In the following vocabulary, some sememic and morphemic compounds are also included to illustrate the nature of phonemic transforms, while sustaining the substratum of semantic structures (e.g. gaun.d.a_ cowherd station; field near a village; goe~r. belt of land nearest homestead). Sememes, with possible phonemic variants, are listed under one 'semantic' group [e.g. gad. drip; gal drip]. This is the reason for not following a strict syllabic order in the list. The list includes words from south Asian languages without attempting to guess their proto-indic forms with an '*'.

These sememes should be distinguished from dha_tus or verb roots since the radicals span both nouns and verbs and also include attributive thoughts connoted, for example, by adjectives.

Many sememes listed in the following vocabulary are from Sanskrit which re-inforced the development of the literary structures of historical periods of all the languages flowing from proto-South Asian lingua franca. CDIAL (with comparative etymological groups collected over a period of 40 years until 1966) provides thousands of possible derivations or phonological reconstructions of 'old Indo-aryan form' in Sanskrit, within its 14,845 head-words. A magnificent attempt was made in the past by linguists of unsurpassed erudition, to identify the sememes of Indian languages. A notable result was the formation and delineation of the grammatical rules of the Sanskrit language [sam.skr.ta put together, completed (RV.); sakkhata put together, cooked, embellished (Pali); saku Sanskrit (Si.)].

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am.h press

am.s'u filament

am.sa shoulder

aks.a axle

aks.a dice

aks.i eye

aga_ra house

agni fire; an:ga_ra glowing charcoal

agra top, front

agha bad

an:g go

an:ga limb; an:gu-li finger, toe; an:gus.t.ha thumb

accha clear, transparent

aj drive

aja goat

ac bend

aj anoint

ajali hollowed hands placed together

at. wander about

at.t.a boiled rice

at.t.a high; ati beyond, over; adhi above, on

ad.a screen (Kui)

ad.i heel (Ta.)

an.i, a_n.i linch-pin; ani_ka face, front, point, edge, row (RV.)

an.u millet; fine, minute

atta_ mother; attai mother-in-law, aunt (Ta.)

ad eat

adhah. below, under

adhvan road

an breathe

anas wagon

anta end, proximity (RV.); inside (R.); anti near (RV.); antar inside (RV.); a_ntra entrail (RV.)

antara different

and bind

andha blind

ap water (RV.); ambhas water (RV.); abhra cloud, rainy weather (RV.)

apara posterior (RV.)

apatya offspring (RV.)

api also, even (RV.)

ama_ at home (RV.)

amb go

ambara circumference

amba_ mother (RV.)

amla sour, acid

aya going

ayam this

ayas iron, metal (RV.)

ara spoke of a wheel (RV.); a_ra spoke

aran.a distant, foreign (RV.); desert

aram fitly, readily (RV.)

aru sun

arc shine

arn.ava sea, wave (RV.)

artha aim; wealth

ard hurt; a_rta pained, injured

ardha part, place (AV.)

ardha half (RV.)

arpya fixed; entrusted

aryamya intimate

arh be worth

arka flash, ray, sun (RV.)

ala point, sting

alaka curl, lock of hair

alasa inactive

ala_ta fire-brand [li torchwood (Sh.)]

alin black bee; scorpion; a_la_kta smeared with poison (RV.)

alpa small (AV.)

ava away, down (RV.); avara lower, nearer (RV.)

avat.a pit

avas'ya_ dew

avi sheep (RV.)

as' reach; am.s'a part (RV.); as'i_ti eighty; as.t.a_ eight (RV.)

as'ri sharp side, corner, angle, edge; am.si id. (Pali.Pkt.)

as'ru tear (RV.)

as'va_ horse (RV.)

as'vattha the tree ficus religiosa (AV.)

as' eat

as.t.i kernel of fruit

as.t.hi bone

as be

as throw

asi sword (RV.)

asr.j blood (RV.)

asau that (RV.)

asta home (RV.)

asmad base of obl. cases plur. of 1st pers. pronoun

ana pron. stem; thus (RV.); as his (Bshk.); -a_ here; today (RV.); atha then, and (RV.); adhuna now

aham I (RV.)

ahar day (RV.)

a_kara mine, accumulation (R.)

a_kula confused (MBh.)

a_kr.ta arranged, built (RV.)

a_t. flour (Bshk.)

a_n.d.a egg (RV.)

a_tman breath, soul (RV.)

-a_da taking; cf. da_ya_dya inheritance

a_di beginning

a_ditya son of Aditi, names of seven deities, esp. of the sun (RV.)

a_p obtain, reach

a_bhi_ra herdsman

a_m yes (Pa_n..)

a_ma raw (RV.); grain not yet freed from chaff; a_mis. raw flesh (RV.)

a_ma constipation

a_mra mango tree

a_ya_ti comes near (RV.)

a_yus. life (RV.)

a_ra near

a_ru hog

a_rdra wet (RV.)

a_rya noble, respectable

a_laya house, receptacle (Ya_j.)[li_ cling to]

a_li row, range, line

a_s'a_ wish, expectation (AV.)

a_s sit; a_sana sitting (AV.)

a_sya mouth (RV.); face (Ya_j.)

a_ha_ra food; fetching [hr. take, carry]

a_hu trough of water (S.)

i pronominal stem; iti thus (RV.); itara the other; pl. the rest (RV.); iyant so much (RV.); i_dr.s'a such, like this

i go; ita gone (RV.); e_ti goes (RV.)

in:kh move; in:g move

id.vara bull to be set at liberty; e_t.ate_ goes

in.d.va two coverings of muja grass to protect from fire; idhma fuel (RV.); indh kindle; indra the god Indra (RV.); inda (Pali.); i~_dr name of a god (Kt.); yudur clear sky (Kho.); i_dhriya belonging to the clear sky

indu drop (RV.); drop, spark (TS.)

ibha elephant

ili short sword, cudgel (B.)

ilih the fish clupea alosa (A.)

is. throw; is.t.i_ impulse (RV.); r.s. thrust; r.s.t.i spear, lance (RV.); is.i_ka_ reed used as an arrow (AV.); is.u arrow (RV.)

is. seek; is.t.a sought, beloved (RV.); i_h desire; i_ha_ wish; e_s.a seeking

is.t.i sacrifice (TS.)[yaj sacrifice]

is.t.aka_ brick (VS.)

iha here (RV.)

i_ks. see

i_n:kh move to and fro

i_d. praise

i_r move

i_rs.ya_ envy (AV.)

i_s' be master of; i_s'vara capable of; master (AV.); ais'varya supremacy

i_s. move; i_s.a_ pole of carriage or plough

u particle of emphasis (RV.)

uks. sprinkle

ukha cooking-pot (AV.)

u~_g sleep (H.)

ucca tall; ucca_ above (RV.); uta_r. high land, upland (L.P.)

uca_t. impatience (G.)

uccaya gathering, collection (MBh.)[ci heap up]

cayate_ takes vengeance on (RV.)[ci avenge]

uta and, even, or (RV.)

utka longing for (Pa_n..)

ud in composition with verbs denotes 'up' and 'out'; with nouns 'without'; with adjectives 'emphasis'; uttara upper (RV.); uttama the highest (RV.)

udaya rise (RV.)

udara belly (RV.)

uta_ho_ interrogative particle (MBh.)

utsava enterprise (RV.); festival (MBh.)

upa up to, upon, above, near (RV.); upakr.ta helped (Pa_n..)

ubh weave

umbi_ fried stalks of wheat or barley

ura_ ewe (RV.); uran.a young ram; u_rn.a_ wool (RV.)

r.n.a debt (RV.)

uras breast (RV.)

uru wide (RV.)

urvara_ fertile land (RV.); ubro surplus (N.)

ulu_khala a wooden mortar (RV.)

ulka meteor (RV.); ud.u star

u_th lip (Pas'.); u_s.t. lip (Wg.); o_s.t.ha lip (RV.)

us.t.ra buffalo (RV.); camel (MBh.); bull drawing a plough (RV.); ot.ho of a camel (S.)

yu_s.t. bank of a river (Kt.)

u_s.a salt ground (TS.)

ut.a leaves or grass used for thatching; od.hur screen (L.); ot.al screen (H.); ut.u to dress (Ta.)

or.a drawn line, furrow (S.); or.e ca_sa one ploughing (P.)

ud.ra, aud.ra, o_d.ra a tribe of S'u_ras; od.d.a the land of Utkala (Pkt.); od. a tribe that clear out watercoursees or build houses (P.)[um.d.a deep (Pkt.)]

us.n.a hot (RV.); usra ray, sun, day; uste~ first morning light (M.); vyus. dawn [vas shine]

u_d.ha drawn, married (Pkt.)

u_dhas udder (RV.)

un. uneven, odd (of numbers)(Ku.); u_na deficient (AV.)[in composition with numerals with re-formation after the uncompounded form, e.g. eko_na less by one]

u_ru thigh (RV.)

u_rjas vigour, strength; o_jas strength, vigour, vitality (RV.)[vajra thunderbolt (RV.)]; oju force, rapidity, height (S.); oj life, vitality (M.)

u_rdhva erect, being above (RV.)

u_h thrust

u_h surmise

ojh entrails (H.)

r. move

r.ks.a bear (animal)(RV.)

r.ju straight, honest (RV.); r.j straighten

r.tu any fixed time, season (RV.)

r.dh prosper

r.s.abha bull (RV.)

e_ka one (RV.); ae_va one (Av.)

e_d.a a kind of sheep; el.aka ram, wild goat (Pali)

e_s.a nom. sg. this (RV.)

e_la_ cardamum (Pali)

e_va just so, indeed (RV.); e_vam thus (RV.)

oppa rubbed, polished (Pkt.)

o_lla wet; odda wet [ud wet] ud wet; udan water (RV.); udanyati is very thirsty (Pa_n..); o_dana boiled rice (Ka_s'. on Pa_n..)

ol hostage (H.); ulla debt (Pkt.); ol tribute (N.)

o_gha flood (Skt.); okanda great flood (Si.); o_gha quantity (MBh.)

o_s.adhi herb, medicinal herb (RV.)

ka- interrogative pron.

ka- nom. sg. anyone; ko (G.P.)

kam.sa metal cup (AV.)

kakud peak (AV.); ku_ cow's hump (Kt.); kakubh peak (RV.)

kakkat.a a large deer (Pali)

kakkhat.a solid, hard; kat.hina hard, stiff; kat.t.u hardness (Ta.); karkara, karkas'a, khara hard, firm; khas harsh, rough (B.)

kat.o_ra cup; cf. karo_t.i cup, skull; kat.a_ha boiler

kaks.a armpit (RV.); groin (AV.); ka_ci_ girdle

kan:kata comb (AV.)

kan:ku a panic seed, panicum italicum; kajika sour rice gruel (Pali)

kajjala lamp-black (Pali.Pkt.)

kam.cu snake's slough (Pkt.)

kat.a mat (TS.); grass; thin piece of wood

kad.appa collection, bundle (Pkt.)

kat.i hip, buttocks; kad.am mountain side

kat.u pungent, bitter (RV.)

kat.t.a_ buffalo calf (L.P.)

kad.d.hati pulls (Pali)

kan.a a grain of corn (AV.)

katth boast

kath speak

kadala the banana plant musa sapientum

kana girl (RV.)

kantha_ wall; -kantha in cmpd. town (Pa_n..)

kantha_ rag, cloth

kandarpa the god of love

kavad.d.a big cowry (Pkt.); kambu shell, conch (Pali)

kavat.i_ leaf of a door

kauli_ armful (P.)

kapa_la skull, beging bowl, frying-pan, potsherd (Pali)

kapi monkey

kam desire

kamp tremble

kambala woollen blanket (AV.)

kambala dewlap

kara doing, causing (AV.); hand (RV.); karan.a act, deed (RV.)[kr. do; -kr.t in cmpds. 'doing']

kara tax (Pa_n..)

kara moving [car move]

karaka water vessel (Pali); karwa_ pot for pouring water on plaster (Bi.)

karan.d.a basket (Pali)

karabha camel; elephant

karaka hail (Pali); karkara stone

karam.ka skeleton, begging bowl (Pkt.)

