavy (Pkt.); bharilo well-filled, stout and strong (N.)(CDIAL 9465). bha_rin bearing a load (Mn.); ba..rin.i_ pregnant woman (Si.)(CDIAL 9466).

7403.Dignity: ba_ravan.e, bha_ran.e weightiness; weight, importance, dignity (Ka.); bha_rama_na gravity or weight (M.)(Ka.lex.) bha_ran.e a load, a burden; a heavy burden, great weight; muchness, excessiveness; greatness, gravity, dignity (Ka.lex.)

7404.Image: double bag on a pack-ox: vari--ko_n.iyal double bag, a pair of bags, with their mouths joined together used in loading a pack-ox on either side (Ta.lex.)

7405.Image: speed: beragu haste, speed, expedition (Ka.); virai (Ta.); vire to make haste; to be eager or importunate (Ma.); viraivu speed, haste (Ta.); viravu (Ma.); beraga a hasty, impertinent, rude man (Ka.lex.) vira-col word repeated to indicate haste (Tol. Col. 424); virai-tal to be speedy, swift, rapid (Kur-al., 474)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

7406.To run; flow: pari (-v-, -nt-) to run, go out, escape; motion, speed, rapidity, pace of a horse; parippu motion; pariyal going fast (Ta.); pary- (parc-) (horse) gallops; ride at a gallop (To.); pari, hari to run, flow, proceed (as work), go away, disappear, be discharged (as a debt); moving, running, flowing, stream; parike, pariya running; parivu id., flowing, current (Ka.); pariyuni, hariyuni to run, flow; aryuni to flow, run (as water); parapuni to flow (as water); parapu flowing, running; pari path, way; payyolu, payyoli horse, riding, galloping; bayyelu running, riding; bayyol.i a walk (Tu.); parugu, paruvu, parvu running, a run; paruvid.u to run; parapu to cause to flow; pa_ru to run, run away, have a motion of the bowels, purge, fly (Te.); pa_rap- to flow (Ga.); parce, parctre to run away (Malt.)(DEDR 3963). Images: running; forming a ring and dancing: pe_ri galloping, running, as men, horses etc.; pe_ran.i, pe_ran.e dancing, skipping (Ka.); pe_ran.i, pe_ravan.i, pe_re course, pace, running, gallop (Te.); phe_ra, phe_ra_ turning round in a ring, or galloping up and down, as a horse; forming a ring and dancing and capering (M.); pe_ran.i a sword-dance (Ka.); pe_ran.iga a dancer, an actor (Ka.lex.) Semant. 'circle' cf. pher turn; phera_ circle (H.)(CDIAL 9078). Images: wanders, turns; to turn back: cf. phirai goes, returns (Pkt.); phe_ran.a turning (Pkt.); pheroiki to turn, turn back (Sh.)(CDIAL 9078). Image: to leap; run: pari-tal to run (Pur-ana_. 97); to go out; to escape (Civappira. Civaa_. Necu. 81); pari-ttal to run, proceed (Kur-un. 401); pari motion, gait (Kur-un. 44); speed, rapidity, quickness; pace of a horse (Pur-ana_. 4); horse (Tiruva_ca. 8,3)(Ta.lex.) paraiti goes, goes away (RV.); pare_ti sets out, goes on to (Pali); par-, 1st sg. param I shall go (Pas'.); pari_m, pari_s, pareu < paraimi, parais.i, paraiti (Kal.); par- to go, become (Par.); pare_del to run (Psht.)(CDIAL 7914). parippu movement, motion (Pur-ana_. 30); pariyal going fast (Akana_. 28)(Ta.lex.) par-apar-a (-pp-, -tt-) to hasten, hurry; par-ati overhastiness, over-anxiety; par-i (-v-, -nt-) to run away (as a horse), flow out quickly; pa_r-u (pa_r-i-) to run, flee (Ta.); par-i, par-u running swiftly; par-isu to cause oneself to run (Ka.); pa_r- (pa_rd-), pa_r-u (pa_r-i-) to leap up, run, jump, fly, cross by jumping (as a stream), copualte (as a bull); pa_r-isu, ha_r-isu, a_r-isu to cause to jump, etc.; par-u running, flying (Ka.); pa.r- (pa.ri-) to fly, leap (Kod..); pa_runi to run, fly, escape; pa_rele runner, fugitive; pa_ra_t.a running, a race; pa_ra_vuni to cause to run, drive; ra_puni, ra_vuni to fly (Tu.); par-acu to run away, flee, flow; cause to flee; par-apu to send away, cause to flee; shoot, discharge; pa_r-u to run, flow; fly; pa_r-a_do_lu to drive away, chase away (Te.)(DEDR 4020). pa_r-u-tal to run, flee (Kampara_. Kumpatka. 182)(Ta.lex.)

7407.Image: male wild cat: bara_gh a leopard, a panther (P.lex.) bar.hbilla, baharbilla, bahar.billa a wild cat; bahgar. billa_ a wild cat (spoken to frighten children); ba_gh a tiger; ba_ghn.i_ a tigress; baghela_, bagheli_ a tiger's whelp; baghar. billa_ a wild cat; a large tom-cat (P.lex.) verukku-vit.ai male of wild cat (Pur-ana_. 324)(Ta.lex.) beru a wild-cat (Tulu.lex.) veruku wild cat (verukku vit.aiyan-n-a : Pur-ana_. 324)(Ta.lex.) cf. veruku tom-cat, wild cat (Ta.); varka_r wild cat (Go.)(CDIAL 5490). Image: tiger: varippuli Bengal tiger; varivayam tiger, as striped (Pur-ana_. 100)(Ta.lex.) Image: leopard: bir, bir pakar. jungle, forest, wild, undomesticated; bir janwar wild animals; bir pusi a wild cat; veiled name for leopards and tigers; birnaha wild, undomesticated; of solitary habits, strange (Santali.lex.) Image: jackal: varad.u, varud.u an old fox (Te.); bal.l.u, ol.l.u a jackal (Ka.); vavva_yi, vavva_li a fox (Ma.)(Ka.lex.) Image: leopard; jackal: bhe_rum.d.a leopard (Pkt.)[phe_t.-ka_ra howling (BHSkt.)]; [put.t.a fox, jackal (Ma.); put.t.e id. (Tu.)(DEDR 4261)]. phe_ru jackal (BhP.); phe_run.d.a (Skt.); bhe_ran.d.aka jackal (BHSk.); leopard (Pali); pheruwa_ jackal (A.); pheran.d.a_ jackal (Or.); pheu jackal's cry (A.); fox, jackal (B.); phauhi_ jackal (P.); fe_wat.a_ a kind of jackal (WPah.); phyu_n.o inferior kind of jackal (Ku.); phya_uro a kind of fox (N.); phya_uri its vixen (N.)(CDIAL 9112). Image: cat: vira_lam < vira_la cat (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.) bid.a_raka, vid.a_raka a cat; bid.a_laka, vid.a_laka a cat (Skt.lex.) vit.ai tom-cat (Tol. Po. 623, Urai.)(Ta.lex.)

7408.Stale: hasuku a disagreeable smell of certain leaves or unripe fruits, the smell of raw meat, etc. (Ka.); pa_yu, pa~_cu, pa_su to be rotten; p(r)a~_ci foulness, staleness, nastiness (Te.); pa_s- to get addled, get sour (of food)(Kol.); to become stale (Nk.); pa~_se left-over food from the previous day, spoiled food (Ga.); pa_- (-t-) to rot and smell offensively (of any food, rice, fruit, or a dead animal)(Kond.a); pa_n.t.al rancidity, mustiness, fetidness, mouldiness, staleness; pa_n.t.ai bad smell, as of rotten fish (Ta.)(DEDR 4057). cf. par..a old (Ta.)(DEDR 3999). pa_r.. go to ruin (Ta.)(DEDR 4110). paryus.t.a old, faded (BhP.); paryus.ita stale (Mn.); pari(v)usia, parijusia stale (Pkt.); pa_rus.n.e~ to become stale (M.); pa_rot.h decayed through long disuse (G.); pa_ru_tho stale (S.); pa_ru_tha_ stale; food cooked overnight (L.); parossa_ food set aside for one who has not joined the party, food to be sent to a friend (P.); pa_ravsa_, pa_rosa_ stale; one who has not yet performed his daily ablutions (M.)(CDIAL 7861). par.n. to lose scent (perfumes), to become fetid, to fade, to lose colour (P.lex.)

7409.Fragrance: parimal.a-k-kur..ampu a fragrant mixture (W.)(Ta.); parimal.a-t-tiraviyam fragrant substance; parimal.a-tailam fragrant oil (Ta.); parimal.am < pari-mala fragrance, perfume (Kampara_. Citti. 25); parimal.i-ttal to spread sweet smell; to be fragrant; parimal.ippu giving out fragrance (Ta.lex.) parimala, parimal.a exquisite fragrance, perfume, fragrant scent; kammitu, savusava, kampu, kammitu, magamagisu, nar-u; the pounding or tituration of perfumes; parimalita perfumed, scented; parimal.isu to be exquisitely fragrant, to be highly perfumed; parimal.isuha being exquisitely fragrant; smell, as one of the objects of sense (Ka.lex.) parimala copulatory pleasure (Skt.); fragrance arising from the tituration of substances; fragrance (Skt.); fragrance (Pkt.); pimal fragrance; pimal.vu~ to give out a sweet odour (G.)(CDIAL 7854).

7410.Perfuming the body: parikarman perfuming the body (after bathing) (MBh.); preparation (Skt.); parikamma preparation (Pali); parikamma, pare_yamman.a decoration (Pkt.); piriyama adorning, any beautiful or well-finished work (Si.)(CDIAL 7799w). Image: body: par-i body (par-iye_ cumantur..alvi_r par-inari ki_r-uva tar-iyi_r : Te_va_. 1154,2)(Ta.lex.) Fragrant powder: para_ga fragrant powder used after bathing (Ka.lex.) para_kam fragrant powder; sandalwood (Malai.); dust (Tirukko_. 194)(Ta.lex.) sam.spars'a close contact (AV.); samphassa contact, relation (Pali) sam.pha_sa touch (Pkt.); hapus horripilation (Si.)(CDIAL 13056). pari sense of touch (Ve_ta_. Cu_. 77)(Ta.lex.) To adorn: spars'ayate_ adorns (RV.); causes to be touched (RV.); pispr.s'ati will cause to be adorned (RV.); pha_sn.e, pha~_sn.e~ to rub over thoroughly (with ashes etc.)(M.); parsn.a_ to touch, sprinkle ceremonially (P.); parsanu to sprinkle (sacrificial animal with water, wedding party with rice)(N.); spr.s'ati sprinkles (Gr.S'r.)(CDIAL 13811). Touch: paricam < spars'a sense of touch (Ja_n-ava_. Vi_taka. 47)(Ta.lex.) spars'a touch (Mn.); phassa touch (Pali); phas.a (KharI.); parasa (Skt.); pharisa(ga), pham.sa, pha_sa, pharasa (Pkt.); phas' stroking, rubbing the limbs (to allay itching), plastering (with mud or cowdung), wiping out (K.); pha~_s anything which gets under nails and hurts, splinter (of bamboo etc.)(H.); phasa_ pha_tto_ru touchstone (Konkan.i); pas-a touch, feeling (Si.)(CDIAL 13809). spars'ana touching (S'vetUp.); sensation (Mn.); phassana_ touch (Pali) pharasan.a organ of touch (Pkt.); pharasan.a touch (OG.)(CDIAL 13810). spars'ayati causes to touch (TS.pra_t.); phasse_ti touches, attains (Pali); pha_se_i, pha_sai touches (Pkt.); parasna_ to touch (H.); parasvu~ (G.)(CDIAL 13811). spr.s'ati touches, strokes (RV.); phusati touches (Pali); phusai touches, wipes, rubs (Pkt.); pharisai touches (OG.); phosav, phosav to prick, stab (Gypsy); phusalyu_n.o to cajole (Ku.); phuslya_unu (N.); phusala_iba_ (Or.); phusla_na_ (H.); phosla_vvu~ (G.): phusla_vin.e~ (M.)(CDIAL 13815). spr.s'ya to be touched (MBh.); phassa pleasant (Pali)(cf. phussa absol. of phusati touches); nupus invaluable (Si.)(CDIAL 13816). cf.[semant. 'adorn': pu_ja_ honour, worship (A_s'vGr..); puda offerings, worship (Si.)(CDIAL 8317). aspr.s.t.a untouched (BhP.) spr.s.t.a touched (AV.); apput.t.ha untouched (Pkt.); apu_t. unadulterated (H.); untouched, untasted, unbroken (M.)(CDIAL 984).

7411.Materials, tools, requisites: vira_y, vira_yam materials, as for a piece of work (Ta.); tal.ava_t.am = tools, materials, requisites, tackle, furniture (Ka.Ma.) (Ta.lex.) Expedient: viraku means, expedient, contrivance (I_t.u. 1,3,,Pra.); veravu id. (Te.); beragu (Ka.); viraku cleverness, prudence, tact; cunning (Kampara_. Intiracittuvatai. 28); discretion, discriminative knowledge (Tiruva_n-aik. Campumu. 41); enthusiasm (Me_ruman. 342)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Tool: haruvu, harvu a way,a means, an expedient (Ka.lex.) cf. karuvu, karugu a mould (Te.); karavi,karu, garu a mould (Tu.)(DEDR 1280). cf. karuvi instrument, tool (Ta.); kari, karivi, karuvi, karu tool, plough, weapon (Ma.)(DEDR 1290).

7412.Provisions; paraphernalia: parikara apparatus, articles, as the vessels, flowers, perfumes etc. used at pu_ja (Ka.lex.) parika_ram store, provisions (Cir-upa_n.. 104); pariccantam royal insignia and paraphernalia (Me_ruman. 1048); pariccin-n-am insignia of a great person (Periyapu. Tiruja_n-a. 1016); Instruments: parikaram means, instrument, agent (I_t.u, 9,1,1); parikalapariccin-n-an:kal. attendants in charge of the royal paraphernalia (S.I.I. v,104)(Ta.lex.) paris.ka_ra ornament (MBh.); parikkha_ra apparatus (Pali); pirikara ornament, requisites (Si.)(CDIAL 7894). Provisions: parika_ram < pari-kara tribute (Ta.inscr.)(Ta.lex.) parin.aya leading round, especially leading the bride round the sacred fire; marrying, marriage (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) pa_ri-kattu < fari_gh-khatti release deed (W.); partition, division; partition-deed (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Seasoning: parika_ra preparation: seasoning food with salt, pepper etc.; condiment, spice or seasoning; upaskara; u_t.ada parika_ra (Ka.lex.)

7413.Image: plank over the top of a doorway: paran. watch tower (Ta.Ma.); rack over a fireplace, loft under the roof of a house; upper storey (Tiv. Tiruva_y. 8,4,1) (Ta.lex.) bharn.u~ completing, piece placed on top of pillar to support a beam (G.); bharna_ plank over doorway on which wall is built up (Bi.); bharn.e~ piece of wood filled in between head of post and crosspiece (M.)(CDIAL 9395). pa_ri the two side-posts of a cart wherein the pegs are fastened (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) bhara~_t.h, bharait.h plank over the top of a doorway on which the wall is built (Bi.)(CDIAL 9394). Image: dike: baran.i, baron.i a water-course made out of a cocoanut palm stem (Tu.lex.) vartra dike, dam (AV.); vat.i-ya dam between fields serving as path (Si.)(CDIAL 11370). ba_ran.a obstruction, dam (Or.)(CDIAL 11553). cf. varattuva_ri supply channel, feeding channel of a tank (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) Image: sluice: paran.i sluice of a tank (W.)(Ta.lex.) parnala a water shoot, a drain, a sput, a gutter from the roofs of houses (P.lex.)

7415.Images: to string beads; to perforate with a needle: parovun. to perforate (with a needle), wreathe (L.); paron.a_, piron.a_, puron.a_ to string (beads etc.)(P.); parivayati interweaves (BhP.); paryuta set with (S'Br.); pirun to string (beads etc.)(K.); pirona_ to plait, weave on, string (pearls etc.), thread a needle (H.)(CDIAL 7869). piranun to string (beads etc.)(K.)(CDIAL 7868). pirohana_ to plait, weave on, string (beads etc.)(OH.)(CDIAL 7867). Image: to perforate: pa_re_ti bores through, makes go through (Pali)(CDIAL 8106).

7416.Image: to part, separate: pari-tal to part, separate (W.)(Ta.lex.)

7417.Image: ornamental dots: par-y- (par-c-) to beautify (bamboo pot with black dots, teeth by polishing)(To.); par-i to adorn, decorate; n. ornament, decoration, embellishment (Ka.)(DEDR 4028). cf. parase perforations in a small tumbler-like arrangement in a contrivance for making vermicelli (Tu.lex.) Spotted cloth: parus.a spotted (RV.); pharu_ha_ spotted cloth (P.)(CDIAL 7909). mar-u blot, spot,freckle (Ta.Ma.); mas.t black pigmented spot on body (To.); mar-aka stain, blot, spot (Te.)(DEDR 4767). Mole: masa_ wart, mole (H.); matsya a mole on the body (M.); maccu blemish, fault, that which is improper; maccam mole on the skin (Ta.); mat black or white spot on skin (Ko.); mas.t black pigmented spot on body (To.); macca, macce black speck or spot on skin, mole, freckle, scar of a wound; matti freckle, mark; maja mole (Ka.); maja, maje a natural speck, spot, freckle, mole; majane a kind of black scars on the body (Tu.); macca spot, speck, stain, blot, blemish, mole, feckle, scar (Te.); masa mole, wart (Go.); masa blot; pud.gu masa birthmark, mole (Kond.a); mac spot made on forehead with turmeric (Pe.); masha_x scarred; bald, hornless (of animals)(Br.)(DEDR 4632). Cattle or other animal with red spots: mar-ai freckle, mole (Kalit. 103)(DEDR 4767); cattle or other animal with red spots (Ta.lex.)

7418.To get acquainted; pilgrimage; to bless: parasu to bless; parase, paris'e people going on pilgrimage (Tu.lex.) cf. par.chau a ceremony observed when a bridegroom takes his bride home; thari sudhatege ja~wa~e kor.a bahu kur.ikin cumaur.a seye par.chaukina; parchau ader ceremonies connected with the introduction of a bride to her new home; bahuko par.chau aderkoa they observe certain ceremonies on the entry of a bride to her new home; parca acquaintances, to become acquainted, to become known to each other; cinha parca menakkotama noakore? have you any acquaintances about here? cinha parcaenakin they have come to know each other (Santali.lex.)

7419.Wedding gift: barh to give (Skt.lex.) pa_ri-perkam < pa_ri-barha wedding gift (Kalin.. 242)(Ta.lex.) bare itat a bullock given at marriage by bridegroom to bride's brothers (Santali.lex.) Daily wages: berhon daily wages paid in kind to agricultural labourers (Santali.lex.) Wife; marriage presents: pa_rin.e_yyam < prob. pa_rin.a_yya articles received by a bride at the time of marriage, such as ornaments and the like; pa_ri < bha_rya_ wife (Ma_r-an-alan.. 664)(Ta.lex.) parida_payati causes to be given (MBh.); paridada_ti gives up (RV.); paridijjai is given; pariya_n.a general gift (Pkt.); paryu_n.o to give a share to everyone, distribute (Ku.)(CDIAL 7836). pari_tta given up (VS.); parto delivered in charge (S.)(CDIAL 7906). Gift; receipt: pradi gift (Pa_n.. com.); prai, pray receipt (K.)(CDIAL 8663). pyo_ru gift (Pr.); prada_na (TS.)(CDIAL 8661). prada_ya gift (Mn.)(CDIAL 8659). pratida_na gift in return (Pa_n..); pat.ida_na reciprocal gift (Pali); pad.ida_n.a (Pkt.); pain.o reciprocal presents among friends or kinsmen or neighbours of any unusual thing supposed to be a dainty (Ku.)(CDIAL 8567). pradada_ti gives away (RV.); pratta pp. (TS.); pradatta (R.); padada_ti gives (Pali); 1 sg. prem, plem (Ash.); pre- (Kt.); 1 sg. pra_m, imper. pre_ (Wg.); -pli-, -bli- (Pr.); 1 sg. prim, imper. pre (Dm.); di- (Shum.); de_-, di- (Gaw.); pada_ti (Pali); prau he gave; pra (Kal.); prai (Kho.); pro_ta, plate gave (Ash.); pta_ (Kt.); pratoi (Wg.); prate_ (Dm.); payatta given (Pkt.); da_itam he gave to me (Shum.); pretam I gave (Kho.); dit (Gaw.) (CDIAL 8655). To deliver: parida_ to hand or deliver over, consign; to entrust or deposit with; parida_nam restitution or restoration of a deposit; barter, exchange (Skt.lex.) pari-ta_n-am barter, exchange; bribe (Kumare_ca. Cata. 61)(Ta.lex.) parida_na barter, exchange (Ka.lex.) paryu_n.o to give a share to everyone, distribute (Ku.); parida_payati causes to be given (MBh.); paridada_ti gives up (RV.); paridijjai is given; pariya_n.a general gift (Pkt.)(CDIAL 7836). pargah assistance afforded in an emergency, special kindness; pargolaun to make one grateful, to show favour, or kindness, to oblige (P.lex.) parto delivered in charge (pres. st. parnan.u)(S.); pari_tta given up (VS.)(CDIAL 7906).

7420.Feast: pahna to visit, to attend a feast (Santali.lex.)

7421.Gift: pra_s customary return of a certain portion of gift sent by bride's father to husband's family on certain festive occasions, the portion so returned (K.); pa_so anything unwanted that is left or deposited (N.)(CDIAL 8969). pasara a gift (Ka.lex.) Gift: prasa_da favour (MBh.)(CDIAL 8831). pasa_u favour (H.); pasa_y favour, riches (G.M.); pasaya gift (Si.); pasa_ur.i_ food given to family barber at weddings (P.)(CDIAL 8831). prasa_da-da_na propitiatory gift (Skt.); pasa_ytu~ land set apart for religious pruposes or for maintenance of village artisans (G.)(CDIAL 8832). pasa_dana granting graces, gratification (Pali.lex.) Clearness, purity; devotion: pacai devotion, love, affection, desire; to be kind, affectionate; pacainta_r friends; pacaivu compassion, kindness, affection (Ta.); pasa wish, great desire, eagerness; pasavu desire, eagerness; pade to desire, wish (Ka.)(DEDR 3828). pasanna (pp. of pa + syad) flowing out, streaming, issuing forth (Pali.lex.) prasa_da clearness, calmness (Skt.); kindness, favour (MBh.); pasa_da clearness, satisfaction (Pali); prasado, prasade, prasa_do, pas.a_de nom. sg. devotion (As'.); pasa_ya happiness (Pkt.)(CDIAL 8831). prasa_dhayati accomplishes (RV.); arranges (AV.); adorns (Skt.); pasa_dhe_ti adorns (Pali); pasa_he_i completes, subdues (Pkt.); pasa_hun.a_ to perform the ceremony of stripping and purifying and adorning a bridegoom (P.)(CDIAL 8834). pasa_dhita (pp. of pasa_dheti) adorned, arrayed with ornaments, embellished, dressed up; pasa_dhana ornament, decoration, parure (rao si_sa pasa_dhana kappaka King's headdress-maker, i.e. barber)(Pali. lex.) prasa_dayati makes clear, purifies (Skt.); appeases (Mn.); prasa_dyate_ is gladdened (Mn.); pasa_de_ti calms, gladdens (Pali); pasa_e_i gladdens (Pkt.); paha_in.u to reconcile (S.); pahadinava_ to become clear, be pleased (Si.)(CDIAL 8833). prasi_dati settles down, becomes clear or calm (MBh.); is pleased (Mn.); pasi_dati is purified, is pleased and calm (Pali); pasi_yai is happy (Pkt.); pasijjan.a being pleased (Pkt.); pas'ija~r.~ to be pleased (Ku.)(CDIAL 8843). prasatta satisfied, pleased (RV.)(CDIAL 8821). prasanna pleased (MaitrUp.); clear, bright (MBh.); pasanna pleased, clear (Pali); prasana, prasam.na_, pas.am.na_ pl. devoted to (As'.); pasan.n.a pleased (Pkt.); prason^u (K.); pasan, pahan glad (Si.); pasana joy (Si.)(CDIAL 8823). pahati pleasure (S.)(CDIAL 8822). Concord: pahatu fitting, concord; pa_hatu concord, money given to a person bearing expenses of any rite (S.)(CDIAL 8821). prasatti favour (Skt.); pahati approval, reconciliation, concord (S.)(CDIAL 8822). pahan.u to be reconciled (S.)(CDIAL 8843). pacantu elegance, beauty, attractiveness, fineness (Ta.); pa.can., pa.cand beauty; pa.can.a.c good-tempered woman; pa.can. gey- to have pleasurable sexual intercourse (Ko.); po.ca.n. beauty; beautiful (To.); pasandu approved, agreeable, comely, pleasing; agreeing to (Ka.); pasandu, pasantu, pasando comely, handsome, pleasing, nice (Tu.); pasandu excellent, beautiful, nice, agreeable, approved (Te.); pasand (< Pers.) approved, pleasing; approving (H.)(DEDR App. 46).

7422.Marriage token: pariyam bride-price (Ci_vaka. 1047); paricam jewels, etc. presented by a bridegroom to his bride; paricu id.; paricam bride-price; dowry; a concubine's fee (Cilap. 3,163, Urai.); paricam-po_t.utal to perform the ceremony of betrothal; paricil gift, donation, present (Cir-upa_n.. 218); paricilar solicitors of gifts (Cir-upa_n.. 218); paricil-vit.ai theme of a king's bestowing gifts upon his panegyrists and permitting them to leave in a happy mood (Pu. Ve. 9,26)(Ta.lex.) Gift; brideprice: spars'ana a gift, donation (Skt.lex.) paricil gift, donation, present; paricilar solicitors of gifts; paricu gift, donation, present, boon (Tiruvicaip. Tiruppal. 10)(Ta.lex.); pariyam, paricam brideprice, hire of a prostitute (Ta.); dowry, jewels, etc. presented by a bridegroom to his bride (Ta.lex.); pariyam token given by bridegroom to bride (Ma.); paricam-po_t.u to perform the ceremony of betrothal; parica-man.i necklace tied around the neck of the bride at a betrothal ceremony among Pal.l.as (Ta.lex.)(DEDR 3970). paricu quality, nature, property (Ta.Ma.); pari (Te.); pariju (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) ?cf. pharisa (Pkt.); spars'a (Skt.); bhorosa, bhorsa hope, dependence, expectation, confidence, trust, faith; cakem bhorsa idian. kana? why do you continue to cause me to hope? bharosa hope, expectation; bharsa id., reliance (Santali.lex.) cf. pratija_ promise (MBh.); pat.ia promise, vow (Pali); pat.im.a_, pat.im.na_ (As'.); pad.in.n.a_, pain.n.a_, paijja_ (Pkt.); paij vow, solemn resolution (P.); paija (OAw.); paij vow, promise, solemn declaration (whence paijna_ to promise)(H.); bet, promise (M.); pain. bet, agreement (M.); pil.ina promise, agreement (Si.)(CDIAL 8563). Distributing food: parossa one who serves food at a table; food set apart for one who has not yet joined a party at dinner, or to be sent to a friend; parosn. to serve out food at a table (P.lex.) parsao to help to food, to distribute cooked food, as to a number of persons at a feast; daka parsaope distribute the cooked rice (Santali.lex.) parha~r cooked rice (Mu.lex.) parchan.u to serve up food; pari_cha, parcha dish of food sent to a faqir (S.); parye_s.ati seeks (ChUp.); pari_s.t.i willingness, readiness, homage; service (Skt.)(CDIAL 7905). par.a-sa_n, par.a-sahan the eve of a public feast, on which fire-wood is generally split and other preparations are made; the day on which the men of a village go and gather and prepare the firewood for a coming betrothal or marriage; to prepare next day's public feast: tisin.lo par.asa_ntana, gapa mageoa; par.asa_nhulan. on the eave of a public feast (Mu.lex.) Image: meal placed on a dish; food offered to guest: parauso, paroso a meal for one person placed before him in a dish (Ku.); parosa_ dish of food sent to neighbour or friend or offered to guest (H.); parasa_ serving of food (Or.); parive_s.a serving of food (AV.)(CDIAL 7885). parive_s.aka one who serves food (MBh.); parive_saka serving at meals (Pali); pari_ha_ one who serves food at table; paro_ssa_ id. (H.)(CDIAL 7886). cf. pal.l.ayam, pal.l.aiyam dish (Ta.); pal.l.eyam basin, dish (Ma.); pallayi earthen dish (Tu.); pal.l.emu, pal.yamu, pal.l.eramu plate (Te.); pa_l.e_ wooden bowl (M.)(CDIAL 4017). parive_s.an.a attendance, serving at meals (S'Br.); parive_san.a_ serving food (Pali); parive_san.a, parive_san.a_, pari_san.a (Pkt.); pari_hn.i_ distributing food (P.); parasun.i_, parusun.i_, parasa_n.a, parusa_n.a serving a meal (Or.)(CDIAL 7887). parive_s.ati attends, serves food (AV.); parivisati waits upon, serves with (Pali); pri_hn.a_ to serve a meal (L.); pari_hn.a_ (P.); parasa_ (B.); parusiba_, parasiba_ (Or.); parosal (Bhoj.); parosai, parasai (OAw.); pari(v)e_sai serves food (Pkt.); parosna_ to offer food to a guest or send to a neighbour (H.); parosn.a_ (P.); puru_sai, purasai serves a meal (OMarw.); pri_sai serves (OG.); pari_svu~, parasvu~ to serve faithfully (G.); pirasvu~ to serve a meal (G.)(CDIAL 7888). parye_s.ati seeks (ChUp.); pari_s.t.i willingness, readiness, homage; service (Skt.); parchan.u to serve up food (S.); pari_cha, parcha dish of food sent to a faqir (S.)(CDIAL 7905). prati_cchati strives after (RV.); prati_cchaka one who receives (Mn.); pat.icchati accepts, receives (Pali); pad.icchati (NiDoc.); pad.icchai (Pkt.); caus.: pat.iccha_pe_ti entrusts to (Pali); pad.icche_ma_n.a making accept; pass. pad.iccha_vi_adi (Pkt.); par.chan.u, imper. par.che to serve up food (S.); 2 sg. pres. pin.isvi_, 3 sg. pun.usvayi = Pa. pat.iccha_pe_ti (OSi.); pat.icchaka receiving (Pali); pad.ichaya (Pkt.)(CDIAL 8623). Care: parihn.i_ distributing food, setting food or sweetmeats before friends (P.lex.) parava_ < parwa_ (U.) care, concern (Ta.lex.) parava_, parave, parva_ care, concern about; regard, heed; anxiety (Ka.); par-ave (Ma.M.H.); parava_ illa there is no anxiety, i.e. there is no cause for anxiety, it is of no consequence (Ka.lex.)