kari_s'a dung

kari_sa a measure of seed; karisa dragging (Pkt.)[kr.s. pull]

karun.a mournful [kr. call]

karkat.a crab

karn.a ear (RV.)

ka_n. rim of a vessel (A.); ka_n.a_ brim of a cup (B.); karn.a handle of a vessel (RV.); karn.a end, tip

ka_n.i_ ornamental swelling out in a vessel (B.)

ka_n.a one-eyed (RV.)

ka_rin.i_ guardian, heir (S.); kul-karn.i_ village accountant (M.); ka_ran.a cause [kr. do]

kar when (K.); karhi (Pa_n..)

karj, kharj oppress

kel.i sheep (Kho.)

kallo_la gambol

karta cutting [kr.t cut]; ka_ti_ knife (Or.); ka_t.a knife (Ash.)

kattika_ (Pali); kr.ttika_ pleiades (AV.)

karttr. spinner (MBh.); kattai spins (Pkt.)[kr.t spin]

karpat.a patched garment; karpa_sa the cotton plant, gosypium herbaceum

karman act, work [kr. do; kr.ta deed (RV.)]; ka_ra doing (Pali.Pkt.); ka_ri

artisan, worker (Pa_n..)

ka_ra song (RV.); -ka_ra in cmpds. descriptive of sounds [kr. call]

ka_ra heap of snow [kr._ scatter]

kal count, think; kala_ any practical art (R.); kalya clever, well (MBh.);

kal impel; kalya spirituous liquor

kal sound indistinctly

kala dumb, indistinct; kalya deaf and dumb

kalaha quarrel (Pali); kalahaka_ra quarrelsome (Pa_n..)

kala_ a small part (RV.)

kali_ the losing die with one dot (AV.)

kalpana cutting; kalpa capable; kappa rule, rite, age (Pali)[kl.p prepare]

kavala mouthful (MBh.)

kas. rub

kas.a_ya yellowish red, astringent (Ya_j.)

kas.t.a bad, difficult; dangerous (Pa_n..)

kas go, move; ka_sa moving (Pa_n..); -ga going [in cmpds., e.g. uraga snake (Pa_n.: uras- breast, ga-; padga afoot: pad- foot, ga-]; gam go (RV.); gacchati goes (RV.); ga_ come, go

ka_sa_ cough (AV.)

ka-, ka_, kad-, kim perjorative prefix; ka_gni a small fire

ka_n:ks. wish for

ka_ca glass (Pali); ka_cana gold (Pali)

ka_ca carrying pole (Pali)

ka_nta_ra forest (MBh.); ka_nana forest (R.)

ka_la time (AV.); ka_le_ tomorrow (K.)

ka_s' shine

ka_s'a a grass used for mats (Kaus'.)

ka_s.t.a piece of wood; kat.t.ha (Pali.Pkt.); ker.u firewood (WPah.)

gat.i_ piece of elephant's tusk (S.)

gat.t. stopper (P.)

gad.a young of the fish, ophiocephalus lata or cyprinus garra

gar.i lazy bullock (B.Or.)

kan.t.a thorn

kan.d.ha_ bank, shore (P.)

kan.d. pound, strike; gandh hurt

gandha smell (RV.)

kan.d. be glad

ga_t.a_ piece of land (H.); gar.o field (Ku.); ga_l.u small field (Kho.); karda swamp; kalala mud (Pali); ga_l. mud (M.); gacc mud, mortar (P.); kaccha marshy land (Pali); kha_char. river bank (P.); kacch, ka_cch measurement of a field (P.)

ga_t.a_ nape of neck (L.); ga_t.ru throat (S.); kha_t.karo_ti clears the throat (Pa_n.); kr.ka_t.ika_ joint of neck; ki_a_r.i_ nape of neck (L.); kan.t.ha throat, neck; kandhara neck (Ya_j.); gala throat, dewlap (Pali); gal swallow; gara swallowing (Pa_n..)[gr._ swallow]

gan.d.a goitre, boil; gal.a hump on back (Pa_n.. Va_rtt.)

ga_d.a_ carriage, cart (M.)

ga_t.a_ wrist (Bhoj.); ga_tra limb (RV.)

ga_tra_ inner peg of yoke (L.)

gai sing; ga_tu song (RV.); ga_ndharva relating to singers (RV.)

ga~_t.a_ strong but short, stout, knobbly (B.); ga_dh stand firm

ga_dha fordable (Pali); vai-ga_ ford, stream (Sh.)[vaikai name of a river (Ta.)]; ga_ha depth (RV.); ga_h dive into; ga_d.ha

gali_ mountain pass (Pas'.); lane (H.)

gava cow or bull; go_ ox, cow (RV.); ga_va ox (Pali)

ga_va stone, mountain (Pkt.); gra_van stone for pressing soma (RV.); gha_van stone mortar (M.); gha_n.a mill (Pkt.)

ga_hu bait for fish, birds, etc. (S.)[gras swallow]

ga_ha crocodile (Pkt.); gra~_ (Sh.)[grah seize]

gha~t. protuberance of snout of crocodile (A.); ghan.t.ika_ alligator; gha~r.iya_l (A.B.)

gahwa_ pincers [grah seize]

gan.d.a rhinoceros; khad.ga rhinoceros

gol.an., golan. to look for, search (L.)

goha hiding-place (RV.); gup protect; go_payati guards; gowna_, gona_ to hide (H.)

go_ha soldier, village headman (Pkt.);

goho husband (M.)

go_nasa a large snake; ghan.as a boa constrictor(M.); gunas a short thick poisonous snake (K.)

go_pa_nasi_ inverted v-shaped rafter supporting the framework of a roof (Pali)

go_n.a ox (Pali)

go_n.a- sack, woollen rug (Pali)

go~r.i_ long feeding trough of sun-dried mud (Bi.)[go_ cow; kun.d.i pot (Pali)]; ku_t.a pitcher; kut.a water-pot, pitcher; kud.uba a measure of grain (Pali); kud.ua_ leather vessel (Pkt.)

go_t. house (Wg.); gotti relative (Pkt.); gotta clan (Pali) go_tra cowpen, enclosure (RV.); gaun.d.a_, gon.d.a_, go~r.a_ cowpen, sheepfold, cowherd station (H.)[go_ cow, vr.nda heap, multitude (MBh.); vam.da collection, herd (Pkt.); bi~_d. heap, bundle (of straw, etc.); bi~_d.i_ hair plaited behind (H.); bi~_d.iya_ an ox yoked in front of a pair or two pairs (H.)]; ga~_dru~, go~dru, ga~_dro, go~dro village pasture, confines of a village (G.); ga~_vadar, ga_vadri_ village precincts (M.) go_r herd of cows (Pas'.); gojuro (OSi.); go_cara pasture, food (Pali) go_dhana herd of cows (MBh.); cow station (R.); gohana track, path (OAw.)[go_ cow, dhan. herd (WPah.); dhan wealth in cattle (B.)] goho pathway made by animals in the jungle (N.)[go_ cow, patha way] go_va_t.a hurdle for cattle [go_ cow, va_t.a enclosure, fence]; gwa_r. cattle shed (Ku.); gowa_ri_, gua_ri_ cowhouse, dwelling house, family (H.) go_s.t.ha cow-house (RV.); got.t.ha cowpen (Pali); got.h pasture land, herd, flock (B.) got house (Chil.); gohth place where sheep are penned for the night in the high ranges (P.); got.ha_lo herdsman (N.)[go_s.t.ha cow-house, pa_la protector (R.)]

dhan run; dhanayati sets in motion; dhan.i_van. to put to bull (of cows)(L.)

godho bull (G.); godhu~ young bull (G.); godhalu entire bull (OG.)[go_ cow, dhava man (Naigh.); husband]; goru~ cow, ox (Or.); ox, horned cattle (Bi.); gon.-geri ox (Si.); go_rwa_ bull (Gypsy)[go_ cow, ru_pa form, beauty (RV.)]

ga_vd.a_ village official (M.); ga_mau_d.a village headman (Pkt.); gra_ma-ku_t.a chief of a village (of S'u_dra)[gra_ma village, ku_t.a summit, peak];ga~_va~_di_ neighbour (L.); gaa~tia_, gantia_ village headman (Or.); gra_ma_nta border of a village [gra_ma village, anta border (RV.)]; gava~_d.h neighbourhood (P.)

gra_ma troop, village (RV.); giram clan, village (Burushaski); ga_ma village (Pali); ga~_v (Marw.)

d.an.d.u horn of ibex (S.)

dan.d.i beam of balance (Or.)

da~_r.a_ stick (A.)

d.a~_r.i line (Mth.)l; d.a~_d. weal, stripe (L.)

dan.d.a_ side piece of a cart

goe~r., goe~r.a_, go~r.ha_, gau~r.ha_ belt of land nearest homestead (Bi.); goe~r., goe~r.a_ richly manured land near houses (Mth.); go~ir. neighbourhood of a village (Brj.); gaun.d.a_, gon.d.a_ field near a village (H.); gova~d. cow path (esp. over hill pasture); go~d. lane in village between enclosures; gur-dan.d. cattle track (M.)[go_ cow, da_n.d.a, d.a~_r.a main road of a village (Or.)][d.a~_r. field boundary (Bi.)]; goera_, goira_ well manured land on the outskirts of a village (P.)[go_ cow, ?s'akr.t dung (RV.)]

got.a numerative particle (Mth.); got.a_ seed, whole (B.); kot.t.ai nut (Ta.)

go_la ball; gud.a globe, ball

gor. foot, leg (B.)

gol.ya_ small earthen vessel (M.); go_la large waterjar

gollo devotee of goddess (G.)

go_dhika_ alligator; gohi (Mth.); go_laka lizard

go_dhu_ma wheat (VS.); gehu~_ (S.)

kum.ta spear (Pkt.); spike of a top (S.); kunda a turner's lathe; cunda wood or ivory work

ku_t.a ploughshare (Pali)

gan.d.a joint of a plant; kan. joint of bamboo or sugarcane (Ta.); ka_n.d.a single joint of a plant (AV.TS.)

gan.d.ho four in counting (S.)

gadra_ spotted (L.); karbara spotted, variegated

kana_r bamboo goad for young elephants (Mth.)

gal.a hook (Pali)

gad. mixed with (Pas'.)

gad.hai forms (Pkt.); gar.hna_ to form by hammering (H.)

gad. drip; gal drip; garan.a dripping [gr._ drip]; ga_l. dregs (Kho.)

girai says [gr._ declare, praise]

ka_car small bit (G.)

kacchapa turtle, tortoise (Pali)

kacchu_, khas itch; kan.d.u_ itch

ger, gel itch (Gypsy)

kacol. little metal vessel to hold rice (M.); kat.ora_ small open-mouthed cup (P.); gad.u_ drinking cup (M.); gd.^uwa small metal pot (K.); kal.a-ged.iya waterpot; ghat.a pot; kandu iron pot

gad.ha fort (Pkt.)

gan.a troop, flock (RV.)

gan.ana counting (Pa_n..)

gad.d.ari_ goat, ewe (Pkt.)

ga_ta hole (Or.); garta hole; gad.d.a hole (Pkt.); karta, khalla hole; khad.d.a_ hole, cave (Pkt.); kha_tra hole

khop hole (H.); khappa_ hole (L.); ku_pa hole (RV.); well (Pali)

gi~h house (WPah.); ge_dha, ge_ha house (VS.); gr.ha house (RV.); gaha (Pali); gr.hin possessing a house (TS.); gihi householder (Pkt.)

gem.dua ball for play (Pkt.)

gijaka_- brick (Pali)

kucika_, guja_ abrus precatorius

ghi_can.u to drag (S.); khijn.a_ to pull (P.);

garda seat

garbha womb, foetus (RV.)

garva pride, arrogance (R.)

garh abuse

gamba mud building (S.); ga_br.i_ filling of a hole (G.); gabhi_ra deep (RV.); gambhan depth (VS.); gahvara deep (TS.); jamba mud

jambha tusk; jaws (RV.)