7423.Neighbour: prative_s'ya neighbour (MBh.); prativa_sin (MBh.); pat.ivissaka neighbour (Pali); par.esi_, par.osi_ neighbour (S.); par.isa_ neighbour (Or.); par.es neighbourhood (P.); par.esi_, par.aussi_, par.osi_ (P.); pratives'iya, pat.ivesiya neighbour (As'.); pad.ive_sia neighbouring (Pkt.); par.osi_ neighbour (Ku.); pad.iyes'i_ (OB.); par.is'i_ (MB.); par.si_ (B.); par.osi_ (Or.); parosi_ (Bhoj.Aw.); par.ausi_, par.osi_, parosi_ (H.); par.os'i_ (G.); pad.os'i_ (M.)(CDIAL 8599). prative_s'a neighbouring; neighbour (RV.); prative_s'atah- from the neighbourhood (S'Br.); prati_ve_s'a neighbouring (Pa_n.. va_rtt.); pae_sa neighbour (Pkt.); pus'u_ (Kt.); par.os neighbourhood (Ku.); par.aus, par.os, paros (H.); par.os, par.os' (G.); pad.os adv. near; pad.osa_ neighbourhood (M.)(CDIAL 8598). pore, hore joining; union; connection; nearness, neighbourhood, vicinity (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

7424.Bill of lading: va_r-na_ma_ bill of lading (Ta.); wari_-na_ma_ id. (U.); va_rat.ai-y-o_lai deed of lease (Ta.lex.) Income: va_ri income, resources (puyalen-n-um va_ri : Kur-al., 14); produce (ma_ripoyppin-um va_ri kun-r-in-um : Pur-ana_. 35); grain; wealth; varicai village dues or rent (I.M.P.Tp. 293) (Ta.lex.) varattu, varuttu income, inlet, increase (Ta.); varal-a_ order of events, history, means (Ta.); [For semant. 'history' cf. va_rtta_ (Skt.lex.)]; varavu income, coming, history, origin, way, path (Ta.); varavai income, as from tax; varunar newcomers, guests (Ta.); Image: entrance: va_ri income, produce; entrance, door, path (Ta.); varavu coming, income (Ma.); varla.r (obl. varla.t-) account of oneself and one's previous history (Ko.); varv contribution (Ko.); parf contribution to meet expenses of construction of dairy (To.); baravi income (Ka.); barat- (barati-) to cause to come (Ka.); barpini to come, arrive, bring (Tu.); ra_bad.i income, profit (Te.); ra_mi, ra_mi_ profit, saving (Te.); var- to come (Kol.Nk.Ga.); ver- id. (Pa.); va_- (-t-; imp. 2sg. ra'a, 2pl. radu; neg. stem re'-) to come (Kond.a); va_- (-t-) to come (Pe.Mand.); va_va coming, approaching (Kui); barna_ to come, arrive, be forthcoming (Kur.); bare to come (Malt.); baring (bar-, ba-; imp. ba; past. bass-) to come (Br.)(DEDR 5270). History, tradition; tax: varavu income, receipts (Kumare_. Cata. 29); history (Man.i. 6,205); varan--mur-ai tradition (Te_va_. 80,3); origin, history (Piramo_t. 18,1) varavu-vaittal to credit in account; to enter the receipt of money as on a pro-note or document (C.G.); varavai tax (S.I.I. iii,211) (Ta.) (Ta.lex.) cf. or..uku land record containing particulars of ownership etc. of lands (Tiv. Tiruma_lai. 3, Vya_.)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) An ancient office: cf. varippottakam an ancient office (T.A.S. i,166); tax register (Ta.inscr.)(Ta.lex.)

7425.Tax: vari impost, tax, toll, duty; contribution, kut.i-ir-ai (Ta.lex.); tax, levy, contribution (Ma.); tax (Te.); vary tax paid to government or to Kurumbas, tax paid by Badaga to Kota (Ko.)(DEDR 5266). varicai village dues or rent (Ta.lex.) -vari : tax, revenue register, order of the king and his officer fixing the revenue (Ta.)(SITI.IEG.) variyila_r (S.I.I. iii,36), vari-k-ku_r-it.uva_r (Inscr.) revenue officers in ancient times; lit. those who make paddy heaps; vari- to allocate, assign, appoint; to write; Image: line: line, as on shells; streaks, as in timber; stripe; series (Patir-r-up. 83,2)(Ta.lex.) vari-k-kal long piece of stone chiselled into required shape; ko_yil man.t.apattukku vari-k-kal kon.t.u-varukira_rkal: (People) are bringing the (?tax) stone to the assembly hall of the temple; vari-k-ku_r-ceyva_r (S.I.I..iii,211): those who make heaps (to levy impost); revenue officers of ancient times; varikku-k-ku_r-u-ceyva_r id. (S.I.I. iii,211)(Ta.lex.)[cf. ko_r.-k-kan.akku kur..i-k-kan.akku lit. heap [(ku_r.u, not ko_l (stick or measuring rod)] measure, field measure; i.e., measurement by heaps (for produce) and measurement of fields (by linear measure, in square units of kur..i)(Ta.lex.)

7426.Trousers: wi_t. trousers (Kt.); o_t. (Wg.); bhut (Kal.)(CDIAL 12071). parat.t.aiyam a close-fitting drawers, used by athletes (Cu_l.a_. Kalya_. 16)(Ta.lex.)

7427.Fragrance: ve_rakam < ve_raka camphor (Mu_. A.)(Ta.lex.) ve_ra saffron (Skt.lex.) ver-i fragrance (Kalit. 57); ve_ri fragrance, scent (Cu_t.a_.)(Ta.lex.) Confectionery: viraku confectionery (Poruna. 108)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) ve_raccu-k-kot.i a species of sandalwood (Cilap. 14,108, Urai.) (Ta.lex.) ver-i madness, intoxication, fury, folly, confusion, fear (Ka.Ta.Ma.); ver-r-i (Te.); ve_d.a madness, folly (M.) (Ka.lex.) To apply aromatic unguents: virai odour, fragrance (viraicer-i kamala-ppotil vi_r-r-irun tarul.u celvan- : Kantapu. Tiruvava. 100); perfumes, five in number, viz., ko_t.t.am, turukkam, takaram, akil, cantan-am (pattut tuvarin-umaintu viraiyin-um : Cilap. 6,79)(Ta.); viri id. (Te.); virai incense (Cu_t.a_.); sandal mixed with perfumes (Cu_t.a_.); honey of flowers (Ci_vaka. 1467); flower, blossom (Ja_n-a_. 57,43); vira-ttal to be fragrant; to emit perfumes (Ka_cippu. Irupat. 182); virai-p-pan.t.am aromatic substance (Ta.); virai-var..ittal to apply aromatic unguents (Ci_vaka. 699)(Ta.lex.) cf. varti an ointment, a perfume for the person (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

7428.Image: elephant goad: pari-k-ko_l elephant goad (Tol. Po. 11, Urai.); bariko_la id. (Te.); pari-k-ka_rar men armed with goads to control an elephant (Patin-o. A_l.u. Tiruvula_. 109); barika_d.u id. (Te.)(Ta.lex.) Image: goad: pa~r.a_ a wooden goad; arjan a goad with an iron point (Santali.lex.) Image: fish lance: par-i contrivance for catching fish (Perumpa_n.. 265); par-i-po_t.utal to set the par-i in water for catching fish (Ta.lex.)

7430.Lineage; image: row, series: varicai order, regularity, line, row, series, (Ta.); varusa row, line, series, order, arrangement, a turn by rotation, relationship, manner, mode, way (Te.); varase, varise line, row, lineage, race, family, a turn, a time (Ka.); va_r a row (Ta.); a line (Ma.); ba_r a line, row (Ka.); ba_ru id., rank, range, series (Te.)(DEDR 5269). varicai-k-kiramam proper or regular order; varicai-k-kur-r-i stumps of wood set in a row in a brick-kiln (Ta.lex.) virakul.i in order (Me_ruman. 719)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) viracana the act of arranging, arrangement; constructing, contriving, contrivance; making; compiling, composing, composition; embellishing; any artificial or ornamental fabric (Ka.); viracisu to arrange; viracita arranged (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

7431.Artisan: basket-maker; shoe-maker; carpenter; tailor: va_rud.a a low mixed caste (Pa_n..va_rtt.); varud.a a caste whose work is splitting canes (Skt.); tribe of outcasts (Pkt.); varum.t.a a caste of artisans (Pkt.); ba_rur.i_ basket-maker (Ku.)(CDIAL 11562). Image: bamboo splits fastened lengthwise; cut leather lengthwise or in strips: ba_ri bamboo splits fastened lengthwise to the rafters of a roof from both sides (Tu.); va_ri lath, rafter, reeper (Ma.); va_rai rafter, beam (Ta.)(DEDR 5361). Image: length, elongation; height, straightness: va_r length, elongation; height, straightness (Ta.); ba_r(u) length (Ka.)(DEDR 5358). va_ri lath tied lengthwise at the edge of a thatched roof (Ta.)(DEDR 5360). Stripping the bark of a tree: ?va_ru to trim, as a palmyra leaf to write on (Ta.); ba_r to make creepers of leather, cut leather lengthwise in strips (Ka.); ba_rane stripping the bark of a tree or cutting it lengthwise (Tu.)(DEDR 5363-a).

7432.Household: ba_r household, family (Ku.); ghar-ba_r family (N.); house and home (H.); ghar-ba_ri married (N.); ghar-da_r house and home (H.)(CDIAL 6663). Residence: varu_tam < varu_tha residence, dwelling (Pa_rata. Aruccun-an-r-i_r. 23) (Ta.lex.) varu_tham a sort of wooden fence of a chariot; an armour, a coat of mail; a shield; a group, multitude, an assemblage; protection; a family; a house, residence (Vedic in the last 3 senses)(Skt.lex.) cf. va_ri lath tied lengthwise at the edge of a thatched roof; va_rai rafter, beam (Ta.); va_ri lath, rafter, creeper (Ma.)(DEDR 5362). Thatched roof: ruwa_ rafter of a thatched roof (A.); ruya_ (B.); rua_ (Or.)(CDIAL 10846). Image: bamboo splits: ba_ri bamboo splits fastened lengthwise to the rafters of a roof from both sides (Tu.)(DEDR 5362). Image: transverse lath: vari (-pp-, -tt-) to fix as the reepers of a tiled roof (Ta.); bari_ roof (Ir.); bari thatched roof (A_lKu.); vayr roof (Ko.); pary roof of hut (To.); barndi_ ridge beam of a roof (Kur.)(DEDR 5264). parchati_ receptacle for goods made by placing a beam across a room and flooring the interval between it and the wall (L.); parchit, parchiti thatched wall of earth (Or.); parchatti_, parchati_, parchat.i_ a small thatch thrown over mud walls and roofs of houses (H.) (CDIAL 7810). paricchada cover, covering dress (S'a_nkhS'r.); covering (Pali); parcha_ mat of palm leaves for lying on (L.)(CDIAL 7811). Image: transverse lath: variccu reeper of a roof; transverse lath (Kampara_. Cittira. 46); variccal id.; variccal-a_n.i, varicca_n.i nails for fastening reepers; varittal to bind, tie, fasten; to fix, as the reepers of a tiled roof (Ja_n-ava_. Ma_vali. 48)(Ta.lex.)