ke_da_ra irrigated field (Pali); kya_ro (G.); ka_rr.o rice plot (G.)

ke_varta fisherman (VS.)

kit. fear

kit.t.a secretion; lees (Pkt.)

kim what? why? interrogative particle (RV.)

kittaka how much or many (Pali); kuti anything (Pas'.)

kiraka scribe; kera_ clerk (B.)

kut.a lame (Ash.); kho_ra lame

kiran.a dust (RV.); ray of light (MBh.)[kr._ scatter]

kira_t.a merchant; cila_ti_ woman of this tribe

ki_t.a insect (Pali)

ki_rt recite, praise

ki_la stake, peg, tumour

kukkut.a cock (VS.)

kuc bend, contract; kut. bend; kun.t.ha blunt, lame, bent (Pali)

kod.a youth (Ka.)

kun.d.ala ring (Pali)

kudda_la spade, hoe (Pali)

kud.a tree (Pkt.)

kut.i_ hut (Pali)

kud.ya wall (Ya_j.)

kut.umba household (ChUp.)

kun.a insect living in clothes

kutta rent, lease (Pkt.)

kuts abuse

kuth rot

kunth, krunth suffer pain

kup shake, be angry; cf. ko_pa anger

gur raise

gur praise [gr._ declare, praise]

kuma_ra boy (RV.)

kumbha jar, pot (RV.)

kumbhi_la Gangetic crocodile (Pali); kubir (N.)

kur ploughshare

kuran:ga antelope

kurkura dog (AV.)

kula herd, troop (RV.); race, family (Pa_n..); clan, household (Pali); kulika kinsman (Ya_j.)

kula_vaka nest (Pali); gu_d.e nest (Tu.Ka.)

kulattha the pulse dolichos uniflorus

kus. strike

kus.t.hala rice field (Pa_n..); kut.hal (WPah.)

kusi_ta lazy (Pali)

kus'i_ small wooden pin used to mark in recitation; khuca peg (Or.); khu~c indentation (G.); khum.t.a peg, post (Pkt.)

kho~c cut, tear (P.); combun to pierce, bore (K.); kompu horn (Ta.); cobnu to pierce (K.); gopan.u to splice (S.); gopnu to pierce, stab (N.)

kut. break; kut.t. beat, break; kut.ha_ra axe (R.)

khorna_ grain-parcher's poker (Mth.Bi.)

khu~t. Brahmani bull (G.); khu~_dhⁱ hump on the back (G.); kubja humpbacked (VS.); khun.d.a_ crooked-horned (L.); khubar. hump on the back (M.); khumle bent (N.); ku_t.a hornless

kusu_la granary for rice or other grain (Pkt.); kuseli_ cornbin (Pas'.)

kuha fog, mist

kuh deceive; ku_t.a deceit (Pali)

ku_d.a trap, snare (Pkt.)

ku_l burn; ku_layati, ku_d.ayati burns (RV.); kun.d.ati burns (Pali); kullad.a stove (Pkt.)

ku_la bank of river, slope (Pali); declivity (RV.)

ku_ cry out

ku_t.a sledgehammer (Pali)

ku_t.a heap (Pali); summit (Pali); ko_t.i summit (Pali)

ko_t.i end (Ta.)

ku_pa mooring post, mast; ku_mpu cone-shaped pinnacle of chariot (Ta.)

ku_rma tortoise (VS.)

ku_pa leather oil vessel

ku_rca bunch, bundle of grass (TS.)

kr.p lament

kr.mi insect, worm (AV.)

kr.s'a lean, thin (RV.)

kr.s. pull

kr.s.n.a dark blue, black (RV.)

kr._ scatter; char.a_na to scatter (B.); cat. to scatter (Pas'.)

char.a spear-shaft (Or.)

chat.a_ mass, lump

kr._ hurt

kl.p prepare

ke_sara in cmpd. 'mane' (Pali)

koka_ tack nail (H.)

kot.t.a, kut.t.a fort (Pkt.)

kod.i twenty (Juang); kod. (M.)

ko_n.a corner, angle (Pali); khu~_j corner (P.); khun corner (Phal.); kut.a_ heel (Ash.); khura hoof (Pali.Pkt.)

kotthali_ sack (Pali)

ko_dravaka a grain, paspalum scrobiculatum (BHSkt.)

kur-ai sprout (Ta.)

ko_la crooked (Dm.); ko_t.illa (Pali)

ko_t.ikar weaver (Ta.); koli_ (H.)

ko_sa sheath

ko_sa storeroom (Pali); ko_s.t.ha granary (MBh.); kot.t.ha (Pali)

krand cry

krand step, tread

kram step

kris'n.o to comb (WPah.)

kri_ barter

kri_d. sport

kruc curve

krudh be angry

krus' cry, call

klam be tired

klav fear

klid wet; gilla wet (Pkt.)

klo_man lungs (VS.)

kvan. sound

kvath boil

ks.aj go, approach

ks.ad cut up; cha_n.d.an. to lop (L.); chid cut

ks.an injure

ks.ap destroy, throw away

ks.am endure

ks.ar flow; ks.al flow, wash; jha_ra_ stream of water from the perforated bottom of a pot to water a plant (B.)

jha_l gilding (P.)

ks.a_ra corrosive (R.)

ks.i dwell; ks.e_tra land (RV.)

ks.i perish

ks.i_n.a worn away

ks.i_ba drunk

ks.i_ra milk (RV.)

ks.u sneeze

ks.ip throw

chut.t.a released (Pkt.)

ks.ud trample

ks.up press

ks.ubh shake

ks.uma_ flax, hemp

ks.ur cut, scrape

ks.ai burn; jhas. burn; zah heat (A.); jvar burn; jval burn; jhai burn; za~_u vitrified brick (A.)[ks.a_ma charring]

kho_d.a boundary post (Pkt.)

khakkh laugh; kan laugh

khac project, be studded

kha~_c basket; khat.a thatching grass

khat. wish

khat.ika_ chalk; gairika_ red chalk; ge_ruka yellow ochre (Pali)

khat.u_ anklet

khad.u_ bier; khad.aka bolt, post; khor^u standing

khan.d. break

khan.d.u sugar

kan.d.uva_ upper garment (Te.); kha_di rough cloth (N.); kha_rva_ coarse red cloth (P.)

khadika_ fried grain

khan dig

khara donkey

kharat.a crackling sound

kharvat ficus scrabriuscula, a fig-tree

khara_yo hare

kharju_raka scorpion

kharpara skull; khopr.i_ skull (Ku.)

kharva mutilated, imperfect

khal shake; khala threshing floor

kilar rises (Gypsy)

khalla leather

khali_ oilcake

khalu certainly

khal, kharal mortar (H.); ga_ra_ thin mud used for mortar [gr._ drip]

khavaya shoulder (Pkt.)

khasnu to fall (N.); khisai slips (Pkt.)

khasun to lift up (K.)

khassan. snatch (L.)

kha_d eat [ca_tam food (Ta.)]

kha_ra a grain measure (Pa_n..)

khicca_ dish of rice and peas; kisa_ri_ lentil, lathyrus sativus (H.)

khir.a_eb to spread (Mth.)

khi~d. mountain pass (M.)

kholl to open (S.); khi_d. mountain pass; khilan. to open (L.); khila unploughed land (AV.);khid tear, press; khe_d.ai ploughs (Pkt.); khe_da fatigue (Pali); khedo pursuit (G.)

khilla boil (Pkt.)

khili roll (of betel)(N.)

khisi mockery, scorn (N.)

ku_pa leather oil-vessel

guccha, guja, ku_rca bunch, cluster

kudan.u leaps, jumps (S.); ku_rd leap

ku_rpara elbow; kappara (Pali)

klo_m roof (Ash.); ku_rma tortoise (VS.)

khol sheath, case (P.)

khulla hut (Pkt.)

kr.cchra painful, miserable

kher.o shield (S.)

khe_d.a town with an earth rampart (Pkt.); kherni plot of ground covered with thatching grass (A.)

khe_t.a, ks.ve_d.a phlegm

ke_l- play; khe_d.an.aa toy (Pkt.)

kes' silk, silk threads (Gypsy)

khokho anything withered and dried up (S.)

kho~go fish-trap of basketwork (N.)

khoj clue (N.); footprint (A.)

kho_d.i fault (Pkt.)

khodna_ to dig, carve (H.); kotarvu~ (G.)

khop hut (M.); kho~p (Mth.)

khop hair-knot (N.)

khya_ make known

gagana atmosphere (Ya_j.)

gaja treasury; grainstore

gaj heap (P.)

gam.ja hemp, cannabis sativa (Pkt.)

garj roar

gargara churn

gard cry

granth tie, knot

grabh, grah take

gras swallow

girum whirlpool (Wg.); ge_run to surround (K.); gherm I turn round (Kal.); gham.gho_ra constantly turning (Pkt.); ghulai turns (Pkt.); ghummai turns round (Pkt.) ghut. turn; gholn.o to stir, mix (Ku.)

ghumt.o woman's headcloth (N.)

ghun.d.i_ knot of thread, tangle (S.)

gruc rob

glai be weary

gha, gha_ particle of emphasis (RV.); ga also, even, and (Sh.)

ghat.a pot (Pali)

ghar.n.a_ to carve (WPah.); ghar.vu~ to shape, hammer (G.)[ghana hammer (AV.)]

gha_r.u_ carpenter; ghat.ayati joins; ghat. form, mould; jad.n.e~ to join, inlay (M.)

gat.-i_t married her (Bshk.);  gha_d.a friendship (Pkt.)

gha_t.a_ nape of neck (Pali)

gha_ta killing [han kill]

ghat.a_ collection, mass; gat.n.i income (Sh.); ghat.t.ana_ means of living (Pa_n..)

ghat.t. touch, rub; ghat.t.an. to decrease (L.)

ghat.t.a landing place (Pkt.)

ghara house (BHSkt.); kher (Gypsy)

ghas eat

gha_ra sprinkling; gha_r ravine (H.)

ghur make a noise

ghus. call, shout

ghr. trickle

ghr. be hot; ghr.ta clarified butter (RV.)

ghattisam. gives (Pkt.); ghetla_ taken (M.); gat, git took (Wot..)

ghr.s. rub, pound

gheg goitre (N.)

gho_n:gha shell

gho_t.a horse

ca enclitic: and (RV.)

caur. flat space, field (Ku.); catur- in cmpds.; catuh. four times (RV.); caraya meeting place in a village (Pkt.)

cak be frightened; cakna_ be bewildered (H.); cakita frightened (Pali)

cak be satisfied

cakra wheel (RV.)

caks. appear (N.); ca_hai wishes (Pkt.); ci observe; cit observe;

citra conspicuous, bright (RV.)

cas. eat, taste; cat.t.e_i licks (Pkt.); car licks (Gypsy); carv chew; cad.d.ai eats (Pkt.); ca_l. feast (N.); cat.t.ha_ watering trough for cattle (P.); ca_t.t.a_ large earthen vessel (P.); ca_d.u~ saucer-shaped vessel forming part of a lampstand (G.); cat.t.u wooden spoon (Pkt.)

cam sip; cam bread (Gypsy); jam eat (Pali); je_mana eating; jevn.i_ grain given to threshers as part wage (M.)

caghati strives after (As'.)

cam.ga clever, handsome; co_ks.a pure, clean; cokh (H.)

can:ger shallow basket (P.)

cacu beak; co_t.a beak (S.)

cat. fasten [kat.t.u (Ta.)]; cat.a_i_ matting (P.); cr.t fix

cat.aka sparrow

ced.a_ boy, son (M.); cella boy (Pkt.); romani-cel the gypsies (Gypsy)

cet.t.ha_ effort (Pkt.); ce_s.t.

can.a chickpea, cicer arietenum (Pkt.)

can.d.a fierce (Pali); ca~_r. strong (H.); can.d.a_la man of lowest and most despised caste (VS.); candal poor (Gypsy); sa~ra_l low-caste potter (A.)[jha_ri_ metal vessel with long neck (S.)]

catati hides oneself (RV.)

catura clever

catthari laughter (Pkt.)

cattra spindle; ca_tri_ axle of a spinning-wheel (G.)

cand shine

candana sandalwood (Nir.)

capet.a blow (S.); cot. blow (Sh.); chup wound (Wg.); cappai presses (Pkt.);

cipit.a flat, flatnosed (Pa_n..)

caya mound of earth as rampart of foundation, heap; cayana piling up (AV.); ci heap up; cita_ funeral pyre

cara moving (Pa_n.. gan.a); cal move, tremble; ca_lani_ pestle, mortar (Pali); ca_lan.i_ strainer, sieve (Pkt.)

caru_ large copper vessel used by dyers (S.)

carcara curled or woolly hair (RV.)

carcana laying on (an unguent)

carman hide, skin (RV.)

ca_s ploughing (B.); sa_h tilled (of land)(A.)

cavr.u~ coulter of plough (G.); cav-ta_le~ a harrow with 14 pins (M.); ca_pa bow (Pali)

cavai says (Pkt.)

casak acute pain (G.)

ca_co father's brother (S.)

ca_d.a stupid (Pkt.)[acat.u (Ta.)]; jad.a stupid

ca_ru agreeable (RV.)

ca_l thatch of a house (B.)

ci avenge [cayate_ takes vengeance on (RV.)]

cikura hair of head

cikan.u to distil, ooze out (S.); cihel wet oozy land (H.); cipph resin from pine trees (WPah.)

cikka small (Pkt.)

cin:gad.a shrimp; jhin:ga_ (P.)

jhin:gur cricket (P.); ci_ri_ cricket

cin:gha_r screech (P.)

cir. vexation (B.)

cin.ot.t.hi_ abrus precatorius (Pkt.)

citt prostrate on the back (P.)

cibuka chin (Ya_j.)

cimt.o tongs (S.); cimut.a_ pinching (Or.)

ciram. for long (RV.)

cillaa shining (Pkt.)

cit.t.ha_ account (P.)

cinha, cihana mark, sign (Pali)

citti crackling (RV.)

ci_na millet, panicum miliaceum

ci_ra bark, fibre (Pali); ce_la cloth, garment (Pali); challi bark, bast (Pali); cha_la bark

ci_s sudden pain (P.)

cukvu~ to fail, miss (G.)

cukra sour, sharp to the taste

cug peck

son:ga_ joint of bamboo, bamboo tube (A.); co~ga_ (H.)

cu_cuka nipple (R.)

cu_ttu anus (Ta.)

cud impel; co_da goad (RV.)

cup to be silent (Pas'.)

cumb kiss

cu_d.a topknot on head; protuberance on brick; caula tonsure ceremony; jat.a_ matted hair (Pali); ju_t.a twisted hair; jhakut.o woman's hair (Phal.); jham.t.i_ small bunch of hair (Pkt.); jhu~t. chignon (B.)

jhan:gu jungle (S.); jhall jungle (L.); bush (WPah.); jha_t.a forest, arbour; jhumu thicket (S.)

jhaur. attack (P.); jhapo pounce (S.); jha_l sudden leap (G.)

jha_po lid (N.)

ca_ula_ husked rice (Pkt.)

cu_d.a bracelet

cu_ra powder (Pkt.); cun.n.a powder (Pali); powder, esp. lime; cu_rn.aka ground corn, etc.

cur hole in the ground for fire (P.); cun.d.ya small well; cu_d.a small (BHSkt.); culla small (Pali.Pkt.); cun.d.ati becomes small

kullad.a small vessel, fireplace (Pkt.); culli_ fireplace

ku_la bank of river (Pali); kholo small river, valley (N.); kulya small river, canal, ditch (RV.)

culu handful of water

cu_s. suck; c^ah (K.); cappu (Ta.)

cokar bran (P.)[cakkai (Ta.)]

cot.t.u to steal (Ta.); co_ra thief (Pali)

co_d.a jacket (BHSkt.)

cyu move

cyut trickle

chaga dung (Pkt.); s'aka, s'akr. (AV.); cakana (Pali)

cha_knu to drink by letting water drop into mouth (N.); sa_k palm of hand hollowed to hold water or grain (M.)

chaga goat

chaju winnowing fan (S.)

chad seem, please [chajan.a decoration (Ku.)]

chad cover; chandas deceit [cadi (Ta.)]; chana shed (S.)

cha~_d tether

chandas incantation, sacred text, metre (RV.)

chattra parasol; cha_ta_ mushroom (B.H.)

chattra_ ram (P.)

chapun to be hidden (K.)

chapa_ impression, seal (Mth.)

chambhe_ti is stiff (esp. with fear)(Pali)

chardati vomits; cha~_r.na_ to leave (OH.)[chr.d eject, leave]

chal stumble, deceive

chal.ko splash (G.)

chavi skin (Pali)[sku cover]; cha_ya shade, shadow, reflection (RV.)

chail handsome (P.)

cha_ti_ chest (S.P.)

cha_ young animal; s'a_va (MBh.)[cavalai (Ta.)]; chavo boy (Gypsy); chokro boy (G.)

chikka_ sneeze

chikka_ra an antelope

chit.nu to sprinkle (N.); chin.vu~ to be sifted (G.)

chirnu to pierce (N.)

chillia torn (Pkt.); chila peel, bark, skin, shell (S.)

chut. get loose, release, throw; chut.t.ha thrown (Pkt.)[ks.ut.]

chup touch

chupna_ to be hidden (H.)

chur strew

che_ka clever [s'ikvan skilful (RV.)]

cho_ cut

ja- in cmpds. 'born'

jaghan.a hinder part (RV.)

jhakna_ cover of a grain pot (Bi.)

jad.ya chilliness

zatt gypsies of Arabia and Syria (Gypsy); jat.u Sindhi peasant, Musalman (S.)

jad.ula mole, freckle

jatu lac

jattu shoulder

jana race, person (RV.); jan be born [ja_ offspring; pl. descendants]

jan.n.a_ bridegroom's procession (Pkt.); janya friend of a bridegroom (RV.); ja_ti kinsman (RV.)

ja_ma_tr. daughter's husband (RV.); na_tara betrothal, relationship (OG.)

ja_mi sister (Pkt.)

ja_ya wife (RV.)

ja_r paramour (Pali.Pkt.); lover, friend (RV.)

jap mutter

jabh bite

jaya victory; jita won (RV.)[ji]

jya_ bowstring (RV.)

jara wearing out (RV.); old (Pali); ji_rati grows old; is digested (Pali)[jr._]

jaru, jaura afterbirth (S.)

jala water

jalp mutter

jas exhausted [za~_s to blow out a fire (Dm.)]

jahaka hedgehog

ja_gr. wake

ja_na_ti knows (RV.)[ja_ know]

ja_nu knee (RV.)

ja_la net, snare (AV.)

jihva_ tongue (RV.); juhu_ (RV.)

ji_ra quick movement (of the soma stones)(RV.)

ji_v live

jus. enjoy

jun:gu pubic hair (Ka.)

ju_ hasten

jr.mbh yawn; jama_i (N.)

jyut shine; jyo_tis light, moonlight (RV.); jo_ti light, star, fire (Pali)

jye_s.t.ha first, chief

jyais.t.hi_ small house lizard

jhakk doubt (P.)

jhagad.a quarrel (Pkt.)

jhaga froth, scum (S.)

jhad.ai makes fall (Pkt.); jha_r.a_ to shake off, thresh (B.); jhar waterfall (B.); jharjhara a strainer

jhan. tinkle

jha~_po matted gate (G.)

jhukan.u to stoop (S.)

jhuran. to pine with grief (L.)[jhr._ waste away]

jholo bag (Ku.)

t.aun.o deaf (WPah.)

t.ikan.u to remain, be firm (S.)

t.akkara collision (Pkt.)

t.hakkura chief man of a village (Pkt.)

t.a_k bald patch (B.)

t.a_n:gi_ hill, stony country (Or.)

t.agara, t.e_raka squinting; d.heru bullock with one horn hanging down (WPah.)

t.an:ka spade, hoe, chisel (R.)

t.a~_k iron pin, rivet (H.)

t.am.ka leg (Pkt.)

t.a_n.d.a_ dry stalk of ba_jra_ (L.)

d.a_kan. witch (P.); s'a_kini_ female attendant on Ka_li_

d.a_n.ro term of contempt for a blacksmith (N.); d.ha_n:gar. name of a Santal tribe (Or.); dha~_gar. digger of wells and tanks (H.)

d.an:ka_ drum (P.N.B.Or.H.M.); d.au~r drum (Ku.); d.aur hourglass-tabor (M.)

d.a~_g club (H.); stick (P.); d.an:ga_ stick (Pkt.); d.a_n. thick stick (A.)

d.akan.u to tremble (S.)

dagar. road (P.)

t.a~_knu to join, tack, button (N.)

t.an:gan.a borax; t.am.kan.aks.a_ra borax; t.an:ka weight of 4 ma_s.as; t.am.ka a stamped coin(Pkt.); t.a~_k button; t.an:kas'a_la_ mint; t.aksa_l.i_ mint-master [tan:kam gold (Ta.); t.an:kaka a silver coin; tanka = ka_rs.a_pan.a (Khot.){kars.a a partic. weight; pan.a a measure of account in cowries = 80; ka_ha_n.a 16 annas (pan.a's) or 1280 cowries (Or.)}; t.aka_ a copper coin; t.ako money (N.)]

t.a~_gan hill pony (H.)

t.an:gan.a, t.an:kan.a a tribe; name of a people living northwest of Madhyades'a (R.)

d.a~_go male (of animals)(N.); d.a~_gar horned cattle (H.); d.an:gur bullock (K.)

t.a~_gun millet, setaria italica, panicum italicum (Bi.); -d.an:gula (Pali)[= kan:kuni_]; ta~_dl.a_ pl. grains of certain kinds of corn (G.); can.t.ikka_r a kind of rice (Ta.); to_n.d.ul rice in the fields (Gaw.); tan.d.ula grain, esp. rice, after threshing and winnowing (AV.); husked rice (Pali) tan.d.u_la grain, esp. rice, after threshing and winnowing (AV.); tomul husked rice (K.); ta_ula (OB.)[ca_val husked rice (L.); can.t.i-k-ka_r a kind of rice (Ta.)] dha_na corn, grain (esp. parched grain)(RV.); dhanhar rice-land, land which has been under rice (Bi.); dhankhet rice-land (Bi.)

tandra row, line (VS.); t.ran.d.ru herd of cattle (S.); taran.d.i_ large herd of bullocks taken about for sale (L.); t.a~_d.u~ line of bullocks, caravan, head of a series, front, top (G.); ta~_d.a_ line (of cattle, ants, etc.), troop, company (M.)

t.a_l.i_ open terrace (M.); t.a_r level piece of ground above a stream (N.); t.a_ri unirrigated rice-field (N.)

t.illa_ hillock (L.); d.higg high bank (P.)

t.ikkida marked with one (Pkt.); t.i_ke pl. spot (D..)

d.iko horizontal line on the top of Na_gari_ letters (N.); d.ikiba to draw a line (A.); t.hen:guya_ broken (B.); d.i~gnu small stick for driving animals (N.)

t.heka_ prop, striking two things together (A.)

t.hika_n.a_ station (P.); t.heko station (G.)

t.hika_ piecework (A.B.Or.)

t.hikri_ potsherd (M.); t.hi_kru~ earthen vessel (G.) t.heki, t.he~ki small earthen pot (Or.); t.heko round wooden vessel (Ku.); t.heki_ large grain-sack (H.)

dhokro large jute bag (N.); dhokr.u~ bale of cotton (G.)

dhokar.a hanging down (of breasts)(Or.)

d.hok hut in the fields (L.); d.hwa_ka_ pl. gates of a city or market (K.); d.hokse place covered with a mat to store rice in, large basket (N.)

t.hok obstacle (Ku.); d.akkan. to stop (L.)

d.a_hal. loppings of trees (M.)

t.het.a_ substance rejected in making rice beer (N.)

t.o_p hookah bowl (WPah.); t.o_pia_ helmet (Pkt.)

t.oplo basket (G.)

t.olla_ clan, quarter of a town (P.); tul herd of cattle, company, society (A.)