7433.Image: jesting: pariha_sa jesting, ridiculing (MBh.); laughter, mockery (Pali.Pkt.); peryas, pais fun, sport, joke (Gypsy); pariha_sa jesting (OMrh.); pariha_s laughing (H.)(CDIAL 7902).

7434.A division of a country: pargana a division of a country, or an estate, generally for fiscal purposes; ragda majhi, sakin biswadih, pargana t.un.d.i Ragda Majhi inhabitant of Biswadih, in the Pargana of T.un.d.i; hana porgon ren kanako they belong to yonder division or pargana (Santali.lex.) pargana, pragana (Sadani. H.) a division of the country larger than a pat.i, generally, now or formerly, under a t.hakur (Mu.lex.) paragan.e a district (Ka.); paragan.a_ (M.H.)(Ka.lex.) parka_n.a_ < pargan.a_ (U.) sub-division of a district (C.G.)(Ta.lex.)

7435.A chief: pargana a Santal over-chief who has a varying area of country or number of villages in his jurisdiction; the office of pargana is as a general rule hereditary (Santali.lex.) cf. pahanr headman (Mu.lex.)

7436.Seed vessel of lotus flower: vara_t.aka the seed-vessel of a lotus-flower (Skt.Ka.lex.) vara_t.akam seed-pod of the lotus (Cu_t.a_.)(Ta.lex.)

7438.Image: strings in a lute: va_ra-k-kat.t.u bands of catgut in a ya_r.. (Tirumuru. 140, Urai.)(Ta.lex.) ba_r to make creepers of leather, cut leather lengthwise or in strips (Ka.); bage to pare (as bamboo) (Malt.)(DEDR 5363).

7439.Image: vine: varut.akam balloon vine (Malai.)(Ta.lex.)

7440.Gum of a tooth: barsva a socket of a tooth; gum (TS. v.7.11.1)(fr. vr.k cover)(Vedic.lex.)

7441.Image: deer: parha a deer, an elk, the hog deer, cervus porcinus is so called in Muzaffargarh (P.lex.) pa_r.ho hogdeer or cervus porcinus (S.); pa_hr.a_, pa_hr.i_ (L.); pa_r.ha_ spotted antelope, hogdeer (H.)(CDIAL 8044). Young: pa_rppu fledgling bird (Tol. Po. 559); young of the tortoise, frog, toad, lizard, etc. (Tol. Po. 560); young of quadrupeds; pa_rval young of deer and other animals (Ta.lex.) bakk a fawn, a young buck (P.lex.)

7442.Image: sheep: ver-i sheep (Man.i. 19,97)(Ta.lex.) cf. va_ra sheep's wool (as sieve)(RV.); wo_rik wool (Pr.); br (Dm.)(CDIAL 11549). va_ra a flock, a herd, a troop (Ka.lex.) piramam sheep (Na_mati_pa. 217)(Ta.lex.) Image: great antelope: ven.-peru-ma_n- nilghau, the great antelope, portax pictus (M.M. 968)(Ta.lex.) Image: mountain sheep: varut.ai mountain sheep (varai-y-a_t.u varut.aitto_r-r-am po_la : Pat.t.in-ap. 139); sheep (Patir-r-up. 6, Pati.); aries of the zodiac (Paripa_. 11,5); a fabulous animal, sarapam; varut.ai-ma_n- mountain sheep (Cilap. 25,51, Ki_r..kkur-ippu.) (Ta.lex.) Image: ibex: varai-y-a_t.u ibex, hemitragus hylocrius (M.M. 775); jungle sheep (Ci_vaka. 1559)(Ta.lex.)

7443.Public subscription: orad.o, vara_d.o collection, subscription (Tu.lex.) viral.a, vira_l.a (Te.); vara_d.a a public subscription; tax, impost (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) bid.a_la-padakam a measure of weight equal to sixteen ma_s.as (Skt.lex.) vara_ta urging for payment, dunning (Ka.M.H.)(Ka.lex.) To acquire: varai-tal to acquire or earn by legitimate means (Cilap. 10,51); to make one's own; to appropriate (Kur-al., 150) (Ta.lex.)

7444.Image: a duck: varat.a_ a duck or goose (Amarako_s'a. II.V.V. 25). varat.am swan, gander, an-n-am (Can.. Aka.)(Ta.lex.) tarad a kind of duck (Skt.lex.) Image: duck: ta_ra_ duck, heron (Ta.); ta_r-a_vu duck (Ma.)(DEDR 3169). cf. ta.r, t.a_reng (hen) cackles (Kol.); tarp- to cackle (Pa.)(DEDR 3173). a_ri duck (Dm.Kal.); a_ri_ (Gaw.); al.i (Kho.); e_r (Bshk.); a_r (Tor.); he_r.i_ (Phal.); a_r.i_ (S.); a_r.i turdus ginginianus (B.); a web-footed bird (Or.); a_r. turdus ginginianus (H.); a_d.l.i_ (M.); a_d.i_ (M.); a_reli_ duck (Gaw.); a_ti an aquatic bird (RV.); a_t.a a partic. kind of bird (Pali); a_d.i (Pkt.); a_r.i duck (Wg.); warg-a_r.i_ lit. 'water-duck'(Ash.)(CDIAL 1127). ged.e a duck (Santali.lex.) cf. taran:ga wave (R.Pali); taram.ga (Pkt.); taran:g (P.); taran. brook, current, stream of water (Ku.); taran:ga, tagara wave (Si.)(CIDAL 5699).

7445.Image: pathway: varan.t.am < varan.d.a pathway (Ta.lex.) varan.d.a a veranda, a portico (Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) Wall; ir.p wall (Kol.); d.i_pi mud-wall (Go.)(DEDR 452). cf. varam.d.a wall (Pkt.)(CDIAL 11317). Image: wall; mansion: varaippu wall of a fort or temple (Pat.t.in-ap. 269); enclosed space, courtyard (Ci_vaka. 949, Urai.); mansion (Akana_. 34)(Ta.lex.)

7446.Myrrh: pra_n.a gum-myrrh (Skt.lex.) pra_n.a myrrh (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) pan.i-ma_r-u-tal to render service to a deity or a superior person, as by waving a fan, carrying incense, blowing a trumpet etc. (Uttarara_. Ilavan.a. 110)(Ta.lex.) cf. man.am fragrance; pan.avet.ai goldsmith's weight = 4 kun-r-i-man.i = 1/8 vara_kan- (Ta.); pan.n.ika_ram stores, provisions (Tiva_.)(Ta.); pan.ya_ramu (Te.); pan.n.iya_ram id. (Poruna. 108, Urai.); cf. pan.n.iyam < pan.ya stores, provisions (Maturaik. 422); cakes, pastry, confectionery (Cilap. 6,135); merchandise (Man.i. 7,124); pan.iya_ram cakes, pastry, fritters (Tan-ippa_. i,185,12); pan.ya_ramu (Te.); pan.iya_rakkut.am a pot full of cakes, being one of the marriage presents commonly given by the bride's party (Ta.) (Ta.lex.)

7447.Image: fencing: pa_n.a_ < ba_n.a_ (U.) cudgel used by Indian gymnasts in fencing (C.G.); ba_n.a_ (Te.)(Ta.lex.)

7448.Tools; wealth: ba_n.a_ profession (P.)(CDIAL 11338). pan.i-mut.t.u tools; instruments; requisites (Ta.Te.)(Ta.lex.) pan.ittat.t.a_r goldsmiths (Cilap. 6,135, Urai.); pan.iti work, structure (Ko_yilo. 93); jewel, ornament (Kumara. Pira. Ka_cik. 90); insolence of wealth (Tiruppu. 1043)(Ta.lex.) pan.am wealth (Ta.); pan.am commodity for sale; business (Ta.); han.a wealth (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) pan.a price; money, wealth, property; a commodity for sale; business, trade; a shop, a stall (Ka.lex.) cf. ban.ajige, ban.ajiga, ban.ijaga (Tadbhava of van.ijaka) a merchant: a merchant caste; ban.ija-tana trade, traffic (Ka.lex.) cf. pan.a_yai < pan.a_ya_ market-place; business; profit in a transaction; pan.aiya_n- maker of whetstone (Akana_. 1, Urai.) (Ta.lex.) cf. pan.n.iyakka_ran- headman among a class of van-n-iyars (G.Sm.D.I. i,144) (Ta.) (Ta.lex.) pan.ya to be purchased or bought; to be sold, saleable, vendible; an article of trade, a ware; a shop (Ka.lex.)

7449.Sectarian division: pan.am subsection of it.an:kai and valan:kai classes (G.Sm.D.I. i,126)(Ta.)(Ta.lex.) cf. varn.a (Skt.lex.) pan.a, ban.a any tribe; a sectarian division (Ka.); phan.a id. (Te.); phad.a a company of actors, dancers etc. (M.); pan.akat.t.u caste rules (Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

7450.Images: wrist, ankle: parat.u, paran.t.ai, peran.t.e ankle (Ta.); parad.u ankle; harad.i id., wrist (Ka.)(DEDR 3952). karad.u, parad.u (Ta.); paral, paral., paral.u a pebble, stone (Ka.lex.) harad.i, harad.u the protuberant ends of the radius and ulna above the wrist; the ankle, the wrist; a bracelet for the wrist composed of alternate gold and coral beads (Ka.lex.) parat.u ankle (Ci_vaka. 2445); par-an.t.ai knuckle (Ta.lex.)

7451.Place: varai place (Paripa_. 10,1); Land: varaikkat.t.u plot of land on a hilly tract, levelled and rendered arable (Na_.)(Ta.lex.)

7452.A millet: vel.-varaku a species of millet (vel.varakur..uta kol.l.ut.ai kkarampai : Patir-r-up. 75,11)(Ta.lex.) bel.ase millet or other grain not yet hard (Ka.lex.) gubbi-bel.ase a small, prostrate grass with seeds that stick to one's clothes, lappago aliena; bel.asu that which has grown and stands in a field: a crop of corn etc. growing, standing corn (of five colours)(Ka.) (Ka.lex.)

7453.Image: boar: varaha (Tadbhava of vara_ha), varaha_, vara_ a boar, a hog; a gold coin with a boar-stamp, a pagoda (Ka.); ora, oraha boar (Tadbhava of varaha)(Ka.)(Ka.lex.) varaha_, varaha_si, vara_ boar, hog (Te.); vara_kan- (Ta.); vara_ha (Ma.); varaha_-kat.t.u a brush made of hog's bristle (Ka.); vara_kat.t.e (Te.); vara_ha a boar, a hog; the third or boar-incarnation of Vis.n.u; vara_ha-timmappa the Venkat.araman.a of Tirupati (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) vara_ha wild boar (Pali.Pkt.RV.); vara_hu (RV.); bara_ boar (A.B.); sow, pig (A.); bara_ha, barha_, ba_riha_, ba_ria_ (Or.); ba_ra_h (H.); vara_ (Si.)(CDIAL 11325). vara_kam boar, swine (Tiruva_ca. 30); the boar-incarnation of Vis.n.u, one of taca_vata_ram; vara_kan- id.; pagoda, a gold coin = 3 1/2 rupees, as bearing the image of a boar; arhat; vara_kan-et.ai weight of a pagoda, a unit of weight = 5/16 rupee = 54 gms. (Ta.lex.) bir sukri the wild pig, sus indicus (Santali.lex.) a_ru hog (Skt.); airia_s. (Dm.)(CDIAL 1321). vara_ki va_ra_ki, a divine energy (Tiruppu. 179); vajra-vara_hi a goddess worshipped by the Jains (Ta.lex.)

7454.Image: cowry: vara_t.aka a cowry (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

7455.Image: harrow: parampu board or roller for smoothing land newly ploughed; harrow, drag (Ce_tupu. Tiruna_t..44); parampu-p-palakai id.; parampat.ittal to level ploughed land by a board or drag, for sowing (E_rer..u. 26); par-ampu to beat, thrash (Ta.lex.) maramat.ittal to harrow a field; maram board or roller for smoothing land newly ploughed (Ta.lex.)

7456.Image: plots of land: cf. parampu, varampu embankment, ridge or mound to enclose water (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) palva_r.o, palver.o wall or fence round a house, wall or screen round a roof, screen (S.); parva_r. a village fence, precincts of village or town (G.)(CDIAL 7874). varaippu limit, boundary (Man.i. 28,24); varaiya_r-ai limit (Tiruva_n-aik. Na_t.. 83); measuring (Can.. Aka.); accuracy, exactness; termination; varaiyar-avu id.; varai-yar-uttal to settle, decide, determine, ascertain (Ven:kaikka. 89); to estimate; to delimit; to surround; varai-tal to limit (Pur-ana_. 25); varai small ridge as of a paddy field; bank, shore; limit, boundary (Kur-al., 480); measure, extent (Kur-al., 480); varaivu measuring; limit (Kalit. 8)(Ta.lex.) vr.ti hedge, fence, enclosed piece of ground (esp. for betel); vai, vai_, vahi_ fence, enclosure (M.)(CDIAL 12068). varavai plot of a paddy-field, compartment in a paddy-field bounded by ridges (W.); varampu boundary, limit, extent (Patir-r-up. 29,15); ridge of a field (Akana_. 13)(Ta.lex.) Boundary: varampu boundary, limit, extent, ridge of a field, causeway, way, brim, rule of conduct, principle (Ta.); limit, bank in rice-fields (Ma.); varappu ridge of a field, limit, boundary (Ta.); varai small ridge as of paddy field, bank, shore, limit, boundary, measure, extent, place, time (Ta.); varaippu wall, enclosure (Ta.); varaivu discrimination (Ta.); vara square on a chess-board, turn, time, measure (Ma.); varu boundary, border (Ma.); varukuka to mark a limit in measures (Ma.); vare_ until, as far as, up to (Ma.); varr appointed time for event, time appointed for death (Ko.); par direction, horizon line (To.); bara, bare, vari, vare compass, space, room, limit; up to, till (Ka.); barabu boundary (Tu.); barangayi boundary, limit, shore (Tu.); bare mud wall round the premises (Tu.); varuju ridge or dam dividing fields (Te.); (inscr.) vrappi ridge (Te.); var-a limit (Te.); var-aku up to, until (Te.); varam bund within or outside field (Te.)(DEDR 5261). varai to restrain, exclude (Ta.)(DEDR 5273). cf. baran:gay territorial unit (Tagalog.Pilipino).