t.hat.t.ar an alloy of copper and bell metal (N.)

t.happa_ stamp, mould (H.)

d.ayana bird's flight; d.ain wing, branch (H.) [d.i_ fly]

d.i_ra new shoot (Pkt.)

d.era tent, temporary stopping place (K.)

diz, dez to create (Kt.)

d.omr.a_ a low caste of musicians (H.)

d.hakkana shutting

d.ha_r.e male (usu. of cats)(N.)

d.han.d. pond, lake (P.)

d.hapna_ cover of a granary (Mth.)

d.hapuwa_ pice, money (Ku.); d.higu lump (S.); d.hi_m clod (L.); d.her heap, large quantity (Ku.); d.ok high ground, hillock, heap (Kho.)

d.halai falls, drips (Pkt.)

d.aka_ waist (Wg.)

d.ha_la shield

d.hikkai bellows (Pkt.)

d.hi_k edge, corner (Ku.)

d.hid.hu belly (S.)

d.hiro slack, loose (S.)

d.hukkai meets (Pkt.);

d.huln.a_ to incline (P.)

d.hose fat, thick (of bread)(N.)

d.husya_unu to strike (N.)

d.hem.ka beam of a well (Pkt.)

d.on:g knee (Ash.)

d.on. hole (Bshk.)

daul drum (Gypsy)

d.hauk approach

tam.s move to and fro

taka this (RV.)[ta base of nom. sg. n. all obl. sg. and all pl. forms of pron. and pronom. adj. sa]; tatha_ so, in that way (RV.)

takra buttermilk with a third part of water; whey (Pali.Pkt.)

taks. hew

daks. be able

ta_gar. mortar (Ku.); tagrⁱ a man who makes mud or plaster (K.)

ta~_gr.o strong (Ku.); t.l.agr.o strong (WPah.)[tarj threaten]

tanakti contracts (Dha_tup.)

tat.a bank, side of hill (Pali)

tat.t.aka bowl for holding food, flat bowl (Pali)[tat.t.am (Ta.)]

ta_d.a blow (AV.)[tad. strike]

tad.ia spread out (Pkt.); tata stretched, extended (RV.)[tan stretch]; tanika_ cord; tanuka thin, delicate (Pa_n..); tantra web (RV.); loom (Pa_n..)

t.a~_r. bamboo platform for sitting on (N.)

tad.a_ga pool

talla pond; ta_l canal (Bi.)

tapta heated, hot (RV.)[tap be hot]

tamas darkness (RV.)[tam choke, faint]

taran.a crossing (RV.); tara carrying across (Pa_n..gan.a); taro boat (G.); ti_ra shore, bank (Pali.Pkt.)[tr._ cross]

tari marshy lowlying land (N.); talla_ (L.P.); tara_i_ (S.P.H.); tala level, ground, bottom (Pali.Pkt.)

taraks.u hyena (VS.); tiger

taran:ga wave (R.)

tarala trembling, moving to and fro

tarwar.e sword (Sant.); tarava_ri one-edged sword

tar cream (n:g.)

taru tree (Pali.Pkt.)

tarun.a young, tender (Pali)

tarku spindle; takku (Pkt.); tark revolve

tardati splits open, sets free (Dha_tup.)[tr.d split]

tad.d.u_ ladle (Pkt.)

trappar. mat, cloth of goat's or camel's hair (L.); talpa bed

talpa raft

trap to run (Dm.)

taso hunger and thirst (S.)[tr.s. be thirsty]

tal fix

tal fry

ta_la fan-palm (Pali); ta_d.a (Pkt.); ta_laka palm leaf; ta_lapattra gold cylinder; ta_t.an:ka ear-ornament; large ring [ta_li neck ornament (Ta.)]

ta_ta father; ta_tya fatherly (RV.)

ta_mbu_la betel, betel leaf; ta~bola_ (OB.); tamoli_ betel net seller (Bhoj.)

ta_mra dark red, copper-coloured (VS.); tamba red; copper (Pali)

ta_ra_ fixed star (Ya_j.)

ta_lu palate (VS.); top of head (Pkt.)

tigma sharp, pungent, hot (RV.); tricher sharpness (K.)[tij be sharp]

ti_vra strong, hot, pungent (RV.); trup salt (Kho.)[tr.pra pungent (RV.); tr.p be satisfied, enjoy]

tittira partridge

tinta wet (Pali); trimman. to drop, distil, leak (L.)[tim be wet]

tip sprinkle

tiras across (RV.); tiras'cata transversely (RV.)

tillati goes (Dha_tup.);[til go]

tila sesamum indicum (AV.)

tilaka mole, freckle, stain (Pali)

tila_ enlarged spleen (P.)

tucchya empty, vain (RV.)

tuj push, urge

tutta goad for cattle or elephants (Pali)[tud strike]

trup pierce, hurt [tup strike]

tul lift

tr.ti_ya third (RV.); tris thrice (RV.)[tri- three; trayan three (RV.)]

tr.pra ghee

to_mara lance

to_ya water[to_y wash]

t.or.a_ bag hung round a cluster of dates (L.)

tyaj leave

trakh go

trap jump, show feeling

trapu tin (AV.)

tras tremble, fear

trut. break

trombun to prick with a needle (K.)[truph miscarry]

tre_d.ha_ crooked (L.)

trai protect

tvar hasten

thu_t sound of spitting

dam.s bite

dagdha burnt (AV.)[dah burn]

dagh reach to

dan.d.a control

dadhnah. thick sour milk (RV.)

danta tooth (RV.)

dabh hurt, deceive

dahra small

dam tame

dara fear [dr._]

dar cave (K.)

dar in cmpds. 'cleaving'(RV.); darayati causes to split (RV.)

das'a ten (RV.)

da_ bind

da_ give

da_ta given

datu share (RV.); da_ti cuts, mows [do_ cut]

duno_ti burns (AV.)[du hurt]

da_sa slave (Pali)

d.a_ho wise (S.)

de_va heavenly; a god (RV.); di_pa lamp; div shine; di_ shine

div gamble

div wail

dih smear

di_ fly

di_ decay

du_ta messenger (RV.)[du go]

dudh be violent

dur door

durv hurt

dul swing, wander

dus. spoil

dus. perjorative prefix

duhitr. daughter (RV.)

dr. regard

dr.m.h be firm

dr.p be excited, inflamed, arrogant

dr.ti skin of leather (RV.)

dr.bh string, tie

dr.s' see

dai clean

dyut shine

dravati runs (RV.)[dram run]

droxum silver (Kho.); damma a coin (Pkt.)

ja_n.o_ to go (WPah.)[dra_ run]

d.ahar lowlying land (L.P.)

dra_va speed, flight [dru run]

dru- wood

druh injure

drai sleep

dva- two; du- two in cmpds.; dvih. twice (RV.)

dro_n.a wooden trough (RV.); dro_n.i valley

dvis. hate

dhat.a scale of a balance, a balance

dhan run

dhana contest, prize, booty, property (RV.)

dhanus bow (RV.)

dham, dhma_ blow

dha_v run; dhav run

dha_ place

dha_d.e_i drives out (Pkt.)

da_n earthen fireplace (K.); dha_na in cmpds. receptacle (RV.)

dha_na site of habitation; dha_na_ the portion of a village inhabited by Gonds (H.)

dha_n.ik mousetrap (Ku.)

dha_nnu to support, maintain, manage to do (N.)

dha_ra in cmpds. holding

dha_ra stream (RV.)

dha_ra_ sharp edge, rim, blade (RV.)

dha_v wash

dhi- in cmpds. receptacle

dhik fie!

dhuks. kindle

duri_ bull (Wg.); dhura yoke, pole (Pali); dhur yoke or yoke-pin (RV.)

dhu_ shake

dhu_li_ dust (Pkt.)

dhu_pa incense

dhr. hold

dhr.s. be bold

dhe_ suckle

du_tⁱ loin-cloth (K.)

dhyai reflect

dhraj move

dhras glean, throw up

dhrai satisfy

dhvam.s fall

na not (RV.)

n.akka nose (Pkt.)

naks. reach

nakha nail, claw (RV.)

nagara town

nagna naked (RV.)

nat.a dancer, actor

nad.a species of reed (RV.)[el. to be hollow (Ta.)]

nad sound

nana_ndr. husband's sister (RV.)

nand rejoice

naptr. grandson (TS.)

nabh tear asunder

nam bend

nayati leads (Pali)[ni_]

nard roar

nava nine (RV.)

nayana eye; ne_tra eye

nara man, male [nr. (RV.)]

narta dancing [nr.t]

nard roar

nava new, young (RV.)

nava nine (RV.)

nas' reach; nas'yati is lost (RV.); pp. nas.t.a

nas nose; nyet nose (Wot..)

nas enclitic pronoun of 1st person plural (RV.); no_ acc. gen. dat. (Pali); -ne, -ni as direct object of verb and gen. after substantive (e.g. la_ma-ne our village)(Shum.)

nah tie

nahi surely not (RV.)

na_ka firmament, vault of heaven (RV.); nax floor (Kho.)

na_kra alligator, crocodile

na_ga snake; pannaga snake

na_ga elephant

na_ga lead

na_n.aka coin, anything stamped (Ya_j.)

newat, newta_, nawta_ a false balance (Bi.); lewat (Mth.); nwa_n. measurement (WPah.); nimeik to measure (quantity), weigh (Kho.)[ma_ measure]; nimar measure, weight, weight of 2 maunds, skin bag holding 2 maunds (Kho.)

no~d copying into a book (M.); no~dn.e~ to copy and enter a document (M.); no~dhvu~ to note down, enter in a book (G.); nibandha bond (Pali); grant of property (Ya_j); fastening (R.)[bandh]

niyata fastened (RV.); devoted to; n.iaya bound by a vow (Pkt.); nemvu~, nimvu~ to fix, appoint, resolve (G.); niya_maka charioteer, sailor; niya_ma ship's captain, pilot (Pkt.)[yam; nya_ya]

nyu~, nyo~ a good wife (Sh.); niyate he granted (OSi.)

nika_sa settlement of accounts (Or.); nika_ exit, export (H.); ni_kasi_ bridegroom's procession in the marriage ceremony (OMarw.)[kas]

ne_tras marriage ceremony (K.); nayate_ marries; netta guidance; ne_tra leading (AV.)

ni_ta led (RV.)[ni_]; n.ia taken away (Pkt.); nijan.u to be carried away (S.)

n.i_i, n.itti conduct (Pkt.); ni_ti [ni_]; niyama restraint; fixed law (R.); n.iama rule, vow (Pkt.); neo a law, institution (B.); newa_ custom, method (H.); niyamen in accordance with the regulation (OSi.); ni_m, ni_v rule, vow (G.); n.io_a order, engagement (Pkt.); niyo_ga-pa_s'a carriage trace; niyo_ga order (Pali); noi_ rope for tying cow's feet when milking (OAw.)[nij rope (H.); niryo_ga rope for tying cows]; ne_ho~ branching stick on which pots are hung (L.)

neut.a_ to turn back (B.); n.iat.t.a turning back (Pkt.); nivarta causing to turn back (RV.); nivartana turning back (RV.)[vr.t]; leut.en return of bride to father's house after living with husband (Or.)

neut. coming and going, intercourse (B.)

n.iutta engaged in (Pkt.)[yuj]; niyut team of horses (RV.); niyuta fastened (RV.); n.iua well joined (Pkt.); nu~_ to plough (Pr.)[yu, yauti fastens]

niyo_ga master; neog head peon at the court of Ahom kings (A.)

na_na_ variously (RV.)

na~_d large water vessel (P.)

na_ndana pleasure garden

n.an.n.a eldest brother (Pkt.)

na_pi not

na_bhi navel, nave of wheel (RV.)

na_ma indeed (RV)[acc. sg. of na_man name (RV.)]

na_ra_ca iron arrow

na_rike_la coconut palm and fruit [cmpd. na_ri fibre + ke_l.i coconut palm (Ta.)]

na_va boat (RV.)[nau]

nikat.am near (R.)