7457.Spoke of a wheel: a_ram spoke of a wheel (Cir-upa_n.. 253); arakka_l id. (Ta.lex.) ara, a_ra spoke of a wheel (RV.MBh.); ara (Pali.Pkt.); araga, araya (Pkt.); aro spoke, cog (S.); ar one of the crosspieces in a cartwheel (P.); ara felloe of a wheel (Or.); spoke (Si.); a_ra spoke (Or.); a_ra_ first pair of spokes in a cartwheel (Bi.); spoke (H.); a_ro (G.)(CDIAL 594). cf. rahat., ra_hat. wheel at the top of a well (Mth.)(CDIAL 596). a_r spoke of a wheel (Ci_vaka. 828); axle-tree (Ja_n-a_. 7,15); central bolt of a car (Ta.lex.)

7458.United together; combining: maruvu combining, following, embracing (Te_va_. 1072,6); to combine, join together; to be united together (Ta.lex.)

7459.Smearing: paribhan.d.a plastered flooring (Pali); piribad.a smearing, rubbing on (Si.)(CDIAL 7850). To smear, daub: varittal to run; to flow (Malaipat.u. 475); vari colour (Pat.t.in-ap. 38); vari-k-ko_lam ornamental figures or lines drawn on the breast (Cilap. 5,226, Arum.); vari-ko_lam id. (Cilap. 5,226); vari to paint, to draw (Pur-ana_. 33); to smear, daub (Ta.lex.) baraha, barapa, bara_, bara_vu, barepa writing, drawing; writ, scripture, written letters; aks.ara, lipi, le_khana; barasu, barisu, bareyisu, baresu to cause to write, to have written (Ka.); bara_yisu to fill or enter (items into a book)(Ka.H.); bare writing; lines or stripes (made with a hot iron)(Ka.); vari (Ta.); vari, varai (Ma.); barepambugu to enter writ: to be written (Ka.); baregur-i an iron used in cauterizing or firing cattle for diseases, lameness etc.; orego_lu, oreha_ku to apply lines or stripes by cauterizing (Ka.); baravasiga, bharavasiga an active, industrious, strenous man; baravasa, bara_sa, bharavasa perseverance, persistence (Ka.Te.); barati-da_ra a merchant who has bandy-loads conveyed from one place to another; barati (Tadbhava of bharti)(Ka.)(Ka.lex.) Burden: param < bhara burden, weight; heaviness (Pur-ana_. 30)(Ta.lex.) barataraphu dismissed, discahrged; dismissal (Ka.M.H.)(Ka.lex.) vari line as on shells; streaks as in timber; stripe (Ci_vaka. 1702)(Ta.); var-i (Te.); bare (Ka.); vare (Ma.)(Ta.lex.) Image: instrument used by metal workers: varuvu-mul. engineer's scriber for marking gauge, ulo_kattin-me_l ko_t.uvaraiyum urukkumul. (C.E.M.); varai-kampu an instrument used by metal-workers (Ta.ex.) Written symbol of sound: vari-vat.ivu written character; written symbol of an articulate sound, dist. fr. oli-vat.ivu (Nan-. 97, Mayilai.); varaippu writing (Perun.. Ucaik. 34,168); varai-tal to write, inscribe; varaivu writing; painting (Ta.lex.) To write, inscribe: por-i-ttal to impress, stamp, inscribe (Pur-ana_. 58); to write, delineate (Kalit. 93); to be impressed or imprinted (Kalit. 71,11)(Ta.lex.) Image: lines at the joints of fingers: vari lines at the joint of fingers; line, as on shells; letter; spreading spots on the skin; junction of streets; length (Ta.lex.) vari line, stripe; course (as of bricks), line (as of writing), series as of letters; orderly line, as of ducks in flight; row (Patir-r-up. 83,2)(Ta.); vara line, streak, furrow, wrinkle (Ma.); vari line, rule, row (Ma.); bare stripe, brand-mark, burn made on body in illness (Kod..); vra_yu, ra_yu, ra_su to write, inscribe, delineate, compose, draw, paint (Te.); ra_s'i gerund. having marked (boundaries)(inscr. A.D.1310)[cf. 12 zodiacal signs constituting the ra_s'i; re-inforcing the 12 fractions, computed on the twelve phalanges of the four fingers.]; ra_s to write (Kond.a); vri_sa to make an incision, furrrow or mark, scratch, write, plough, cut up flesh (Kui); n. writing; pl. action vri_ska (vri_ski-)(Kui); ra_cinai to write, paint, record (Kuwi); ra_skinai to limn (pl. action of ra_c-); ra_c- (-it-) to write (Kuwi); bri_nai to draw (Kuwi); rajju- a writer (Pkt.); vra~_ta writing, handwriting (Te.); vra~_taka~_d.u writer, clerk (Te.); vra_yasamu writing, letter, note (Te.); ra_yasamu clerkship (Te.); vra_yi letter of the alphabet, writing, line (Te.); vra_yincu to cause to be written (Te.); vra_lu writing, handwriting (Te.); varuju to draw or mark a line with a sharp instrument on a plank, etc. (Te.); variyu to test metal on the touch-stone (Te.); baruku to scratch, claw, lacerate, tear, scribble (Te.); varc- to scratch (Pa.); ra_yap- (ra_yat-) to write (Ga.); rasa_na, ra_sa_na, ra_s-, varasa_na_ to write (Go.); varasaval writer, scribe (Go.); vari (-v-, -nt-) to write, paint, draw; (-pp-, -tt-) id., adorn, decorate; n. streak (Ta.); varai to write, inscribe, paint, draw; n. line, wrinkle (Ta.); varaippu writing (Ta.); varaivu id., painting (Ta.); varekka to make lines, rule a page, write (Ma.); varaccal drawing lines, being wrinkled; varayuka, variyuka to draw lines (Ma.); par- to write; par writing, life-line in hand (To.); bare, bari to write, draw; bare writing, lines or stripes; barepa, barapa, baraha, bara_, bara_vu writing, drawing, writ, scripture, written letters (Ka.); barasu, barisu, bareyisu, baresu to cause to write, have written (Ka.); barcan.e paint, colour (Ka.); baripuni to gash, cut, scratch, trim as the border of a field (Tu.); bare branding in the arm (in certain diseases)(Tu.); bareta line, mark, scar, weal, stripe (Tu.); barepini to write, draw (Tu.); barepa_vuni to dictate, cause to write (Tu.); bara_vu writing, manuscript, learning (Tu.)(DEDR 5263). Deed of agreement: vari-y-o_lai deed of agreement (Ta.lex.)

7461.Honour: bho_s.a, bo_si decorum, decency, honour (Ka.lex.)

7462.Rope-makers: bir hor. jungle man; a small dravidian tribe, mainly located in Chota Nagpur, who live in the jungles, and eke out a scanty subsistence by hunting and selling jungle produce, especially the bark of bauhinia vahllii, which they make into ropes, sikaur etc.; bir disom the forest country; the name given by the Santals to the country lying between the Ganges and the Ajoe river; birbhu~i the district of Birbhum, the first syllable bir, Santali, meaning forest, and the second bhu~i, Sanskrit, and meaning land, i.e. forest land (Santali.lex.) Image: fetter: bir.i a fetter; to fetter; har.i bir.i manacles and fetters (Santali); bir.i hor. a fettered person, a prisoner (Santali.lex.) Image: rope: vara_t.aka a rope, a cord (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cf. varatra_ strap, thong (RV.)(CDIAL 11320). maro_j fibre for rope; moros, mar.os rope prepared from fibre of paur tree; morosm, moras, moroli rope; maronj bark (Go.); murar-ci a cord (Ta.); mra_su rope made from hide (Kui); marcu rope attaching bullock to plough (Kuwi)(DEDR 4976). Cord; bark: murar-ci a cord (Ta.); muraje rope made of straw (Tu.); mar.o_nj strip of bark (Go.); maro_j fibre for rope (Go.); morolik rope (Go.); mo_ru_m bark used for tying a bundle (Go.) (DEDR 4976). Stout rope: hor(a)ji a stout and long rope used in drawing an idol-car (Ka.); horaje cord put round the neck of an elephant (Ka.); puracai, puro_cai halter or head-stall of an elephant (Ta.)(DEDR 4284). Rope: rajju cord, rope (RV.); rope (Pali); raju (NiDoc.); rajju, lajju (Pkt.); rajuk (Kal.); ra_j, ra_z (Phal.); raz rope (Sh.K.); rajot.i thick string (Sh.); laja rope (S.); lajj, lajju well-rope (P.); raju_r.i_ rope (WPah.); rajet.t.o~ (WPah.); lezu (A.); lejur. pad on woman's head for waterpot (Bi.); lajuri_ well-rope (Bhoj.); lej, lejur rope (Bhoj.); lej, lejur rope (H.); rajju (Konkan:k); rodda, rodu string, cord (Si.) (CDIAL 10582). restis rope (Latin); re~zgis wicker, basket (Lithuanian); rajju a cord, line, rope; fisherman's line; rajju-ka_ra rope-maker; rajju-ga_haka rope-holder; (king's) land-surveyor; rajjuka a rope, line (Pali.lex.) Image: rope; cover: barahi a thick rope (Santali.lex.) va_ri rope for tying an elephant; pole for tightening a package or pack; va_ra_t.ai leather strap; va_r churning rope (Ci_vaka. 711); strap of leather (Ci_vaka. 2372); skin; bodice (Te_va_. 1232,6); bit, piece; va_ra-k-kat.t.u that which is tied by thongs (Ta.); va_ra-k-kayir-u braided leather-thong (W.); varikkayir-u cable; long rope; varikka_ran- cable-twister, rope-maker (Ta.lex.) vari (-v-, -nt-) to bind, tie, fasten, cover; (-pp-, -tt-) id.; n. tie, bondage (Ta.); variyuka to tie a network of strings, wire, bind tightly (Ma.); varj- to wrap, wind (Ko.); bariyuni to encase a bottle, jar, etc. in a kind of network (Tu.)(DEDR 5264). cf. va.rc to whip (Ko.); ba_r-isu to strike or beat with a whip etc. (Ka.); barjuni to strike, beat (Tu.)(DEDR 5380). vaddhar, vadhri_, vadhar shoulder-strap (L.); vaddha thong (Pali.Pkt.); va_dhra leather (OG.); va_dharr.i_ leather strap (G.); badri_ leather belt (Kal.); vardhra leather thong (AV.); vadhra id. (MBh.)(CDIAL 11387). braz leather belt (Kho.); vadhrya, badhrya shoe (Skt.)(CDIAL 11388). Upper leather work of sandals: ba_r, ba_ra strap of leather, thong (Ka.); ba_r id., upper leather work of sandals (Tu.); va_ru, va_r-u strap of leather, thong (Te.); va_r churning rope, strap of leather (Ta.); thong, leather strap, belt (Ma.); po.r whip (To.); vakir leather girdle, leather strap, tendon (Ta.); warna a leathern string (Go.)(DEDR 5363-b). Image: pannier; jacket: va_ran.am screen, cover (Pa_rata. Tirau. 17); coat of mail; jacket; protection; shield; va_ran.ai obstruction; va_ram screen; va_ra-va_n.am quilted jacket; breast-plate; varu_tam armour; shield; varu_tin-i troop; army (Ta.lex.) varu_thin wearing an armour, mailed; furnished with a fender or protecting plank; protecting, sheltering; surrounded by a troop; being or seated in a carriage; a chariot; a guard, defender; an army (Skt.lex.) cf. viri pannier, pack-saddle (Ta.); pack-saddle (Ma.); viry id. (Ko.)(DEDR 5412). paricchada cover, covering dress (S'a_n:khS'r.); paricchada covering (Pali); parcha_ mat of palm leaves for lying on (L.)(CDIAL 7811). Wool; sieve: va_ra sheep's wool (as sieve)(RV.)[IE. uer]; warak wool (Wg.); wo_rik (Pr.); bar (Dm.)(CDIAL 11549). birve_ sieve; birring to separate out; birve_ kanning to sift; birvinging to be sifted (Br.)(DEDR 5548). Cover of a boat: varaka cover of a boat, cloth (Skt.); cloak (Skt.); varilla a sort of garment (Pkt.)(CDIAL 11310). cf. varatra_ strap, thong (RV.); varta leathern thong (S.)(CDIAL 11320). ba_ru_ shield (A.)(CDIAL 11560). ol.e, ol., ol.u, ol.e, val.e, val.aya, val. (Tadbhava of valaya what covers or surrounds) a bracelet, an armlet (Ka.); val. a leathern thong (Ta.)(Ka.lex.)