nya_ro dust in a goldsmith's shop (Ku.); niya place where there is litter and rubbish (Kho.); neot.hiba to gin (cotton)(A.)[nipis.t.a crushed (AV.); pis.]

ni_vra eaves of a roof; n.ivva roof, eaves (Pkt.)

nya_r fodder for cattle (H.); niga_ra swallowing (Pa_n..)[gr._]; negvu~to eat (G.) n.i(v)a_n.a watering trough for cattle beside well or tank (Pkt.); nava_n. watering place (G.); nipa_na [pa_]

nya_r, nya_ro, nira_lo lonely, aloof (Ku.); nira_laya homeless (Pali)[a_laya]

nyu_r^u, ni_ris a meadow (at the foot of or in the midst of mountains)(K.)

nya_r wild rice (H.); nava_r rice growing spontaneously (G.); ni_va_ra wild rice (VS.Pali); neya_l rice-straw (B.)

niwa_r wooden ring or wheel at bottom of a well forming foundation for the superstructure of earth or masonry (H.); ni_m dhu_ri_ the second pair of spokes of a cartwheel (Mth.); lewa_ra_ (Bi.); ne_mi rim, felly (RV.); new foundation of a house wall (Bi.); neiya~_ earthen support for jars (Aw.)

ni_vara water; marsh; n.i_ra water (Pkt.); ni_ro toddy juice (G.)[ni_r (Ta.)]

newa_r the inhabitants and former rulers of the Kathmandu valley in Nepal (N.); niva_n. valley (P.)

nivn.e~ hole near fireplace where pot is set to cool (M.); nirva_n.a blowing out, death, final emancipation [va_]

ni_pa situated low, deep; ni_wa~_ land fertilized by alluvial silt (L.); nimna low ground (RV.); n.in.n.a low (Pkt.)

ninauna_ to make bend, lower (H.); nivr.an. to bend, stoop (L.); nyu_r.an.o to stoop (Ku.); nihu~kna_ to bend, stoop (H.); nihurna_ to bow, stoop (P.H.); n.ihutta sunken (Pkt.); niyac bent down, downward (RV.); ni_ca low; below (RV.)[nyac, ac]

-nze to put, place (Pr.); nikkhitta laid down (Pali); niks.ipta deposited; nin.ya inner, hidden, secret (RV.); nihuran.u to bury (S.); nyire down (Kt.); nyora~under, below (Dm.); nija_ south (L.)[ni down, in]; nehn.a_ to make (a pot) stand on the ground (P.); n.iha_n.a store (Pkt.); n.ihan.a rice plants spread out in rows after reaping (Or.); nidhi setting down (food), hoard (RV.); receptacle,treasure (Pali); n.ihi storehouse (Pkt.)[dha_]

narop first year crop (L.); niropab to put, place (Mth.); niravin.e~ to hand over, commit to the care of (M.); niro_payati transplants [rup]

newa_ri jasmine (N.)

nive_s' to write (Kho.); nuvis' (Yid.); nimis'ta kanag to write (SBal.)

nive_s'a dwelling place (RV.)[vis']

nikraman.a putting down the feet, footstep (RV.)

nija constant (AV.); own (Pali); niya own (OG.); ni genetive affix (NiDoc.)[jan]

nitya continual (RV.); nicca constant (Pali)

niha~_i~_ potter's kiln (S.)

ni_ku~ clear, pure, fine (G.); ni~ga_l.o stream of dripping or oozing liquid (G.); n.igga_liya melted (Pkt.)[gal]; nizariba to flow gently, ooze out, drip (A.) [*jhar]; nitran. to be refined (L.); nita_r clear liquid remaining after all sedimentis deposited (P.)[tr._]

nin.an.em. to lead to (OM.)

nigad.a iron chain for legs

ni~ga_lo the small bamboo, arundinaria intermedia (N.)

nidra_ sleep [drai]; niz sleep (Mai.); nis'a_ night (Gr.S'r.); nirya_ going out (TS.) ni_d.a resting place, nest (RV.)

nind blame; ninda_ (AV.)

nista_ra discharge of debt [tr._]

ni_jh looking closely at (P.); nhya_l.n.u to wait for (WPah.) nirakhna_ to look at (H.); nirakh knowledge (P.); consideration, judgement (Ku.); niri_ks.ate_ looks at [i_ks.]

nirukta spoken out, distinct [vac]; n.irutta spoken (Pkt.); n.iruktam. certainly (Pkt.); niruta_ genuine, pure (Or.); niruta, niruta clear, decided (OG.); nirukti explanation of a word; nirutti explanation (Pali); niruti, nirati, narati news (OG.); niruta unwoven (Pa_n..com.); nirua_na_ to undo, unravel (H.)

nirgrantha free from all ties [grantha]; nigan.t.ha Jain ascetic (Pali); n.iggam.tha, n.iam.t.ha (Pkt.); punar-nigrantham intertwining again (AitBr.)

nirdha_r free from debt [uddha_ra]

nire_ti goes out, departs (RV.); ne_-, ni_ to go out (Pas'.)

niro_dha confinement, control [rudh]

niggama conclusion (Pali); n.iggama going out, road leading out (Pkt.)[gam]

nirma_n.a measuring (R.); making [ma_ measure]

nis.ka gold ornament for neck or breast (RV.); specifif weight of gold (Ya_j.);

nikkha (Pali)

nikaur.iya_ penniless (H.)[kaparda]

nis.kars.a oppressing by taxes; niks'i_ adj. strict, exact (M.)[kr.s.]

nikharo pure, unalloyed (N.); nikhot. unblemished (P.N.H.)[*kho_t.t.a] niro pure, unalloyed (S.); ni_raja free from dust [rajas-]

nid.d.a_yati cuts out, weeds (Pali); nend weeding a rice-field (K.); nada_va_ weeder (P.); nada_i_ weeding (P.); nirda_tr. weeder, reaper [do_]

ni_la indigo (Ya_j.)

nu move; na_vayati

nu shout

nu now (RV.); nu_tana fresh (RV.); nu_nam now (RV.); nur now (Oss.);

n.avaram. immediately after, at once (Pkt.)

nr.t dance

ni_ lead

ni_ churn milk

nij wash; ne_jaka washerman

ne_tra eye

ne_tra cord of churning stick

ne_tra veil (R.)

nyagro_dha banyan tree or ficus indica (AV.); n.aggo_ha (Pkt.); nuga (Si.)

napan. to seize (L.); nyarpayati throws down (AV.)[r.]

n.attha deposited (Pkt.); nyasta (Mn.)[as]; natuva inheritance; natuva_ heir (Si.); nya_sa deposit, pledge (Mn.); n.a_sa deposit (Pkt.); na_s (G.)

nyu_na shortened, wanting, defective; n.u_n.a wanting, less (Pkt.)[u_na]

pa in cmpds. `drinking' [pa_ drink]; pa_tra drinking vessel (RV.)

pa in cmpds. `protecting' [pa_ protect; in cmpds. `protecting']

pakka able (Pkt.)

pakun to go, tread, advance (K.)

pa_k bend, twist (A.B.)

pa_k eddy, rounds of a field in ploughing (A.B.)

pakar.n.a_ to seize (P.)

pakkan.a hut of a can.d.a_la

pakva cooked [pac]; pec hot (Kho.);

pacati bakes (bricks)

paca requisites (Si.); poch^u guest (K.); pa_huna_-pa_cha_ guests (N.)

paks.a wing, side (RV.)

paks.man eyelashes (TS.)

pakhur.i_ petal, flower leaf (H.)

pag turban (K.); pa~_gran. small kind of dhoti_ worn by men, bodice (G.)

pan:ka mud (Pali)

panti line, row (Pali); pankti group of five (AV.)[paca five]; paddhara straight (Pkt.)

pan:gu lame, crippled

pun~ja heap

pan~jara cage, net [pacchi_ basket woven from grass (L.)]

pan~ji ball of cotton

pa~_zi almanac (A.)

pat. split

pa~_thi_ parting of the hair (G.)

pa_tha path (Pa_n..gan.a); pantha path, road (RV.); padra village, road in a village; pa_t.a breadth, expanse; pa_t.aka long span, flight of steps; pa_d.aa road (Pkt.)[pa_da foot]

pa~_t line, turn, rotation (Ku.); pa_l.i line, row, text (Pali); pa_r.o column in multiplication (G.); pa_l arrangement in a line (L.)

pada footstep, track, place (RV.)[pad foot]; pa~u~ ace in dice (i.e. a quarter of the highest throw of 4 dots); pa_dika worth a quarter (Pa_n..gan.a); pa_do_na [pada-, u_na] less by a quarter

pa_dar uncultivated land near a village (G.)

pat.t.ha_, pat.h, pa_t.ha_ young full grown animal (H.)

pras.t.ha leading, going first (Pa_n..); pat.t.ha headman (Pkt.); las.t.a comrade (Pas'.)

pasti_ storehouse (Kal.)

pat.t.a slab, tablet

pat.t.a_ title deed to land (P.); pat.t.akila tenant of royal land

pat. sudden noise; pat.aha kettle-drum

pat.a woven cloth; pat.t.a cloth, woven silk

pat.ala veil, cover

pat.ala roof, thatch

pat.t.ana town

pat.hati repeats aloud

pan. bargain; pan.ya article for sale; pan.a wager (Ya_j.); pan.a a coin ( = 80 cowries)

pan.ava drum

pan.d.aka eunuch

pan.d.ita learned

pati master, husband (RV.)

pat after (Bshk.); para distant, further, other (RV.); pare_ afterwards (RV.)

padma lotus

paras'u axe (RV.); pars'u axe (R.)

para_i crowbar, pestle (G.)

para_i saucer used as a cover for other vessels (Bi.)[paridha_ya receptacle for water (dha_)]

parn.a plumage, foliage (of tree)(RV.); betel leaf; pa_n (Ku.N.A.B.Bi.Mth.Bhoj.);id. (H.Marw.G.M.); pa_nara_ seller of betel leaves (Or.)

pan.n.a_ka_ra special message, gift (Pali); panara, pand.ura present, tax (Si.)

parn.o wedding (S.); parna_hu (P.)[ni_]; pa_rin.a_yya paraphernalia received by woman at time of wedding

pari, paritas all around; parin.a_ha circumference, width; circumerence, extent, disc (Pali.Pkt.); pari_n.ah anything enclosed (RV.); parivarta revolving; exchange (Ya_j.)[vr.t]

parva_r. a village fence, precincts of a village or town (G.)[va_t.a]

paritta protection (Pali)[trai]; pari_tta given up (VS.); parto delivered in charge (S.)

pariya_ni_ scales (usu. a goldsmith's)(Bi.); parma_n. measure (P.)[ma_]; prama_n.a measure; standard, authority; pama_n.a measure (Pali.Pkt.)

paha_n.a chief (Pkt.); paha_n.o (OG.); pradha_na chief thing

pradhi felly (RV.); pahi_a_ wheel (P.); pahiya_ rim of wheel (Or.)

pro~_r.a comb (Ash.); pro~_wa~_ (Wg.)

pa_va_lia_ inn-keeper (Pkt.); prapa_pa_li_ woman who distributes water to travellers

bharan.i_ 7th asterism (figured by pudendum muliebre)(AV.); bharan.a bearing in womb (RV.); bhara carrying, booty (RV.)[bhr. bear]

poya_n potter's kiln (B.); pa_kastha_na kiln; pa_en brazier's flux or borax (Bi.); panawa_la_ (Mth.); pa_cana dissolvent; borax; pavana potter's kiln; punhar goldwasher's crucible (Bi.); pavi_ fire; pu_r big fire, bonfire (Pas'.); po_r burning embers (Pas'.); pava_ purification (RV.); poi_ fire (Sh.); pavitra strainer (RV.) paryun^u sieve, strainer (K.); prapavan.a purifying, straining (Pa_n..com.); paripavana cleaning, winnowing; paren sieve (Wg.); paripuna_ti strains (RV.)[pu_]; purunik to sift (Kho.); paripu_ya strained (Pkt.); palt.an.u to cast metal (S.); palat.un to melt (K.); pavana strainer (AV.); pon.a_ (P.)

parghani_ jeweller's iron ingot mould (Bi.)

paryu_n.o to give a share to everyone, distribute (Ku.); pariya_n.a general gift (Pkt.); pat.ida_na reciprocal gift (Pali); pain.o reciprocal presents among friends or kinsmen or neighbours of any unusual thing supposed to be dainty (Ku.)

pa_hatu concord, money given to person bearing expenses of any rite (S.)

pad.ga_han. pawn ticket (M.); prati-grahan.a receipt, a vessel; pat.iggahan.a acceptance (Pkt.)[prada_ya gift; pray receipt (K.); pyo_ru gift (Pr.); pradi gift (Pa_n..com.); pait.ha paid, handed over (Or.); pait.ha depositing money, payment, delivery (Or.)]; pait.i the beginning to consume corn kept long in reserve (N.); pa_it.i household work (Or.); pavatti use (Pkt.); pravr.tti advance; use; continuance (R.); pot quality, disposition (H.)

par.ghi_ stand for a pot (G.); pad.gha_ wooden bowl (M.); par.igaha_ spittoon (Mth.)

pahun.a_, pohan.a_ shoal of young fish (Or.)[po_ta youngof an animal; pova_ young snake (M.); a_dha_na: po_ta_dha_na shoal of young fish]; poha_r collection of young fish (Mth.)

pratiyabdhum to copulate [yabh]

pait.han. agreement, contract (G.); pratis.t.ha_na foundation

por space between two joints (H.); hollow bamboo for drilling seed (P.); po_ra knot (Pkt.); per joint, articulation (M.)

prakat.a manifest (Pa_n..)

pauri gatepost (OAw.); pradvar place before a gate

paur crop spread out ready for threshing (Mth.); paer treading of paddy sheaves by bullocks (Or.); pagara, payara collection, heap (Pkt.)[payir crop (Ta.)]

paha_yara sun (Pkt.); paha_r sunshine, sunny place (N.); pau, pah, poh dawn (H.); pohar light (A.)[bha_]; pahayay illumining (OSi. 10th cent.)[pakal day, sun (Ta.)]

paha master (OA.); pahu (MB.); pahu_ husband, lover (Mth.); pabhu, pahu fitting; master (Pkt.); pabhu master (Pali); pahu_ able (Pali); prabhu strong, capable (RV.); lord [bhu_ become; world (RV.); ground]; pahu_ta sufficient (Pali); pahuvai reaches (OG.); prabhu_ta much, great; pau~t strength, ability, power (Ku.)

bakura bag or bellows made of goat skin [bakura-dr.ti (RV.)]; bori sack (Sh.); bora_, bori_ coarse bag (for pack animals)(P.); pa_khar saddle with its gear (P.L.); pa_ran. bedding, decorations (G.)[pragrathana stringing together] prakaro_ti makes fit for, gains (RV.); pakkharia equipped, harnessed (Pkt.); bhastra_ leathern bag; ba_stam. carma goat's skin; basta goat; kha_ra-basta blacksmith's skinn bellows (K.); bha~_thi_ bellows (Bi.)[X bhasman ashes (AV.)]; bokosa_ load carried on back (A.)[bukka goat; boko he-goat (N.)]

bukkasa a man of the lowest stratum; bokkasa a non-Aryan people (Pkt.)

bhaka_r large wooden box to hold grain (Ku.); vakkha_ra granary (Pkt.); bakha_ra_ basket, granary (P.); vakha_ri_ ware-house keeper (G.)

ba_hul.a armour for the arms (Or.); baula bracelet (Gypsy); ba_hu arm (RV.); ba_ha_ (Pali)

va_ha draught animal (RV.); va_hana (Pali); va_khr.a_ having given milk for some time (of cow or buffalo)(P.); bas.kaya one year old (Sa_yan.a); ep. of vatsa (RV.); bakan heifer (B.); bas.kiha having calved long since (VS.); bhakullo chubby, plump (N.); bha_k bull (Sh.); bakka_ big man or animal (Si.)

va_gura net or trap for animals

bahula_ pl. the Pleiades; bahul (Kal.); bale (Sh.); bo^ul, bol^h (Kho.)

bajra_ millet (P.); varjari_; ba_jhari the grain holcus spicatus (S.); ba_jra_ spiked millet (L.B.Bi.H.M.); bu_car husks of millet (L.)

buco cropped of ears or tail (N.); but.o wanting ears or horns or tail (S.)

buco tame boar (N.); bucca_ crop-eared (L.P.)

buco plug, stopper (N.); vujjan.a lid (Pkt.); but.an. to stop, close (ears or mouth)(L.)

ba_ha steam (K.); ba_s.pa_yate_ emits vapour; ba_s.pa vapour (R.); bapha_ro vapour, sultriness, sweat (G.); va_pha_ra_ fumigation (M.)

ba_jhnu to quarrel (N.)

vajra thunderbolt (RV.); ba_j (B.)[o_jas strength]

pasa_ro extension of family property, lineage, family, household (Ku.); paha_ra_ goldsmith's workshop (P.)[sr. move]

prasava procreation (VS.)[su_ provide, bring forth, bear (young)]

prasa_tika_ a kind of small-grained rice; prasa_dhika_ wild rice

prasa_dada_na propitiatory gift; pasa_ytu~ land set apart for religious purposes or for maintenance of village artisans (G.)

prasa_dhayati adorns; pasa_hun.a_ to perform the ceremony of stripping and purifying and adorning bridegroom (P.)

pakha_l pool, reservoir (Ku.)[ks.al]

pa_ghal. ooze, trickling (M.); paha_l. mountain stream (M.); pagha_ran.u to melt, dissolve (S.); pragalati drips; parga_lna_ to melt [gal]

pakhuri_ goldwasher's iron scraper for collecting ashes (Bi.)

parovun. to perforate (with a needle), wreathe (L.); paron.a_ to string (beads, etc. (P.); pirohana_ to plait, weave on, string (beads, etc.)(H.); parivayati interweaves [ve_ weave]

parvan knot, joint (RV.); pa_b space between two joints (A.)

pariya_n.a circuit (Pa_n..); parya_n.a circuit (AitBr.); palyayate_ goes round [i]; paryaya revolution, turn; parye_ti goes round (RV.); polik to roll up, wind or wrap round (Kho.); pa_lo, pa_li_ turn, time, rotation (Ku.); pa_la_ (B.H.); pale_ back, back again, in return (Gypsy); partha to turn round (Wot.); palhattha, pallattha overturned (Pkt.); pallat.t.ai turns over (Pkt.)

paryayan.a, parya_n.a, palya_n.a saddle; pa_la_n pack-saddle (Pers.); palla_n.a, pad.a_ya_n.a (Pkt.); pa_l cloth curtain for side of tent (G.); pa_la sail (Or.); tent (N.)

praya_n.a setting out, journey (RV.); paya_n.a journey (Pkt.); paya_n expedition (A.); piya_n.u~ pilgrim party (G.)[ya_]

pra_jana goad (Pa_n.); pa_jana goad (Pali); pravayan.a goad (Pa_n..); paren ox-goad (P.); paina_ goad (H.); paron.o goad (G.); prato_da goad, whip (AV.); to_dana goad [vi_ pursue]

pravayan.a upper part of a piece of woven cloth (AitBr.); pa_on.a weaving, plaiting (Pkt.); paron.i_ piece of thread put through eye of needle (G.) [ve_ weave]; pravayati weaves on (RV.); po_ai plaits (Pkt.); povn.e~ to gather the threads of the warp into the part of the loom for raising and depressing them (M.); povan. to thread or string flowers (L.); pona_ to thread a needle, string pearls (H.)

prava_ran.a fulfilment of wish; pava_ran.a_ satisfaction (Pali)

pohan., pohan cart (P.); pravahana ship (R.)

parohan animal for riding (Bi.)

paro_ha sprout (Pkt.); phordu sprout, seedling (Kho.); paud (Ku.); paudh young plants for transplanting (H.)

pallava sprout (Pali.Pkt.); leaf (Pkt.); pa_lav tuft of foliage (G.)

pa(h)la_ tiny hut made of leaves (Or.); pal.l.i village (Ta.)

pa_gul.a chewing the cud (Or.)

pa_l house lizard (M.); palli_ (Skt.)

palya sack for corn; palla large granary; round sack for grain (Pkt.)

pariya_ya, pajjaya succession, order (Pkt.); pallava succession, order (Pkt.)

para_yan.a departure (RV.); pala_un.a_ to run away (B.); pale_ti, pala_yati runs away (Pali)

param.para_ series (Pali); lineage

paryastika_ sitting on the hams; pariyatthi, pallatthi, palhatthi squatting (Pkt.); pala~_t.hi_, palo~t.hi_ sitting with the feet crossed under the buttocks (G.); palyan:ka sitting cross-legged; pallan:ka (Pali)

parus.a spotted (RV.)

pars'u rib (AV.)

parvata mountain, rock (RV.)

pala a fluid measure (Nir.); in cmpds. `a partic. weight' (Pali)

pal.i_ ladle (M.)

pala_la mud (R.); pallala marsh, pond (Pali.Pkt.)

pala_la stalk, straw

pas' see

pas' bind

pas'ca_t from behind, behind (RV.); paccha hinder part (Pkt.); pas'cima western

pas'tun Afghan (Psht.)

pa_m.s'u crumbling soil, dust, sand (AV.)

pa_ka baking (of bricks)[pac cook]

pad.d.aya buffalo (Pkt.)

pa_r.ho hogdeer, cervus porcinus; pa_r.ha_ spotted antelope (H.)

pa_n.i hand (RV.)

pa_n.d.u whitish-yellow; pun.d.ra pale

pa_yaka foot soldier; paik (Pahl.); paig (Pers.); pa_i_k petty village official, armed attendant (M.)

pa_ra bringing across (RV.); pare_ti bores through (Pali); pa_rayati fills (Dha_tup.) [pr. cross; pr._ fill; puru much, many (RV.)]

pa_rada quicksilver; pa_ro (S.G.); paranda (Pers.); pa_rav to change (Gypsy)

parev to deal with, exchange (Gypsy); pa_rsi_ language of brokers (G.); pa_rasa Persian (Pkt.); pa_rseg (MPers.)

pa_ra_pata dove (Pali)[para fly (Ta.)[pata wing] pat.t.a leaf (Shum.); patan:ga insect; patra wing (RV.); patati flies (RV.)[pat fall]; pata_ka_ flag [pad fall]; -pa_ta fall; pa_ta_la hole in the earth; cliff, abyss (Pali)

pa_rs.n.i heel (RV.); pa_sn.a_ (P.)

pa_la protector (R.); herdsman

pa_li boundary; pa_ri_ field (Bi.); pa_r.a_ boundary of field (H.)

pa_li food prescribed for a student; bread (Tir.)

pa_s'a die, dice

pasa_ iron ring through which plough iron is thrust; pa_sa_ lump of metal (H.); pa_s silver ingot, iron share of harrow (M.); pa_s'(u)li_ a ring for the toes (B.)

pa_sa noose, snare (RV.)

pa_s.a_n.a stone; pa_s.i_ stone, rock (RV.); pars.a rock (Psht.)[paha_r. mountain (L.P.Ku.B.Mth.H.G.)]

pa_s.i dry cowdung (BHSkt.)

pi prefix = api

pim.s'ati grinds (AV.)[pis. grind]

piccayati presses flat (Dha_tup.); pi_d. press (AV.)[perf. pipi_l.e_ (RV.)]

picchila slimy, slippery (Pa_n..); picchala slippery, greasy (Pkt.); piccha_ scum of boiled rice (Pa_n..)

pin~j paint; pin~ja turmeric; pim.ga yellow (Pkt.); pijara reddish-yellow

pin~jara cage [pajara]

pim.jai cards cotton (Pkt.)[pacu cotton (Ta.)]; pija_ cotton; picu cotton (Car.); pu_n.i_ roll of cotton (Pkt.); pu_n.ayati collects (Dha_tup.)

pan~ja heap (Pali); puja heap (Pali); puja_ aggregate of four (Or.); pu~_ji stock, property (Ku.)