7464.Next year: mar-u-na_l. next day, morrow (Ta.); maruna_l (Ma.); marunad.u id. (Te.); mar-u to put away, reject (Kur-al., 260); adj. another, other, next, beyond (Tiruva_ca. 36,2); maru id. (Ka.); mar-uka_l adv. again, a second time; crop raised a second time (Kur-un. 82); mar-uvalum again, once more (Ci_vaka. 1052); mar-umai the next birth, opp. to immai (Kur-al., 459); the next world, svarga (Kampara_. Urukka_t.t.u. 71); mar-umur-ai next turn; next birth (Paripa_. Pak. 173)(Ta.lex.) para_ri in the year before last (Pa_n..); parari-vars.i the year before last (NiDoc.); para_ri two years hence (Pkt.); pa_ra_r the year before last (Sh.); parr^u adj. belonging to the year before last; proryus adv. (K.); para_r two years ago; pra_r (L.); para_r two years ago or hence (P.); parha_l the year before last (WPah.); para_r, para_ri ber (Ku.); para_r (N.); para_ri (B.); parhur last year, next year (Or.); para_r two years ago or hence (G.)(CDIAL 7799t). cf. wa_ro (gen. wa_ro_ta_), warote (t = t.) year after next (Go.); va_ron.d.i next year, year after next; va_r.oni next year (Kui); va_n.ona, va_r-oki id. (Kuwi)(DEDR 5375). pher darae next but one (Santali.lex.) pari_ha_ the day after tomorrow (S.); parhe_ the day before yesterday; pare_ (WPah.); pairi (Konkan.i); pereyi-da_, pere_-da_ (Si.); prej the day before yesterday; fre_j, frejo_ (WPah.)(CDIAL 7799l). cf. paras'vas adv. the day after tomorrow (MBh.)(CDIAL 7799j.) parut adv. last year (Pa_n..); paru-vars.a last year (NiDoc.); param. next year (Ap.); pa_r heman last winter (Kal.); pa_r ka_l last year (Pas'.); por (Kho.); pa_r (Phal.); par (Sh.); por (D..); parus, paru_ (K.); paru (S.); par (L.); par last year, next year; paru~ last year (P.); peru_ (WPah.); paru last year; paharu last year, next year (Or.); por, pori last year (Ku.); por, pohor (N.); por last year, next year (G.); poru_, poru~_ last year (Konkan.i); cf. pa_r (Pers.); pow last year (Ash.Wg.); pu_a (Kt.)(CDIAL 7907). paruttna belonging to last year (Pa_n..va_rtt.); paroko ko_l last year (Pas'.); paruko_ of last year (Sh.); porkuna (D..); paroko (S.); paro_ka_ (L.); poruku~ (G.); parsuk^u of last year (K.) (CDIAL 7908). cf. pari~ha~ the after tomorrow (S.); parhe_ the day before yesterday (WPah.); pairi (Konkan.i); prej, fre_j, frejo_ the day before yesterday (WPah.) (CDIAL 7799l). Next, second: para distant, further, other; enemy (RV.); oblique cases: param after, but; paratas (MBh.); pare_, pare_n.a afterwards, beyond (RV.); para other (Pali); para-, pala- (As'.); para- (Pkt.NiDoc.); paru stranger (S.); par pl. others (G.); paru~ distant (G.); parilla other (Pkt.); parla_ belonging to the other side (L.); pallo, palo next, second (Ku.); parla_ next, yonder (H.); para_r belonging to another (Aw.); param. further (Pali); pare_na later on (Pali); param., palam. beyond, after (As'.); param. but (Pkt.); parao_, pare_n.a after (Pkt.); par but, still (K.S.H.); but (L.M.); pare beyond (S.); para_, para~ further (L.); paro from a distance; pare, pare~ far off (L.); pare, pared.e beyond, further (P.); para further (N.); para_, para~_ at a distance (G.)(CDIAL 7793). parata (OMarw.); param. tu but (MBh.Pkt.); (CDIAL 7794). parga_m another village, foreign parts (G.); parga_mi_ foreign, outside (G.)(CDIAL 7797). paratara further away (Skt.); pare_re adv. further away (L.); parere at a distance, on the other side (P.); piriru distant (Si.); parera sky, heaven (H.)(CDIAL 7798). paratra elsewhere, hereafter (Mn.); paratta in the next world (Pali); paratra, paratra_, parata, palata (As'.); parta_ adj., parte_ adv. further, on the other side (L.); parattha elsewhere (Pali.Pkt.) (CDIAL 7799). parade_s'a foreign country (Skt.); parae_sa id. (Pkt.); pares (H.)(CDIAL 7799a).

7465.Image: opponent: pratimalla opponent in wrestling, adversary (Skt.); pat.imalla opponent (Pali); pad.imalla (Pkt.); pil.imal opponent, enemy (Si.)(CDIAL 8584). Image: likeness: pratima_ image, likeness (RV.); pat.ima_ likeness (Pali); pad.ima_ (Pkt.); pil.imaya likeness, picture (Si.)(CDIAL 8585).

7466.Butea frondosa: brahma-vr.ks.a the tree butea frondosa; pala_s'a, muttuga; lo_dhra, to_da, pu_ga, kramuka (Skt.Ka.)(Ka.lex.)

7467.Indian mulberry: brahman.ya, brahma-da_ru the Indian mulberry tree, morus indica ( Ka.Skt.)(Ka.lex.) Morus alba, morus indica, morus parviflora: toola, tooda, shalmali (Skt.); white mulberry (Eng.); tut (H.Pers.B.M.); tutri (Deccan); shetu (G.); tula ambor (Bombay); kambilipuch (Ta.); tuti, hippal verali (Ka.); habitat: found wild on the temperate Himalayas and cultivated in Kashmir, the Punjab, Baluchistan, Upper Sind, Bengal and Burma... Action: bark is purgative and anthelmintic. Uses: the long thin greenish fruit is acidulous and pleasant to eat when fresh. It was held in great esteem by Baluchi warriors who carried it in their pouches and swallowed a mouthful when entering into action, to give them stomach for the fight. The fruit is dried and sold in the bazars. It is also made into a preserve or syrup... Morus nigra: mulberry (Eng.); shetuta (H.); shetura (G.); tuta (Arab.Pers.) with fruits of dark purple colour, sold in the Karachi bazar, are used just like those of morus alba (Indian Materia Medica, pp. 816-817). Morus alba, morus indica: Amoras is cultivated for its edible fruit and also because silkworms are fed on its leaves... Burkill reports that the bark has been employed in China from very early times for making paper... used as an emollient in Malaya... a lye made of the ashes of mulberry wood is used (in China) as a stimulant and escharotic in scaly skin diseases and unhealthy granulations... (Medicinal Plants of the Philippines, pp. 239-240).

7468.To be used: bavarisu to go or move about: to be used; bhramari, bavari making go round, moving in a circle (Ka.lex.)

7470.Images: hollow bamboo for drilling seed; honeycomb: cf. por hollow bamboo for drilling seed (P.)(CDIAL 8406). cf. phora_ hollow (B.Or.); poru cavity; poro hollow (S.); por hollow bamboo (S.); pol., pol.e~ honeycomb (M.)(CDIAL 8398). cf. phokar hole (B.)(CDIAL 8391). Hole: cf. mur..ai (-v-, -nt-) to enter; (-pp-, -tt-) to pierce, bore; n. large mountain cave, cavern, den; mur..aicu cave, hole; mu_r..ai a hollow place; mo_r..ai cleft, crevice, subterranean water-course, pool (Ta.); mul.ayuka to creep in, retire, cattle to enter stable; mul.ekka to gather, shut up as cattle for the night (Ma.); mo_l.e a small hole (made by crabs, etc.) in the banks of ricefields or tanks, a fissure (Ka.)(DEDR 4994). cf. nur..ai opening, aperture, cave (Ta.)(DEDR 3714). cf. ma_l.am hole in earth, wood, of snakes, scorpions etc.; ma_t.am a niche in walls (Ma.); ma_d.a, ma_d.u hole or niche made in a wall (Ka.); ma_l.i rat's hole (Kuruba); ma.l.i long hole (e.g. of rat or jackal) (Kod..); ma_t. hole or cavity in earth, wood, etc., hole of snakes, scorpions etc. (Tu.); mo_la rat's hole (Kor.); ma_nd.o hole (Go.); ma_n.d.a_, ma_r.a_ the hollow haunt of any animal, den, any hollow place, cavern (Kur.)(DEDR 4832). cf. borra hole in tree (Kuwi)(DEDR 4604a). Image: hole: bor-o hole of a crab etc. (Kond.a); borra hole in a tree (Kuwi); po_r-ai hole, hollow in a tree, cavern; po_r hollow of a tree (Ta.); bo.r vagina (Ko.); pi.r hollow of the tree (where bees nest); o.r- (0bl. o.t--) hole, wound (To.); po_r hole (Ka.); bor-iya, bor-r-e hole, burrow, hollow, pit; bor-r-a hole, hollow, cavity in a tree (Te.); borra hole in tree (Ga.); po_l hollow object, hollowness in a tree (Ta.); bo_lu hollow (Te.)(DEDR 4604). cf. po_r.. (-v-, -nt-) to be cleft, split, gape, be disunited; split, cleave open, dispel, destroy; n. cleft, piece; po_r..vu cleft, fissure; po_r..-va_y open mouth; po_t.u hole, opening, cleft (Ta.); bo.t. hollow in tree trunk, hole that goes through (Ko.); po_r.. to cleave, split, divide into parts; n. a split, piece, slice; po_r..al hollow of a tree; po_d.u splitting; to split up; po_t.e hole in a tree, cavern, hollow; pot.t.e, pot.t.are, pot.re hole in a tree, hollow of a treee (Ka.); pot.t. the hollow of a stalk or tree (Tu.); p(r)o~_ju, ponju, po~_cu to split into filaments, draw out in threads; p(r)o~_gu thread, string, one strand in a cord (Te.); po_r.- to split, cleave (Pa.); pye to open, tear; gape (Malt.)(DEDR 4599). Images: hole; crevice: cf. pur..ai hole, tube, narrow path (Ta.)(DEDR 4317). Image: boil: purai deep ulcer, fistula (Ta.); pure, pore boil, ulcer (Ka.)(DEDR 4296). Image: hollow: phora hollow in the centre, as some bamboos; phopra, phophra rotten, decayed, particles not cohesive, hollow through decay (Santali.lex.) Images: cavity; hollow; spotted: poru cavity; poro hollow (S.); por hollow bamboo (P.); phora_ hollow (B.Or.); nak-por. nostril (Ku.); poro small hole (N.); pola_ hollow, empty, flabby (H.); pol hollowness (H.)(CDIAL 8398). parus.a spotted (RV.); pharu_ha_ spotted cloth (P.)(CDIAL 7909). cerka bherka spotted (Santali.lex.) Image: dot: por-i spot; dot, point, speck (Kalit. 13,3)(Ta.lex.) Image: spark: por-i-ttal to throw out sparks (Kampara_. Varun.a. 32); por-i-tal id. (Kampara_. Kumpa. 254); por-i spark, scintillation (Kampara_. Varun.an-ai. 22); brightness (Perumpa_n.. 448); por-i-par-attal flying of sparks (Kampara_. Ce_tu. 11)(Ta.lex.) Image: hole: cf. borra hole in tree (Kuwi)(DEDR 4604). Image: hole: ho_ru, po_r, o_r, o_ru a hole; po_r-il, ho_r-il the hollow of a tree (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) cf. po_r-ai hole, hollow in tree (Ta.)(DEDR 4604). cf. pol.l.u hollow, empty (Ma.)(DEDR 4562). cf. po_lo_ hollow (Br.)(DEDR 4560). Image: dot: por-i spot, as on elephant's forehead; dot, point, speck (Kalit. 13,3); mark, impression (Ci_vaka. 2190); vari dot (Net.unal. 17); spreading spots on the skin (Kalit. 22)(Ta.lex.) Image: roundness: por-i roundness, rotundity (Net.unal. 13)(Ta.lex.)

7471.Image: joint of body: paruvam knot, joint in the human body or plants (Ta.lex.) mara joint, hinge (Te.)(DEDR 4761). Image: knuckle; articulation; space between two joints; joint: parvan knot, joint (RV.); pabba knot in a stalk, joint (Pali); pavva (Pkt.); pa_b space between two joints (A.); paba_l, paba_li having long joints; pabiya_iba to cut into small sections (A.); pa_b joint (in body or plant), knuckle, protuberance (B.)(CDIAL 7947). pagra sugarcane cutting (Santali. lex.) Knotty, rough: parus.a knotty (AV.); uneven, hard (MBh.); harsh, cruel (Katha_s.); parusa rough (Pkt.); parusa (Si.); pharusa rough, hard, cruel (Pali. Pkt.); paharas hard, solid (Si.)(CDIAL 7910). paru coarse, rough (Ta.); parukku rough surface (Ma.); baraka, barusu rough (Te.); bargat.e rough (Kol.); baRka roughness, rough (Kond.a)(DEDR 3973). Bamboo; barley: s'ataparvan having a hundred joints (RV.); bamboo (Bhpr.); s'ataparvaka the white-flowered du_rva_ grass (Sus'r.); saba_i a kind of grass (B.); the grass ischaemum angustifolium or pollindium angustifolium (Or.); s'ataparvika_ du_rva_ grass, barley (Skt.)(CDIAL 12282). Image: lines on finger-joints: pir-an:ku lines on the inside of the finger-joints (Nikan.t.u.)(Ta.lex.) parvakam the knee-joint (Skt.lex.) -paura, *parvara joint (Skt.); s'ata-po_ra(ka) species of sugarcane (Sus'r.); ni_la-po_ra (Skt.); po_ra knot; po_raga a sort of plant with knots (Pkt.); por hollow bamboo for drilling seed (P.); pora_ joint of bamboo (P.); por, pori_ knot or joint of bamboo (Ku.); por space between two joints; pora_ beam; porua_ knuckle (H.); puruka knot or joint of bamboo, knob, link (Si.); per joint, articulation (CDIAL 8406). In numeration systems using four fingers (excluding the thumb), the counting is done with the thumb moving from the lowest phalange of the little finger to the lowest phalange of the index finger to reach a count of four; the counting of the next set of four is done in the same order on the middle phalange on each of the four fingers; the counting of the next set of four is done in the same order on the topmost phalange on each of the four fingers; the count reaches 12; whence cf.: pa_dika worth a quarter (Pa_n.. gan.a.R.); pa_dika_ a coin (Skt.); pa_i_ 112 anna; pa_ir.i_ 14 yard; pa_iku of a quarter (S.); pa_i_ a measure of capacity; 112 anna (L.); pa_i_, pai 14 seer; 112 anna (P.); pa_i 112 anna (A.); 112 or 14 anna (B.); 112 anna (Or.); pa_i_ 112 or 14 anna (H.); quarter, 14 anna (M.); pa_i 112 anna (G.)(CDIAL 8074). cf. pa_v foot (of centipede) (K.); pa_va_ foot of sheep, leg of bedstead (L.)(CDIAL 8075). cf. pa_do_na less by a quarter (Skt.); pa_du_na (Skt.); pa_un.a_ (Or.); pa_un. (in cmpd.)(M.); id. (Konkan.i)(CDIAL 8078).

7472.Bamboo, cane: parampu bamboo (Ta.); pirampu bamboo (Aru. Ni.); perambu (Ma.); pre_mu (Te.); pirampu-t-tat.ukku rattan-blinds (C.E.M.); pirappampa_y rattan mat (Ta.); pirappan:ko_rai a sedge, scirpus; pirappan:ku_t.ai rattan basket; pirampat.i-k-ka_rar men entrusted by a king with the duty of caning offenders (Tiruva_lava_. 28,3)(Ta.lex.) pirampu (in cmpds. pirappam-) rattan, calamus rotang; switchy rattan, calamus vimanalis (Ta.); perampu, purampu rattan (Ma.); p(r)e_mu, prabba, prabbili id., calamus rotang (Te.)(DEDR 4175). Cane: punambu cane (Ma.); prabbali, habbe the rattan (Ka.); prabbali-gid.a, prabbali-cet.t.u id. (Ka.) (Ka.lex.) For -n- in punambu cane (Ma.) cf. pin.ai to entwine (Ta.)(DEDR 4160). cf. pacce cane (Ka.lex.)

7473.Images: drum; circle; measure: bhar measure (G.); bhara_ a corn measure (M.)(CDIAL 9393). par-a drum, disk, circle (Ma.); par drum (Ko.); pare id., large, double-headed barrel drum beaten by Me.de (Kod..); par-r-a a measure of capacity (Te.); para drum (Go.); par-ai a measure of capacity, drum (Ta.)(DEDR 4032). par-e, har-e a drum (Ka.); par-ai (Ta.)(Ka.lex.) {21/24 marakka_l = one ko_t.t.ai [cf. MIAI, p.83; DEDR 2208: ko_t.t.a much, plenty (Ma.)]; 4 prastha = one a_d.haka; 16 prastha = one dro_n.a [cf. IE 8-6; CII 4; IEG. Pali. pattha a land measure. (Chamba) pat.ha grain measure.]; 2 dro_n.a = one kud.ava [2 kud.ava = one ma_n.ika; cf. Ain-i-Akbari, vol.III, p.137.]; 4 dro_n.a = one ma_n.i or ma_n.ika [Mahavira, Sa_rangadhara Samhita 1, 35.]; 16 dro_n.a = one kha_ri [cf. Arthas'a_stra, Ch. XX; MIAI, p. 74; a measure for Soma (RV.IV,32,17; Vedic index, I, p.216).]; [cf. MIAI, p.78: 4 pa_vala = pa_li [cf. big ladle or spoon (G.)]; 4 pa_li = ma_na; 4 ma_na= sei; 3 sei = padaka; 4 padaka = ha_ri [cf.MIAI, p.98: 24 ma_na or 6 sei or 1/2 kalasi or 7 or 8 maunds.]; 4 ha_ri= ma_ni; 400 marakka_l = one karicai, karacai}.

7474.Image: raised platform: pirampu raised platform with steps giving access to a temple-car; parappu ceiling; lintel (Ta.)(Ta.lex.)

7475.Side of body; waist: marun:ku side, side of body, waist, form (Ta.); marun:kal waist, esp. of women, hip, stomach, abdomen, body (Ta.); marun.n.u side (Ma.); o ma.r- half (lit. one side)(To.); margilu the side, flank (Tu..); makka either side of the part of the body just above the hip (Tu.); buttock (Pa.); marng side (Go.); marngar. side (Pe.); magl side (Ko.); magil slope of hill (To.); maggal side (Ka.); Rib: marr.gi_ rib bone; marun ribs of mat; marngi, mar.nger.i, marngi rib (Go.); marngar. pr.e_ku ribs (Pe.)(DEDR 4717). Image: side by side; pair: par par side by side; par pair (e.g. par a.s- fo.s- a pair of house entrances)(To.); para side (e.g. appara that side; k.ki para eastern side)(Kod..)(DEDR 3984).

7476.Weapon: pa_racavam weapon (Ta.lex.) pa_ras'ava iron, steel; an iron weapon (Ka.lex.)

7477.Spade: cf. pa_ra spade (Te.Ga.Go.); crowbar (Ma.)(DEDR 4093). phzur, pzdur wooden spade (Dm.); phando_r (Bshk.); phe_ndu_ru (Phal.)(CDIAL 13830). Blade of crowbar, pick-axe: palugu blade of pick-axe, crowbar, etc. (Te.)(DEDR 3986a). Mattock, spade; hoe: sphya flat piece of wood for stirring offerings of boiled rice or for trimming mound used as altar (AV.); boom, spar (S'Br.); a kind of oar (R.)[For both meanings, 'shoulder' and 'shovel' cf.: pei shovel (Wkh.); fei (Sar.Ishk.); fiah shoulderblade (Wkh.); fyak shoulder (Shgh.); pil, pa_wl shoulder (Kurd.)]; piwe scapula (Wg.); phi_i_ scapula (Pas'.); phiu scapula (Kho.); phi_ shoulderblade (Bshk.); phi_a shoulder (Mai.); phiya oar (Pali); phi_ wooden spade (Kho.); phiyu dung spade (Kho.); phyoh^u, phyuh^u snow-scoop (K.); phye_k wooden shovel (Shum.); pe_kat.i_ (Pas'.); piolo wooden spade, oar (Sh.); phaur.o a kind of mattock, spade (Ku.); pharuwa_ mattock, hoe (N.); phya_uri long-handled implement for levelling rice-field (N.); pha_ura_, pho~r. spade, hoe (B.); pha_ur.a_ digging hoe (Or.); phahuri, pharuhi_, phar.ua_, phar.uhi_ scraper for making banks of irrigation beds (Bi.); pha_wr.a_, phaur.a_, pharuwa_ mattock, hoe; pharu_ha_ a kind of rake or hoe (H.); pha_vd.a_ large hoe (esp. a wooden one)(M.); pha_vd.i_ wooden hoe-shaped instrument for skimming molasses, large hoe; pha_vd.e~ hoe or scraper (M.)(CDIAL 13839). cf. paricu hilt of a sword (Ta.); pariu (Ma.); paru_ju (Te.)(DEDR 3969). pa_rai crowbar, small hoe for cutting grass (Ta.); pa_ra iron crowbar, lever, bar used for digging (Ma.); pa.r crowbar (Ko.To.); pa_re id., short hoe (Ka.); pa_ren:gi iron crowbar, lever (Tu.); pa_ra, pa_r-a spade (Te.); gad.d.a pa_ra spade (Kol.) (gad.d.a clod); pahar crowbar (Nk.); pa_ra spade (Ga.Go.Kuwi)(DEDR 4093).

7479.Split pulse: paruppu soft or inner kernel of beans, almonds, etc., kernel of cajanus indicus (dal)(Ta.); parippu peas, pulse skinned in water, halved and dried; kernel of corn (Ma.); pappu split pulse of any kind, split almonds, etc. (Ka.); pappu split pulse, dal, kernels of any kind freed from the shell (Te.); purpur, pulpul pulse called urad (Go.); pappu, papu dal (Kuwi)(DEDR 3978).

7480.Image: eagle: pa_r-u hawk, kite, falcon (Ci_vaka. 568); eagle (Pa_rata. Put.pa. 82)(Ta.)(DEDR 4020). Hawk: pa_racikai hawk, falcon, kite (Pin..)(Ta.lex.) cf. paruntu common kite (Pu. Ve. 3,12); id. (Ma.); pardu id. (Ka.)(Ta.lex.) Image: eagle: paruntu common kite; pera_ntu, pera_ndu vulture (Ta.); paruntu, parantu kite, accipiter nisus (Ma.); pad kite (Ko.); pa0 bird of prey (including kite, eagle, vulture)(To.); pardu, paddu kite, hawk, falcon, vulture (Ka.); paddi eagle, vulture, kite (Kod..); panta-gadda vulture, eagle; bandu vulture; ra_-bandu eagle, vulture (?ra_- < ra_ja_ king, i.e. big)(Te.); ra_yal vulture (Go.)(DEDR 3977). cf. bhe_run.d.a a bird (Skt.)

7481.Image: bull-frog: bharund.a rana tigrina, the bull-frog, a species of large frog with four stripes on the back (Mu.); cf. barund.a (Sadani.Mu.)(Mu.lex.) cf. bhe_ka frog (MaitrUp.)(CDIAL 9600). cf. man.d.u_ka frog (RV.)(CDIAL 9746).

7482.Medicated camphor: pa_r-makan--ca_ri medicated camphor, paccai-karppu_ram (Ta.lex.)

7483.Division of corn-sheaves: pa_r-pat.ai division of corn-sheaves before the grain is threshed (R.F.)(Ta.lex.)

7484.Pearl bank: pa_r pearl bank; stratum, layer, bed; bank, border, ridge (Ta.lex.)

7485.Parsee: pa_racikar < pa_rasi_ka the Parsees; pa_raci_kam Persia, one of 56 te_cam (Iraku. Tikku. 226)(Ta.lex.) pa_rasika Persian (MBh.); parasi_ka (Skt.); parasi_ Persian language (Skt.); pa_rse_g (MPers.); pa_rasa, pa_rasiya, pa_rasi_a Persian (Pkt.); pa_rasi_ Persian language (Pkt.); pa_rsi_ Persian (P.H.); a Parsee (H.G.); language of brokers (G.); pa_rs'i_ Persian (B.); a Parsee (M.)(CDIAL 8108).

7486.To escape from danger; to revive; salvation: praraks.ati guards (Skt.); parkhan.o to drive away calamity (esp. by waving something magically round head of sufferer)(Ku.); parakhna_ to secure, obtain (H.)(CDIAL 8736). To guard: pariraks.ati guards well (RV.); keeps (Mn.); parirakkhati guards (Pali); parirakkhai (Pkt.); parakhna_ to obtain, secure (H.)(CDIAL 7864). pir..ai (-pp-, -tt-) to be emancipated from sin and births, obtain salvation, escape from evil or danger, live, get on in life; pir..aippu escape, life, livelihood (Ta.); pir..ekka to remain alive; pir..eppu, pir..appu livelihood; pir..eppikka to restore, revive (Ma.); pi_- (pi-) to live (Pa.); pi_-, piy- (pit.-) id. (Ga.); pissa_na_ to be saved, live, earn one's living, live, escape; pis- to live, be saves, be left over, to live; caus. pisusa_na_ to save; pisehta_na_ to rescue; pish- to save (life, money etc.); pistal alive (Go.)(DEDR 4186).

7487.Image: goat: puruvai goat (Nar-. 321)(Ta.lex.)

7488.Image: eyebrow: puruva (Tadbhava of bhru_ or bhruva) , purbu, ubbu, pubbu, purvu, hubbu, hurbu an eyebrow, the brow (Ka.); puruvam, puru_ra, pi_ru (Ta.); puriya, puriga (Ma.); purcikku to frown (Ka.); purvurvu the brows to be raised (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) pu_ru < bhru_ eyebrow (Civaraka. Naimica. 33)(Ta.lex.) Eyelashes: pur.u~ eyelashes (WPah.)(CDIAL 8253). picir fibre (Ta.); pi~_cu the fibrous parts of plants, etc. (Te.)(DEDR 4133). puruvam eyebrow (Kur-al., 1086)(Ta.lex.) Eyebrow: bhru_ eyebrow (RV.); du. bhruvau in cmpd.: -bhru_ka-, -bhruva- (Pa_n..); bru eyebrow (Kho.); aci_-bru_ eyebrow (Wg.); aci-pru_ (Kt.); i_c-bruk (Dm.); a~_khi-bhui_ (N.); aks.ibhruva (Skt.); bhramu- (BHSk.); bhamu (Pali); bhuma_, bhumaya_, bhamaya_ (Pkt.); bhamuka, bhamukha (Pali); bhrumukha (BHSk.); bhamuha (Pkt.); bhamuha_, bhaumha_, bhauha_, bho_ha_ (Skt.); phov (Gypsy); bumb, bum (K.); bhau~h, bhau~, pl. bhava~_ (P.); d.hl.aua~_, d.hl.au~, bharua~_, barua~_, bhrammu~, bhau~, pl. bhaua~_ (WPah.); bhau~ (Ku.); a~_khi-bhau~ (N.); bhoma_ (B.); bhau~h (Mth.); bha~hu~ (Bhoj.); bhaum.ha (OAw.); bhau~(h), bho~(h), pl. bhaua~_ (H.); bhavu~, bhavarⁱ (G.); bhammarⁱ (G.); bha_vai_, bho~vai_, bho~i_, bhu~vai_, bhi_vai_ (M.); bama-ya (Si.); buma (Md.)(CDIAL 9688).

7489.An abacus: po_rikai, po_tikai (Ta.); bo_dige, bo_duge a piece of wood or stone on a pillar between it and the beam supported by it: an abacus (architrave, capital) (Ka.); bo_diye, bo_de (Te.); po_dige (Ma.)(Ka.lex.)

7490.Image: pillar: po_ri < po_ru_r Tiru-p-po_ru_r, sacred to God Subrahman.ya (Tiruppo_. Can. 9,1); po_rikai, po_rikai-k-kat.t.ai capital of a pillar (Ta.)(Ta.lex.) cf. po_tikai capital of a pillar (Ta.)(DEDR 4585).

7491.To hatch eggs: o_l-, vola_na_ to hatch eggs (Go.); olond. er- id. (Ga.)(DEDR 1067). rova_n.e bos to hatch (Kon.lex.)

7492.Male jackal: o_ri male jackal (Pin..); old jackal (Ta.lex.) cf. ol.l.u an old jackal (Ka.lex.) cf. o_ri male lemur (Ta.); howler, jackal; howl, yell (Ma.); o_rige howl (Tu.); o_rg- (o_rug-) to call (Ga.)(DEDR 1061). kolo, kolea_ a jackal (Kon.lex.) cf. kulaippu barking, snarling (Ta.)(DEDR 1811).

7493.Bivalve shell: ol.ale a bivalve shell used in feeding children (Ka.lex.)

7494.Image: bull: cf. ho_ri a bull calf, an uncastrated young male of the ox kind, a young bull (Ka.); bo_ri (Tu.); ho_ri a bullock (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) po_r-e_r-u fighting bull (Tiv. Periyati. 2,10,8)(Ta.lex.)

7495.Image: a female demon: ho_l.i name of a female demon, a paramour of Ka_ma; the ho_l.i_ festival observed on account of her death for the last three or four days terminating with the full moon of the pha_lguna month when Ka_ma is burnt in effigy (Ka.lex.)

7496.Image: sun: cf. o.l- (o.lt-) to see, look at (Kol.); ol- to see; o_lip- to show (Nk.)(DEDR 1066). ol.i light; sun (Pin..)(Ta.); ol.a light (Ka.); ol.i (Ma.); scorching (Paripa_. 3,67); lamp, light (Kur-al., 390)(Ta.lex.) hol.aku lustre, shine (Ka.lex.)