pu_ga assembly, mass; guild (Pali.Pkt.)

pit.aka basket (Pali)

pit.hara pot, pan (Pali)

pin.d.a lump, clod, piece (RV.); per.o lump of clay (S.); pi~_r.i_ platform of lingam (Bi.); pit.t.ayati stamps into a solid mass; pit.t.iya beaten (Pkt.); pin.ya_ka oilcake

pi_t.ha bench (Pali)

pin.d.ayati collects (Dha_tup.); pin.d.a_ra cowherd

pitr. father (RV.); pitara_ du. father and mother (RV.)

pi_tala brass; pit a small vessel with blood in it on the liver of an ibex (Sh.); pitta bile (AV.); pi_ta yellow (Pali)

pidahati covers, conceals (Pali); piya_iba to join by thrusting the end of a thing into that of another (A.); pidha_na cover, sheath; peha_n cover of a granary (Bi.)

pinaddha dressed [nah]

pipi_la ant (RV.)

pippala ficus religiosa (Ya_j.); pipp fruit of ficus religiosa; piplu berry; mole, freckle

pippalaka scissors (Pali); pin (Car.); pi~pil.a_ instrument for cutting plantain leaves (sometimes fastened to a stick)(M.)

pillaka young of animal, child (Pali)[pil.l.ai (Ta.)]

pis' carve; pis'ita prepared flesh, meat (AV.)

pis'a_ca demon (AV.)

pi_yu_s.a soma juice (RV.); beestings [pi_ swell, abound]; pai_ fat (Kho.); pi_eu meat (Pas'.)[u_s.a-put.a: put.a cavity, small receptacle, fold; puriya_ packet of red-lead (A.); u_s.a salt ground (TS.)]

pu_tara a partic. aquatic animal; pu_ara small water creature (Pkt.)

pulaka shrivelled grain (Pali); pu_lya (AV.); pu_ti putrid (AV.)[pu_y stink; pu_ya pus; pu_liai pus (Lith.)]; pu_tika a plant used in place of soma

pu_ta buttocks; puttara vulva (Pkt.); putu vulva of young woman (N.); po_ta foundation

put.t.a small, dwarfish (Tu.); put.t.ha_ fat (P.); pot.t.a belly (Pkt.)

pus.t.a nourished, big; growth, property (RV.)

pus.t.ika_ oyster; pu~t.hi species of small fish (B.)

pu_ta cleaned (RV.); puna_ti purifies (RV.); pun.an. to strain (L.)[pu_ purify]; pu_a purified (Pkt.)

pua virtue, merit (Pali)

pum.s male (RV.)

pukka_ra shout (Pkt.)

puttika white ant

putali_ pupil of eye (A.)

puttali_ doll (Pkt.)

punar back, again, moreover, however (RV.)

pur stronghold (RV.); pu_r^u hamlet, quarter of a town (K.)

pr.s.t.ha back, hinder part (RV.); pr.s.t.i vertebrae (RV.); pis't back (Gypsy); piccha tail-feather; puccha tail, hinder part (AV.); pat.ha_r girth of a packsaddle (M.); pat.ha_ boil on the back (Or.)

pro_s.t.ha bull; pot.hi_ beast trained for carrying burdens (S.)[poti burden (Ta.)]

purush bridegroom (Kal.); purus.a man, male (RV.)

pr.s'ni spotted (RV.)[pr.s.at spotted (AV.); pr.s. sprinkle; pus. (Pas'.)]

pr.cchana asking; pr.s.t.a asked (RV.); put.hiim. request (OG.)[prach ask]

sam.parka mixing together [pr.c mix, join]

pulina sand bank, islet

pulinda name of a barbarous tribe (AitBr.)

pus'i cat (Tor.)

puppha flower, menses (Pali)[pu_ (Ta.)]

pu_j worship

pus diminish, lose

pusta working in clay [pota cloth]; potthaka book (Pali); cheap rough hempen cloth (Pali)

pu_la bunch, bundle; sheaf (Pkt.)[pul grass (Ta.)]

pr.thak separately (RV.); puthujjana ordinary man [potu common (Ta.)]

puthuka rice in the ear (Pali); pho_vu rice parched and beaten flat (Konkan.i)[pr.thu wide]

po_ta, pr.thuka young of any animal; poha_ any large non-carnivorous domestic animal; pl. cattle (H.)

po_ta cloth [po_st skin (Pers.); pothi_ fleece (L.)]

po_ta boat [pot boat (Ku.)]

pottia_ son's daughter; pautri_; puttar bridegroom; son (L.); putra son (RV.); putre_te pl. the bridegroom's people at the wedding (L.); putti_ daughter (Pali)

po~d the bottom (as of a vessel)(M.)

po~dha_ pin confining plough-handle (M.); prabandha band, tie, connexion

pu_ti glass bead (S.); pot (H.G.M.); jeweller's polishing stone (Bi.); po_tra the Potr.'s soma vessel (RV.)

pot underground part of a post (A.); pota_ foundation (Or.)

pr.da_ku snake (RV.)

parr.a_ leopard (L.); purdum (Kho.)

pe_s'aka_ri_ female embroiderer (VS.); pe_s'ala adorned (VS.)

pokal. hollow (G.M.); pol. honeycomb (M.)

pokar. buttock (A.)

pok worm (A.)

pot.t.a bundle (Pkt.)[pot. load (P.)]

por.a_ to burn (B.); poliba (OA.)

prati towards, against (RV.); near, beside (AitBr.)

prath spread out

prathama first (RV.)

path^ur^u level piece of ground, plateau, small village (K.); prastara plain [str. strew]; khet-patha_r the whole cultivation of a proprietor (Bi.); prastha flat land; a_ra-path land in the bed of a stream (K.); pathawatur^u memorandum showing the area sown (K.); pat.ha_r plateau (M.); puhavi_ earth (OG.); pr.thvi_ the earth (RV.); pad.hravi land (KharI.); pahivi_ (Pkt.); puhami_ (Mth.)

paharo watch, guard, time (Ku.); paharan.a striking (Pali)

pa_ha_run.i iron-studded stick used in threshing rice (Or.)

pa_ri crowbar (G.); pu(h)a_ri small iron chisel (Or.); praha_ra wound [hr. take, carry]

pra_m.s'u tall, high

pa_ka_ra rampart (Pali); paga_ra ridge round field (Or.); pagar fence (Sant.)

pa~gurn.o to germinate (Ku.)[an:kura sprout]

pra_n:gana a kind of drum; pa_gan (H.)

pra_ci_na east, facing front (RV.)[pra~_c directed forward, eastern (RV.)]

puras in front, before; pura_n.a ancient (RV.); pu_rva fore, first, eastern, ancient (RV.)

pra_n.a breath of life (RV.)[an]; pra~_ babe (Ash.); pa_n.a life, living being (Pali)

pra_ntara long, desolate road; country between two villages

pa_hud.a gift (Pkt.); pa_hura (H.); pa_bhata present, bribe (Pali); prabhr.ta offering (RV.)[bhr.]

pa_hun.a guest; pra_ghun.a; pra_ghu_rn.a wanderer; pa_huna guest (Pali); pa_huneyya deserving to be a guest (Pali); pra_havan.i_ya (BHSkt.); pa_hun guest (H.); pa_huna_ daughter's husband (H.) pra_rthya reception of a guest; pijgim guest (Pr.)[gem village]; pra_cha guest (Dm.); pa_huna_-pa_cha_ guests (N.)

pra_le_ya produced by melting (Pa_n..); pa_ro ice, frost (S.)[li_ melt]

pasa_da lofty platform, terrace (Pali)

priya beloved (RV.)[pri_ love]

priyan:gu panicum italicum (VS.)[kan:ku]

pravam.ga, plavam.ga monkey [pru jump]

prus. sprinkle

prus. burn; plus. burn

pre_n:kha swaying (RV.)[i_n:kh]

pare_ta dead (RV.); ghost

pre_ran.a driving on [i_r]

puchana wiping (Pali)

pro_s.t.hi the fish cyprinus pausius; put.i a kind of carp (Or.)

pa_k(h)ar. a fig tree (H.); pa_khar ficus infectoria (P.); plaks.a ficus religiosa phalgu ficus oppositifolia; pha_g fig (Phal.)

pla_vana bathing; pa_van.a stream (Pkt.); pa_vn.a_ sailor (M.)

plu float

plus.i a partic. noxious insect, (prob.) flea (RV.)[pu_cci insect (Ta.)]

psa_ eat; cha_ta hungry (Pali)[ca_tam food (Ta.)]

pak to eat (Pas'.); phaka_ act of so eating (Mth.)

phakkati propounds a statement to be refuted (Dha_tup.); pha~_ko pretension (G.)

pha~_k opening (B.)

phrika vain, worthless (K.); phan.d.ar barren (of animals)(P.); phataro babbler (N.); phusun. worthless (A.); photru~ chaff (G.); phosar. idle fellow (P.); busa chaff (Pkt.)

sphat.ati breaks, tears (Dha_tup.); phat.an.u to wound (S.)

phat.a, phan.a expanded hood of snake; phan.ati springs (Dha_up.)

phan.a froth; phe_n.a foam, froth (RV.)

phaphra_ buckwheat (P.)

phal burst; phl to tear (Dm.); pha_lita split (Pali); pha_ri_ half a hide (Bi.); pha_ra slice (S.)

phala fruit (RV.); suphala_ ep. of furrow (RV.)[phalli_ grain (Tir.); pol a single grain (Wg.); par..am ripe fruit (Ta.)]

phala point of arrow or sword (Pali); pha_la ploughshare (RV.)

phala gaming board

phala shield; bad.a shield (Ash.)

phala spot on dice

phalgu reddish, red (TS.); pha_gu Holi festival (Mth.); phagguna February-March

phas loose, soft (H.); phisan.u to split, burst (S.); phuko free, untied (N.);

phuskanu to be loosened, slip (N.)

phat.ak gate (A.)[hat.t.a shop, bazaar (Pkt.)]

pha_n.d.an.u to separate, apportion (S.)

phin:ga_ forktailed shrike (B.); bhr.n:ga; bhan.ero sparrow (N.)

bhr.n:ga_ large black bee (AV.); bhim.ga bumble-bee (Pkt.)

phi~jlan.o to scatter, strew over (Ku.)[picir fibre (Ta.)]; phiskan.u to slip (S.); phissa easily torn (N.)

phalati, phe_lati goes (Dha_tup.); phirai goes, returns (Pkt.); sipardan to travel (Pers.); pheru turn; phero circle (S.); circumambulation of the marriage fire (Marw.)

phu~_ka moustache (Dm.)

phut fly (Bshk.)

phupphusa lungs

phulla blossoming (Pali)

phut blowing, puffing

phekab to throw (Mth.)

phet. skirt (M.)[pat.t.a strip]

phe_ru jackal; pheu fox, jackal (B.)

bam.h be big [bahu much, many, great (RV.)]

baka crane (Pali); bala_ka_ (VS.)

bakun to prate (K.); barbara stammering (Pa_n..gan.a)

barbara curly (of hair)

bagar. a kind of red rice (P.)

bad.u boy (Pkt.); bit.t.a boy (Pkt.)

bad.is'a hook, fish-hook

ban.d.a maimed (in hands, feet, or tail)

baddha bound (RV.)[bandh bind]; bandha deposit, pledge; bandhu kinsman (RV.)

badhira deaf (RV.)

babhrus'a brownish (Pa_n..gan.a); bhu_ro brownish (S.)

ba~b vast, full (G.M.)

barua a kind of grass like sugarcane (Pkt.)

barkro sheep (Gypsy)

barhis.t.ha highest (RV.)[br.h increase]

bala power, strength (RV.); balya strengthening (Pa_n..)

balak swelling up in boiling (B.)[uppal swelling (Ta.)]

bali tribute, offering (RV.); bail bull, ox (P.); bel (G.)[ve_l. (Ta.)]

balbaja eleusine indica (RV.); ba_biyo a kind of coarse grass (used for thatching)(N.)

bahi outside (Pali)

ba_ father (Pas'.)

ba_dh obstruct

ba_la young

bid.a_la cat; bil.a