7497.Image: investigation: o_r-ttal to listen attentively (Pur-ana_. 157,12); o_rcci investigation (Ta.lex.)

7498.Image: neck of a lute: hol.ahu the neck of a lute (Ka.lex.)

7499.Image: split: cf. ho_r..u, po_r.. a split, piece, a slice, a part (Ka.lex.) o_lam-po_r.. split leaf of the palmyra prepared for writing (Vina_yakapu. 3,3)(Ta.lex.) Palm leaf; screw-pine leaf: o_lai palm leaf, writing on a palmyra leaf, rolled palm leaf used as an ear ornament, jewelled ear ornament (Ta.); o_la leaf of palms or grasses, writing leaf (Ma.); o.l palm leaf, ornaments worn on body (Ko.); wa.l writing, education (To.); o_le leaf of a palmyra palm, leaf used to write on, coil of palmyra leaf worn in lobe or female's ear, ear-ring of gold etc.; oli leaf of palmyra palm (Ka.); o.le screw-pine leaf, writing on screw-pine leaf, woman's ear-ring (Kod..); o_le letter inscribed on a palmyra leaf, palmyra leaf rolled up and put into the hole of a female's ear, metallic ear-ring; oli a cadjan leaf used to write upon (Tu.)(DEDR 1070). o_laippu_ screw-pine flower, ta_r..ampu_ (Tiruppu. 445)(Ta.lex.)

7500.Sound: o_lam sound, noise, roar (Pin..); o_l sound (Iraku. Nakara. 42)(Ta.lex.)

7501.Image: snake: o_lam < vya_la snake (Pin..); o_lai-p-pa_mpu a kind of snake, tropidonotus stolatus (Ta.lex.) cf. ol.l.e a kind of amphisbaena (Ka.)(DEDR 1018).

7502.Image: apple of the eye: ol.i apple of the eye (W.)(Ta.lex.)

7503.Image: mane, hair: o_ri man's hair (Tiva_.); mane (Poruna. 164)(Ta.lex.)

7504. A sign of the zodiac: o_rai < ho_ra_ sign of the zodiac (Tol. Po. 135); a division of time commencing with the rising of a zodiacal sign (Ci_vaka. 2411); time (Kuruparam. 115, Pan-n-i_.)(Ta.lex.) ho_re, ho_ra_ (fr. the Greek) the rising of a zodiacal sign; part of the duration of a sign; an hour; a mark, line; a particular scientific work or science (Ka.lex.)

7506.Furrow, line: or.a drawn line, furrow (S.); o_r., pl. o_r.a~ furrow (L.); or. (P.); or.iba_ to plough a field once (Or.); or.e ca_sa one ploughing (Or.)(CDIAL 2545). cf. oru, o_r one; ori to be united in harmony; orukkam oneness, sameness; orun:ku altogether, simultaneously; ore_ onely, one; o_rmai unity (Ta.); oru, o_r one, the same; o_ro_, o_ro_ro_, o_ro_nnu each one (Ma.); orrvi. one at a time, once every day (Ko.); or, o_r one; o_ran.a a line, row (Ka.); ori one (adj.)(Kod..); o.rak etti one pair of bullocks (Kod..); or one (adj.); oru one, single, solitary; ora once, at once (Tu.); orima, orimika friendship, harmony (Te.); oror one; orone alone; or.e one; warpne at one place (Go.); uRku uRku one each (Kond.a); ro, ronje one (Pe.); ru, rund.i one (Mand..); ro one (Kui); rondi, ro_ one (Kuwi); or^ot one man or woman; utxi_ alone, lonely; orma_ all (Kur.); ort one (Malt.); asit. one (entity); asi one (adj.); asi_ke once (Br.)(DEDR 990). on.t.i that which is single, solitary or single person (Ta.); one, single, alone (Ka.); alone, single, separated (Tu.); state ofbeing alone, singleness, solitariness; single, only one, alone (Te.); unt.hal one (neut.)(Go.); on.t.a_ one thing (Kur.)(DEDR 990). hora a line (Santali.lex.)

7507.Image: a line: cf. o_l.i, o_n.i a continuous line, a row: a multitude, a number, a mass; succession; o_l.iver-u to form a line or be in a line; to form a mass or considerable body (Ka.lex.)

7508.Myrrh: po_l.am < bo_l.a myrrh, aloes, gum-myrrh (Ta.lex.) cf. vo_la, ba_l.a, bo_la, bo_r..i, bo_r..u gum-myrrh (Ka.lex.) go_la-rasa gum-myrrh (Ka.lex.)

7509.Seven: cf. o_r..u, er.. seven (Ka.); yo_r..u (M.)(Ka.lex.)

7510.Image: one eye: oru-kan. one eye; o_ra-k-kan.n.i squint-eyed female (Ta.lex.) oruttalai one side (Kamapara_. Ayo_t. Man. 66); orutti a woman (Tiv. Tiruppa_. 25); orti (Te.); oru-talai one-sidedness (Kur-al., 1196) (Ta.lex.)

7511.Account of foreign trade: oru-kan.akku a triennial statement of account of the trade carried on in a foreign country by an agent of a Na_t.t.ukko_t.t.ai Chetti (Ta.lex.) poru-tal to multiply (Nan-. 269, Mayilai.)(Ta.lex.) cf. or..uku register of a temple giving an account of its properties and its history (Ta.lex.) cf. paras beyond; paxe_re further away (L.)(CDIAL 7798). parokkha out of sight (Pkt.); parokhe secretly (P.)(CDIAL 7915). cf. varataya_ foreigner (Si.)(CDIAL 437).

7512.Image: spy: cf. ho_rika, ho_riga spy (Ka.); he_rika id. (Ka.)(Ka.lex.) or-r-an- male spy (Man.i. 26,27)(Ta.lex.)

7513.Money on account: horal.e money of one head of accounts transferred to another in order to be returned; hor-ige business, work (Ka.lex.) orutalai positiveness, certainty (Tol. Po. 225)(Ta.lex.) cf. o_rcal settlement (W.)(Ta.lex.)

7514.Image: oblique: ho~r.sec obliquely, to one side, sideways (Santali.lex.) orukkan.ittal to lie on one side (Tiv. Tiruma_lai. 23, Vya_. 81); to shut partially; to set slantingly; to put sidewise (Ta.lex.) po_ru-tal to go on, proceed; to continue (Kuruparam. 170); to return (Tirukko_. 182)(Ta.lex.)

7515.Smear; images: to tumble over; to overflow: bo_rala, bo_ralu, bo_rla a turning over, a roll; upside down, topsyturvy (Ka.); bo_rle (Te.)(Ka.lex.) pural. (pural.v-, puran.t.-), piral. (piral.v-, piran.t.-) to roll over, tumble over, be upset, slip off, roll (as waves), overflow, be deranged or changed (as times, customs or laws), be overturned (as a state), go back on one's word, be refuted, die; pural.i, piral.i lying, deceit, insurrection; purat.t.u (purat.t.i-) to turn a thing over, roll, turn up (as the soil in ploughing), fry (as vegetable curry), nauseate, deceive, pervert, smear, fould with dirt; n. turning over, overturn, prevarication, deceit, treachery, nausea, colic; purat.t.an-, pirat.t.an- deceiver, liar; purat.ci upsetting, disorder, anarchy; pirat.t.u deceit (Ta.); pural.uka to roll; purat.t.uka to turn about; pural.ikka to revolve in the mind; piral.uka to wallow, roll, turn, be smeared, overflow; pirat.t.uka to roll about, distort words, deceive, rub as ointment, soil; pirat.t.u deceit, lewdness; pirat.t.an fraudulent; pirat.t.i confusion, consternation; piral.ca turning about, wallowing (Ma.); porn.- (pord.-), po.n.-(po.n.d.-) to roll backwards and forwards; port.- (port.y-), po.t.- (po.yt.-) id. (Ko.); pord., porn.l. act of rolling backwards and forwards; pern.- (perd.-) to turn upside down, (person) does opposite of what was promised; pert.- (pert.y-) to turn upside down (Ko.); pi.l.- (pi.d.-) to tumble over or down; pi.t.- (pi.t.y-) to push over or down (To.); poral., purul. to roll, welter, wallow; hod.d.u to roll about (Ka.); pureluni, pureyuni, poreluni, pored.uni to roll, turn; purepuni, porepuni, porelpuni to roll, turn over, recant, impute, attribute; porelu reeling; porn:kuni to roll, run over; pered.uni to roll, move, wallow (Tu.); por(a)lu to roll, roll on the grond, overflow; n. rolling, overflowing; poral(u)cu, por(a)lincu to roll or roll over; por(a)lika rolling, overflow; porupu to roll, as in a powder, mix up (Te.)(DEDR 4285).

7516.Imagse: face down; topsy-turvy: bo_rala, bo_ralu, bo_rla, bo_rlu upside down, topsy-turvy (Ka.); bo_ra chest, breast (Te.); bo_ragil(l)u to lie or fall on the face or breast, be turned upside down; bo_rla on the face, face downwards; bo_rlincu, bo_ragincu to turn upside down, invert (Te.); bo_ra chest (Kond.a)(DEDR 4592).

7517.Image: to churn: poru-tal to churn (Tiruppu. 1)(Ta.lex.)

7518.Bark: porukku bark (Ci_vaka. 622)(Ta.lex.)

7519.Sea porcupine: o_ra_ sea porcupine, light brown; a sea-fish, tenthis vermiculata (Ta.lex.)

7520.Image: sprout: oliyal luxuriance (Pur-ana_. 201,15); shoot, sprout (Pur-ana_. 202,10, Urai.)

7521.Image: chaplet of flowers: oliyal garland of flowers (Ci_vaka. 2682); chaplet of flowers (Pur-ana_. 76,7)(Ta.lex.)

7522.Image: porch, portico: or..un:kai porch, portico (Ko_yilo. 1346) (Ta.lex.)

7523.Image: to combine, to join: ollu-tal to combine, unite, join (Kantapu. A_r-r-u. 7)(Ta.lex.) orun:kutal to join together (Kantapu. Cu_ran-araciru. 11); orun:ku adv. altogether (Na_lat.i, 387); oru a or one (used before a consonant)(Ta.); or (Ka.); oru (Ma.); orun:ka-vit.utal to bring together, unite (Tiv. Tirunet.un. 17, Vya_. 134)(Ta.); orun:kiyal-an.i figure of speech connecting different ideas together (Vi_raco_. Ala. 13); o_ra_n:ku unitedly, jointly (Kalit. 18)(Ta.lex.) horakul.i a person who joins others, i.e. depends on others for his subsistence; hora, pore joining (Ka.lex.) poru-tal to join, unite, combine (Cilap. 15,50)(Ta.lex.) po_r-ttal to surround (Kantapu. Cin:kamu. 457)(Ta.lex.) Image: joining together: po_r joining fast together (Maturaik. 354); po_r-k-katavu batten door; folding doors, as joined (Cilap. Arum. Akara_ti.); po_r-r-iya_tal grasping or securing closely (Na_mati_pa. 757); potivu union (Ta.lex.)

7524.A measure: orun:ke_ adv. to the fullest extent or measure (Tiv. Iyar-. Tiruvirut. 45); orua_r an ancient measure (Tol. Er..ut. 170, Urai.); orutuvali an ancient measure (Tol. Er..ut. 170, Urai.); o_ret.ai an ancient small measure (Tol. Er..ut. 28,Il.ampu_ra.)(Ta.lex.)

7525.Image: male of animals: oruttal male of certain animals, viz., pulva_y, puli, ur..ai, marai, kavari, kara_m, ya_n-ai, pan-r-i, erumai (Tol. Po. 590, 591, 592); karat.i (Cu_t.a_.)(Ta.lex.)

7526.Alangium: oru sage-leaved alangium, ar..icil (Ta.lex.)

7527.Powder: cf. bu_ro fine sugar; bu_ran.u to reduce to powder (S.); bu_ra_ powder (H.); bu_ru~ inferior sugar (G.); burkan.u to powder (S.); burko powder (Ku.); burkan.o to fill with powder (Ku.); burburon.o to pulverize, sprinkle with powder (Ku.); bhuro coarse powder (Ku.); bhura_ (Or.); bhurbhura_na_ (H.)(CDIAL 9298). cf. pur..uti pulverised or fine powder (Ta.); pu_r..i powder, sacred ashes; pu_ti powder (Ta.); porsi sweeepings (Malt.)(DEDR 4316). bu_ra_, bu_ra_sakkare a white sort of finely granulated sugar (Ka.lex.) pu_ra_, pu_ra_-carkkarai < bu_ra_ (U.)+ fine brown sugar (Ta.lex.)

7528.An incense: pu_rika_ eagle wood, akil (Malai.)(Ta.lex.) pu_ram a kind of incense (Skt.lex.)

7529.Camphor: pu_ram < karpu_ra camphor (Pata_rtta. 1076); medicated camphor (Tailava. Taila. 46); crude calomel, iracakar-pu_ram (Tailava. Taila. 69); pu_rapati medicated camphor; pu_ra-k-kat.t.u prepared calomel (Pais.aja. 126); pu_ra-k-kal.impu ointment of calomel (Pais.aja. 144); pu_ra-k-kile_tam black or yellow wash, hydrargyri nigra; iraca-kar-pu_m ce_rnta maruntu ni_r (C.E.M.); pu_ran.-kal.ittal waving of lighted camphor before a deity (Ta.lex.)

7530.Kettledrum: bhe_ri_, bhe_ri kettledrum (MBh.); bhe_ra (Skt.); bhe_ri (Pali); bheri, bheri_, bheli (As'.); bhe_ri_ (Pkt.); bheri (S.); bhe_har, bhe_hr (L.); bherⁱ (G.); bher (M.); beraya, bere_ small drum (Si.)(CDIAL 9615). bhe_riva_daka drummer (Pali); bherava_ya_ (Si.)(CDIAL 9616). pe_ri kettle-drum (Kampara_. Er..uc. 28); drum; pe_rikai id. (Cilap. 3,27, Urai); pe_riyam id. (Kampara_. Ira_va. Ta_n-ai. 12); Lute: pe_ri-ya_r.. a lute of 21 strings, one of four ya_r.. (Cilap. 3,26, Urai)(Ta.lex.)

7531.Eight